河北科技大学外国语言文学专业基础英语考研真题试题2016年—2019年

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2016年12月研究生英语学位课统考(GET)真题试卷含答案和解析

2016年12月研究生英语学位课统考（GET）真题试卷听力对话1.(B)A. He failed to catch the bus.B. There are few gas stations.C. There are various risks.D. He didn’t hear clearly.解析：女士说：我们离沙漠还有多远?男士说：大约300英里。

我们必须给车加油。

高速路上加油站很少。

女士说：好。

few and far between 是个成语，意思是“少见”或“彼此距离很远”。

2.(D)A. He failed to catch the bus.B. He didn’t enjoy walking.C. He thought differently.D. He didn’t hear clearly.解析：男士说：您能告诉我从这儿去时代广场的路吗?女士说：好。

你可以坐地铁或公交车。

如果现在感觉不累，你也可以走着去。

男士说：对不起，我没听懂。

3.(A)A. A tour guide.B. A bus driver.C. A hotel attendant.D. A traffic policewoman.解析：女士说：各位请注意。

我们今天的日程安排是首先参观故宫。

在故宫附近的饭店午餐后，我们去颐和园。

我们很可能晚上七点左右回到宾馆。

男士说：我们晚上自由活动吧?女士说：是的，我们没有什么特别安排。

4.(C)A. He was rude to his mother.B. He loves his girlfriend.C. He can tolerate his girlfriend no more.D. He insulted his girlfriend.解析：女士说：我听说你跟女朋友分手了。

是吗?男士说：是的。

她对我一直很不友好。

最无法忍受的是她说我妈妈的坏话。

the last straw 的含义是it is the latest in a series of bad events，and it makes you unable to deal with a situation any longer，也就是“一系列令人不愉快的事情中，最后一件让你忍无可忍的事”。

[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编11.doc

[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编11.doc[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编11一、简答题1 The following four sentences present four different usages of the word不过. Please discuss the distinctions and connections among the four usages, illustrating your points with your own examples where necessary.1)不过二年，君必无患。

2)他十七岁就结婚，一年后当了爸爸不过十八岁。

3)这是个乖巧不过的孩子。

4)我也没有长策，不过这种事情，其事已迫，不能计出万全的。

2 Comment on the following observation in about 150 words.(武汉大学2010研)"The meaning of a word is not an unanalysable whole. "3 When a teacher says "it's so hot in here" during a class, what does she probably mean? Refer to the theory of pragmatics when you analyze the situation.(人大2002研)4 A speech act consists of three related acts according to J. L. Austin's Speech Act theory. What are they? Analyze the following conversation in the light of Speech Act theory.(北航2008研) Customer; Waiter! There's a fly in my soup.Waiter; Don't worry, there's no extra charge.5 Explain speech act theory and list the different kinds of speech acts with examples for each.(浙江大学2004研)6 Discuss the following sentences in terms of violation of maxims in the cooperative principle.(浙江大学2007研)a. I think he was married and had a lioness at home.b. A: What do you intend to do? B: I have a terrible headache.c. A: Where've you been? B: Out.7 Discuss the following advertisement extensively: "你不理财，财不理你".(浙江大学2007研)8 Imagine you were at a bus stop and two people approached you one after the other. The first said哎，几点了?and the second said不好意思，打搅一下，请问您戴表了吗?What assumptions would you make if you were addressed in these two ways and why would you make them?(北外2007研)9 What kind of linguistic phenomenon can you identify in the following dialogue? Define, analyse and explain the phenomenon.(北外2010研)甲：上车请买票。

2016年考研英语真题答案及解析

2016年考研英语一真题答案解析Section I Use of English一、文章总体分析及结构本文选自Wikipcdia（维基百科）网站“Courtship,Marriage,and Divorce in Cambodia（柬埔寨青年的恋爱、结婚和离婚）”一文，讲述柬埔寨青年的婚恋习俗。

本文有着明确的主题，全文的中心主线在文章首句中就明确给出了：In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male.（在柬埔寨，选择配偶对于年轻男子而言是一件复杂的事情。

）这个主题句明示了整篇文章的主题就是围绕着“婚姻和配偶选择及其复杂性”展开的。

全文由三段组成，第一段提及柬埔寨年轻人选择配偶的过程；第二段讲述柬埔寨具体的婚礼习俗‘第三段提及离婚过程，同时强调离异人士所面临的性别歧视。

二、语篇精读及试题精解词汇详解：spouse配偶matchmaker媒人1．[A]by way of经由；作为[B]as well as以及[C]on behalf of代表；为了[D]with regard to关于；对于【答案】B【考点】逻辑关系（复现结构）。

【解析】考生需要为本空前后的原文信息做定位分析。

首先，本空之后的原文信息those of the young woman与之前的his parents and his friends和之后的a matchmaker均做谓语动词involve的宾语，且这三个宾语平行并列。

其中的两个宾语his parents and his friends与a matchmaker之间的并列关系原文已经通过已知线索not only…but also说明，根据复现原则，本空应选择能同样表达并列关系的词组，很明显正确答案为选项[B]as well as以及。

2.[A]adapt to适应，适合[B]provide for为……做准备；供养[C]compete with与……竞争[D]decide on决定，选定【答案】D【考点】动词（词组）辨析（对应成分分析法）。

考研英语真题完整版(含答案)

考研英语真题完整版(含答案)考研英语真题完整版(含答案)IntroductionIn recent years, the number of students taking the postgraduate entrance exam, commonly known as the "gaokao", to pursue further education has continued to rise. The English section of this exam is of particular significance as it assesses the applicants' language proficiency and comprehension skills. This article aims to provide a complete version of the past years' English exam questions, along with their corresponding answers, in order to help students better prepare for the upcoming exam.Section I: Reading Comprehension1. Passage OneQuestions:1) What is the main topic of the passage?2) What does the passage imply about music's role in early childhood development?2. Passage TwoQuestions:1) What does the passage mainly discuss?2) What does the author mean by saying "Birds defy that rule." in paragraph 3?Section II: Vocabulary and Structure1. Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence. Example:1) It is time that we ______ a solution to the problem.a) findb) will findc) foundd) have foundAnswer: a) findSection III: Cloze1. Choose the word or phrase that best fits the blank. Example:1) It was very kind ______ you to help me with my bags.a) forb) fromc) ofd) withAnswer: c) ofSection IV: TranslationTranslate the following sentences from Chinese to English.Example:1) 他们一起努力，最终实现了自己的目标。

考研英语真题及参考答案完整版()

