高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习和答案
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高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习
虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设,所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句可分为三种,即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
(1)表示与现在事实相反
If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.
(2)表示与过去事实相反
If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.
(3)表示与将来事实相反
I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.
1. 虚拟条件句的倒装
在虚拟条件句中,为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性,或突出说话人的一种主观愿望,虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if,把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。
例如:Had I been(= If I had been ) in that situation, I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.
Should there be (= If there should be) a drought, what should we do at that time ?
2. 错综时间条件句
有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。
例如:
If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ,thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.
3. 含蓄条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来,而是通过某个介词或介词短语(如:with,otherwise,without,but for,in that position)、上下文或其它方式表现出来。
这种句子称为含蓄条件句。
例如:
But for the help from you , I would not have had the chance to go to college.
二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用
在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气,表示愿望、建议或命令等。
根据虚拟语气的形式不同,虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。
(一)should类
这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的,should可以省略。
其具体运用体现在:
1. 在suggest , order, demand , propose, command, request, desire,insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。
如:He suggests that she should leave the house at once.
The leader ordered that the task(should) be finished as soon as possible.
He proposed that we (should)deal with the problem by the view of development.
2. 与suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion,order,demand,proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。
如:The general sent the order that the battle (should)be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.
My proposal is that we(should) set a deadline for handing in the plan.
3. 在It is/was suggested (ordered,demanded,proposed,etc.)结构以及necessary,essential,important,strange,natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。
如:
It’s requested that we (should)keep the stability of the society for the people’s peaceful life.
It is necessary that the badly wounded man(should) be treated immediately. (二)过去时态类
英语中,还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子,也要使用虚拟语气,虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态(如:一般过去时、过去完成时等)来体现的。
1. wish,would rather 后的宾语从句。
如:
He wished he had never been involved in such affairs.
I would rather you could teach me again.
2. as if,as though引导的从句。
如:
The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.
He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.
3. 由if only (要是……,那该多好啊!)引导的惊叹句。
如:
If only I had passed the test!
If only it stopped raining!
4. It is(about/high) time 后的定语从句。
如:
It is time we went out for a walk.
It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.
三、虚拟语气的其它用法
在英语中,一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子,也需要使用虚拟语气。
如:
Would you mind smoking here?
May you be lucky!
Long live the people of China!
God save me.
虚拟语气练习题
1.–Thank you for your assistance, without ___I might have been in danger.
--That’s all right, anyone in my place ________ the same thing.
A.that; will do B.it, would
C.which; can have done D.which; would have done
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查非限制性定语从句和虚拟语气。
句意:——谢谢你的帮助,没有你的帮助我可能会有危险。
——没关系,无论是谁处在我这样的位置,都会这么做的。
without ___I might have been in danger.是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词是your assistance,介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,指物,只能用which;与过去事实相反的假设,其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他,主句:主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他,故选D。
2.If it _________ not for all the cars and passers-by with cameras, you _________ think you have magically traveled back to the 14 century.
A.is …will B.had been… would
C.were… will D.were…might
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:句意:如果不是因为所有的汽车和带照相机的过路人,你可能会认为你奇迹般的回到了14世纪。
从句意看,这是一种不真实的情况,用虚拟语气,因为是和现在相反的情况,所以if的从句用be动词的过去时were,主句用情态动词might do,所以选D。
考点:考查情态动词和虚拟语气
3.________the problem, he wouldn't have committed those mistakes.
A.If he understood B.Had he understood C.When he had understood D.If he would understood
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
had he understood the problem是省略的倒装形式,正常结构是If he had understood the problem。
句意:如果他理解了这个问题,他就不会犯那些错误。
4.—I failed again. I wish I _________ harder.
—But you _________.
A.had worked; hadn’t B.worked; don’t
C.had work ed; didn’t D.worked; didn’t
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
wish后宾语从句的虚拟语气只有两种时态,一是一般过去时,一是过去完成时。
即若表示对现在或将来的虚拟就用一般过去时;若表示对过去的虚拟就用
过去完成时。
从句的时态完全不以wish 的形式而变化。
这里是表示对过去的虚拟,答语叙述的是过去发生的事情,用过去时态。
故选C。
5.Hackers threatened _______ Sony release the film ‘The Interview’(also enti tled ‘Killing Kim jong un’)on the coming 2014 Christmas,they ______ launch terror attacksresembling 11th Sept in 2001,
A.should;will be B.were to;could
C.were;should have D.should;would
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
虚拟语气。
threatened后跟宾语从句,从句意思是“如果索尼发行电影The Interview的话,他们将发起类似于‘911’事件的恐怖袭击”,宾语从句是一个if虚拟条件句,常省略if,把should/were/had提到句首,根据句意可知,这里是对将来进行虚拟,主句用would+动词原形,故选D。
6.—Don’t forget to bring your camera with you,Jack.
