英语翻译基础期末复习资料

英语翻译基础期末复习资料
I. Fill in the blanks：( 2 points for each, 20 points ) 
1.在中国近代翻译史上，最引人瞩目的翻译家是严复和_________。

2.比较全面而明确的_________标准是清代翻译家严复于1898年在其《天演
《天演 论-译例言》中提出的“___________”。

3.社会符号学派认为翻译是一种_______________活动。

活动。

4.__________是最早将翻译的范围从宗教以及文学扩大到_____________的
翻译家。

翻译家。

5.__________学派认为翻译是两种语言的话语转换活动。

学派认为翻译是两种语言的话语转换活动。

6.一般认为，中国历史上出现过三次翻译高潮：东汉至唐宋的__________、
明末清初的_____________和鸦片战争至“五四运动”期间____________ 
和文学翻译。

和文学翻译。

7.翻译是一门_________学科，它集语言学、_________、心理学、信息论等
于一身，
于一身，
、文化、科技等诸多领域。

涉及政治、__________、文化、科技等诸多领域。

8.从翻译的方向看，据我国的_______实践而言，可分为外译汉和
实践而言，可分为外译汉和 _______两大类。

两大类。

9.从翻译的题材上看，可分为_________翻译和_________翻译。

翻译。

10.在学习翻译的初级阶段，
外语水平主要指_________和_________，两者缺在学习翻译的初级阶段，外语水平主要指
一不可。

一不可。

11.___________研究的是翻译时所采用的各种方法问题。

研究的是翻译时所采用的各种方法问题。

12.在翻译理论中，既要继承“____________”的理论传统，又要借鉴西方科
理论。

学的____________理论。

13.严复是第一个__________介绍西方资产阶级政治制度、学术及________，
对当时思想界产生了很大的影响的人。

对当时思想界产生了很大的影响的人。

14.林纾翻译的小说语言优美，林译小说为中国________开了一代风气。

开了一代风气。

15.最能代表林纾翻译水平的作品有《巴黎茶花女遗事》和___________. 
II. Translate the following phrases into Chinese or English
：(2 points for each, 20 points) 
A. 
1.heavy traffic 
2.a wet blanket 
3.walls have ears 
4.the heel of Achilles 
5.floor exercises 
6.Pay attention to Public Hygiene 
7.basic allowance 
8.opening up 
9.special economic zone 
10.blessed faculties 
11.after one’s own heart 
12.a bed of roses 
13.a gentleman’s agreement 
14.Pandora‘s box 
15.burn the midnight oil 
B．
1.安乐窝
安乐窝
2.红茶
红茶
3.玩的开心
玩的开心
4.过着安逸舒适的生活
过着安逸舒适的生活
5.逃学
逃学
6.克尽厥职
克尽厥职
7.开夜车
开夜车
8.君子协议
君子协议
9.下棋
下棋
10.出生证明
出生证明
11.花露水
花露水
12.烟瘾很大的人
烟瘾很大的人
13.灾难之源
灾难之源
14.今天不营业
今天不营业
15.称心如意
称心如意
III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese/English (3 points for each, 30points):
A．
1.Wherever the sea is, you will find seamen. 
2.Rain or shine, I will go there. 
3.Nowadays it is not difficult to go abroad. 
4.Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. 
5.He cannot but agree. 
6.The sun gives light and heat. 
7.I had a light meal because I got a bad cold. 
8. A doctor’s duty is to make every effort to save the dying and the wounded.
9. Don’t cross the bridge till you get it. 
10. He is still wet behind the ears. 
11. All that gliters is not gold 
12. The good die young 
13. Blood is thicker than water 
14. Every dog has his day 
15. A little pot is soon hot B ．
1. 闪光的不都是金子闪光的不都是金子
2. 他抽烟有三年了他抽烟有三年了
3. 不自由，毋宁死。

