2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：86

2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖
析AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
The waste pipe is blocked; try（）it out with hot water, or just call the plumber to do it.
问题1选项
A.flushing
B.blushing
C.brushing
D.crushing
【答案】A
【解析】考查形近词辨析。

A选项flush“发红，脸红，（用水）冲洗净，冲洗”；B选项blush“（因尴尬或害羞）脸红，（因某事）羞愧，尴尬”；C选项brush“（用刷子）刷净，刷亮”；D选项brush“压坏，压碎”。

由The waste pipe is blocked（污水管塞住了）可知A选项符合语义，表示用水冲洗。

句意：污水管塞住了，试着用热水冲洗，或者叫水管工来做。

2.
单选题
If only the committee （）the regulation and put them into effect as soon as possible.
问题1选项
A.approve
B.will approve
C.can approve
D.would approve
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。

if only表示“要是……就好了”，此处是对将来的虚拟，因此谓语动词用would/should/could/+动词原形，选D。

句意：如果委员会能批准这项条例并尽快付诸实施就好了。

3.
单选题
At three thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear, and there is never a moment when some distant mountain is not（）.
问题1选项
A.on view
B.at a glance
C.on the scene
D.in sight
【答案】D
【解析】考查词组辨析。

A选项on view“在展出，陈列着”；B选项at a glance“立刻，一眼就”；C 选项on the scene“在场，出现，到场”；D选项in sight“看得见，在视野内”。

分析“some distant mountain is not______”可知空格处的内容作表语，说明主语some distant mountain（远处的山脉），结合句意，可知D选项符合语境。

句意：在三千英尺的地方，宽阔的平原开始出现了，而且时刻可以看得见远处的山脉。

4.
单选题
It is well known that the retired workers in our country are （）free medical care.
问题1选项
A.entitled to
B.involved in
C.associated with
D.assigned to
【答案】A
【解析】考查词组辨析。

A选项entitled to“有权享有，有资格”；B选项involved in“涉及”；C选项associated with“参加，与……有关”；D选项assigned to“被分配给”。

根据free medical care （免费医疗）可知A选项符合语境。

句意：众所周知，我国退休职工享有免费医疗。

5.
翻译题
Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into Chinese.
Most societies derive consensus from a long history, a language all their own, a common religion, or common ancestry. The myths by which they live are based on all of these. But the United States is a country of immigrants, coming from a great variety of nations. Lately, it has been emphasized that an asocial narcissistic personality has become characteristic of Americans, and that it is this type of personality that makes for the lack of well-being, because it prevents us from achieving consensus that would counteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds. In this study of narcissism, Christopher Lash says that modern man, “tortured by self-consciousness, turns to new therapies not to free himself of his personal worries but to find meaning and purpose in life, to find something to live for.” There is widespread distress because national morale has declined, and we have lost an earlier sense of national vision and purpose.
【答案】大多数社会的共识来自于悠久的历史、一种完全属于自己的语言、一个共同的宗教或共同的祖先。

他们赖以生存的神话就是建立在所有这些基础之上的。

但是美国是一个移民国家，其移民来自许多不同的国家。

最近，有人强调，孤僻和自恋已经成为美国人的性格特征，正是这种性格导致了幸福感的缺乏，因为它阻止了我们达成共识，有了共识人们才不会再退缩到自我的小天地中。

在这项关于自恋的研究中，克里斯托弗•拉什认为现代人“受到自我意识的折磨，其解决办法不是从个人烦恼中解脱出来，而是在生活中找到意义和目的，并找到一生追求的东西。

”由于国民士气下降，人们普遍感到不安，我们也失去了早先对国家远景和目标的认识。

6.
单选题
If the building project（）by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.
问题1选项
A.being completed
B.is completed
C.to be completed
pleted
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。

从句中已有谓语动词is delayed，空格处为非谓语动词，排除B选项。

A选项being completed表示正在进行的被动；C选项to be completed表示将来的被动；D选项completed表示一般被动。

根据by the end of this month（到本月底）可知此处是对将来的假设，因此选C。

句意：如果这个建筑工程在本月底之前竣工的计划被推迟，该建筑公司将被罚款。

7.
单选题
Dr. Smith failed many times but he finally（）to find a successful way to solve the problem. 问题1选项
A.broke off
B.broke down
C.broke out
D.broke through
【答案】D
【解析】考查词组辨析。

A选项break off“（使）分离”；B选项break down“失败”；C选项break out“突然发生，爆发”；D选项break through“突围，突破”。

