中医英语基础教程课后习题

English Translation of TCM Medical Terms
Unit 1 A brief introduction to traditional Chinese medicine
1. traditional Chinese medicine
2 .syndrome differentiation and treatment
3. holism
4. correspondence between man and nature
5. returning to the original purity and simplicity/ returning to nature
6. symptoms and signs
7. syndrome
8. dialectical materialism and historical materialism
9. side-effect/ adverse-effect
10. therapeutic effect/ efficacy/curative effect
11. diagnosis and treatment
12. symptomatology
13. integrated/ combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine
14.Miraculous Pivot
15. Plain Questions
16. Huangdi’s Internal Classic
17. Treatise on Cold-damage and Miscellaneous diseases
18. Compendium of Materia Medica
19. A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion
20.Essential Prescriptions for Emergencies
21 Supplement to Essential Prescriptions for Emergencies
22 Classic on Difficult Issues of Medicine Unit Two Yin-yang Theory
Unit 2 Yin-yang Theory
1. the opposition and unity of yin and yang
2. restriction and transformation of yin and yang
3. excess/ predominance of yin leading to/ causing disorder of yang and excess /predominance of yang causing disorder of yin
4. interdependence of yin and yang
5. There would be impossible survival with solitary yin and vice versa.
6. waning and waxing of yin and yang
7. dynamic change
8. quantitative change
9. qualitative change
10. yin-yang figure/ Taiji figure
11. Excess of yin leading to deficiency of yang, or excess of yang leading to deficiency of yin.
12. yin within yang, and yang within yin
13. materialism
14. dynamic balance
15. inter-transformation between yin and yang/mutual transformation of yin and yang
16. infinite divisibility of yin and yang
18. physiological function
19. the opposition and restriction of yin and yang
20. Severe cold will give birth to heat, and severe heat will give birth to cold.
Unit 3 Ying -yang Theory in TCM
1. The lung has the function of dominating qi and controlling breath.
2. the balance/ equilibrium between yin and yang
3. The harmony of yin and yang ensures the harmonious life
activities while the disassociation of yin and yang will exhaust essence, and eventually, death occurs.
4. healthy qi
5. pathogenic qi / pathogen/ pathogenic factor
6. cold deficiency syndrome /cold syndrome of deficiency
7. dry-heat syndrome
8. mutual impairment of yin and yang / mutual detriment to yin and yang
9. deficiency of yin affecting yang or deficiency of yang affecting yin
10. Yin deficiency fails to control yin.
11. differentiation according to the eight principles
Unit 4 Five Phase Theory
1. five phase theory / five elements theory
2. generating, generate /engendering
3. restraining , restrict , restriction
4 . restriction and transformation
5. overwhelming/ over-restriction /over-acting /subjugation
6. rebellion / counter-restriction/ reverse-restriction
7. Fire is characterized by flaming (up).
8. Wood is characterized by growing freely.
9. Water is characterized by moistening and flowing downward.
10. Earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping.
11. Metal is characterized by change.
12. five flavors, five colors, five growth and development , five seasons and five notes
13. five sense organs, five body constituents, five emotions and five voices
14. generated/ being generated generating/ to generate
15. restricted/ being restricted restricting/ to restrict
16 .The “generating” element is thought of as the “mother”.
17. The “generated’ element is as the “child”.
18. The disorder of mother-organ affecting/involving the child-organ; the disorder of child-organ affecting/ involving mother-organ
19. ecological equilibrium
20. mother-child relationship
Unit 5 Five Phase Theory in TCM
1 The kidney stores vital essence.
2. The kidney controls water metabolism.
3. The heart-yang has warming function.
4.The liver has the function of smoothing and regulating flow of qi and blood.
6. The liver-fire impairs the lung.
7. excessive heart-fire
8.exuberance/excess of the heart and liver fire
9. nourishing the kidney and liver
10. the failure of the spleen in transportation and transformation (脾失运化)
11.flushed face and blood-shot ( red) eyes
12.reinforcing method for deficiency syndrome
13.reducing method for excess syndrome
14 to reinforcing the mother-organ in case of asthenia or deficiency
15. to purge or reduce excess of the child-organ in case of sthenia or excess
16.Enriching water to nourish wood is a therapeutic method used to nourish kidney yin to supplement liver yin.
