高中英语考点专题11 语法填空(说明文)(解析版)

专题11 语法填空（说明文）
1.【2019·全国I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been
___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are. Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six
___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】61. that 62. poorly 63. of/for 64. to perform 65. have reported
66. belief 67. noting 68. higher 69. the 70. are
【解析】本文为科普类说明文。

文章向我们介绍了目前北极熊的生存现状。

近年来，在人类居住的地方看到北极熊的次数有所增加，这导致人们错误地认为北极熊的数量在上升，可事实并非如此。

61. that 考查名词性从句。

根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence内容，故填that。

62. poorly 考查形容词副词。

分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。

故填poorly。

63. of/about 考查介词。

此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，methods of/for doing sth. 意为“……的方法”。

故填of/for。

64. to perform考查非谓语动词。

主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语（主语+be +adj. + to do）。

句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，且在如此大区域内持续采用是很昂贵的。

故填to perform。

65. have reported 考查动词时态。

根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，句中需用现在完成时态。

故填have reported。

66. belief考查词性转换。

由其前不定冠词和其后that引导的同位语从句可知，空格处需填名词形式。

故填
belief。

67. noting 考查非谓语动词。

介词by后填动名词形式，此处表示主动故填noting。

句意：对此，科学家们的回应是饥饿的熊可能正聚集在人类聚居地的周围。

note在此处为动词，意为“指出”。

68. higher 考查形容词比较级。

根据其后than they actually are可知，此处需用形容词的比较级，故填higher。

69. the 考查定冠词。

此处特指“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”。

故填定冠词the。

70. are 考查主谓一致。

根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故需用复数谓语，时态为一般现在时。

故填are。

2.【2019·浙江】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ___56___ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ___60___ (easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not clear. One study
in America found that students' grades ___62___ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are ___65___ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
【答案】56. has/will have 57. the 58. that/which 59. cycling 60. easily 61. to
62. improved 63. to wear 64. connection/connections 65. traditional
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了穿校服的各种好处。

56. has/will have考查动词的时态和主谓一致。

本文通篇以一般现在时为主。

分析句子结构可知，主语是nobody，所以谓语动词用has。

同时根据When引导的时间状语从句谓语动词用一般现在时态可知，主句也可以用一般将来时will have。

57. the 考查冠词。

根据same可知，前面一定用the，表示“同样的衣服样式”。

58. that/which 考查定语从句。

分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是定语从句，先行词为a piece of cloth，且定语从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词that/which。

59．cycling 考查非谓语动词。

根据上文walking和or可知，此处需要与walking结构一致的现在分词，故填cycling。

60．easily 考查副词。

根据句中can see them可知，需要easy的副词形式来修饰动词，故填easily。

【易错点拨】注意easy的副词是easily，而不是easely或写成easyly。

61．to 考查介词。

分析句子结构可知，此处是the answer to the question结构，表示“问题的答案”，故用介词to。

62. improved 考查谓语动词。

根据空前的谓语动词found可知，此处that引导的是宾语从句，而从句中缺少谓语动词，同时根据found可知，时态是过去时态，故填improved。

【易错点拨】注意improved表示“提高、改进”，此处是主动形式，而不要写成were improved。

63．to wear 考查非谓语动词。

分析句子结构可知，此处为不定式作want后面的宾语，故用to wear。

【知识拓展】非谓语动词作状语时，doing通常表示与主语同时发生且是主动关系；done表示与主语之间是被动关系；having done表示该动作先于主句的动作发生且与主语之间是主动关系；to do通常表示目的。

64. connection/connections 考查名词。

根据no可知，后面需要connect的名词形式，语意表示“联系、连接”，故填connection/connections。

65. traditional 考查形容词。

分析句子结构可知，空处作are后面的表语，所以需要tradition的形容词形式traditional，表示“传统的”。

3.【2018·全国I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ___61___(long) than
non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long___62___(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___63___ (die) early by running. While running regularly cann't make you live forever, the review says it ___64___ (be) more effective at lengthening life___65___ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014___66___showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___67___(cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid kn ee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to___68___(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always___69___(energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give___70___a try.
【答案】61. longer 62. to see 63. dying 64. is 65. than 66. that \which 67. causes 68. strengthen 69. energetic 70. it \running
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。