不自由，毋宁死。

4. 这本书没有给我留下什么印象。

这本书没有给我留下什么印象。

5. 年轻人总是对未来怀着梦想。

年轻人总是对未来怀着梦想。

6. 他反对改革。

他反对改革。

7. 好人命不长好人命不长
8. 这就是锌。

这就是锌。

9. 他整整5英尺高。

英尺高。

10. 人人都有出头的日子人人都有出头的日子
11. 你越仔细越好。

你越仔细越好。

12. 人小火气大人小火气大
13. 人人难免有过失。

人人难免有过失。

14. 只有奇迹才能够救他。

只有奇迹才能够救他。

15. 血浓于水血浓于水
IV . Translate the short passage into Chinese ( 30 points for the whole):
On Learning Foreign Language
After After spending spending spending a a a couple couple couple of of weeks talking talking to to Americans in in Moscow, Moscow, and 
listening listening through a through a wall to the the life of the Russians, I decided to life of the Russians, I decided to 
learn the language. I did did not want to collect bits of second-hand not want to collect bits of second-hand information. I did n ot want 
not want information. I wanted the feeling of life under a proletarian dictatorship, and there was only one way to to get get get it. it. it. I I I had had had been been been puttering puttering puttering along along along with with with my my my grammar grammar grammar and and and with with with Lhermontov Lhermontov Lhermontov and and 
Pushkin, reading at them in the same dreadful way that we used to read at Horace and Virgil. That was not learning anything. 
I I have have have my my my own own own system system system for for for learning learning learning foreign foreign foreign language, language, language, which which which is is is based based based upon upon upon a a 
profound knowledge of the human heart, and which I will here with some reservations impart to the reader. The The first thing to do first thing to do 
is to go to the capital of the country where 
that that language language language is spoken, and buy a grammar, two is spoken, and buy a grammar, two 
little red dictionaries, and a railroad ticket. ticket. The The The railroad railroad railroad ticket ticket ticket should should should take take take you you you as as as far far far away away away from from from the the the capital capital capital as as as possible, possible, clear out of the sound of your own language, and preferably t o a summer resort. The to a summer resort. The reason for this is that you are going to have a good time, and you need company .
What Makes a Teacher
It It is is is customary customary customary for for for adults adults adults to to to forget forget forget how how how hard hard hard and and and dull dull dull and and and long long long school school school is. is. is. The The 
learning learning by by by memory memory memory of of of all all all the the the basic basic basic things things things one one one must must must know know know is is is a a a most most most incredible incredible incredible and and unending unending effort. effort. effort. Learning Learning Learning to to to read read read is is is probably probably probably the the the most most most difficult difficult difficult and and and revolutionary revolutionary thing that happens to the human brain and if you don ’t believe that, watch an illiterate adult try to do it. School is is not easy and not easy and i t it it is is is not for the not for the m ost part most part very very much much much fun, but fun, but then, then, if if if you you you are are are very very very lucky lucky lucky, , , you you you may may may find find find a a a real real real teacher. teacher. teacher. Three Three Three real real real teachers teachers teachers in in in a a lifetime lifetime is the is the very best of my my luck. My luck. My first was a science and math math teacher teacher teacher in in in high high school, school, my second, my second, a professor of creative writing writing at Stanford, and at Stanford, and my my third was third was 
my friend and partner, Ed Ricketts. 
I have come to believe that a great teacher is a great artist and that there are as few as there are any other great artists. It m ight even be might even be t he the the greatest of the greatest of the a rts since arts since the medium is the human mind and spirit. 
My three teacher had these things in common: They all loved what they were doing. They 
did not tell, they catalyzed a burning desire to know. Under their influence, the horizons sprung 
wide and fear wear went away and the unknown became knowable. But most important of all, the truth, that dangerous stuff, became beautiful and very precious. 
Sleep
Sleep is part of a person's daily activity cycle. there are several different stages of sleep, and they too occur in cycles. If you are an average sleeper, your sleep cycle is as follows. When you fist drift off into slumber, your eyes will roll about a bit, you temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing well slow and become quite regular. Y our brain waves slow 
and become quite regular. Y our brain waves slow down a bit too, with the alpha rhythm of rather fast waves 1 sleep. For the next half hour or so, as you relax more and more, you will drift down through stage 2 and stage 3 sleep. The lower your stage of sleep. slower your brain waves will be. Then about 40to 69 minutes after you lose consciousness you will have reached the deepest sleep of all. Y o ur brain will show the large slow waves that are known asthe delta rhythm. This is stage our brain will show the large slow waves that are known asthe delta rhythm. This is stage 4 sleep. 
Y ou do not remain at this deep fourth stage all n ight night 
night long, but long, but instead about 80 minutes minutes after after after you you you fall fall fall into into into slumber, slumber, your your brain brain brain activity activity activity level level level will will will increase increase increase again again 
slightly slightly. the delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain . the delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. waves. Y Y our eyes will begin to dart around under under your closed eyelids as your closed eyelids as if if you you you were were 
looking looking at at at something something something occurring occurring occurring in in in front front front of of of you. you. you. This This This period period period of of of rapid rapid rapid eye eye eye movement movement 
lasts for some 8 to 15 minutes and is called REM sleep. It is during REM sleep period, your body will soon relax relax again, again, again, your breathing will slip your breathing will slip 
gently back from stage 1 to stage 4 sleep----only to rise once again t o the surface of 
to the surface of near consciousness some 80 minutes later
The Newly Fallen Snow
The The first snow came. first snow came. H ow beautiful How beautiful it it was, was, was, falling falling falling so silently so silently
, all day long, all night night long, long, long, on on on the the the mountains, mountains, mountains, on on on the the the meadows, meadows, meadows, on on on the the the roofs roofs roofs of of of the the the living, living, living, on on on the the 
graves of the dead! All white save the river, that marked its course by a winding black line line across across across the the the landscape, landscape, landscape, and and and the the the leafless leafless leafless trees, trees, trees, that that that against against against the the the leaden leaden leaden sky sky sky now now revealed revealed more more more fully fully fully the the the wonderful wonderful wonderful beauty beauty beauty and and and intricacy intricacy intricacy of of of their their their branches! branches! branches! What What 
silence, too, came with the snow, and what seclusion! Every sound was muffled; every noise changed to something soft and musical. 。