17.Enriching earth to generate metal is a therapeutic method to reinforce the spleen qi for the purpose of nourishing lung qi
18. Supplementing fire to reinforce earth is a therapeutic method used to warm kidney-yang to invigorate spleen-yang.
19.enriching earth to control water
20.supporting metal to suppress wood
Unit 6 Meridian and Collateral Theory
1. meridian and collateral theory
2. the twelve regular meridians
3. the eight extra meridians
4. the fifteen collaterals / collateral vessels
5. the twelve divergent meridians/ meridian divergences
6. the twelve meridian sinews
7. the twelve cutaneous regions
8. the lung meridian of hand Taiying (LU)
9. the large intestine meridian of hand Yangming (LI)
10. the stomach meridian of foot Yangming (ST)
11. the spleen meridian of foot Taiyin (SP)
12. the heart meridian of hand Shaoyin (HT)
13. the small intestine of hand Taiyang (SI)
14. the bladder meridian of foot Taiyang (BL)
15. the kidney meridian of foot Shaoyin (KI)
16. the pericardium meridian of hand Jueyin (PC)
17. the triple energizer meridian of hand Shaoyang (TE)
18. the gallbladder meridian of foot Shaoyang (GB)
19. the liver meridian of foot Jueyin (LR)
20. Governor Vessel GV
21. Conception Vessel CV
22. Thoroughfare Vessel TV
23. Belt Vessel BV
24. Yin Heel Vessel Yin HV
25. Yang Heel Vessel Yang HV
26. Yin Link Vessel Yin LV
27. Yang Link Vessel Yang LV
28. tertiary collaterals
29. the superficial collaterals
30. the convergence of yang meridians
31. Chong meridian/ Thoroughfare Vessel TV
32.To have an interior-exterior relationship
33.Transversely and longitudinally, the meridians and collaterals cross with each other in both the interior and exterior of the body.
34.transporting qi and blood and regulating yin and yang
35.the passage for pathogen transmission
36.transmitting needling sensation
37.regulating deficiency and excess conditions
38.meridian tropism of herbs
Unit 7 Viscera Manifestations Theory
1. the theory of viscera manifestations
2.the five zang-organs the six fu-organs the extraordinary organs
3.the heart,the liver,the spleen ,the lung,the kidney
4. the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, gallbladder, urinary bladder and triple energizers
5. Classic on Difficult Issues of Medicine
6. the brain, marrow, bones, blood vessels, gallbladder, and uterus
7. the dysfunction of viscera
8. the meridians and collaterals
9. the interior-exterior relationship
10. to transport and digest water and food
11. The kidney stores vital essence.
12. The liver stores blood.
13. the deficiency/ asthenic syndrome
14. .Excess syndrome of the zang-organ can be treated by purging
the corresponding fu-organ. /The sthenia syndrome of zang-organs can be treated by purging the corresponding fu-organs.
15. receiving
16. Deficiency syndrome of the fu-organ can be treated by reinforcing the corresponding zang-organ. /The asthenia syndrome of fu-organs can be treated by reinforcing the corresponding zang-organs.
17. syndrome differentiation and treatment
18. The internal organs are bound to give outward manifestations.
19. Fu-organs function well when unobstructed.
20. Anger impairs the liver; over-joy impairs the heart; thought impairs the spleen; sorrow impairs the lung; fear impairs the kidney.
Unit 8 The Five Zang Organs Section (A)
1. control /govern/dominate/be responsible for/in charge of
2. opening into
3 having its outward manifestation on / flourishing on /some organ’s conditions are manifested/
reflected on
4.The heart controls blood and vessels.
5 The tongue is the mirror of the heart.
6 the insufficiency of the heart blood
7. There is an interior-exterior relationship between the heart and small intestine. The spleen controls blood.
8. rosy complexion
9. Liver qi is in communication with the eyes.
10. disharmony between the liver and spleen
11. The liver stores blood.
12. the liver-qi invading the stomach
13. stagnation of liver-qi
14. innate essence
15. acquired essence
16. The kidney stores essence and controls human reproduction, growth and development.
17. The kidney controls the reception of qi.
18. The deficiency of kidney essence
19. metabolism
20. insomnia
Unit 9 The Five Zang Organs Section (B)
1. The lung governs diffusion and depurative downbearing.
2. The lung is a convergence of all the vessels.
3. The qi in autumn is in communication with the lung.
4. The lung dominates qi of the whole body.
5. the lung regulating the water passages
6. failure of the lung in dispersing and descending
7. The lung opens at the nose.
8. The lung has an exterior and interior relationship with the large intestine.
9. the upper source of water
10. external pathogenic factors
11. getting rid of the stale and taking in the fresh.
