补全短文-第六篇 施肥致死

第六篇Dung〔粪肥〕to Death
Fields aross Europe are contaminate d〔污染〕with dangerous levels of the antibiotic s〔抗生素〕given to farrn animals. The drug s〔药物〕, which are in manure〔肥料〕spray ed〔喷射〕onto fields as fertilizer s〔肥料〕, could be get tng into our food and water, helping to create a new generation 〔代、时代〕of antibiotic-resistant "superbugs".
The warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at levels of the drugs in farm slurry（泥浆）. His findings are particularly（特别地）shocking（令人震惊的）because Switzerland is one of the few countries to have banned（禁止）antibiotics as growth promoters（促进者）in animal feed.
Some 20 ,000 tons of antibiotics are used in the European Union and the US each year more than half are given to farm-animals to prevent disease and promote〔促进〕growth.But recent research has found a direct link between the increased use of these farmyard drugs and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs that infect （感染、传染）people.
Most researchers assume d〔假设〕that humans become infecte d〔传染〕with the resistant〔有抵抗力的、顽固的〕strains〔家族〕by eatiing contaminated meat. But far more of the drugs end up in manure than in meat products , says Stephen Mueller of the Swiss Federal〔联邦的〕Institute〔学院〕for Environmental〔环境的〕Science and Technology in Dubendorf. And manure contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistant to antibiotics, he says.
With millions of tons of animals manure spread onto fields of crops such as wheat〔小麦〕and barley〔大麦〕each year，this pathway seems an equally〔相等地〕likely route〔途径、路〕for spreading resistance , he said. The drugs contaminate the crops , which are then eaten.They could also be leaching（过滤）into tap（自来水）water pumped（泵送）from rocks beneath（在…下方）fertilized fields..
Mueller is particularly concerne d〔涉及〕about a group of antibiotics called sulphonamides.hey do not easily degrade〔降低〕or dissolve〔溶解〕in water.His
analysis found that Swiss farm manure contains a high percentage〔百分率〕of sulphonamides〔磺胺类药物〕；each hectare〔公顷〕of field could be contaminated with up to l kilogram〔公斤〕of the drugs. This cuncentration〔浓度〕is high enough to trigger〔引发〕the development of resistance〔抵抗、抗力〕among bacteria. But vet s 〔兽医〕are not treat ing〔处理〕the issue〔问题〕seriously〔严肃地〕.
There is growing concern（关心）at the extent（程度）to which drugs , including antibiotics,are polluting(污染) the environment. Many drugs given to humans are also excrete d（排泄）unchanged and are not broken down by conventional〔传统的、平常的〕sewage〔污水〕treatment〔处理〕.
练习：
A They do not easily degrade〔降低〕or dissolve〔溶解〕in water.
B And manure contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistant to antibiotics, he says.
C Animal antibiotics is ssill an area to which insufficient attention has been paid.
D But recent research has found a direct link between the increased use of these farmyard drugs and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs that infect people.
E His findings are particularly shocking because Switzerland. is one of the few countries to have banned antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed.
F They could also be leaching into tap water pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields.
第六篇施肥致死
欧洲田野被浓度危险的牲畜抗生素所污染。

这些肥料中的药物被喷洒到田野上当作肥料，它们可以进入我们的食物和水中，促进产生新一代对抗生素有抗药性的“超级病菌”。

这个警告来自瑞士的一个研究者，他关注农场泥浆中药物的浓度。

他的发现非常令人震惊，因为瑞士是少数的几个禁止把抗生素作为动物饲料催长剂的国家之一。

每年大约有2万吨的抗生素被用于欧盟和美国。

其中一半以上被用于牲畜防病和促进生长。

但是最近的研究发现了这种农业药物的增加使用和感染人类的对抗抗生素药性的病毒之间的直接联系。

大部分研究者假设人类吃了受到污染的肉也会传染上这种有抗药性的菌株。

但是杜本多弗的环境科学和技术瑞士联邦学院的Stephen Mueller说，这种药物最后留在肥料中的比在肉制品中的多得多。

他说肥料中含有特别高浓度的抗抗生
素药性的病菌。

他说，随着每年上百万吨的动物肥料被喷洒到小麦和大麦等谷物的田地里，这一途径似乎同样可能传播抗药性。

这些药物污染谷物，然后这些谷物被食用。

它们还有可能渗透到从施肥后的田地下的岩石中抽上来的自来水里。

Mueller对叫作磺胺的抗生素群感到尤其担心。

它们不容易降解或溶解于水。

他的分析发现瑞士的农业肥料含有高比例的磺胶；每公顷土地被1千克的这种药剂所污染。

这一浓度高得足以促使细菌形成抗药性。

但是兽医们并没有严肃地对待这一问题。

人们越来越关心包括抗生素的这些药物在多大程度上污染环境。

许多人类服用的药物也未经改变地被排泄出来，而且没有被传统的污水处理系统分解。