来源：文都教育Sect ion I Use of En glishDirectio ns:Read the follow ing text. Choose the best word (s) for each nu mbered bla nk and mark A, B, C or Don the ANSWER SHEET. (10 poi nts)Trust is a tricky bus in ess. On the one han d, it's a n ecessary con diti on 1ma ny worthwhile thin gs: childcare, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2_, in the wrong place often carries a high 3._4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an in dividual or aninstitution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herdingin struct that prompts huma ns to 7with one ano ther. Scien tists have found that exposure 8_this horm one putsus in a trust ing 9;_ln a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytoci n into the no ses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who in haled someth ing else.11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us. A Canadian study found thatchildre n as young as 14 mon ths can differe ntiate 13_a credible pers on and a disho nest one. Sixty toddlerswere each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “ What' s ilook ing into the container, smili ng, and exclaimi ng, “ Wow!” Each subject was_the n in vited to look 15. Hof them found a toy; the other half 16_the container was empty -and realized the tester had _17 them.Among the childre n who had not bee n tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester inlearning a new skill, dem on strat ing that they trusted his leadership. 19,_only five of the 30 childre n paired with the _ “ 20 ”tester participated in a foipoactivity.1. [A] on [B] like [C] for [D] from2. [A] faith [B] concern [C] atte ntion [D] in terest3. [A] ben efit [B] debt [C] hope [D] price4. [A] Therefore [B] Then [C] In stead [D] Agai n5. [A]U ntil [B] Un less [C] Although [D] When6. [A] selects [B]produces [C] applies [D] mai ntains7. [A] con sult [B] compete [C] connect [D] compare8. [A] at [B] by [C]of [D]toSection II Readi ng Comprehe nsionPart A Directio ns:Read the follow ing four texts. An swer the questio ns below each text by choos ing A, B, C or D. Mark your an swerson the ANSWER SHEET. (40 poi nts)Text 1Among the annoying challe nges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmen ti oned in the n ext preside ntial campaig n: What happe ns whe n the robots come for their jobs?Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of . jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower - in come jobs like garde ning or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupatio ns-truck ing, finan cial advice, software engin eeri ng — have aroused their in terest, or soon will.The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that tech no logical upheaval has ben efited workers in the past. The In dustrial Revoluti on did n't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mecha ni zed looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automati on should even tually boost productivity, stimulate dema nd by drivi ng dow n prices, and free10.[A] cou nterparts [B] substitutes 11.[A] Funny [B] Lucky 12.[A] mon itor [B] protect 13.[A] betwee n _| [B] within 14.[A] tra nsferred[B]added15.[A] out [B] back 16.[A] discovered [B] proved 17.[A] betrayed [B]wro nged 18.[A] forced [B] willi ng 19.[A] In con trast[B] As a result 20.[A] in flexible [B] in capable[C] period [D] circle [C] colleagues [D]supporters [C] Odd [D] Ironic [C] surprise [D] delight [C] toward [D] over [C] in troduced[D] en trusted[C] arou nd[D] in side[C] in sisted [D] .remembered [C] fooled [D] mocked [C] hesita nt [D] en titled [C] On the whole [D] For in sta nee[C] unreliable |[D] un suitable9. [A] con text [B] moodworkers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle -class workers may need a lot of help adjusti ng.The first step, as Erik Brynjolfss on and An drew McAfee argue in The Second Mach ine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums —from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem -solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professi on als trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challe nge of cop ing with automati on un derl ines the n eed for the . to revive its fadi ng bus in ess dyn amism: Starti ng new compa nies must be made easier. I n previous eras of drastic tech no logical cha nge, en trepre neurs smoothed the tran siti on by dream ing up ways to comb ine labor and mach in es. The best uses of 3D prin ters and virtual reality have n't bee n inven ted yet. The . n eeds the new compa nies that will invent them.Fin ally, because automati on threate ns to wide n the gap betwee n capital in come and labor in come, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned in come tax credit should be expa nded: This would boost i ncomes, en courage work, reward compa nies for job creati on, and reduce in equality.Tech no logy will improve society in ways big and small over the n ext few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation.Destro ying the mach ines that are coming for our jobs would be nu ts. But policies to help workers adapt will be in dispe nsable.will be most threate ned by automati on?[A] Leadi ng politicia ns.[B] Low -wage laborers.[C] Robot ow ners.[D] Middle -class workers.22 .Which of the following best represent the authors view?[A] Worries about automati on are in fact groun dless.[B] Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.[C] lssues aris ing from automati on n eed to be tackled[D] Negative con seque nces of new tech can be avoidedin the age of automati on should put more emphasis on[A] creative pote ntial.[B] job -hunting skills.[C] i ndividual n eeds.[D] cooperative spirit.author suggests that tax policies be aimed at[A] en couragi ng the developme nt of automati on.[B] i ncreas ing the retur n on capital in vestme nt.[C] easing the hostility between rich and poor.[D] preve nti ng the in come gap from wide ning.this text, the author prese nts a problem with[A] oppos ing views on it.[B] possible soluti ons to it.[C] its alarmi ng impacts.[D] its major variati ons.Text 2A new survey by Harvard Un iversity finds more tha n two -thirds of young America ns disapprove ofPreside nt Trump ' s use of Twitter. The implicati on is that Mille nni als prefer n ews from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a preside nt ' s social media platform.Most America ns rely on social media to check daily headli nes. Yet as distrust has rise n toward all media, people may be start ing to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly n eeded. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michiga n was fake n ews, accord ing to the Un iversity of Oxford. And a survey con ducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 perce nt of Facebook users rarely or n ever trust n ews from the media gia nt.Young people who are digital n atives are in deed beco ming more skillful at separati ng fact from fictio nin cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus -group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “ distributed trust 'to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives —especially those that are open about any bias. “ Many young people assume a great deal pers onal resp on sibility for educati ng themselves and actively seek ing out oppos ing viewpo in ts, con cluded.Such active research can have ano ther effect. A 2014 survey con ducted in Australia, Britai n, and theUn ited States by the Uni versity of Wisc onsin -Madis on found that young people s relia nee on social medialed to greater political en gageme nt.Social media allows users to experienee news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re -share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more con scious of their role in pass ing along in formatio n. A survey by Barna research group found the top reas on give n by America ns for the fake n ews phe nomenon is “ readeerror, more so tha n made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “ misinterpretationor exaggeration of actual news ” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social mediamay be the heart of the issue. “ This in dicates there is a real pers onal resp on sibility in coun teract ing this problem, ” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeti ng preside nt, they reveal a men tal discipli ne in thinking skills - and in their choices on when to share on social media.26. Accord ing to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young America ns cast doubts on[A] the justification of the news -filtering practice.[B] people ' s preferenee for social media platforms.[C] the adm ini strati ons ability to han dle in formati on.[D] social media was a reliable source of n ews.27. The phrase “ beer up ”(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to[A] sharpe n[B] defi ne[C] boast[D] share28. Accord ing to the kni ght foun dati on survey, young people[A] te nd to voice their opinions in cyberspace.[B] verify n ews by referri ng to diverse resources.[C] have s strong sense of resp on sibility.[D] like to excha nge views on “ distributed trust ”29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is[A] readers outdated values.[B] jo urn alists biased report ing[C] readers ' misin terpretati on[D] journalists '-umatteies.30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online[B] A Counteraction Against the Over -tweeting Trend[C] The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.