—Oh,thank you.I wouldn’t bring it if you ________ me.
A.w ouldn’t remind B.haven’t reminded
C.shouldn’t have reminded D.hadn’t reminded
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查错综条件的虚拟语气。
句意:——不要忘记带上你的相机,杰克。
——啊,谢谢。
如果你不提醒我,我不会带的。
本题主句涉及的时间是将来,从句涉及的时间是过去,条件从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时,谓语动词的形式要根据各自所表示的时间来调整,这种现象叫做错综时间虚拟语气。
本题从句表示与过去事实相反,过去事实上是“提醒”了,故用过去完成时。
7.The officer ______ that a ll of them should set out at six o’clock.
A.commanded B.said
C.told D.wanted
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词。
A. commanded命令; B. said说; C. told 告诉; D. wanted想要。
根据宾语从句中的谓语动词should set out,可知答案为A。
8.—With the failure of the experiment, we reach a dead end.
—Cheer up! Many good things would never have happened if the bad events ________ first. A.don’t happen B.didn’t happen
C.hadn’t happened D.haven’t happened
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
表示与过去事实相反的推测时,主句用would have done的形式,if从句用过去完成时。
9.—Why didn’t you call me then?
—Oh, my cell-phone was power off. I ________ you otherwise.
A.would call B.had called
C.have called D.would have called
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:---为什么当时你不给我打电话?--哦,我的手机没电了。
否则的话我会给你打的。
此处相当于if条件状语从句中与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,主句用would
/should /could/might +have+过去分词,指如果我手机当时有电的话我会给你打的。
故选D.【名师点睛】
含蓄虚拟条件句就是将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句,比如将条件隐含在不定式短语中,分词短语中,介词短语中,名词短语中,或某些连词(如or, or else, otherwise等)中,将条件隐含在定语从句中,将条件隐含在一定的上下文中,等等。
如:To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你学习更用功些,你早就考及格了。
(=if you have studied ha rder, you…)
Failing this time, what would you do?假若这次失败,那你怎么办?(=If you failed this time, what…)
Without air, no one could live. 没有空气,人就不能活。
(=If there were no air, no one could live.)
A true friend would not have betrayed me. 若是真正的朋友,就不会背弃我。
(=If he had been a true friend, he would…)
I didn’t know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldn’t have believed him.我不知道他是个骗子,不然我也不会相信他了。
(or else=if I had known he was a cheat)
Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo. 凡是看过那画的人,都可能把它看成是照片。
(=If any one had seen that painting…)
Don’t bother to read all these papers. It would take too long.不要费事看所有这些文件了,那会花太多时间。
(=…If you read all these papers, It would take too long)
I’m really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you. 我真的是太忙了,不然我就会同你一道去了。
(otherwise=if I were not so busy)
10.I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, otherwise, I ________ you waiting for such a long time.
A.had not kept B.will not keep
C.would not have kept D.have not kept
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:我在交通堵塞中被困了一个多小时,否则我不会让你等这么长时间。
句中用了虚拟语气,otherwise说明的从句内容和过去事实相反,指如果不被交通阻塞困住,主句用would/should/could/might +have+过去分词,故选C。
【名师点睛】
虚拟语气中,非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句,在多数情况下,条件会暗含在短语中,如otherwise…,without…,but for…(要不是因为...)等
But for his help, we would be working now.
要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢。
Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.
要是没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步。
We didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise we would have telephoned him.
我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话。
11. it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
A.Should B.Would
C.Could D.Must
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
本题考查与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,故从句用should + v原形。
句意:如果明天下雨,会议将会被推迟。
此处是if引导的非真实条件句,如果把if省略,则将情态动词should提到主语的前面。
故选A。
【点睛】
if 的虚拟语气讲解
1.对现在情况的假设:表示说话时不存在或与事实相反的情况.形式:If+主语+did,主语
+should/ would /could +do.例句:If you knew english well,you would be able to talk with foreigners freely.
