职称英语复习资料39

第6部分：完形填空（第51~65题，每题1分，共15分）下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Avalanche and Its Safety
An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside. Avalanches are ___1___ the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.
All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope ___2___supports it.Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is ___3___to cause an avalanche. ___4___ a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.
Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low___5___ of avalanche. Snow does not___6___ significantly on steep slopes; also, snow does not___7___ easily on flat slopes. Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow's angle of rest
is___8___ 35 and 45 degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees. The rule of thumb is: A slope that is___9___ enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche,regardless of the angle. Additionally, avalanche risk increases with___10___; that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the. more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.
Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe.Good avalanche safety is a continuous___11___, including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather___12___, and human factors. Several well-known good habits can also___13___ the risk.If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports,they should be considered and and all warnings should be paid___14___ to. Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations; snow conditions are almost certain to have charged since they were made. Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are ___15___ or damaged. Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.
词汇：
avalanche /'ævəlɑ:ntʃ/n.雪崩
snowpack /'snəupæk/n．积雪场
terrain /'terein /n.地形，地势
steep /sti:p/ adj，险峻的，陡峭的
trigger /'trigə /n.引起，激发
incidence /'insidns /n.，发生（率）
ski /ski:/v．滑雪
complexity /kəm'pleksiti /n．复杂性
注释：
1．angle of rest：这里指积雪保持静止的角度。

2. rule of thumb：指“a broadly accurate principle, based on experience or practice rather than theory”，即“通用法则，经验法则”。

3．Additionallv：是一个副词，用来引入新的事实或论点，意为“此外”。

4．backcountry：人烟稀少的地区
练习：
1. A among B of C to D in
2. A when B that C who D whose
3. A mostly B likely C clearly D surely
4. A are B will be C is D was
5. A weight B form C risk D work
6. A fall B flow C roll D gather
7.A fall B flow C roll D gather
8.A among B between C with D for
9.A thick B thin C flat D rocky
10.A use B time C snow D rain
11.A journey B trip C fact D process
12.A conditions B reports C forecast D event
13.A increase B reduce C improve D remove
14.A price B effort C attention D money
15.A missing B grown C big D fresh
答案与题解：
1．A 表达“雪崩是山上可能发生的最大危险之一”的意思，因此应该选择among（在……之中）。

2．B 从该句的语法结构上来看，此处需要一个关系代词，代替slope，所以that是最佳选择。

选项A、C、D均不符合语法。

3．B 选项A不符合语法，C和D符合语法，但不符合常识：过度的雪的积压可能导致雪崩，而不是必定导致雪崩。

所以，B是最佳答案。

4.C 该句的主语是Determining the critical load，从上下文来看应该使用…般现在时，所以C是正确答案。

5．C要确定本题答案的一个有效的方法是排除法。

a low weigh/form work of avalanche都不合逻辑，只有a low risk of avalanche 符合上下文的意思。

下面的句子解释了low risk of avalanche的道理，更证实了选risk是正确的。

6.D 第6和第7题可以一起考虑。

整个句子的意思是：在较陡峭的坡面上，雪不会大量堆积。

在较为平坦的坡面，雪不会轻易滑动。

7.B （见6）
8.B 理解了句子的意思就不难判断选项：雪在静止状态下，角度在35 - 45度之间，最可能发生人为触发的雪崩。

between：在……之间。

9.C这个句子说明的是什么样的山坡最易发生雪崩，即，A slope that is flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski。

flat在此做“平坦”解，与后面的steep形成反义。

10.A 句中的that is表明，后半部分是对前半部分的进一步说明。

所以，这里的选择要根据下文的意思判断。

use是最佳选择，整个句子的意思是：山坡被滑雪者使用的越多，雪崩就越可能发生。

11.D 尽管选项A、B和D都能和continuous搭配，从全段的内容判断，只有process是最佳选择，因为该段描写的是如何防备雪崩，及如何做好安全措施等一系列问题。

12.A 选项A、B、C都可以与weather搭配，但是根据上下文，只有A最为符合文章的内容。

13.B 选项A不符合句子的意思；C不能和risk搭配；D也不符合句子的意思，因为不可能完全消除雪崩的隐患。

14.C 该句主句使用的是被动语态，第二个动词是pay attention to的被动形式。

选项A、B、D均不符合句子的意思。

15.A 该句是作者给出的一系列忠告之一，即，认真观察地形，注意明显的雪崩路径：没有植物或植物被毁坏的地方。

选项B、C、D均不符合句义。