初中英语现在完成时详解
初中英语现在完成时的知识点归纳
初中英语现在完成时的知识点归纳知识点1:现在完成时的构成现在完成时由助动词have/has加上过去分词构成。
当主语是第三人称单数时,要使用has;其他情况下使用have。
例如:I have finished my homework.(我已经完成了作业)She has eaten breakfast.(她已经吃完早饭)知识点2:现在完成时的用法(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,强调完成的结果。
例如:I have read that book.(我读过那本书)(强调现在了解并记住这本书的内容)(2)表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在。
例如:She has lived in London for five years.(她在伦敦住了五年了)(强调过去到现在一直在伦敦住)(3)表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在,可能还会继续下去。
例如:They have been friends since they were kids.(他们从小就是朋友)(强调过去到现在一直是朋友,可能还会继续保持朋友关系)知识点3:现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时常与以下时间状语连用:just(刚刚)、already(已经)、never(从来没有)、ever(曾经)、yet(还、仍然)、recently (最近)、since(自从)、for(持续了多久)等。
例如:I have just finished my homework.(我刚刚完成了作业)Have you ever been to America?(你去过美国吗?)They haven't seen each other since last year.(他们自从去年就没有见过面了)知识点4:现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时强调的是过去的动作对现在的影响或结果,而一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态。
例如:He has lost his key.(他丢了钥匙,结果是他现在找不到)He lost his key.(他丢了钥匙)知识点5:现在完成时否定句和疑问句的构成现在完成时的否定句和疑问句构成是在助动词have/has之后加not 或否定词,疑问句将助动词have/has提到句首。
初中英语现在完成时详解
如今完成时【1 】一.如今完成时组成组成:如今完成时由助动词have + 曩昔分词组成,助动词have 有人称和数的变更.第三人称单数用has,其余用have.如今完成时的否认式直接在助动词后面加上not.疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前.以study 为例,其否认式.疑问式和简略答复情势如下:1.如今完成时平日暗示在措辞之前已经完成的动作或消失的状况.措辞人强调的是该动作或状况对如今的成果或影响.My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去.I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面.She has arrived. 她到了.2.暗示中断到如今的动作或状况,往往和包含如今在内的暗示一段时光的状语连用,如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等.如:I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信.We haven’t seen you recently. 比来我们没有见到你.They have been away for two years. 他们分开已经两年了.She has been with us since Monday.①for+时段②since+曩昔一个时光点(译为:自从……以来)③since+时段+ago④since+从句(曩昔时)⑤It is+时段+since+从句(曩昔时)Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.留意:since和for的差别since后接时光点,如1993,last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段时光,暗示“长达多久”,如ten years, a while, two days等.3.暗示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等,在完成时当中不克不及和暗示一段时光的状语连用,因为它们暗示的动作不成能中断.是以,不克不及说:He has come here for 2 weeks. ×The old man has died for 4 months. ×They have left only for 5 minutes. ×4.has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的差别Have/Has gone(to) :去了(如今不在措辞现场,可能在路上和已经到)Where is your father?He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to) :去过(已不在去过的地方)My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in:呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.5.如今完成时不克不及和暗示曩昔的时光状语连用,如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in,但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用.不克不及与when连用.如今完成时往往同暗示不肯定的曩昔时光状语连用例如:She has already come. 她已经来了.I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个.I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他.Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一向是个勤学生.I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他.They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安.I haven't seen him lately. 我比来没看到他.三.如今完成时的标记1.如今完成时的寄义之一是曩昔完成的动尴尬刁难如今仍有影响,用以下四大标记词可以表达这种寄义:* 以already, just和yet为标记He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮忙.He has just seen the film.他方才看过这场片子.He hasn't come back yet.他还没有回来.* 以ever和never为标记This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾看过的最好的一部片子.He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京.* 以动作产生的次数为标记He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了.