2.对过去情况的假设:表示与过去事实相反的情况.形式:if+主语+had done,主语
+should/would /could+have done.例句:if i had not studied hard ,i might have failed in the exam.(事实是我通过考试了)
3.对将来情况的假设:表示将来实现可能性不大的情况.形式:if+主语+did/were to do
/should do,主语+should /would /could do.例句:if he should change his mind ,what would we do? if的省略:在正式文体中,有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去,这时从句需要采用倒装语序,即:将were,had,should等助动词提到主语前面,主句不做任何变化.例句:should it rain tomorrow,we would staly at home.
错综时间:所谓错综时间是指主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间.这时,需要根据意思选用表示不同时间的虚拟语气形式.例句:if i were you ,i would have taken his advice.(从句表示现在时间,主句表示过去时间),我要是你,就听他的忠告了。
12.He made the suggestion that we by train.
A.went B.would go
C.go D.had gone
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:他建议我们坐火车去。
名词suggestion后面的同位语从句使用虚拟语气should+动词原形;should可以省略。
故选C.
【点睛】
虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句的用法
在proposal, suggestion, order, requirement, desire, decision, advice, plan, necessity等表示提议、要求、命令等名词的后面的表语从句和同位语从句中,可用“动词原形”或“should +动词原形”虚拟语气。
His suggestion is that the meeting be put off.他的建议是推迟开会。
He made the suggestion that we go by train.他建议我们坐火车去。
13.Though his face suggested that there________ nothing serious, the doctor still suggested he ________ in bed for a few days.
A.was, stay B.was, stayed
C.be, stayed D.be, stay
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查suggest用法。
suggest表示建议的时候,后面的句子使用虚拟语气:should do构成,
should可以省略;当suggest表示暗示,说明的时候,后面使用陈述语气。
第一空前的suggest意为暗示,说明,所以使用陈述语气;第二空前的suggest意为建议,后面使用虚拟语气。
结合句意可知A正确。
句意:尽管他的脸表明没有什么严重的事情,但医生还是建议他卧床几天。
故选A。
【点睛】
Suggest用法小结
1.suggest表示建议
1)suggest+doing sth.
He suggested going out for a walk.
2)suggest +(that )+主语+(should) do+sth 其中的should 可以省略
He suggested that you should go there tomorrow.
=He suggested you go there tomorrow.
注意,不可以这样说:He suggested you to go there tomorrow.也就是说suggest不可以加不定式的复合结构.
3)it is suggested that +主语+(should )do sth.
It is suggested that the work (should) be finished at once.
4)suggestion做主语时,其后的表语从句也用这个结构即:The suggestion is that +主语
+should +do sth
His suggestion is that I should leave for Beijing immediately.
2.suggest 表示暗示或表明之意,注意此时做主语时后面的表语从句用陈述语气
Her yawn suggested that she was sleepy.她哈欠连天表明她困了。
14.-- It’s many years since I saw you last; I _____ you at all.
--- I wouldn’t have, either, if someone ______ you by the name.
A.didn’t recognize; hadn’t cal led B.didn’t recognize; didn’t call
C.haven’t recognized; didn’t call D.recognized; had called
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态和虚拟语气。
句意:---自从上一次相见已经过去许多年了,我没有认出你来。
---如果不是有人喊你的名字,我也没有认出你。
第一空指的是说这句话之前没有认出对方,故用过去式;第二空表示对过去事情相反的假设,在从句中对过去的虚拟用过去完成式。
故选A。
15.How I wish I to repair the watch! I only made it worse.
A.had tried B.hadn't tried
C.have tried D.didn't try
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:我多么希望我没有去修理那块表!我只让事情变得更糟了。
动词wish后接宾语从句时,从句谓语要用虚拟语气若表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时。
根据句意以及“made”可知,B选项正确。
【点睛】
wish后宾语从句用虚拟语气
动词wish后接宾语从句时,从句谓语要用虚拟语气。
1.若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时;2.若表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时;3.若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would (could)+动词原形。
本句符合第2点用法,故B选项正确。
16.________ anyone treat me like that, I ________ complain to the manager.