文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们延年益寿。

61. 考查副词的比较级。

医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。

根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。

62. 考查不定式作目的状语。

你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。

此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。

63. 考查动名词。

你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。

此处of是介词，其后用动名词。

故填dying。

64. 考查动词的时态。

医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。

这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。

故填is。

65. 考查比较句型。

跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。

根据文章中的more effective可知此处填than。

66. 考查定语从句的关系词。

此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。

67. 考查名词复数。

一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。

根据句意用复数形式。

故填causes。

68. 考查词形变化。

锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。

此处to是不定式符合，其后用动词原形。

故填strengthen。

69. 考查词形变化。

跑步总是让人充满活力的。

根据it’s可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。

故填energetic。

70. 考查代词或名词的用法。

我们都应该试试跑步。

此处give it a try意为：试试。

此处it可以指running。

故填it或running。

点睛：本文比较难的一个题是10题。

短语give it a try不容易想出来。

give a try试试。

Give sb sth；give sth to sb这些短语学生都很清楚。

但give后加it或sth的形式，比较少见。

高考复习要尽可能多的复习相关的短语，尤其是用的比较多，而课本中出现较少的短语。

4.【2018·全国II】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice
___64___ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water ___65___ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___67___ (globe)fertilizer
consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen V oegele.
【答案】61. has grown 62. the 63. actually 64. to improve 65. than 66. pollution
67. global 68. started 69. that/which 70. feeding
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。

文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名认识的认可。

61. 考查时态。

since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。

句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。

故填has grown。

62. 考查冠词。

句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。

故是特指在过去的25年里。

故填the。

63. 考查副词。

句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。

句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。

故填actually。

64. 考查非谓语动词。

句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。

没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。

此处表示目的，故用不定式。

故填to improve。

65. 考查连词。

句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。

根据关键词less可知，填比较连词。

故填than。

66. 考查词性转换。

句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。

has decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。

67. 考查词性转换。

句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。

fertilizer consumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。

故填global。

68. 考查谓语动词。

句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。

本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。

故填started。

69. 考查定语从句关系词。

根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。

指物用that/which，故填that或者which。

70. 考查省略句。

句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。

这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。

空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了China is，省略句的原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、，让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。

故填feeding。

点睛：学会分析句子成分。

The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 - when the government started a soil-testing program which /that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 这句话中有两个定语从句。

一个是关系副词when引导的定语从句，先行词是2005，the government是主语，a soil-testing program是宾语，故此空缺少谓语动词，我们可以看出时态是一般过去时。

另一个是关系代词指代program引导的定语从句，先行词是program，gives是第三人称谓语动词，可以看出是考查关系词。

代指物并作主语，关系词要用that/which。

5.[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

There has been a recent trend in the food service industry towards lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61.________ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62.________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63.________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64.________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 65.________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66.________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67.________ (be) full of fat and salt; by 68.________ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69.________ (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70.________ is not good for the health.
【答案】61. as62. effects63. to process64. are removed65. a66. worse67. is68. eating 69. careful70. which
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。

文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。

脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会受到损害。

61. as考查介词。

这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。

as表示“作为”，故填as。

62. effects考查名词复数。

分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些意料之外的副作用”，根据前文的some可知副作用有很多，故填effects。

63. to process考查不定式。

需要它们来加工我们所吃的食物。

require表示“要求”，require to do sth表示“要求做某事”，被动形式为be required to do sth，表示“被要求做某事”。

故填to process。

64. are removed考查被动语态。

此处意思是“当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉后”。

分析可知fat，salt和remove
之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。

故填are removed。

65. a考查冠词。

固定短语as a result表示“结果是”。

结果是，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。

故填a。

66. worse考查比较级。

更糟糕的是，人们所吃的快餐的数量增加了。

故填worse。

67. is考查主谓一致。

fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。

故填is。

68. eating考查动名词。

根据前文中的by可知此处应该填eat的动名词形式。

故填eating。

69. careful考查形容词。

分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。

70. which考查非限制性定语从句。

分析句子结构可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的to have too much of both，即“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。

故填which。

6. [2017·全国卷Ⅱ]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometres and allowed people to avoid terrible 61.________ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62.________ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 63.________ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64.________ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines 65.________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66.________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using 67.________ every day.
Later, engineers 68.________ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 69.________ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 70.________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
【答案】61. crowds62. from63. laying64. the65. were used66. fairly67. it68. managed 69. introduction70. successful
【解析】文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。