* 以so far(到今朝为止)为标+beforeHe has got to Beijing so far.到今朝为止他已到了北京.She has passed the exam so far.到今朝为止她已经经由过程了测验.2.曩昔已经开端的动作一向延续到如今, 甚至有可能中断延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特征和“时光”点段的区分入手,进一步进修如今完成时.①for+时段②since+曩昔一个时光点(曩昔从句)为标记四. 刹时动词buy, die, join, come,go ,leave, join ……不克不及直接与for since 连用.要转变动词buy----have borrow -----keepcome/arrive/reach/get to-----be ingo out----be out leave ----be awaybegin-----be on finish----be overopen----be open close -----be closeddie----be dead1.have代替buyMy brother has had(不克不及用has bought) this bike for almost four years.2.用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不克不及用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3.用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4.用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5.用wear代替put on6.用“be+形容词”代终止性动词be+married代marry be+ill代fall (get) illbe+dead代die be+asleep代fall (get) asleepbe+awake代wake/wake up be+gone代lose,die,sell,leavebe+open代open be closed代close/shutbe+missing(gone,lost)代lose7.用“be+副词”代终止性动词be+on代startbegin“be+up”代get up“be+back(to)”代return to, come back to, go back to“be here (there)”代come(arrive, reach, get) here或go (arrive, reach, get) there8.用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to经常应用刹时动词变延续性动词表:1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.→have been in sw./at…响应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back3. have come/gone out →have been out4. have become → have been5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open6. have got up → have been up;7. have died → have been dead;8. have left sw. → have been away fro m sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep;10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over;11. have married → have been married;12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ;13. have begun → have been on14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had15. have lost → haven’t had16. have put on →have worn17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold;18. have got to know → have known19. have/has gone to → have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Par ty/the army→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…。
初中英语现在完成时讲解
完成时态1。
用法:①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果:强调结果E。
g:Yesterday I finished my homework, that's to say, I have finished my homeworknow。
②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态:强调继续E。
g.::I have lived here since 1990。
2. 现在完成时的构成have\has+过去分词3. 现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句He has finished the work.一般疑问句Has he finished the work?否定句He has not finished the work.两回答Yes ,he has。
No,he hasn’t.特殊疑问句What has he done?4。
在下列情形下用现在完成时(1)九词语①already已经肯定句中或句尾e.g.:I have already found my pen.= I have found my pen already.②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾e.g。
:I have not finished the work yet.Have you bought a computer yet?③ever曾经句中e.g.:Have you ever seen pandas?④never从不句中e。
g.:I have never been to Beijing.⑤just刚刚句中e。
g.:I have just done my work.⑥before以前句尾e.g。
:I have never been there before。
⑦so far到目前为止e。
g.:So far he has learnt 200 words。
⑧how long多久e。
g.:How long have you lived here?⑨how many times多少次e.g.:How many times has he been to Beijing?(2)两词组have〈has>gone to去了某地e。
初中英语语法 现在完成时
初中英语语法现在完成时初中英语语法现在完成时1、现在完成时的构成:现在完成时是由“助动词have/has+动词过去分词”构成的。
①助动词have/has可以与主语缩写为’ve/’s。
e.g. I have → I’ve We have → We’ve He has → He’s It has → It’s②规则变化的过去分词与动词过去式一样。
③不规则变化的动词过去分词见表。
2、现在完成时的基本句型。
①陈述句肯定形式。
e.g. I have had lunch. 我已经吃过午饭了。