A.Should; would B.Did; should C.Would; might D.Could; might
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查if的虚拟语气倒装。
句意:如果有人像那样对我,我会向经理投诉。
根据句意可知,此句为if引导的虚拟语气,表示与将来相反,从句用if+主语+should+动词原形,主句用主语+would+动词原形。
即句子为:If anyone should treat me like that, I would complain to the manager。
If 引导的虚拟语气条件从句可以用倒装,即将should置于句首,省略if,故选A。
17.Had he taken his parent’s advice, he ______ having made such a silly mistake now. A.would not regret B.would not have regretted
C.may not regret D.may not have regretted
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查混合虚拟语气。
句意:如果他听了父母的劝告,他现在就不会后悔犯了这样一个愚蠢的错误了。
本句考查if引导的混合条件虚拟语气,即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同,分析本句可知,从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反,故主句中用
would/should/could/might do结构。
故选A。
【点睛】
虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表:
通常,在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式,从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的,如果两者时间不一致,此时就是混合型虚拟语气。
混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”,即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同,采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。
如本句Had he taken his parent’s advice, he would not regret having made such a silly mistake now. 从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设。
故A选项正确。
18.I wish I __________ at my sister’s wedding, but I was on a business trip in New York last weekend.
A.will be B.would be
C.were D.had been
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:我真希望我参加了我姐姐的婚礼,但我上周末去纽约出差了。
用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。
其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时或could+现在完成时,故选D。
【点睛】
动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.用wish表示现在的祝愿和报歉。
其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语be用were(was),实义动词用过去式。
例:I wish they were at home this time.
2.用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。
其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时或could+现在完成时。
例:I wish I hadn't hurt him so much.
3.用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。
其句子结构为宾语从句的谓语为would/could/might+动词原形。
例:I wish I might be able to come tomorrow 。
19.______ for the fire at Notre Dame de Paris, a church famous for its large collection of art treasures, I would be there for a visit this summer vacation.
A.Had it not been B.Should it not be
C.Were it not be D.If had it not been
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查省略if的虚拟语气。
句意:如果不是巴黎圣母院的大火,这个以收藏大量艺术珍品而闻名的教堂,我今年暑假就会去那里参观。
此处是if引导的虚拟语气,if从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时态,且if省略则把助动词had提到主语的前面去。
故选A。
【点睛】
If引导的虚拟语气:
1.表示与现在事实相反的情况
从句:If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)主句:主语+
should/would/might/could+do:If I were you,I would take an umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞。
(事实:我不可能是你)
2.表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句:If+主语+had+done主句:主语+should/would/might/could+have done:If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。
(事实:去晚了)
3.表示与将来事实相反
从句:①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do③if+主语+动词一般过去式(be动词用were)主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do:If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。
(事实:来的可能性很小,不可能)
20.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ the task in half the time. A.accomplished B.had accomplished
C.would accomplish D.would have accomplished
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:工人们没有被更好的组织起来,否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。
根据上句the workers were not better organized可知,这是对过去事情的虚拟。
表示与过去事实相反的假设,其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他,主句:主语
+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他,故选D。
21.He would get to the university by Friday ______ today, which can ensure him of his speech. A.were he to leave B.if he had left C.did he to leave D.had he left
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:如果今天出发,他周五就可以达到那所大学,这样就可以确保他的演讲。
根据He would get to the university by Friday判断此处考查与现在事实相反的虚拟语
气,从句应用一般过去时,即if he were to leave,又从句中有were时可省略if将其提到句首,即were he to leave,故选A项。
【点睛】
本题考查非真实条件状语从句中虚拟语气的省略
If引导的虚拟条件状语从句中,如有were, had(助动词),should时可省略if,再提前were, had, should。
例如:
1.If I we re you, I would choose to stay at home. →Were I you, I would choose to stay at home.
2.If it should snow tomorrow, I would make a snowman. →Should it snow tomorrow, I would make a snowman.
3.If you had followed my advice, you would be better now. →Had you followed my advice,you would be better now.
22.In the past, if someone like me had failed to get into university through the college exam, he ___________ no chance of getting a degree.
A.would have B.had C.had had D.would have had 【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:在过去,如果像我这样的人没有通过考试考上大学,他就没有机会获得学位。
根据“In the past, if someone like me had failed to get into university through the college exam”可知,此处表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句谓语用had+过去分词,主句谓语用would/could/should/might+过去分词,故D项正确。
23.—How marvelous our life is with so many digital devices!