本文主要讲述了伦敦地铁的发展史。

61. crowds考查名词复数。

伦敦人口众多，导致路面交通拥堵，于是修建地铁。

用crowds这一复数形式，表示不断涌现的人群，用来形容人口稠密。

62. from考查介词。

与前面的介词to一起来表示上下班(to and from work)。

63. laying考查非谓语动词。

此处用lay的动名词形式laying与前面的digging形成并列。

该词填空难度较大，若考生未辨明lie—lying/lay/lain和lay—laying/laid/laid等特殊词形变化会导致错误。

64. the考查冠词。

此处特指铁轨上方的顶部工程。

65. were used考查动词语态。

蒸汽机(注意复数名词形式)被用来作为火车动力。

66. fairly考查副词。

副词修饰形容词。

67. it考查代词。

it指代伦敦地铁。

68. managed考查动词时态。

描述地铁发展演变过程用过去时态。

69. introduction考查名词。

该词在此作with的宾语，意思是“引入方法、手段”等。

由于其后带有介词of，故只能用introduction。

70. successful考查形容词。

形容词与定冠词连用，相当于名词，由于该词后有介词of结构，故只能用形容词。

7.(2017·浙江11月高考)
Easy Ways to Build V ocabulary
It’s not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life, it’s 1. ongoing process, and the best part of the process is that there’s enough room for improvement, 2.means you ll just keep getting better and better. Of course you have to wor k at it. You wouldn’t think that a few 3. (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough 4.the rest of your life, and that’s also true for building your vocabulary — you have to keep at it daily, and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.
One of the 5.(effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books. You need to 6.(real) read at least one good book a week, preferably a classic. This isn t as hard as it 7.(sound), and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while 8.(read) an interesting piece of literature. Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and 9.(they) use unconsciously, meaning that you will tend to use the words 10.(learn) this way in conversations almost automatically.
【答案】1.an 2.which 3.months 4.for 5.effective 6.really7.sounds8.reading9.their 10.learned / learnt
【解析】本文讲述了扩大词汇量的简易方法。

1.an由语境可知此处用不定冠词an表示泛指。

2.which分析句子结构可知,空格处所填的词指代逗号前的there s enough room for improvement,which在句中为关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中作主语。

3.months month为可数名词,由a few可知month应用复数形式。

4.for be enough for sth意为“对……来说已足够”。

5.effective此处要表达的是“有效的方法之一”,因此填形容词。

6.really此处应用副词修饰不定式to read。

7.sounds本句意为“这件事并不像听起来那么难”,描述的是一般事实,且主语为it,因此用sound的第三人称单数形式。

8.reading逻辑主语you与动词read为主动关系,故用现在分词reading ... 作状语;也可视为状语从句while you are reading... 的省略形式。

9.their use在此处是名词,故用形容词性物主代词their作定语。

10.learned / learnt learned / learnt作后置定语修饰words,表示“已学过的词”, words与learn是被动的关系,因此用过去分词。

8.【2016·全国新课标II】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of 41 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 42 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43 (be) often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 45 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 49 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 50 (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
【答案】41. greater 42. achievement 43. is 44. on 45. as
46. studies 47. regularly 48. a 49. to bring 50. make
【解析】本文属于说明，告诉我们当工作压力太大的时候，应该怎么做来合理释放压力。

41.greater 考查比较级。

本空所填之词和比较级less是并列关系，使用相同的比较级形式greater。

42.achievement 考查名词。

横线前面有介词of，横线上要使用名词achievement作为of的宾语。

句意：首先处理重要的事情，那么你会有成就感。

43.is 考查句子结构和主谓一致。

本句中单个动名词短语“Leaving.....tomorrow”在句中做主语，谓语动词使用
单数形式，所以使用is。

44.on 考查固定搭配。

形容词短语be focused on集中于....；很多人早晨对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。

