浅谈艺术类工业设计专业毕业生的就业

摘要：自2000年以来，报考艺术类的美术考生愈来愈多。

在这些艺术类考生中，除报考“视觉转达”、“环境艺术设计”、“动画设计”和“服装设计”等专业的，还有很多报考了“工业设计”那个专业。

时隔几年，那个专业的很多学生毕业了，那么，在学校他们究竟学到了哪些课程知识?毕业以后又都到了哪里?就业率如何呢?本文就这些问题，从个人、企业和社会的角度进行研究分析，以提出提高工业设计专业毕业生就业率的计谋。

关键词：艺术类工业设计方法就业状况
引言
在我国就业问题与劳动力市场和劳动力需求有关，但我以为还需要考虑到产业结构与就业结构是不是能够和谐进展的问题。

当中国的某些高校在利益经济的差遣下，无穷地对艺术生进行扩招的时候，就业问题就成了国民关注的头等问题。

在2007年2月13日，温总理就“关于我国应大力进展工业设计的建议”做出了重要指示“要高度重视工业设计”。

尔后，商家争先恐后地进行企业文化改革，以工业设计为企业核心竞争手腕，试图通过工业设计增进企业产品创新、树立企业品牌、增加附加值和提升市场竞争力。

市场上电子产品推陈出新，一代比一代强。

下文就当前艺术类工业设计专业毕业生就业存在的问题进行分析，就提高艺术类工业设计专业就业率展开探讨。

一、当前艺术类工业设计专业毕业生的就业状况
本人是2020级艺术类工业设计专业学生，通过对母校多届毕业生的调查，当前的状况无疑是难以令人乐观，要紧表此刻以下几个方面。

1.1 从事与设计相关专业人数较多
通过四年的学习，毕业后只有寥寥无几的学生选择了进入工业设计公司，从事工业设计工作。

30%的学生选择从事平面设计，做淘宝美化工作者和电子商务运营。

20%～30%的人选择室内装璜，从事成效图设计。

2%的学生从事展现设计，策划和布置展位。

以上这些职位，都和工业设计有或多或少的联系。

下面那个职位，与工业设计也隐藏着必然的因缘――销售岗。

3%的毕业生转行进入了销售行列，他们也在运用自己所学过的知识，给客户讲解自己对产品的另类观点。

1.2 南方对工业设计的需求量远远超过北方
事实上，在我国南北方工业设计的进展是十分不均衡的。

我国北方以重工业为主，南方以轻工业为主。

轻工业在企业新产品研发的时候，工业设计是其中重要的一环。

重工业多数都是旧产品的改良，多半机械设计师单独就能够够完成。

工业设计在南方设计公司应用的广度和深度明显优于北方。

1.3 南、北方弄设计，工资差距大
北方对工业设计的需求量小，工业设计专业学生多，供过于求，在市场经济的作用下，北方工业设计专业毕业生的工资多在3500元-6000元之间。

南方由于经济高速进展，工业设计专业的毕业生工资范围是5000元-8000元。

在北方从事工业设计的学生工资待遇普遍比南方低2000元-3000元。

二、解决方法和途径
2.1 工业设计的毕业生全面提高自己的专业素养
在大学期间，不抛弃自己的专业本领――手绘技术。

应做到任何时候，拿起绘画笔都能收放自如，手不生不硬。

同时还要增强一些设计软件的把握，如3D的建模软件Alias、CATIA、Rhino等;2D的一些平面软件，如Adobe Photoshop、Adobe Illustrator、Adobe InDesign等。

四年期间，抽出2个-4个假期进行设计实
习，使自己对设计进程、生产制造和工艺进行了解，提高自己对新产品的研发爱好，增强自身的学习能力，了解各部门分工。

只有如此通过自己的勤奋尽力，才不至于毕业后眼高手低，一问三不知。

2.2 企业放宽要求，增强对工业设计毕业生的培训
企业在招聘工业设计师时，老是提出如此的要求：(1)酷爱生活，有较强责任心;(2)工业设计或相关艺术设计专业，二年以上工作体会;(3)能独立承担团队建设和项目的治理，熟悉设计各个环节;(4)在设计上具有灵敏的观看、判定能力、创新能力、独到的观点及对新鲜事物的洞察力、能准确把握客户需求和市场导向;(5)熟练运用工业设计相关软件，能够完成平面成效图或三维成效图，熟练把握成效图的渲染手法;(6)手绘基础良好，能用手绘的方式做通畅的设计表达与交流。