He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。
②陈述句否定形式。
(在助动词have/has后+not,可缩写为haven’t/hasn’t)e.g. I haven’t had lunch. 我还未吃午饭。
He hasn’t gone to Beijing. 他还没有去北京。
③一般疑问句形式及其答语。
(将助动词have/has提前,答语一般用have, has回答)e.g. Have you had lunch? 你吃过午饭了没? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.Has he gone to Beijing? 他去过北京了没有? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.否定回答还可以用:No, not yet. / No, never. / No, not even once等。
④特殊疑问句形式。
(疑问词+一般疑问句)e.g. Where has he gone? 他去了哪里?3、现在完成时的三个基本用法。
(1) 现在完成时的第一个基本用法表示过去发生或已完成的某一个动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
e.g. Have you had lunch? Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 你吃过午饭没?有,吃过了,我刚刚吃的。
(影响及结果:我现在饱了,不需要了)He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去北京了。
初二现在完成时全解
【初二】现在完成时全解现在完成时是初二下学期要学到的语法内容,也是初中三年的重点和难点。
一. 现在完成时基本结构①肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词②否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词)二. 现在完成时用法1. 现在完成时用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。
也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在,强调的是现在。
I have already posted the photo.我已经邮寄出了照片。
与此种用法连用的时间状语时一些模糊的过去时间状语,如already (肯定句), yet(否定句/疑问句), just, before, recently, still, lately, never 等。
2. 现在完成时也可用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻,持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去。
He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。
(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。
)此种用法常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用。
谓语动词必须是延续性动词。
有些瞬间动词可变为延续动词:go out----be outfinish----be overopen----be opendie----be deadbuy---havefall ill---be illcome back----be backcatch a cold----have a cold三. 现在完成时常见考法对于现在完成时的考查,多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。
在考试中,会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时,或者是考查“瞬间动词”不能与表示一段时间的状语连用”这一知识点。
[精]初中英语语法现在完成时专题讲解
初中英语语法现在完成时专题讲解1.现在完成时谓语动词的结构形式(1)现在完成时谓语动词的结构形式:助动词have/has+过去分词。
has用于主语为第三人称单数的句子中国,其他各人称用have。
如:I have lived Wuhan for years.She has finished her homework already.(2)现在完成时一般疑问句、否定句、特殊疑问句结构及一般疑问句的答语:*一般疑问句为:将have/has在句子开头,且首字母要大写,句末用问号。
*肯定回答为:Yes,+主语的相应代词+have或has;*否定回答为:No,+主语的相应代词+haven't或hasn’t;*否定句为:在have,has后加not+过去分词。
Have和has可以和not缩写为haven't,hasn't。
*特殊疑问句为:特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+......?如:—Have you read the article in today's newspaper?(一般疑问句)—Yes,I have./No,I haven’t.(肯定、否定回答)—Have your mother finish cooking ?(一般疑问句)—Yes,she has./No,she hasn’t.(肯定、否定回答)They haven’t written to their parents.(否定句)Where have you been all this afternoon?(特殊疑问句)2.现在完成时的用法(1)现在完成时表示目前为止已经完成的动作,常与just,already,yet,ever,never,recently,before,twice,three times等时间状语连用。
这种用法的特点在于动作发生在过去,而强调的是目前的结果或状态。
如:I have seen the film already.Have you seen my bag?He has bought a new car recently?I haven’t heard from Jane lately.。
初中现在完成时讲解完整版
• 2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet. Has, finished
• 3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now. has, come
• 4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office. has gone
He has lived in Beijing since 5 years ago.
since , for 的用法:
•since: (自…以来)
1)since+时间点 NhomakorabeaTake notes
He has stayed here since 5 o’clock. 2)since+ 时间段+ ago
He has stayed here since 5 hours ago. 3)since+ 从句
Present Perfect Tense
现在完成时
past
present(now)
future
现在完成时的结构 主语 + have/ has + 过去分词(pp)
助动词,无意义
Winter has already come, will it still be far in spring ?
现在完成时的结构
She has taught English since he came here.
• for: (长达)
for+ 时间段
He has kept the book for 2 weeks.