45.as 考查固定搭配。

短语as...as....和...一样；正是因为人们早晨的注意力更为集中，所以我们要早起，要和午饭之前一样的高效率。

46.studies 考查名词单复数。

本句的谓语动词是show，说明主语是复数名词studies。

47.regularly 考查副词。

在英语副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。

所以本句中使用副词regularly做状语修饰动词take short breaks。

48.a 考查固定短语。

介词短语for a while一会；本句是指通过锻炼或做一些你喜欢的事情，让你的身体和思维休息一会。

49.to bring 考查形容词短语。

形容词短语be likely to do sth可能做某事；你就不太可能把工作带回家去做，因为你找到了你喜欢做的事情。

50.make 考查祈使句。

本句中动词短语make sure放在句首，构成祈使句。

句意：要保证它是让你释放压力，而不是让你担忧的事。

9.【2016·全国新课标III】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

In much of Asia, especially the so-called ＂rice bowl＂cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 41 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 42 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create) special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 44 (use) twigs(树枝)to remove it. Over time, 45 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 46 (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 47 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 48 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 49 (be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 50 their hands.
【答案】
41. and42. be made43. to create44. using45. as/when46. gradually47. who48. development49. were50. with
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了亚洲一些国家中的吃饭工具筷子。

41. and考查并列连词。

这里列举了一些亚洲的国家，它们是并列关系，故填and。

42.be made考查固定词组。

sth be made of精美的筷子可能非由金或银制成的筷子莫属。

…某物由......制成，情态动词后跟动词原形，故填be made。

43. to create考查不定式作目的状语。

技术娴熟的工人会把各种各样的硬质木材和金属结合起来，以创造出特殊风格的筷子。

这里用不定式表目的，故填to create。

ing考查现在分词作伴随状语。

人们可能使用大锅煮食物，用树枝把锅移开，use的逻辑主语是people，两者是主动关系，用现在分词表示伴随状况，故填using。

45.as/when考查时间状语从句。

句意：随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样可以煮得快一点，这里是时间状语从句，when意为“当……时候”，后跟长动作或短动作，故填as／when。

46.gradually考查副词。

副词修饰动词或形容词，这里修饰动词短语turned into，应该用副词，故填gradually。

47. who考查非限制性定语从句。

剧中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填who。

48.development考查词性转换。

the＋名词＋of，意为“……的……”，这里指“筷子的发展”，故填development。

49. were考查时态。

根据句意可知，这里指的是刀子因太暴力而不适合在餐桌上使用，believed后跟一个宾语从句，and连接了两个并列的谓语，主语knives是复数，根据时态一致的原则，这里用一般过去时，故填were。

50. with考查介词。

句意：在印度，大部分人还是用传统的吃饭方法－－用手拿，with＋表示具体工具的名词，故填with。

考点：名词；介词；副词；并列连词；非谓语动词；定语从句；状语从句
10.【2016·上海】(B)
Stress: Good or Bad?
Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.
In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to
exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient or(38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.
To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.
【答案】
33. has been regarded 34. that 35. better 36. a 37. you 38. annoyed 39. control 40. to get
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，压力成为了我们生活中常见的一个词汇。

文章告诉我们一定范围之内的压力能促进我们的工作，但一旦压力过大，就会给我们的生活带来很多负面的影响。

33. has been regarded 考查时态语态。

本句的时间状语是in recent years最近几年以来，该时间状语通常和现在完成时连用，且句子主语stress与动词regard构成被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态形式has been regarded。

34. that 考查强调句型。

强调句型的基本结构为It is/was被强调成分that/who其它成分；其最大的特点就是去掉it is/was…that/who…句子仍然成立。

要注意强调句型能强调除谓语动词以为的所有的句子成分。

本句强调的是句子主语only too much stress。

35. better 考查固定句式“The+比较级.....，the+比较级”意为“越....就越.....”。

本句句意：你承受的压力越大，你的表现就会越好。

所以本空使用good的比较级形式better.
36. a 考查固定短语。

短语a number of许多，大量；该形容词短语通常做定语修饰可数名词复数形式，本句中使用a number of修饰可数名词复数形式questions。

37. you 考查上下文串联。

句意：例如，你是否感觉到对你期待得太多了？本句的主语是you，所以仍然使用宾格you作为介词of的宾语。

38. annoyed 考查形容词。

形容词annoyed恼怒的，该词是由过去分词转换而来的形容词，通常修饰人。

本句中该词和impatient构成并列关系一起和系动词get构成系表结构。

39. control 考查固定搭配。

动词短语had better do sth最好做某事；“had better”是情态动词，后面要接动词原形。

40. to get 考查形容词短语。

形容词短语be likely to do sth可能做某事；句意：如果你生活中的压力超过150，你就非常有可能生病了。