过去分词做定语和表语

过去分词做定语和表语
过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。

它在句子中可以充当表语、定语，状语等多种成份。

一、过去分词作定语：过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。

1、前置定语：单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。

A类:被动意义:
an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人
The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。

B类:完成意义:
a retired teacher 一位退休的教师
They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。

2、后置定语：过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。

如: This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written).这将是这类小说中写得最好的。

Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?
二、过去分词作表语
1、作表语的过去分词主要来自及物动词,在主-系-表句型中,说明主语所处的一种状态。

其中系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。

如:Y ou seem frightened.你看样子受了惊吓。

2、少数不及物动词(如go, come, set)的过去分词也能作表语,但它们不表示被动意义,只是表示动作完成。

如:They are gone for vacation.他们度假去了。

注意:要区别“系动词+过去分词(系表结构)” 和“系动词+过去分词(被动语态)”。

如: A. The library is now closed.图书馆现在关门了。

B. The library is closed at six.图书馆经常在六点钟关门。

说明:作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态,强调主谓关系。

这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite, very, rather等修饰词。

系动词可有多种,表示不同的意义;被动语态表示动作,强调动宾关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用by短语来表示。

因此,我们不难看出在上面两句中,A句是系表结构,B句是被动语态。

1. Most of the artists _____ to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited
B. to invite
C. being invited
D. had been invited
2. The computer center, _____last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open
B. opening
C. having opened
D. opened
3. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _____ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
4.—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
—The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand _____ by the customers.
A. to solving; making
B. to solving; made
C. to solve; making
D. to solve; made
5. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _____ only to p eople with specific knowledge.
A. being known
B. having been known
C. to be known
D. known
6 _______ English is different from ______ English in many ways.
A. Spoken; written
B. Speaking; written
C. Spoken; writing
D. Speak; write
7 The woman ________ there under the tree, _______ in a blue shirt, is our headmaster.
A. sitting; wearing
B. sitting; dressed
C. seating; dressed
D. seated; dressing
8 Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing Mining Company, _____ as 3M.
A. knowing.
B. known.
C. being known.
D. to be known
9 The _____ dishes lay on the floor. A breaking. B. broken. C. broke. D. break
10 the ship,______ by a huge piece of iceberg, cam to a sudden stop. A. hitting. B. hit. C. hitted. D. to hit.
11 Sandy, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to ____ before the party.
A. get changed.
B. get change. 12. get changing. D. get to change.
13 he seems quite _____ at the idea. A. pleasing. B. pleased. C. please. D. pleasant.
14 . She felt rather _______that she shouldn’t drive the car at such a _______ speed.
A. frightening, frightening
B. frightened, frightened
C. frightening, frightened
D. frightened, frightening
15 Tell Mary that there’s someone ____ for her at the door. A. waiting. B. waits. C. waited. D. to wait.
16 there is a big dog____ to a fence outside the house. A. tying. B. tied. C. to tie. D. ties.
17 The Olympic Games, ___ in 776 B.C.did not include women players until 1912.
A. first played
B. to be first played
C. first playing
D. to be first playing
18. What he has done is really ____. Now his parents are _____ him.
A. disappointing; disappointed at
B. disappointing; disappointed about
C. disappointing; disappointed with
D. disappointed; disappointing by
19. Prices of daily goods ___ through a computer can be lower than some store prices.
A. are bought
B. bought
C. been bought
D. buying
20. Mr Smith, ____ of the ___ speech, started to read a novel.
A. tired; boring
B. tiring; bored
C. tired; bored
D. tiring; boring
21 As soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowers ____ by her mother.
A. buying
B. being bought
C. were bought
D. bought
22. As we joined the big crowd I got ______ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
23. The students, ______ at the way the question was put, didn’t know how to answer it.
A being surprised B. surprising C. surprised D. having surprised
24. The first textbooks _____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A having written B. to be written C. being written D. written
25. Look at the note_____ to the door, you will see that someone paid a visit when we are away.
A. pinning
B. pinned
C. being pinned
D. is pinned
26. I was very ____ to find all the tickets had been sold out when I got there.
A. disappoint
B. to disappoint
C. disappointing
D. disappointed
27 .--- A woman was killed. --- Where is the body of the ______ woman?
A. murder
B. murdered
C. murdering
D. having murdered
28 .The ___ look on the girl’s face suggested that she ___ such bad news.
A. surprising, would expect
B. surprised, should expect
C. surprising, shouldn’t have been expected
D. surprised, hadn’t expected
29 .Y ou’ll find the word "psychology"___under "P" in your dictionary. A. have listed B. list C. listed D. listing
30 .From the date ___ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago.
A.marking
B.marked
C.to be marked
D.having been marked
1.Do you know the boy ____(lie) under the big tree?
2. “Can’t you read?” Mary said angrily _________(point) to the notice.
3 The woman _____(sell) vegetables has gone.
4.The wheat is watered by water _____(bring) from a pond.
5. He is a leader________ (respect) by the people.
6. ______(tell)to stay in Beijing, the boy decided not to returned to his village.
7. We lived in the house __________________(我舅舅们修建的).
8. Any medicine ________(服用) without the advice of a doctor can cause trouble.
9. We spent two hours discussing the plan __________________ (她制定的).
10. Most of the people ___________________(被邀请参加宴会的) were famous scientists.
Key: 1-5 ADC D D 6-10 ABBBB 11—20 ABDA BAABA21—30
DACDB DBDCB
1 lying
2 pointing
3 selling
4 brought
5 respected
6 Having been told
7 built by my uncles
8 taken
9 made by him. 10 invited to the party.。