初中英语现在完成时讲解
英语中,现在完成时(Present Perfect Tense)是一个描述过去经历和现在状态的时态。
它的构成是由助动词have/has加上过去分词构成。
第一人称和第二人称的构成是have + 过去分词,第三人称单数是has + 过去分词。
例如:I have seen the movie. (我看过这部电影。
)She has finished the homework.(她完成了作业。
)We have been to London. (我们去过伦敦。
)注意,现在完成时强调的是过去经历和现在状态之间的联系,并不能用于描述固定的过去时间。
例如,“我昨天看了一部电影”应该使用过去时,而不是现在完成时。
现在完成时常用于以下情况:表示过去发生的事情对现在仍有影响或者结果。
例如:I have lost my phone.(我把手机丢了。
)She has been sick for a week. (她已经病了一周了。
)表示过去的经历或者动作与现在的状态有关系。
例如:I have learned English for three years.(我学英语已经有三年了。
)He has lived in New York since 2010.(他自从2010年以来一直住在纽约。
)表示动作刚刚完成,或者还有可能发生。
例如:I have just finished my homework.(我刚刚完成了我的作业。
)They haven't arrived yet. (他们还没有到。
)需要注意的是,现在完成时和过去完成时之间的区别。
过去完成时(Past Perfect Tense)用于表示过去某一时刻之前已经完成的动作,而现在完成时用于描述过去经历和现在状态之间的联系。
总之,现在完成时是一种非常常用且重要的时态。
正确使用它能够使我们的英语表达更加准确和自然。
初中英语现在完成时时态结构与用法详细解析
初中英语现在完成时时态结构与用法详细解析标志:have / has + 动词的过去分词1. 表示一个过去发生并已完成的动作对现在产生影响或结果,强调的是现在的状况(表示“已完成”)。
如:He has left the city. (结果:他目前不在这个城市)Someone has broken the window. (结果:窗户破了)2. 表示一个动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也可能还会继续持续下去(表示“未完成”)。
I have been busy since last week.He has taught in our school for 30 years.I’ve finished half so far.注意瞬间动词通常是不能用现在完成时表持续性的,但其否定结构则可以。
如:She hasn’t seen you for ages.His father hasn’t touched beer for a whole week.3. 表示过去到现在为止反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态,常与表示频度的副词always, often, every day等连用。
如:I have often heard that he is the cleverest person in that company.4. 在时间和条件状语从句中,现在完成时表示将来某时完成的动作。
如:I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go the park.5. 与现在完成时连用的常见词语能与现在完成时连用的词语很多,just, already, yet, before, never, ever, recently等,但常见的有:1) since 自从I have been there many times since the war.We haven’t seen each other since last week.We have been friends ever since.2) in / for / during the past/last … years 在过去/最近…中I’ve been ill for the past three weeks.Great changes have take place in the last ten years.I have been here (for) the last/past month.3) so far 到目前为止We haven’t had any trouble so far.So far the search for the missing middle-aged woman has been fruitless.4) up to/until now 到现在为止Up to now he’s been quiet.Up to now, the work has been easy.I have heard nothing from him up till now.Up till now we have planted over 2000 trees.5) It is/will be the first/second … time that …这是第一/二…次…It’s the first time (that) I’ve been here.It will be the first time (that) I’ve spoken in public.It is the second time (that) I have met him today.6) This is + 形容词最高级 + that …这是最…This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.6. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1) 现在完成时强调对现在的影响和结果,与现在有联系;而一般过去时强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去,不涉及对现在的影响。
初中英语 现在完成时
初中英语语法现在完成时一、构成肯定句:have/has+主语+过去分词+其它(当主语是第三人称单数时,用has,其它的用have。
过去分词:规则过去分词与动词过去式相同,不规则动词要特殊记忆)否定句:have/has+主语+not+过去分词+其它疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其它简答:Yes, 主语+have/has.No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t二、现在完成时的用法(一)现在完成时的用法一1:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
2.谈论到现在为止曾经经历或者没有经历的事情。
3.表达刚刚做完某事,已经做完某事,可与just ,already,yet连用。
此时,常与时间副词already(已经),yet(还、已经),just(刚刚、仅仅) ,ever(曾经),never(从不),before(以前)等连用。
这几个副词的用法如下:1.already意为“已经”,通常用于肯定句中,可放在助动词之后,过去分词之前,也可以放在句末。
实例:1)I've already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。
(“读”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。
)2)I've washed my clothes already.我已经洗了衣服。
(洗衣服的动作已完成,其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。
)注意:在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时,already也可用于(口语)疑问句中。
实例:3)Have you met him already ?你(真的)已经见过他了?2.yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”,用在否定句中意为“还”,常放在句末。
实例:1)—Has he found his watch yet ?他已经找到他的手表了吗?—No,not yet.不,还没有。
2)The woman hasn't found her dog yet .那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。
初中英语现在完成时讲解全(共24张PPT)
I studied English ten years ago.