其中(1)、(5)、(6)是学生在校期间通过学习能够很容易达到的。

(2)、(3)、(4)就让一些学生望尘莫及了。

艺术类工业设计的学生，在假期找实习的时候，公司除给一些打杂的职位，设计职位是很吝啬给予的。

每一个设计都是一个工程，可不能短时间轻率完成，由于学生假期短，企业担忧刚把学生培育出来，就开学走人了，给自己带来必然的人力财力的损失。

这些缘故就造成了工业设计的学生一毕业就无法达到设计公司的要求，面对生活的压力，只好把设计职位之外的工作也列入就业行列当中。

因此设计公司面临着情愿出高薪资也找不到心仪的设计师。

为了幸免恶心循环，每一个企业都应该从大局动身，踊跃吸纳实习生，增强培训学习，如此毕业生在毕业后才能更好地达到企业的要求，为自己找到更适合的职位。

为企业制造更好的效益。

2.3 社会多给予关注关切
中国要从“制造大国”到“设计大国”进行转变，就要前所未有的高度重视工业设计。

工业设计具有多学科交叉知识密集和技术密集的特点，政府要多出台一些帮助工业设计快速进展的政策。

例如设计企业在税收方面享受到一些减免的政策。

不仅如此，在设计产业结构上也应该进行必然的调整。

三、结语
总之，我国的工业设计还处于一个初期探讨时期，有很多东西还要学习借鉴发达国家的成功设计案例。

为了提高我国在国际上的综合竞争力，不管是企业仍是个人，都要高度重视工业设计，为咱们立于世界之巅奉献出自己的一份力量。

作为一个艺术类的工业设计学生，必然要理论结合实际，开拓思维，尽力创新!作为一个企业，必然要想方设法地为艺术类工业设计的学生提供职位，让他们在设计的舞台上大放光荣。