[D] The Platforms for Projectio n of Personal In terests.Text 3Any fair- min ded assessme ntof the dan gers of the deal betwee n Brita in's Nati onal Health Service(NHS) and DeepM ind must start by ack no wledgi ng that both sides mean well. DeepM ind is one of the leading artificial intelligenee (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concen trati on of power in the tech gia nts. It Is aga inst that backgro und that the in formati on commissi oner, Elizabeth Den ham, has issued her damning verdict aga inst the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of million patients In 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights and their expectatio ns of privacy.DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangement& and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all n ecessary permissi ons have bee n asked of patie nts and all unn ecessary data has bee n clea ned. There are less ons about in formed patie nt consent to learn. But privacy is not the only an gle in this case and not even the most importa nt. Ms Den ham chose to concen trate the blame on the NHS trust, since un der exist ing law it “ con trolled ” the data and DeepM ind merely “ processed" it. But this disti nction misses the point that it isprocess ing and aggregatio n, not the mere possessi on of bits, that gives the data value.The great questi on is who should ben efit from the an alysis of all the data that our lives now gen erate.Privacy law builds on the con cept of damage to an in dividual from ide ntifiable kno wledge about them. That misses the way the surveilla nce economy works. The data of an in dividual there gains its value only whe n it is compared with the data of coun tless milli ons more.The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not eno ugh to say that the algorithms DeepM ind develops will ben efit patie nts and save lives. What matters is that they will bel ong to a private mono poly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms Den ham's report is a welcome start.is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ?[A] It caused con flicts among tech gia nts.[B] It failed to pay due attention to patient s rights.[C] It fell short of the latter's expectatio ns[D] It put both sides into a dangerous situation.32. The NHS trust respo nded to Den ham's verdict with[A] empty promises.[B] tough resista nee.[C] n ecessary adjustme nts.[D] sin cere apologies.author argues in Paragraph 2 that[A] privacy protect ion must be secured at all costs.[B] leak ing patie nts' data is worse tha n selli ng it.[C] making profits from patients' data is illegal.[D] the value of data comes from the processing of it |to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is[A] the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.[B] the in effective en forceme nt of privacy law.[C] the uncon trolled use of new software.[D] the mon opoly of big data by tech gia nts.author's attitude toward the applicati on of AI to healthcare is[A] ambiguous.[B] cautious.[C] appreciative.[D] con temptuous.Text 4The . Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $ billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expe nses have exceeded revenue. Mean while, it has more tha n $120 billi on in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fun dame ntally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze betwee n tech no logical cha nge that has perma nen tly decreased dema nd for its bread -an d-butter product, first -class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new realityAnd interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting -card makers exert self -interested pressure on the USPS sultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depe nd on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislati on have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital moder ni zati on.Now comes word that every one in volved ---Democrats, Republica ns, the Postal Service, the unions and the system's heaviest users —hasnally agreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $ billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter perma nent rate in crease and from shift ing postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre -funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long -standing complaint by the USPS and its union.If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Sen ate —wheresome one is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum n ecessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. There ' no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency ' s costs. Also missing is any discussioelim in at ing Saturday letter delivery. That com mon-sense cha nge enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special -interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that they ' getting serious about tran sform ing the postal system for the 21st cen tury.finan cial problem with the USPS is caused partly by[A] . its un bala need budget.[B] .its rigid man ageme nt.[C] .the cost for tech nical upgradi ng.[D] . the withdrawal of bank support.37. Accord ing to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to moder nize itself due to[A] . the in terfere nee from in terest groups.[B] .the in adequate funding from Con gress.[C] .the shri nking dema nd for postal service.[D] .the in compete nee of postal unions.Ion g-sta nding eompla int by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by[A] .removi ng its burde n of retiree health care.[B] .making more investment in new vehicles.[C] .adopting a new rate -increase mechanism.[D] . attracting more first -class mail users.the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with[A] respect.[B] tolera nee.[C] disconten1.1[D] gratitude.of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days[B] The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese[C] The USPS: Chro nic Ill ness Requires a Quick Cure[D] The Postal Service Needs More than a Band -AidPart BDirectio ns:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorga nize these paragraphs into a cohere nt article by choos ing from the list A -G and filli ng them into the nu mbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have bee n correctly placed. Mark your an swers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 poi nts)A. In December of 1869, Con gress appo in ted a commissi on to select a site and prepare pla ns and cost estimates for a new State Departme nt Buildi ng. The commissi on was also to con sider possible arran geme nts for the War and Navy Departme nts. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of a building to house all three departme nts bega n in June of 1871.B. Completed in 1875, the State Departme nt's south wing was the first to be occupied, with its elega nt four-story library (completed in 1876), Diplomatic Recepti on Room, and Secretary's office decorated with carved wood, Orie ntal rugs, and ste nciled wall patter ns. The Navy Departme nt moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.C. The State, War, and Navy Buildi ng, as it was orig in ally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departme nts most in timately associated with formulati ng and con duct ing the n ati on's foreig n policy in thelast quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power. The building has housed some of the nation's most sig ni fica nt diplomats and politicia ns and has bee n the scene of many historic even ts.D. Many of the most celebrated n ati onal figures have participated in historical eve nts that have take n place within the EEOB's gra nite walls. Theodore and Fran kli n D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eise nhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this buildi ng before beco ming preside nt. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japa nese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bomb ing of Pearl Harbor.E. The Eise nhower Executive Office Buildi ng (EEOB) comma nds a unique positi on in both the n atio nal history and the architectural heritage of the Un ited States. Desig ned by Supervis ing Architect ofthe Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the grow ing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departme nts, and is con sidered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the coun try.F. Con struct ion took 17 years as the buildi ng slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOB was fini shed,it was the largest office building in Washington, with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the in terior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was mini mized to in sure fire safety. Eight monumen tal curvi ng staircases of gra nite with over 4,000 in dividually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two sta ined glass rot un das.G. The history of the EEOB bega n long before its foun dati ons were laid. The first executive offices were con structed betwee n 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (in cludi ng those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded con diti ons led to the con struct ion of the exist ing Treasury Buildi ng. In 1866, the con struct ion of the North Wing of the Treasury Buildi ng n ecessitated the demoliti on of the State Departme nt buildi ng.【答案】41. (E) T C T 42. (G) T 43. (A) 44. (B) 45. (D)Part CDirectio ns:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your tran slation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 poi nts)Shakespeare ' s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama.(46) By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47) no boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public playhouse was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for school or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul' s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as wel as at court.(48) but the professi onal compa nies prospered in their perma nent theaters, and uni versity men with literatureambiti ons were quick to turn to these theaters as offeri ng a means of livelihood. By the time Shakespeare was twen ty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Gree ne had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the com mon stage - where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49) A native literary drama had bee n created, its allia nee with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditi ons had bee n beg un.The developme nt of the Elizabetha n drama for the n ext twenty -five years is of excepti onal in terest tostudents of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere nu mber of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousa nd in habita nts. (50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have bee n lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose en tire work has survived.【参考译文】46. 到莎士比亚出生的年代，欧洲经历了宗教戏剧的消亡，以及在古典悲剧和喜剧的影响下新的戏剧形式的产生。