(come来到某地….
left the team
has been on C.
表示动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响。
)
be over
went to bed
填空使用for和since
Tom ___for several hours.
表示动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响。
• She has lived here ______1996.
• 2 标准词:so far/up to now (到目前为止) ;lately/recently(最近)
• Up to now/So far ,I haven’t been successful.
• Lately/Recently,I haven’t seen my teacher.
3. He bought the motorbike a month ago.
---He ____ ____ the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago.
--- He ____ ____ here since three days ago. 5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago.
(finish结束....)
be over
1.我买这本书三年了。Buy I have bought the book.
(1) I have had the book for 3 years. (2) I have had the book since 3 years ago.
了borrow He has borrow the book. (1)He has kept the book for 2 months . (2) He has kept the book since 2 months ago.
现在完成时知识点详解(初中英语专项复习) (6)
现在完成时知识点详解(初中英语专项复习)知识点01现在完成时基本结构【语法详解】主语+have/has+动词的过去分词①肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.①否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词)+宾语.①一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.①特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词(V-ed)+其他)【即学即练】—In the past few years,China’s space program__________a lot.—That’s true.It successfully sent twelve more astronauts to the space station.A.achieves B.achieved C.has achieved D.is achieving【答案】C【详解】句意:——在过去几年,中国的航天已经取得了很大的成就。
——对的,它成功地将12名宇航员送入了太空站。
考查时态。
achieves一般现在时;achieved一般过去时;has achieved现在完成时;is achieving 现在进行时。
根据“In the past few years”可知,用现在完成时,故选C。
知识点02过去分词变化规则【语法详解】1.规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。
变化规则有四点:(1)一般动词,在词尾直接加"-ed"。
work→worked→worked visit→visited→visited(2)以"e"结尾的动词,只在词尾加"-d"。
live→lived→lived(3)以"辅音字母+y"结尾的动词,将"y"变为"i",再加"-ed"。
study→studied→studied cry→cried→cried(4)重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加"-ed"。
初中英语现在完成时解析
—Why is Mr. Yang still in the teachers’ office?
—Maybe he ___B_____ his work yet. A. doesn’t finish B. hasn’t finished C. haven’t finished
( C )【2013广西贵港】 —Do you know the movie Lost in Thailand? —Yes. I ______ it twice. It’s funny. A. saw B. see C. have seen D. will see
(是团员的状态可持续)
比较since和for since 用来说明动作起始时间— “自从……”
for用来说明动作延续时间长度— “长达……”
I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born. My aunt has worked in a company since 1949. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time. 注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时
5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago.
--- The light ____ ____ ____ for 2 hours.