12. food essence
13. governing transportation and transformation
14. The spleen controls blood.
15. The spleen dominates the muscles.
16. the four extremities
17. The spleen opening at the mouth and flourishing on the lips
18. source of qi and blood
19. haemorrhage
20. The spleen has an exterior and interior relationship with the stomach
Unit 10 The relationships among the Zang and Fu organs
1. Zang has an exterior and interior relationship with fu organs.
2. fire of excess type in the heart meridian
3. Excess heat in the small intestine may ascend via its meridian to burn the heart
4. The meridians of the lung and large intestine are connected to form the interior-exterior relationship.
5. difficulty in defecation/in discharging faces
6. asthmatic cough
7. The spleen governing transportation and transformation
8. fullness and distention in the epigastrium
9. The kidney is known as “the water zang viscus”, the bladder is known as “the water fu viscus”,
10. The urinary bladder governs storing and excreting urine.
11. The normal/proper opening and closing of the bladder
12. The bladder has the power to control urination.
13. urinary incontinence
14. frequent urination stagnation of heat
15. alternating between states of fullness and emptiness
16. the dysfunction of the stomach in descent and that of the spleen in transportation and transformation
17. Purgative therapy plays a reinforcing role in treatment of dysfunction of the six fu-organs.
18. consumption of body fluid
19. causing overflow of bile and jaundice
20. separating the clear from the turbid
Unit 11 Qi, Blood and Body Fluid
1. qi, blood, body fluid and vitality
2. primordial qi
3. pectoral qi
4. nutrient/nourishing qi
5. defensive qi
6. qi transformation
7. functional activities of qi
8. innate/congenital essence
9. congenital deficiency
10. consumption of primodial qi due to a prolonged illness
11. Pectoral qi is known as promoting qi
12. defending the body against external pathogenic factors
13. Qi dominates warmth .
14. Qi produces blood.
15. Qi acts as the commander of blood, and blood as the mother of qi
16. Qi promotes the blood circulation.
17. Blood dominates nourishment and moisture.
18. Qi can consolidate body fluid.
19. acquired essence
20. consolidating function of qi
21. getting rid of the stale and taking in the fresh
22. ascending, descending, entering and exiting 升、降、出、入
23. Body fluid and blood have the same source.
24. Harmonious circulation of blood ensures the vigorous spirit
25. Those who suffer from blood loss hardly perspire and those who perspire a lot have less blood than normal
26. Heavy loss of body fluid is followed by exhaustion of qi.
Unit 12 Etiology
1. etiology
2 six climatic pathogenic factors (six excesses)
3. six natural factors
4. vaccination
5. a life long immunity
6. improper diet
7. parasitology
8. internal damage by intemperance of the seven emotions
9. Excessive joy impairs the heart.
10. Excessive anger impairs the liver.
11.Excessive thought impairs the spleen.
12.Excessive sorrow impairs the lung.
13. Excessive fear impairs the kidney.
14. unhygienic diet
15. physical overstrain
16. mental overstrain
17.sexual overstrain
18. maladjustment of work and rest
19. incised wound
20. phlegm-fluid retention
21.impeded flow of blood
22.internal cause, external cause, and cause neither internal nor /endopathogens ,exophathogens, non-exoendopathogens
23 trauma
24. artificial immunity
Unit 13 Pathogenesis external.