考研英语一历年翻译真题及答案：(2016-1994)

考研英语一历年翻译真题：（2016-1994）（此资料由小七i整理，请不要外传，仅用于考研学习借鉴，如有错误地方，请自行参考其他资料。

）【每年的题目单独编译成页是为了便于打印后直接在上面进行书写】翻译主题分析：1994年:天才、技术与科学发展的关系 1995年:标准化教育与心理评估（364词）1996年:科学发展的动力（331词） 1997年:动物的权利（417词）1998年:宇宙起源（376词） 1999年:史学研究方法（326词）2000年:科学家与政府（381词） 2001年:计算机与未来生活展望（405词）2002年:行为科学发展的困难 2003年:人类学简介（371词）2004年:语言与思维（357词） 2005年：电视媒体2006年：美国的知识分子 2007年：法学研究的意义2008年：达尔文的思想观点 2009年：正规教育的地位2010年：经济与生态 2011年：能动意识的作用2012年：普遍性真理 2013年：人类状况2014年：贝多芬的一生 2015年：历史学方面2016年：心理健康46） We don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy， it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend， a broken bone. 47） Our mental health doesn't go anywhere； like the sun behind a cloud， it can be temporarily hidden from view， but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.48） Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles， with kindness if they are in pain， and with unconditional love no matter who they are.49） Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives， it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.50） As you will come to see， knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.46） This movement， driven by powerful and diverse motivations， built a nation out of a wilderness and， by its nature， shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47） The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas， customs， and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. 48） But， the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America， the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another， and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw， new continent caused significant changes.49） The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after thefifteenth- and sixteenth-century explorations of North America.50） The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia in the south. Here was abundant fuel and lumber.46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.50)One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.47) A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.48)The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.49) Most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic.50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.46) In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.47) Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.48) To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.49) The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.50) Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it.46)Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.47) While we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?”48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.49) Circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.50)The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.47) But we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.46) It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.47) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.48) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.49) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.50) We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling.46)He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.48)On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully."50)Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear preps of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems.47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.49)But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.50)They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe.47) In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.49) Crea ting a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe.50)In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unity we stand, divided we fall” -and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.”61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.63) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.64) Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”65) Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.61) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.64) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. 65) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.73) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century."75) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder--kitchen rage.71)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools relaxation will be in front of smell-television and digital age will have arrived.73）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications，people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas，while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration:“It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”75) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder kitchen rage.71） While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians，modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.72） Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.73） During this transfer，traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.74） There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.75） It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources. And to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.71） But even more important，it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past，for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.72） The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang，first put forward in the 1920s，to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.73） Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures，and may report their findings soon.74） If the small hot spots look as expected，that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea，a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.75） Odd though it sounds，cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics，and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.71） Actually，it isn’t，because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights，which is something the world does not have.72） Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract，as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.73） It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans，or with no consideration at all.74） Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect，extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.75） When that happens，it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action，an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.71） Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.72 ）This trend began during the Second World War，when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. 73） This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.74） However，the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world more fascinating and delightful aspects.75） New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past，giving rise to new standards of elegance.1995年考研英语(一)翻译真题71） The target is wrong，for in attacking the tests，critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.72） How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.73） Whether to use tests，other kinds of information，or both in a particular situation depends，therefore，upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.74） In general，the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicated can not be well defined.75） For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.1994年考研英语(一)翻译真题71） Science moves forward，they say，not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.72）“In short”，a leader of the new school contends，“the scientific revolution，as we call it，was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”73） Over the years，tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. 74） Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth.75） Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa（反之）often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving for。