根据转折连词but可知句子前面表示转折关系，由failed many times（多次失败）与finally（最终）可知D选项符合语境。

句意：史密斯医生失败了很多次，但他最终突破了，找到了解决问题的成功方法。

8.
单选题
There used to be a threat here years ago, （）?
问题1选项
A.didn’t it
edn’t it
C.didn’t there use to
D.didn’t there
【答案】D
【解析】考查反义疑问句。

There be句型的反义疑问句必须用there进行反问，若be动词前没有其它情态动词或助动词修饰，则反义疑问句用be动词的适当形式，如be动词前有其它情态动词或助动词修饰，则反义疑问句用该情态动词或助动词的适当形式。

本题的反义疑问句部分为：usedn’t there或didn’t there，因此选D。

句意：几年前这里曾经有过威胁，不是吗？
9.
单选题
Your advice would be（）valuable to him, who is now at a loss as to what to do first.
问题1选项A.exceedingly
B.excessively
C.extensively
D.exclusively
【答案】A
【解析】考查形近词辨析。

A选项exceedingly“非常，极其”；B选项excessively“过度地”；C选项extensivel y“广大地，广泛地”；D选项exclusively“唯一地”。

根据valuable（很重要的，宝贵的）可知A选项最为恰当，表示“非常有价值”。

句意：你的建议对他非常有价值，因为他现在不知道该先做什么。

10.
单选题
The close relationship between poetry and music scarcely needs to be argued. Both are aural modes which employ rhythm, rhyme, and pitch as major devices; to these the one adds linguistic meaning, connotation, and various traditional figures, and the other can add, at least in theory, all of these plus harmony, counterpoint （对位）, and orchestration techniques. In English the two are closely bound historically. Anglo-Saxon heroic poetry seems certainly to have been read or chanted to a harpist’s （竖琴师）accompaniment; the verb used in Beowulf for such a performance, the Finn episode （逸事）,is singan, to sing, and the noun gyd, song.
A major source of the lyric tradition in English poetry is the songs of the troubadours. The distance between the gyd in Beowulf and the songs of Leonard Cohen or Bob Dylan may seem great, but is one of time rather than aesthetics. The lyric poem as a literary work and the lyrics of a popular song are both still essentially the same thing: poetry. Whether the title of the work be "Gerontion," or "You Ain't Nothin'. But a Hound Dog," our criteria for evaluating the work must remain the same.
The most important prerequisite （先决条件）for both a significant poem and significant lyrics in a popular song is that the writer be faithful to his own personal vision or to the vision of the poem he is writing. Skill and craft for writing poetry are indeed necessary because these are the only means by which a poet can preserve the integrity of this vision in the poem. A poet must not, either because of lack of skill or because of worship of popularity, wealth, or critical acclaim, go outside of his own or his own poem’s vision — on pain of writing only the derivative（派生物）or the trivial. Historically, the writers and singers of the lyrics of popular songs have seemed often to be incapable of personal vision, and to have confused both originality and morality with a servile（奴性的）compliance to popular taste.
1.According to the writer, the relationship between poetry and music（）.
2.Which of the following statements is true, according to the text?
3.In the text, the author focuses on（）.
问题1选项
A.is indisputable if you analyze history
B.is a debatable topic
C.needs to be acknowledged more by poets
D.can be made but in a limited way
问题2选项
A.The differences between poetry and song lyrics have been overstated.
B.Song lyrics and poetry must be treated analytically as the same.
C.The lyrics of a song are not different from the lyrics of poetry.
D.It is the time not the aesthetics that is different in most poems and song lyrics.
问题3选项
A.the difference between good poetry and songs and mediocre ones
B.the various ways songs and poems are similar
C.the shared, most important evaluation criteria in songwriting and poetry
D.how to evaluate a poem and a s ong’s value from a lyrical standpoint
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:C
第3题:C
【解析】1.推理判断题。

根据题干关键词relationship定位到文章第一段，由The close relationship between poetry and music scarcely needs to be argued. In English the two are closely bound historically（诗歌和音乐之间的密切关系几乎不需要争论。

在英语中，两者在历史上有着密切的联系）可知从历史的角度来看，诗歌与音乐之间的关系是无可争辩的，因此A选项符合题意。

2.推理判断题。

由文章第二段中的The lyric poem as a literary work and the lyrics of a popular song are both still essentially the same thing: poetry.（作为文学作品的抒情诗和流行歌曲的抒情诗在本质上仍然是一回事：诗歌）可知C选项“一首歌的歌词和诗歌的歌词没有什么不同”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。

由文章第二段中的our criteria for evaluating the work must remain the same（我们对作品评价的标准必须保持一致）可知C选项“歌曲创作和诗歌中最重要的共同评价标准”符合题意。