—Yes. I bet our life________the same without them.
A.isn't B.can't be C.won't be D.wouldn't be
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:——有这么多数码设备,我们的生活真是太奇妙了。
——是的。
我
打赌如果没有它们,我们的生活就不一样了。
由without判断此处是含蓄虚拟语气,且与现在的事实相反,故用would + do/be,故选D项。
【点睛】
本句考查含蓄虚拟语气
含蓄虚拟语气里常会出现without, but for, otherwise, were if not for等词,例如:
Without your help, I couldn't have passed the driving test yesterday.没有你的帮助,我就不可
能通过昨天的驾考。
Thanks for your advice, otherwise I wouldn't have lost weight successfully.多亏了你的建议,否则我就不会成功减肥了。
24.Many people _________ from sickness or even small wounds had penicillin not been available.
A.would die B.would have died C.may die D.may have died
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:如果没有青霉素,许多人可能会死于疾病甚至小伤口。
分析句意可知,此句是一个虚拟语气,根据句中的“had penicillin not been available”可知,此句是对过去的虚拟,故其主语的谓语动词应用“should/would/might/could+have+过去分词”。
结合选项,故选B。
25.If it__________ for the joint efforts made by the whole nation, we couldn't have contained the coronavirus in such a short time.
A.hadn't been. B.shouldn’t have been.C.hasn't been.
D.wouldn't be.
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:如果没有全国人民的共同努力,我们不可能在这么短的时间内遏制住冠状病毒。
与过去事实相反的假设。
其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他;主句:主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他。
故选A。
26.The manager’s order was that the names______ to in his report _______ to Mr Brown immediately.
A.referred; be e-mailed B.referring; should be e-mailed C.referred; were e-mailed D.was referred; must be e-mailed
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词和虚拟语气。
句意:经理的命令是把报告中提到的名字立即用电子邮件发给布朗先生。
第一空使用非谓语动词,names与refer to之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示被动,用过去分词作后置定语;第二空使用虚拟语气(order后的表语从句要用should do的虚拟语气,其中should可省略),又因names与e-mail之间是被动关系,用被动语态,故A项正确。
27.On AIDS Day, the minister of Health Department advised that the problems ________ paid special attention to.
A.referred to being B.referred to be C.refer to being D.refer to be
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词和虚拟语气。
句意:在艾滋病日,卫生部长建议提到的的这些问题都要被特别关注。
分析句子可知,refer to作后置定语修饰the problems ,the problems和refer to 是被动关系,要用过去分词形式;因为主句的谓语动词是advise,宾语从句用虚拟语气,符合(should)do sth.的结构,should可以省略,其后the problems和pay attention to是被动关系,be动词用原形。
故选B项。
28.My adviser recommended that I ______for advanced literature because I like English. A.sign up B.signed up C.was signed up D.am signing up
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:我的指导老师建议我报名参加高级文学,因为我喜欢英语。
主句中谓语动词“recommend(建议)”后面跟宾语从句,从句要用虚拟语气,谓语动词为“(should)+动词原形”;再根据从句主语“I”与“sign up fo r (报名参加)”应该是主动关系,所以该空应该填(should) sign up,should可以省略。
故选A。
【点睛】
29.If it ________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
A.had not been B.should not be
C.were not D.should not have been
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:要不是那天他的邀请,我现在就不会在这里了。
A. had not been(过去完成时) B. should not be(情态动词)C. were not(一般过去时态) D. should not have been(should not have done不应该做,但是做了)。
主句“I should not be here now.”表达的是与现在事实相反的情况;而根据if从句中表示过去的时间状语“the other day前些日子”可知,此处表达的应该是与过去事实相反的情况,所以要使用过去完成时。
故选A项。
30.I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she , she would have met my brother
A.has come B.did come
C.come D.had come
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:我没有在会上见到你妹妹。
如果她来了,她会遇见我哥哥的。
if 引导的虚拟条件句,与过去事实相反的假设。
主句谓语动词形式would/could/might/should have done,条件从句的谓语动词形式had done。
故D选项正确。
【点睛】
If 引导的虚拟条件句
本句表示与过去事实相反的假设。
主句谓语动词形式would/could/might/should have done,条件从句的谓语动词形式had done。
故D选项正确。