2016年考研英语一真题及答案解析完整版

2016年考研英语一真题完整版1 _J*Mi "■*■*■—. 1 — i r M —-/■■ —1'■'■—，J" ™v,™v■- ——IM f —JM . > -J^Bi J .J d — fHB —j'LM — I'Hi _■'■"■ ^JBl'EI—"■*■ ^^Mi'一——■■ . .-1 MM — U _■"■■ __1°I*M _^T H ^-M*U —Sect ion I Use of En glishDirections: Read the followi ng text.Choose the best word(s) for each nu mbered bla nk and mark A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may in volve not only his pare nts and his frien ds, 1 those of the young woma n, but also a matchmaker. A young mancan 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man ' s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the select ion. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her pare nts have chose n.5 a spouse has bee n selected, each family in vestigates the other to make sure its child is marryi ng 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the1980s it more com monly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short serm onand 8 prayers of bless ing. Parts of the ceremony in volve ritual hair cutt ing, 9 cott on threads soaked in holy water around the bride ' s and groom ' s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditi on ally move in with the wife ' s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby. Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not com mon. Divorced pers ons are 15 with some _ disapproval. Each spouse reta ins 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and join tly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced pers ons may remarry, but a gen der prejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesn ' t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woma n must wait ten mon ths.1.[A]by way of [B]on behalf of [C]as well as [D]with regard to2. [A]adapt to [B]provide for [C]compete with [D]decide on3. [A]close [B]renew [C]arrange[D]postpone4. [A]Above all [B]ln theory [C]In time [D]For example5. [A]Although [B]Lest [C]After [D]Unless6. [A]i nto [B]within [C]from [D]through7. [A]sinee[B]but [C]or [D]so8. [A]copy [B]test [C]recite [D]create9. [A]foldi ng [B]pili ng [C]wrapping[D]tying10. [A]passi ng [B]light ing [C]hiding [D]servi ng11. [A]meeting [B]collection [C]association [D]u nion12. [A]grow [B]part [C]deal [D]live13. [A]whereas [B]until[C]if [D]for14. [A]obtain [B]follow [C]challenge[D]avoid15. [A]isolated [B]persuaded [C]viewed [D]exposed16. [A]whatever [B]however [C]whe never [D]wherever17. [A]changed[B]brought [C]shaped [D]pushed[C]shows[D]clears20. [A]so that[B]while [C]o nee [D]in thatSection IIReadi ng Comprehe nsionPart A Directions: Read the followi ng four texts. An swer the questi ons below each text by choos ingA,B,C or D. Mark your an swers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 poi nts)Text 1Fran ce,which prides itself as the global inno vator of fashi on, has decided its fashi on in dustry haslost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminaryapproval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thi n models on run ways.The parliame nt also agre ed to ban websites that “ in cite excessive thinn ess ” by promoti ngextreme dieti ng. Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined bylooks that end up impinging on health. That ' s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems togo bey ond protecti ng models from starvi ng themselves to death— as some have don e. It tells the fashi on in dustry that it must take resp on sibility for the sig nal it sends wome n, especially tee nagegirls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determ ine their in dividual worth.18. [A]withdraw n [B]i nvested[C]do nated [D]divided 19. [A]breaks [B]warmsThe ban s, if fully en forced, would suggest to wome n (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps fain tly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe puni shme nt to cha nge a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep —and bon e-show ing. Un der the law, using a fashi on model that does not meet a governmen t-defi ned in dex of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six mon ths in pris on.The fashi on in dustry knows it has an in here nt problem in focus ing on material ador nment and idealized body types. In Den mark, the Un ited States, and a few other coun tries, it is trying to set volun tary sta ndards for models and fashi on images that rely more on peer pressure for en forceme nt.In contrast to France ' s actions, Denmark ' s fashion industry a gre ed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashi on Ethical Charter clearly states: “ We are aware of and take resp on sibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. ” The charter ' s main tool of en forceme nt is to deny access for desig ners and modeli ng age ncies to Cope nhage n Fashi onWeek, which is run by the Danish Fashi on In stitute. But in gen eral it relies on a n ame-a nd-shame method of complia nee.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular in dustry.21. Accord ing to the first paragraph, what would happe n in Fran ce?[A] Physical beauty would be redefi ned.[B] New run ways would be con structed.[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashi on in dustry would decli ne.22. The phrase “ imp inging on ” (Line 2,Para 2) is closest in meaning to[A] heighte ning the value of.[B] in dicat ing the state of.[C] losi ng faith in.[D] doing harm to.23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A] The French measures have already failed.[B] New sta ndards are being set in Denmark.[C] Model are no Ion ger un der peer pressure.[D] Its in here nt problems are gett ing worse.24. A desig ner is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setti ng a high age threshold for models.[B] cari ng too much about models [C] showing little concern for health factors.[D] purs uing perfect physical con diti ons.25. Which of the followi ng may be the best title of the text?[A] The Gre at Threats to the Fashion Industry.[B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty.[C] A Dilemma for the Starvi ng Models in France.[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry ' s Body Ideals.Text 2For the first time in history more people live in tow ns tha n in the country. In Brita in this has had aShakespeare and the Nati onal Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A cen tury ago Octavia Hill laun ched the Nati onal Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save"the beauty of n atural places for every one forever.with spaces for leisure where they could experienee “ a refreshing air. ” Hill ' s pressure later ledcharacter.curious result. While polls show Brit ons rate the coun tryside alon gside the royal family,It was specifically to provide city dwellersto the creation of national parks and gre en belts. They don ' t make countryside any more, andevery year con crete con sumes more of it. It n eeds con sta nt guardia nship.At the n ext electio n none of the big parties seem likely to en dorse this sen time nt. TheCon servatives ' pla nning reform explicitly gives rural developme nt priority over con servati on,even authoriz ing “ off-pla n ” buildi ng where local people might object. The con cept of susta in able developme nt has bee n defi ned as profitable. Labour likewise wants to disc on ti nue local pla nning where coun cils oppose developme nt. The Liberal Democrats are sile nt. Only Ukip, sensing its cha nee, has sided with those pleadi ng for a more con sidered approach to using gree n Iand. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Consecutive parties.The sen sible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities andtowns where in frastructure is in place. The London age nts Stirli ng Ackroyd recen tly ide ntifiedeno ugh sites for half a milli on houses in the London are alone, with no in trusi on on gre en bet. What is true of London is even truer of the provi nces.The idea that “ housing crisis ” equals “ concreted meadows ” is pure lobby talk. The issue is notthe n eed for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Un der lobby pressure, GeorgeOsbor ne favours rural n ew-build aga inst urba n reno vati on and ren ewal. He favours out-of-tow nshopp ing sites aga inst high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural tow ns and villages have grow n and will always grow. They do so best where build ing sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urba n con servatio n areas. Why ruin rural on es?s most Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe crowded country. Halfa century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural cohere nee, while stillpermitt ing low-de nsity urba n liv ing. There is no doubt of the alter native —the corrupted Ian dscapes of souther n Portugal, Spai n or Irela nd. Avoidi ng this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Brita in ' s public sen time nt about the coun tryside[A] didn ' t start till the Shakespearean age.[B] has brought much ben efit to the NHS.[C] is fully backed by the royal family.[D] is not well reflected in politics.27. Accord ing to Paragraph 2, the achieveme nts of the Nati onal Trust are now be[A] gradually destroyed.[B] effectively rei nforced.[C] largely overshadowed.[D] properly protected.28. Which of the follow ing can be in ferred from Paragraph 3?[A] Labour is un der attack for oppos ing developme nt.[C] The Liberal Democrats are losi ng political in flue nee.[D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural con servati on.29. The author holds that George Osborne ' s preferenee[B] The Con servatives may aba ndon "off-plan ” building.[A] highlights his firm sta nd aga in st lobby pressure.[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.[C] stresses the n ecessity f eas ing the hous ing crisis.[D] reveals a strong prejudice aga inst urba n areas.3O.ln the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciatio n of\[A] the size of populati on in Brita in.[B] the political life in today ' s Britain.[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.[D] the tow n-an d-co untry pla nning in Brita in.Text 3“ There is one and only one social respon sibility of bus in esses, ” Wrote Milt on Friedma n, a Nobel prize-w inning econo mist, “ That is,to use its resources and en gage in activities desig ned toin crease its profit ” . But even if you accept Firedma n ' s premise and regard corporate socialclear-cut. New research suggest the CSR may create mon etary value for compa ni es-at least whe n they are prosecuted for corrupti on.