11.
单选题
You will see the lightning （）it happens, but you hear the thunder later.
问题1选项
A.the instant
B.for an instant
C.on the instant
D.in an instant
【答案】A
【解析】考查词组辨析。

A选项the instant“一……就……”；B选项for an instant“片刻，一瞬间”；C选项on the instant“立即，马上”；D选项“立即，马上”。

此处要表达的是“闪电一发生就能看见”，因此选A。

句意：闪电一出现你就会看到，但你稍后才会听到雷声。

12.
单选题
The law exists in every civilized society so that Governments, the rich and the powerful can not（）their position.
问题1选项
A.abuse
B.eradicate
C.legalize
D.threaten
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。

A选项abuse“滥用，妄用（权力、所知所闻）”；B选项eradicate“根除，消灭”；C选项legalize“使合法化，使得到法律认可”；D选项threaten“威胁，恐吓”。

空格处为谓语动词，其宾语为their position，因此A选项符合逻辑搭配。

句意：法律存在于每一个文明社会，因此政府、富人和权贵不能滥用其职权。

13.
单选题
Crowd control could soon become a crucial skill for climbers on Mount Everest, as important as physical strength or watching the weather. In a single day last week, nearly 40 people reached the top of the world—a record. Reports sent by satellite telephone from base camp spoke of queues at dangerous ridges and crowded as people passed each other in the final dash for the 8, 848 meters (29,129ft) summit.
More traditional mountaineers sneer (嘲笑) at the circus atmosphere surrounding Everest in recent years, and there are warnings that the crowds are making the mountain more dangerous. Overcrowding has already taken its toll. In 1996, 14 died on the mountain when the members of several expeditions were trapped at high altitudes by sudden snowstorm. Bad weather in early May led to this year’s jam on the summit ridge, but the toll, luckily, was light. Just four climbers died, including a Nepali Sherpa who had made 11 previous successful climbing. Traditionalists are also worried about the growing tendency of expeditions to set records and achieve “firsts”, rather than simply climb the mountain. This year’s crop of summiteers included the oldest man, 64-year-oId Sherman Bull from Connecticut, and the youngest: 16-year-old Temba Tsheri Sherpa of Nepal. An American with only one arm was on the mountain this year; an Indian with no legs also tried but to no avail. In the most spectacular feat, Erik Weihenmeyer, an American, became the first blind person to reach the top of the world. His fellow climbers stayed in front of him on the way up, describing the terrain and ringing bells.
Nepal views Mount Everest as something of a cash cow; the government charges expeditions a minimum of $70,000. That is probably why officials in Katmandu are ignoring concerns about overcrowding and talking about even more climbers coming next year. But a celebration of the 48th anniversary of the first conquest of Everest, by Sir Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay, was cancelled after violent strikes, called by the Communist opposition. Retuning climbers who thought their challenge was over had to walk from hotel to airport so they could fly home to the usual triumphal welcome. Tumultuous Nepali politics, it seems, could be just the crowd-control measure that Everest needs.
1.What is important to climbers on Mount Everest?
2.More accidents have happened in recent years due to（）.
3.Several summiteers are mentioned in the third paragraph to show
（）.
4.The attitude of the Nepali government toward the circus atmosphere is
（）.
5.An anniversary celebration of the first conquest of Everest was cancelled due to（）.
问题1选项
A.Watching the weather.
B.Making a final dash.
C.Psychological adjustment.
D.Group management.
问题2选项
A.bad geographical conditions
B.carelessness of the climbers
C.overcrowding
D.snowstorms
问题3选项
A.their courage
B.their diversity
C.their great achievements
D.their common motivation
问题4选项
A.indifferent
B.welcoming
C.worried
D.concerned
问题5选项
A.overcrowding
B.political reasons
C.the returning of the climbers
D.the lack of crowd-control measure
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:C
第3题:D
第4题:A
第5题:A
【解析】1.细节事实题。

根据题干关键词important to climbers定位到文章第一段中，由第一段第一句Crowd control could soon become a crucial skill for climbers on Mount Everest, as important as physical strength or watching the weather（人群控制很快就会成为珠穆朗玛峰登山者的一项关键技能，与身体素质和观察天气一样重要）可知身体素质与观察天气对登山者很重要，因此选A。

2.细节事实题。

根据题干关键词accidents定位至文章第二段中，由第一段第一二句More traditional mountaineers sneer at the circus atmosphere surrounding Everest in recent years, and there are warnings that the crowds are making the mountain more dangerous. Overcrowding has already taken its toll. （近年来，越来越多的传统登山者嘲笑珠穆朗玛峰周围的气氛，并警告说，人群正在使珠穆朗玛峰变得更加危险。