延
1. He died 10 years ago.
续
--- He has been dead for 10 years / since
冬天已经来了,
Winter has already come,
初中英语语法_现在完成时讲解以及练习题
页眉内容现在完成时1.构成现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。
助动词have(has)表明事情发生于现在。
它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。
过去分词在句子中做谓语,说明句子的含义。
2.用法(1)动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在有某种影响和结果。
常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。
如:-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it.你(已经)吃午饭了吗?我刚刚吃过。
(现在我不饿了)(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。
常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。
如:He has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在这儿教书。
(可能还要继续教)I have't seen her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。
(3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。
如: I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。
3.现在完成时的时间状语(1)现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。
如:yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。
但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。
a. 用副词already和yet。
already一般用于肯定句中,yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句中。
如:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
现在完成时详解及练习
现在完成时详解及练习现在完成时是初中英语中最重要也是最难掌握的一个时态,同时它也是中考英语中一个最重要的时态考点,许多同学们对现在完成的用法似懂非懂,具体做题时也往往是跟着感觉走。
本文结合初中英语的教学内容和中考英语的考查特点,为同学们归纳学现在完成时必须注意的几个方面。
一、弄清基本构成方法现在完成时由“have / has+过去分词”构成。
其中的have / has 为助动词,构成疑问句时,可将其提前;构成否定句时,可直接在其后加not。
二、掌握两种主要用法现在完成时主要有两种用法,一种是已完成用法;另一种是未完成用法,也叫持续性用法。
两种用法的特点是:1. 已完成用法:该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成,并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果,同时说话强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果。
如:She has left. 她离开了。
(对现在的影响或结果:她现在不在这儿。
)Has she found her car key? 她找到她的车钥匙了吗?(对现在的影响或结果:她能开她的车了吗?)I have finished my work. 我的工作做完了。
(对现在的影响或结果:现在我没事了。
)He has eaten nothing today. 他今天什么也没吃。
(对现在的影响或结果:他现在一定很饿。
)2. 未完成用法:该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作并未在过去完成,而是一直持续到现在,并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束)。
如:She has been a teacher for 20 years. 她已当了20年的老师。
How long have you lived here? 你在这里住了多久了?They have been married for ten years. 他们结婚已经10年了。
I’ve known her for a long t ime. 我认识她很长时间了。
初中英语语法现在完成时专题讲解
初中英语语法现在完成时专题讲解现在完成时(⼀)⼀、现在完成时定义:(1) 表⽰动作发⽣在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。
常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。
例如:— Have you had lunch yet? 你(已经)吃午饭了吗?— Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 是的,吃过了。
我刚刚吃过。
(现在我不饿了)(2) 表⽰从过去某⼀时刻开始⼀直持续到现在的动作或状态。
这个动作可能刚停⽌,可能仍然在(注意:句中谓语动词要⽤延续性动进⾏。
常带有for和since等表⽰⼀段时间的状语。
(注意:句中谓语动词要⽤延续性动词,对“for…和since…提问要⽤how long)例如:词,He has taught here since 1981. 他⾃1981年就在这⼉教书。
(可能还要继续教)I haven’t seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。
现在完成时还可以表⽰⼀个动作到现在为⽌发⽣过多少次。
常带有twice, ever, never, (3) 现在完成时还可以表⽰⼀个动作到现在为⽌发⽣过多少次。
three times等时间状语。
例如: I have already read this book three times. 这本书我已经看过三次了。
I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京两次。
★对多少次提问要⽤:How many times⼆、现在完成时构成:have\has+过去分词(have\has为助动词助动词,有⼈称变化)四个基本句型:肯定句: He has finished the work.⼀般疑问句:Has he finished the work?否定句: He has not finished the work. Yes ,he has./ No, he hasn’t.特殊疑问句:What has he done?三、现在完成时与⼀般过去时的⽐较现在完成时与⼀般过去时都表⽰在过去发⽣的动作,但现在完成时强调这⼀动作与现在的关系,如对现在产⽣的结果、影响等。
初中英语现在完成时详细讲解
初中英语语法现在完成时详细讲解现在完成时是英语中一种表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果的时态。
它由"have/has + 过去分词"构成。
现在完成时的用法如下:
1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果:
①I have finished my homework.(我已经完成了我的作业。
)这里表示过去完成的动作是完成作业,现在的结果是作业已经完成。
②They have lived in this city for five years.(他们在这个城市已经生活了五年。
)这里表示过去完成的动作是生活在这个城市,现在的结果是他们已经在这个城市生活了五年。
2. 表示从过去某一时间点开始到现在一直持续的动作:
①She has worked at this company since 2010.(她从2010年起在这家公司工作。
)这里表示过去从2010年开始工作,到现在一直在这家公司工作。
3. 表示过去已经发生但时间未具体提及的动作:
①Have you ever been to Paris?(你去过巴黎吗?)这里表示过去是否有去过巴黎,但并未提及具体时间。
需要注意的是,现在完成时强调的是过去的动作与现在的关系,因此常用于包含现在的句子中。
同时,现在完成时通常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,如for、since等,以强调动作的持续性或延续性。
另外,现在完成时不能与明确的过去时间状语连用,如yesterday、last week等,因为这些表示过去具体时间点的状语与现在完成时的
概念不符。
在这种情况下,应使用过去时态表示过去发生的动作。
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I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
3、用be替代become
How long has your sister been a teacher?