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year onCSR,accord ing to an estimate by EPG, a con sult ing firm.This could add value to their bus in esses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “ signal ” that a company ' s productsare of high quality. Second, customers may be willi ng to buy a compa ny ' s products as an in direct resp on sibility (CSR) policies as waste of shareholders mon ey, things may not be absolutelyway to don ate to the good causes it helps.A nd third, through a more diffuse "halo effect, ”whereby its good deeds earn it gre ater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differe ntiati ng these effects because con sumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by look ing at bribery prosecuti ons under America ' s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not con sume a compa ny ' s products as part of their in vestigati ons, they could be in flue need only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehe nsive CSR programmes ten ded to get more lenient pen alties. Their an alysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms ' political in flue nee, rather tha n their CSR sta nd, that acco un ted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study con cludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on itsmerits, they do seem to be in flue need by a compa ny ' s record in CSR. “ We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporategivi ng by about 20% results in fines that gen erally are 40% lower tha n the typical puni shme nt forbridi ng foreig n officials, says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not an swer the questi on of how much bus in esses ought to spe nd on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much compa nies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible ben efits, whe n they decide their do-goodi ng policies. But at least they have dem on strated that whe n compa nies get into trouble with the law, evide nee of good character can win them a less costly puni shme nt.31. The author views Milt on Friedma n ' s stateme nt about CSR with[A] tolera nee[B] skepticism[C] un certa inty[D] approval32. Accord ing to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a compa ny by[A] winning trust from con sumers.[B] guard ing it aga inst malpractices.[C] protect ing it from being defamed.[D] rais ing the quality of its products.33. The expressi on “ more lenient ” (Li ne 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to[A] more effective[B] less con troversial[C] less severe[D] more last ing34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company ' s CSR record[A] has an impact on their decisi on.[B] comes across as reliable evide nee.[C] in creases the cha nee of being pen alized.[D] con stitutes part of the in vestigati on.35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?[A] Its n egative effects on bus in esses are ofte n overlooked.[B] The n ecessary amount of compa nies ' spe nding on it is unknown.[C] Compa nies ' finan cial capacity for it has bee n overestimated.[D] It has brought much ben efit to the banking in dustry.Text 41The New York Times ceases to publish stories on n ewspri nt.publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside The in frastructure required to make a physical n ewspaper-pri nti ng presses, delivery trucks tjust expensive; it ' s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don of finan cial con strain ts. Readers are migrat ing away from print any way. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulati on lower, but rush ing to elim in ate its print editi on would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times should ' t waste time gett ing out of the print bus in ess, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “ Figuri ng out a way to accelerate that tran siti on would make sensefor them, ” he said, “ but if you discontinue it, you ' re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you. ” Sometimes that ' s worth maki ng a cha nge any way. Peretti gives the example of Netflixdisc ontinuing its DVD-maili ng service to focus on stream ing. “ It was see n as a blun der, ” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? "I wouldn ' t pick a year to end print, ” he said. " I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they ' d feel There will even tually come a day whe n Exactly whe n that day will be is a matter of debate.Sometime in the futurethe paper ' s,there ' s plenty of incentive to ditch print. —isn t have the same setlike they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “ So if you ' re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were help ing, ” Peretti said. “ The n in crease it at a higher rateeach year and esse ntially try to gen erate additi onal revenue. ” In other words, if you ' re going tomake a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year——more tha n twice as mush as a digital-only subscripti on.“ It' s a really hard thing to do and it ' s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn ' t have a legacy bus in ess, ” Peretti remarked. “ But we ' re going to have questi ons like that where we have things we ' re doing that don ' t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it ' s better to be more ag gre ssive than less aggressive. ”36. The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due[A] the high cost of operati on.[B] the pressure from its in vestors.[C] the compla ints from its readers.[D] the in creas ing on li ne ad sales.37. Peretti suggests that, i n face of the prese nt situati on, the Times should[A] seek new sources of readership.[B] end the print editi on for good.[C] aim for efficie nt man ageme nt.[D] make strategic adjustme nts.38.lt can be in ferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a "legacy product[A] helps restore the glory of former times.[B] is meant for the most loyal customers.[C] will have the cost of printing reduced.[D] expands the popularity of the paper.39.Peretti believes that, in a changing world.[A] legacy bus in esses are bec oming outdated.[B] cautious ness facilitates problem-solvi ng.[C] ag gre ssiveness better meets challenges.[D] traditi on al luxuries can stay un affected.4O.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B] Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand[C] Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[D] Keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashi onPart BDirections: Read the follow ing text and an swer the questi ons by choos ing the most suitablesubheadi ng from the A-G for each of the nu mbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extrasubheadi ngs. Mark your an swers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 poi nts)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Have con fide nee in yourself[C] Decide if the time is right[D] Un derstood the con text[E] Work with professi on als[F] Make it efficie nt[G] Know your goalsNo matter how formal or in formal the work environment, the way you prese nt yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your compete nee, trustworth in ess, and like ability in just a tenth of a sec ond, solely based on the way you look.The differenee between today ' s workplace and the “ dress for success ” era is that the range of opti ons is so much broader, Norms have evolved and fragme nted. In some sett in gs, red sn eakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we prese nt is mag ni fied by social-media services like decade or two ago. Mille nni als, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal gen erati on yet the most con scious of style and pers onal brandin g. It can be confusing.So how do we n avigate this? How do we know whe n to in vest in an upgrade? And what ' s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:As an executive coach, I ' ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions--whe n look ing for a new job, stepp ing into a new or more public role, or cha nging workenvironments. If you ' re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you ' re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues, and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there ' s no need for anupgrade and that ' s OK.Get clear on what impact you ' re hoping to have . Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it?For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For ano ther, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more moder n and stylish.For some one moving from finance to advertis ing, maybe they want to look more “ SoHo. ” (Its OK to use characterizations like that.)yourenvironment? What convey status? Who are your most importa nt audie nces? How do the people you respect and look up to prese nt themselves? The better you un dersta nd the cultural con text, the more con trol you can have over your impact.En list the support of professi on als and share with them your goals and con text. Hire a pers onal stylist, or use the free styli ng service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist in stead of a barber.Work with a professi onal photographer in stead of your spouse or frien d. It ' s not as expe nsive as you might think.The point of a style upgrade isn ' t to bec ome more vain or to spend more time fussing over whatto wear. I nstead, use it as an opport un ity to reduce decisi on fatigue . Pick a sta ndard work uniformor a few go-to opti ons. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist in stead of shopp ing alone, one article of cloth ing at a time.Part CDirections: Read the followi ng text carefully and the n tran slate the un derl ined segme nts intoChinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46)We don _______ ' t_have_to_learn_how_to_be_mentally_healthy;_it_is_built ___ into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broke n bon e.Me ntal health can ' t be leanned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which understress or through lack of nutrition of exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. Whenwe don ' t understand the value of mental health and we don ' t know how to gain access to it,men tal health will rema in hidde n from us, (47)Our men tal health does n ' t really go any where; like the sun beh ind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidde n from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an in sta nt.Men tal health is the seed that contains self-esteem —con fide nee in ourselves and an ability totrust i n our com mon sen se. It allows us to have perspective on our lives —the ability to n ot take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It ' s a from of inn ate or unlearned optimism. (48)Me ntal health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are havi ng troubles, with kindn ess of they are in pain, and with uncon diti on al love no matter who they are. Men tal health is the source of creativity for solvi ng problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative bus in ess idea or inven ti on to make our lives easier. It gives us patie nce for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although men tal health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has bee n there to direct you through all your difficult decisi on s. It has bee n available eve n in the most mundane of life situati ons to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Men tal health has com mon ly bee n called con scie nce, in sti net, wisdom, com mon sen se, or the inner voice. We thi nk of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of in tellige nt thought. (50)As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingDirections:Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the follow ing draw ing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) expla in its inten ded meaning, and the n3) give your comme nts.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 poi nts)9武只扯嘤求・不如做个樓粹2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题答案详解（完整版） Secti on IUse of En glish【答案】B as well as 【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容可以判断，前后是并列关系，选项中只有 B 选项as well as 2、【答案】D decide on 【解析】根据选项得知空格处需要填谓语动词， 1、 "择偶涉及男方的亲朋好友， ________ 女方的亲朋好友"显然表示并列关系。