过度拥挤已经造成了损失）可知C选项“过度拥挤”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。

由文章第三段中的Traditionalists are also worried about the growing tendency of expeditions to set records and achieve “firsts”，rather than simply climb the mountain.（传统主义者也担心探险队越来越倾向于创造记录并取得“第一”，而不是简单地爬山）可推测后面所举的Several summiteers例子是为了说明他们的动机，因此选D。

4.观点态度题。

“the circus atmosphere（马戏团气氛）”暗指“人群拥挤”。

根据题干关键词Nepali 定位到文章最后一段中，由Nepal views Mount Everest as something of a cash cow; the government charges expeditions a minimum of $70,000. That is probably why officials in Katmandu are ignoring concerns about overcrowding and talking about even more climbers coming next year.（尼泊尔将珠穆朗玛峰视为摇钱树；政府对探险的收费最低为7万美元。

这可能就是加德满都官员忽视了过度拥挤的担忧，并谈论明年将有更多登山者到来的原因）可知尼泊尔政府将珠穆朗玛峰当作赚钱的工具，对人群过度拥挤的问题视而不见，因此A选项“漠不关心的”符合题意。

5.推理判断题。

根据题干关键词the first conquest of Everest定位到文章最后一段中，由But a celebration of the 48th anniversary of the first conquest of Everest, by Sir Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay, was cancelled after violent strikes（但Sir Edmund Hillary和Sherpa Tenzing Norgay举行的第一次征服珠穆朗玛峰48周年纪念活动，在暴力袭击后被取消）和Tumultuous Nepali politics, it seems, could be just the crowd-control measure that Everest needs.（混乱的尼泊尔政治，似乎只是珠穆朗玛峰需要的人群控制措施）可知取消的原因是violent strikes，结合本文一直提及的“人群拥挤”问题，可推测violent strikes指的是“过度拥挤”，因此选A。

14.
单选题
Plastic heart valves and other human “spare parts” have （）possible many recent developments in surgery.
问题1选项
A.made it
B.been made
C.made
D.become
【答案】C
【解析】考查语态。

句子的主语为Plastic heart valves and other human “spare parts”（塑料心脏瓣膜和其他人体器官“零件”），宾语为many recent developments（最近许多的发展），主语与宾语之间为主动关系，故排除B选项。

句子的宾语在possible后面不需要形式宾语，故排除A选项。

have become possible表示“……成为可能”，have made possible表示“使……成为可能”，根据句意可知C选项符合语境。

句意：塑料心脏瓣膜和其他人体器官“零件”使最近许多的发展成为可能。

15.
翻译题
Translate the following two paragraphs into Chinese
Once you turn over a new leaf, you can’t expect to change completely right away. You are bound to vacillate at times. The key is to be satisfied with gradual improvement, expecting and accepting the occasional slips that come with any change. And even after you are handling these decisions in a firmer and more confident manner, you can’t expect your children to respond immediately. For a while they’ll keep on applying the old pressures that used to work so well. But they’ll eventually come to respect your d ecisions once they learn that nagging and arguing no longer work. In the end, both you and your children will be happier for it.
The trends are quickly accelerating for a simple reason: Information is power, and technology democratizes and universalizes the availability of information. Hence, organizations will no longer be able to subsidize processes and jobs that glorify hierarchical control but turn off the spigot on knowledge-flow. Futurist George Gilder describes a world where the economy is based on sand, glass and air. Sand is the silicon used to make microchips, the building blocks of computing—and that building block is growing exponentially. The performance of microchips doubles every 18 months.
【答案】一旦你翻开新的一页，你就不能指望马上完全改变。

有时你肯定会犹豫不决。

关键是要满足于渐进的改进，预料并接受任何变化带来的偶然失误。

即使在你以更加坚定和自信的方式处理这些决定之后，你也不能指望你的孩子会立即做出反应。

在一段时间内，他们将继续施加过去行之有效的旧压力。

但一旦他们知道唠叨和争论不再有效，他们最终会尊重你的决定。

最后，你和你的孩子都会因此而更快乐。

这种趋势正在迅速加速，原因很简单：信息就是力量，而技术使信息变得民主化和普遍化。

因此，组织将不再能够资助那些美化等级特权并阻止信息交流的工作体系了。

未来学家乔治•吉尔德描述了一个以沙子、玻璃和空气为基础的经济世界。

沙子是用来制造微芯片的硅，芯片（计算机世界的建筑材料）正以指数级的速度增长。

微芯片的性能每18个月翻一番。