1. pathogenesis
2. excess/sthenia; deficiency/asthenia
3. excess syndrome ;deficiency syndrome
4 complicated syndrome of excess and deficiency
5. excess complicated with deficiency
6. struggle between vital-qi (healthy qi) and pathogenic factors
7. Failure of healthy-qi in conquering pathogenic factors
8. domination of vital-qi over pathogenic factors
9. transforming from excess syndrome to deficiency one
10. relative excess (predominance) of yin or yang
11. relative decline (deficiency) of yin or yang
12. exhaustion of vital- essence resulting in deficiency syndrome
13. mutual consumption of yin and yang
14. yin deficiency involving (affecting) yang
15. mutual rejection between yin and yang
16. Yin is kept externally by yang-excess in the interior.
17. real cold syndrome with pseudo-heat symptoms
18. excess in reality with pseudo-deficiency symptoms
19. depletion of yin and yang
20. disorder of functional activities of qi
Unit 14 General Description of TCM Diagnostics
1. diagnostics
2. clinical diagnosis
3. diagnostic methods
4. observation, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry, pulse-taking and palpation
5. complexion
6. constitution/physique
7. tongue conditions (conditions of the tongue); tongue fur (coating)
8. secretion (secreta)
9. excretion (excreta)
10. history of present illness (PI) (present illness)
11. past history (PH)
12. chief complaint (CC)
13. duration(course) of disease
14. menstruation/ menses
15. leucorrhea
16. pregnancy and delivery of baby
17. auscultation and olfaction
18. palpation and pulse-taking
19. to survey hard mass/lump
20 eight-principle syndrome differentiation/syndrome differentiation according to eight-principles 21 qi, blood and body fluid syndrome differentiation
22. visceral syndrome differentiation
23.six-meridian syndrome differentiation
24. triple-energizer syndrome differentiation
25 wei-qi-ying-xue differentiation
26. concept of holism
27 combination of four diagnostic methods/synthetic use of four diagnostic methods /four diagnostic methods in combination
28. combination of differentiation of disease with syndrome differentiation/ combining disease differentiation with syndrome differentiation
29. differential diagnosis
30. pathological and physiological characteristics
31. location of disease nature of disease
Unit 17 TCM Life Cultivation
1. TCM life cultivation and rehabilitation
2. adaptation to nature
3.harmony between man and nature
4.adaptation to seasons
5. nourishing yang in spring and summer and yin in autumn and winter.
6. conforming to geography
7. conforming to society
8. One is always happy if one is content with one’s lot.
9. unity of physique and spirit
10. simultaneous cultivation of spirit and physique
11.interdependence of motion and motionlessness
12. healthy qi as the base
13. Relative excess of qi and blood exists in the liver in spring
14.five emotions
15. health and longevity
16.holism
17. life cultivation and health care
18. tissues and organs
19. lost spirit
20. regulation of the mind
Unit 18 The Characters and Actions of Chinese Medicinals
1. Chinese materia medica
2. pharmacology
3. four natures /properties and five flavors
4. a drug of cold nature / a drug cold in nature/ a cold-natured drug
5. clearing heat and purging fire
6. detoxication/ removing/ eliminating toxic substances
7. dispersing cold
8. warming up the interior
9. supporting/reinforcing yang
10. treating collapse/recuperating depleted yang to rescue patients from collapse
11. pungent, sweet, sour, bitter and salty
12. dispersing qi and promoting the circulation of qi and blood
13. relieving superficies/superficial syndrome by means of diaphoresis
14. nourishing, replenishing, tonifying and enriching
15. harmonizing the natures of different drugs
16. relieving spasm and pain
17. constipation due to dry intestine
18. astringing to arrest discharge
19. sending down adverse flow of qi
20. relieving constipation by purgation
21. softening and resolving hard mass
22. exterior wind-heat syndrome
23. ascending, descending, floating and sinking
24. inducing vomiting
25. checking exuberance of yang
26. improving digestion by removing stagnated food(retention of food)
27. tranquilization with heavy material
28. in correspondence with the location of disease but in opposition to the tendencies of disease
29. calming down and suppressing hyperactivity of the liver yang
30. hyperactivity of the liver-yang
31. modification according to symptoms
32. texture
33. processing drugs
34. compatibility
35. meridian tropism
36. toxicity
37 toxic
38. slightly toxic
39. extremely poisonous
40. deadly poisonous
41. dose (一次量) ;dosage
42. obstinate disease
43. to fight poison with poison/to counteract one toxin with another
44. Chinese patent drug
45. ingredients and actions
46. indications
47. administration and dosage
48. contraindications
49. side-effect/ adverse effect /unhealthy effect
50. expiry to/ validity
Unit 19 Science of Formulas
1. theory of prescriptions
2. common forms of prescriptions/formula
3. routes of administration
4.the functions of the formula
5. oral administration
6. fumigation and steaming ;gargling
7. porwder
8. taken orally with warm boiled water
9. sprinkling on a sore
10. bolus
11. drug aromatic in flavor
12. honeyed bolus
13. water-paste pill。