2016年6月研究生英语学位课统考题及答案（试卷A）

2016年6月研究生英语学位课统考题及答案（试卷A）2016年学位课统考真题(A卷)Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 20 points) Section A ( 1 point each)1. A Beauty has advantages and disadvantages.B. Beauty has different meanings to different people.C. Beauty brings attention and opportunities.D. Beauty comes from action and good qualities.2. A. She is using the book now.B. She may give him a hand.C. She can‘t lend him the book.D. She will keep the book for him.3. A Rachel lives fairly close to her.B Rachel visits her quite often.C Rachel comes here once a month.D Rachel rarely gets to see her.4. A She forgot about the time change.B She didn‘t receive the text messageC Her roommate forgot to give her the message.D Her roommate was too nervous to tell her.5. A He should have got better grades.B The test was based on lecture material.C She misplaced her textbook.D Small luck plays a big role.6. A On the 16th of June.B. On the 18th of June.C On the 9th of June.D On the 8th of June.7. A. Go to sleep.B. Watch the movie later.C Change the channel.D Set the alarm clock.8. A Wear a formal suit.B Wear casual clothes.C Dress up for the party.D Dress in a costume.9. A. She likes to drink coffee.B She rarely wakes up early.C She needs tea to feel alert.D She always skips breakfast.Section BMini-talk One10. A Southern Europe.B United Arab EmiratesC. North Africa.D. The United States.11. A The wings B The tail C The windowsD The engines12. A To change the airplane industryB To make a trip in a tiny plane.C. To overcome weather issues.D To prove the power of new energy sources. Mini-talk Two13. A Feeling sleepy at work.B Feeling sad or depressedC Feeling unable to think clearly.D Feeling tired in the morning.14. A Time zone change.B An extra hour of sleepC Travel by air far distancesD Unmatched work schedule and lifestyle15. A Nighttime work is hard on some of the workers.B Early risers have litter improvement in wellbeing.C A better rest can benefit employers financially.D Workers report the same level of improvement.Section C16. Choose clothing that fits the employer‘s ______(2 words) and keep yourself clean and tidy.17. Leave your house in _____(3 words) to arrive at least 15 minutes early for your interview.18. Firmly ____(2 words) , right hand only, even if you‘re left-handed.19. If the interviewer seems distracted, lighten the atmosphere by telling an ____(3 words) story about your qualifications.20. If you don‘t understand a question orstatement, ask the interviewer to ____(3 words) it.Part II. V ocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points) Section A (0.5 points)21. Digital technology can be used to alleviate the harmful side effects brought about by farming.A intensifyB reduceC triggerD convert22. It is believed that any improvement in water efficiency would be of considerable benefit .A enormousB marginalC potentialD beneficial23. Materials science is rapidly transformingthe way that everything from cars to light bulbs is made.A enhancingB multiplyingC alteringD pursuing24. The economy of the United States is probably the envy of the world, and its armedforces are unrivalled.A unmatchedB ungrounded D undefined D unpurified25. The central government of China has set about boosting the consumption of greener energy.A discardedB demandedC cancelledD initiated26. Her voice had a peculiarly engaging quality; it was deep,a little husky, and one always heard the breath vibrating behind it.A appealingB disgustingC emergingD painstaking27. Purchase of a second-hand house is a difficult problem that requires careful assessment.A predictionB evaluationC elaborationD assimilation28. A number of ingenious techniques are employed to make the workmanship more delicate.A recruitedB hiredC adopted Dcreated29. The business will show a profit in September provided that sales remain steady all summer.A as soon asB on condition thatC in order thatD by the time30. The miners who had been stuck underground for days were taken to a hospital right away.A for the time beingB behindthe timesC at timesD in no timeSection B (0.5 point each)31. Some infectious diseases, such as AIDS, take a heavy___on human immunity.A impactB lossC tollD casualty32. Because of poor grammar, some sentences in research papers by Chinese students seem ___to the reviewers.A incomprehensibleB inedibleC inestimableD irreplaceable33. Almost each college student is equippedwith a cell phone, laptop and other electronic ____A galaxiesB ornamentsC utensilsD gadgets34. Running for president is ____ demanding , emotionally draining, and physically taxing.A incoherentlyB intellectuallyC intimatelyD invalidly35. The common pattern of human influence on tropical rainforest is a ____ of the habitat into smaller patches.36. State leaders of each generation have to think about how to ___complicated economic issues.A adoreB assembleC addressD alienate37. In 2008, Sarkozy threatened to boycott the Olympic Games in Beijing, ___kowtow shortly afterwards by promising never to interfere with China‘s affairs.A only toB so as toC as toD prior to38. New methods of irrigation can reducewater consumption by roughly 30%____conventional systems.A but forB compared withC related toD other than39. As long as you are pursuing your dream, your efforts will eventually ____.A wear offB pay offC ward offD turn off40. The younger you begin ____, the easier it is to remain physically active throughout your life.A setting outB figuring outC running outD working outPart III Cloze Test ( 10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)A college education is completely necessary for each of us, but we have to ask what it –41—to get into college? High school grades and standardized tests are still the most common measurements. –42—this information is often considered alongsideother sources of information, other indicators of college potential are typically not considered if high school grades and standardized test score s don‘t reach a certain –43---.Even though standardized test scores do predict –44—performance and job performance, relying so heavily on thesescores is problematic –45—a number of reasons. For one, studies have found that the SAT is a better predictor of college performance for white students. –46—reason is that other key skills are neglected that contribute to life success, defined more –47—than merely the capacity for academic learning, including active learning –48--, natural motivation, social-emotional intelligence, imagination and creativity. Creativity and imagination are particularly important skills in this century, --49—how quickly this world is changing. This world needs people who are not only quick learners,but also reflective learners as well as –50--- of new knowledge.41.A.means B takes C seems D likes42.A. But B However C While D Yet43.A.standard B destination C aspect D perspective44.A physical B artistic C mechanical D academic45.A because of B due to C for D owing to46.A The second B A second C Second D The other47.A broadly B narrowly C usually D strictly48.A outcomes B advantages C qualifications D strategies49.A concerning B regarding C considering D involving50.A applicants B creators C witnesses D successorsApply, application, applicantSucceed, successive, succeeding , successorsContinual , continuous80 Years has witnessed the ups and downs of ……Standard, level, criteriaWater table, water levelHigh level, low levelDesign criteriaStandard for designPart IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneA year ago, my boss announced that our large New York ad agency would be moving to an open office. After nine years as a senior。

2016年河北大学外国语学院617俄语语言技能综合考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2016年河北大学外国语学院617俄语语言技能综合考研真题及详解一、选择题（共50分，每题2分。

）1.Тетеуже55лет,ноонавыглядитмоложе_____.А.своигодыВ.своегогодаС.свойгодD.своихлет【答案】D【解析】句意：婶婶已经55岁了，但她看起来比实际年龄要年轻。

比较级的用法，形容词比较级后加第二格形式。

2.Возьмите,пожалуйста,лекарство_____головнойболи.А.кВ.поС.противD.oт【答案】D【解析】句意：请给我治头疼的药。

лекарствоoтголовнойболи治头疼的药。

3.Когдамывошливкино,фильмуже_____.А.началВ.началсяС.начиналD.начинался【答案】В【解析】句意：当我们走进电影院时，电影已经开始了。

强调事情开始，结果对现在仍有影响，用动词完成体表示。

4.Волковбояться—влесне_____.А.ходитьВ.ходиС.идиD.идите【答案】А【解析】句意：既然怕狼，就不要进树林。

通常译为俗语“不入虎穴，焉得虎子”。

5.Впоследниеднистудентыоченьзаняты,_____даженекогдасмотретьфильм.А.ониВ.имС.ихD.ими【答案】D【解析】句意：最近几天，同学们非常忙，他们没有时间去看电影。

комунекогдачтоделать……没时间做……。

6.Вновыйгодподворам_____Дедморозираздавалдетямподарки.А.ходяВ.идетС.идяD.ходил【答案】D【解析】句意：新年到了，圣诞老人在院子里给孩子们派礼物。