4、用have a cold代替catch a cold
2.用be in the army?代替join the army
3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to
常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表:
1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.
→have been in sw./at…相应的介词
6. have got up → have been up;
7. have died → have been dead;
8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.
9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep;
2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back
3. have come/gone out →have been out
4. have become → have been
5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open
2、表示持续到现在的动作或状态,往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用,如recently,already, just,lately, for…, since…,yet等。如:
I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。
We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。
“be+back(to)”代return to, come back to, go back to
“be here (there)”代come(arrive, reach, get) here或go (arrive, reach, get) there
8、用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词
1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to
She has passed the exam so far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试。
2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。
①for+时段??②since+过去一个时间点(过去?从句)为标志
四、?瞬间动词
14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had
15. have lost → haven’t had
16. have put on →have worn
17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold;
18. have got to know → have known
Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
5、用wear代替put on
6、用“be+形容词”代终止性动词
be+married代marrybe+ill代fall (get) ill
be+dead代diebe+asleep代fall (get) asleep
buy, die, join, come,go ,leave, join ……不能直接与for since?连用。要改变动词
buy----have??borrow -----keep
come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in???
go out----be out??leave ----be away
Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.
Have you not (Haven’t you) studied…?
Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
Has he not (Hasn’t he) studied…?
Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
现在完成时
一、现在完成时构成
构成:现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成,助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has,其余用have.
现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例,其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下:
否定式
疑问式
I have not (haven’t) studied….
现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用
例如:
She has already come. 她已经来了。
I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。
I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。
Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。
be+awake代wake/wake upbe+gone代lose,die,sell,leave
be+open代openbe closed代close/shut
be+missing(gone,lost)代lose
7、用“be+副词”代终止性动词
be+on代startbegin“be+up”代get up
begin-----be on?????finish----be over
open----be open???close -----be closed
die----be dead
1、have代替buy
My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.
They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。
She has been with us since Monday.
①for+时段
②since+过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来)
③since+时段+ago
④since+从句(过去时)
⑤It is+时段+since+从句(过去时)
I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。
They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。
I haven't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。
三、现在完成时的标志
1、现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:
二、现在完成时用法
1、现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。
My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。
I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。
She has arrived. 她到了。
They have left only for 5 minutes. ×
4、has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)?的区别
Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场,可能在路上和已经到)
Where is your father?He has gone to Shanghai.
10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over;
11. have married → have been married;
12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth.?;
13. have begun → have been on
Have/Has been (to) :去过(已不在去过的地方)
My father has been to Shanghai.
Have/has been in:呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)
My father has been in Shanghai?for two months. /since two months ago.
5、现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in,但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。不能与when连用。
*?以already, just和yet为标志
He?has already got?her help. 他已得到她的帮助。
He?has just seen?the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。
He?hasn't come?back?yet. 他还没有回来。
*?以 best film I?have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。
19. have/has gone to → have been in
20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…