Pick to: since 2000, more and more fine arts examinee enter oneself for an examination the arts. In these arts examinee enter oneself for an examination in addition to "visual communication", "the environment art design", "animation design" and "fashion design" professional, there are a lot of "industrial design" this major to enter oneself for an examination. After a few years, many students graduated from this major, so, what are they learned what courses in school? Where after graduation? The employment rate? These problems are presented in this paper, from the perspective of individual, enterprise and society research and analysis, in order to improve the employment rate of graduates in industrial design countermeasures are put forward.
Keywords: arts industrial design measures for employment
The introduction
In our country's employment problems related to the Labour market and demand for Labour, but I think you also need to consider the coordinated development of industry structure and employment structure whether can issue. When some of the universities in the interests of the Chinese economy driven indefinitely for art students enrollment expansion, the employment problem has become the national first class problem. On February 13, 2007, premier wen jiabao on "Suggestions for our country should vigorously develop industrial design" made important instructions "to attach great importance to industrial design". Since then, the businessman scrambling to corporate culture reform, the industrial design for the enterprise core competition means, trying to promote enterprise product innovation by industrial design, sets up the enterprise brand, adding value and market competitiveness. Electronic products on the market, generation than a generation. Below is the current art industrial design graduates employment analysis of existing problems, to explore advance
industrial art design professional employment.
One, the employment of the current state of the art industrial design graduates
I am a level 2020 arts industrial design students, through the survey of Alma mater more graduates, the current situation is difficult to make people optimistic, mainly manifested in the following respects.
1.1 engaged in the design related professional high Numbers
After four years of study, after graduation, only few of the students chose to enter industrial design company, engaged in industrial design. 30% of students do engaged in graphic design, taobao beautification workers and e-commerce operations. 20% ~ 30% of people choose indoor decoration, engaged in rendering design. 2% of the students engaged in display design, planning and layout of the booth. Above these positions, and industrial design have more or less. Below this position, and industrial design also lurks a certain karma - sales. 3% of graduates turned into sales, they also use their learned knowledge, to customers for the product of alternative ideas.
1.2 the demand for industrial design is far more than the north south
In fact, in the north and the south of the development of industrial design is very uneven. In north China is given priority to with heavy industry, the south is given priority to with light industry. Light industry in the enterprise new product development, industrial design is one of the important link. Most of the heavy industry are mostly old product improvement, mechanical designer can be completed individually. Industrial design and design company in the south is obviously better than the application of the breadth and depth of the north.
1.3 south, north, designs the pay gap is big
Small north, the demand for industrial design, industrial design students, supply exceeds demand, the market economy, under the action of the northern industrial design graduates in 3500 yuan more - 6000 yuan between. The south due to the rapid economic development, industrial design graduates salary range is 5000 yuan - 5000 yuan. In the north is engaged in the industrial design students pay treatment is generally 2000 yuan - 3000 yuan lower than the south.Second, the measures and solutions
2.1 industrial design graduates to improve their professional accomplishment
During the period of university, not abandon their own professional skills, hand techniques. Should be done at any time, picked up a pen painting can be freely, hand not hard. The master some design software should be strengthened at the same time, such as 3 d modeling software Alias, CATIA, Rhino, etc; 2 d graphic software, such as Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator, Adobe InDesign, etc. During the four years, take 2 to 4 holiday to carry on the design practice, make oneself to understand design process, production and process, improve their interest in research and development of new products, strengthen their own ability to learn, understand each department division of labor. Only in this way through their own hard work, not only after graduation. Nowadays, random individual. Enterprise 2.2 relaxed requirement, strengthen the training of industrial design graduates Enterprises in the recruitment industrial designer, he always put forward such a request: (1) the love life, have a strong sense of responsibility; (2) industrial design or related art design major, at least 2 years working experience; (3) can independently team construction and project management, familiar with design each link; (4) in the design has a keen observation and judgment ability, innovation ability, original ideas and insights into the new things, can accurately grasp the customer demand and market orientation; (5) skillfully use industrial design software, can complete plane or rendering 3 d rendering, mastering rendering rendering technique; (6) hand-painted foundation is good, can do hand-painted way unblocked design expression and communication. One (1), (5), (6) is the student during the period of school can easily reach by learning. (2), (3), (4) let some students dust. Arts students of industrial design, at the time of holiday to find an internship, the position of the company in addition to some odd jobs, design position is very stingy to give. Every design is a project, not short-term hasty completion, because the student holiday short, companies worry that just came out of the students, the school to go, to give yourself the loss of human and financial resources. These reasons caused the industrial design students graduate can't meet the requirements of design company, in the face of the pressure of the life, had to design position outside of work is also included in the employment. Thus design companies face are willing to pay a high salary also can not find the right designer. In order to avoid a vicious circle, every
enterprise should set out from overall situation, actively recruit interns, strengthen the training and study, so that graduates can better meet the needs of enterprises after graduation, find a more suitable job for yourself. Create a better benefit for the enterprise.
2.3 the society give more attention to care about
China to "manufacturing power" to "design power shift," will be unprecedented attaches great importance to industrial design. Industrial design is a multidisciplinary cross knowledge-intensive and technology-intensive characteristics, more government issued some policies for the rapid development of industrial design. Such as design enterprises enjoy some relief policies on taxes. Not only that, on the design of the industrial structure also should undertake certain adjustment. Three, endnotes
In short, China's industrial design is still in an early exploration stage, there are a lot of things need to learn from the successful design case of developed countries. In order to improve the comprehensive competitiveness of our country in the world, whether enterprise or individual, should attach great importance to industrial design, as we stand at the top of the world contribute an own strength. As an art of industrial design students, theory must be combined with practice, development thinking, innovative efforts! As a business, must to one thousand jobs for art industrial design students, let them puts glorious greatly in the design stage.。