句子中用的未完成体过去时，证明动作是多次重复的，因此前文动词要用不定向动词，表示多次重复没有方向的行为。

英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编2

英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编2(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the 1it is associated with.（人大2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：meaning）解析：解析：（语言具有任意性，其所指与其形式没有逻辑或内在的联系。

)2.Human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present(in time and space)at the moment of communication. This quality is labeled as 1.（北二外2003研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：displacement）解析：解析：（移位性是指人类语言可以让使用者在交际时用语言符号代表时间和空间上不可及的物体、事件和观点。

)3.By duality is meant the property of having two levels of structures,such that units of the 1level are composed of elements of the 2level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.(北二外2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：primary）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：secondary）解析：解析：（双重性是指拥有两层结构的这种属性，底层结构是上层结构的组成成分，每层都有自身的组合规则。

英语语言学考研真题与典型题详解1

1。

3考研真题与典型题详解I。

Fill in the blanks。

1。

The features that define our human languages can be called ______ features. (北二外2006研）2。

Linguistics is usually defined as the ______study of language。

（北二外2003研)3. Language， broadly speaking， is a means of______ communication。

4。

In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences b ased on limited rules。

This feature is usually termed______5。

Linguistics is the scientific study of______。

6。

Modern linguistic is______ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some r ules for people to observe.7. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of ______ over writing.8。

The branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of a language is called ______. (北二外2003研)9. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words is called______。

2016年1月硕士研究生入学考试《英语》真题及详解

2016年1月硕士研究生入学考试《英语》真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：150分钟)一、PAPER ONE二、Section A(总题数：9，分数：9.00)（分数：4.15）(1).A.Because it is raining heavily.B.Because they want to have a picnic.C.Because there is too much traffic.D.Because the location is not easy to find.（分数：0.83）A. √B.C.D.【解析】女士说：昨天还是阳光灿烂!现在外面已经是大雨倾盆了。

男士说：我猜你今晚与杰里的约会取消了，对不对?女人说：是啊，因为现在我们无法去野餐了，我今晚只好留在家里。

rain cats and dogs的意思是"倾盆大雨"。

(2).A.Eat in the new cafeteria.B.Save some extra money.C.Look for an evening job.D.Pay the bill and leave.（分数：0.83）A.B.C. √D.【解析】男士说：我真的需要赚一些外快，我实际上已经花光了整个学期的预算。

女士说：你应该去新食堂看看，我想那里还会剩下一些晚上工作的空缺。

(3).A.He will buy a ring for her.B.He will organize the session.C.He will meet Sally right away.D.He will give Sally a call.（分数：0.83）A.B.C.D. √【解析】男士说：你知道吗，莎莉应该在一个小时前在这里和我们碰头，也许我们应该给她打个电话。

女士说：毕竟是她组织的学习班。

你说得对，我这就给她打电话。

give sb. a ring的意思是"打电话给某人"。

河北科技大学专业英语考试题

从横梁到机翼，都必须合理综合材料、尺寸和紧固件才能生成结构。它能可靠实现功能，有一定的使用寿命，价格合理。
Substitution of materials for the sake of weight saving and economy is a major factor in the design both of dvanced equipment and machinery and of consumer products, such as automobiles.
第三定律两个质点相互作用时，存在着一对作用力和反作用力。作用力和反作用力大小相等、方向相反，沿着同一条直线作用在两个质点上。
Law 3 When two particles react, a pair of interacting forces come into existence; these forces have the same magnitudes and opposite senses, and they act along the straight line common to the two particles.
河北科技大学专业英语考试题
2）从希腊或拉丁语中吸收的。如：Therm 热（希腊语），thesis 论文，parameter 参数，radius 半径，
3）新造的词。每当出现新的科学技术现象时，人们都要通过词汇把它表示出来，需要构造新的词汇。如： mechatronics-机电一体化，
转化：通过词类转化为新词。如名词和动词的相互转化。合成：由两个独立的词合成新词。 powerplant（发电站），keydrive（键控），cast-iron （铸铁），复合术语：虽是独立，但实际是一个完整的概念。 Liquid crystal（液晶），computer language（计算机语言）.

历年英语专业考研试题及答案

历年英语专业考研试题及答案模拟试题：英语专业考研一、阅读理解（共20分）Passage 1In recent years, the popularity of online learning has surged, with millions of students enrolling in courses that promiseto teach everything from coding to creative writing. Despite the many advantages of online education, there are concerns about its effectiveness. Critics argue that the lack of face-to-face interaction and the potential for cheating are significant drawbacks.1. What is the main concern of critics regarding online education? (5分)A. The cost of online coursesB. The absence of face-to-face interactionC. The difficulty in teaching certain subjects onlineD. The potential for cheatingPassage 2The concept of "work-life balance" has become increasingly important in modern society. Many companies are now offering flexible working hours and remote work options to help employees achieve this balance. However, some argue that theline between work and personal life is becoming blurred, leading to increased stress and a decrease in productivity.2. What is the main idea of the passage? (5分)A. Companies are not doing enough to promote work-life balance.B. Flexible working options are causing more stress for employees.C. The importance of work-life balance is widely recognized.D. Remote work is leading to a decrease in productivity.二、词汇与语法（共30分）3. The company's profits have ________ by 20% this year.A. increasedB. risenC. grownD. lifted4. Despite the heavy rain, the marathon proceeded ________.A. as usualB. as a ruleC. as matter of factD. as though三、完形填空（共20分）... and yet, the question remains: why do we continue to invest in fossil fuels when we know the ________ of renewable energy sources?A. potentialB. dangerC. costD. scarcity四、翻译（共20分）5. 将下列句子从中文翻译成英文。

2016年河北专接本考试《英语》真题及详解

B They killed themselves. C They were back to the original weighcide. 该问题分值: 2 答案:C 解析：根据文章第二段，离开医院以后，这些肥胖者又反弹到他们的原始体重，可知正确答案选 C。 4. William Simmons made his subjects_________. A battle their genetic inheritance B eat as much as they could C suffer from hunger D lower their weight 该问题分值: 2 答案:B 解析：根据文章第三段可知 William Simmons 让志愿者通过尽可能地多吃东西来增加体重。 5. What did scientists think was true? A Each person wants to eat to his or her heart's contents. B Each person has a weight range of 9 kg. C Each person wants to control his or her height. D Each person has a suitable weight range. 该问题分值: 2 答案:D 解析：文章最后一段，科学家们的研究发现证明了他们认为正确的想法：每个人都有一个固定的体重范围。 6. Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow blindness. Yet, wearing dark glasses or not, they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snow blindness, when exposed to several hours of "snow light". The Canadian Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snow blindness in troops in a snow - covered country. Rather, a man's eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of barren snow - covered terrain. So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, they eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache. Nature offsets this irritation by producing more fluid which covers the eyeball. The fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs, then is obscured, and the result is total, even though temporary, snow blindness. Expriments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. S couts, ahead of a main body of troops, are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they corss completely snow - covered landscape; even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop scouring the snow - blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snow blind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white terrain is overcome. 6. To prevent headaches, watering eyes and blindness caused by glare from snow, dark glasses are A indispensable B ineffective C useful

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