古希腊罗马神话第三讲

Review
• • • • • • Athena and Arachne Demeter (Ceres) Hestia (Vesta) Hermes (Mercury) Apollo and Daphne The Muses and the Graces
Hades (Pluto普鲁托)
• Hades (哈得斯), the god of the dead and the ruler of the Underworld, was generally considered a fierce and pitiless god, unmoved by any prayer or sacrifice, but he was not evil. • The underworld itself was often called Hades, which the Greeks believed was beneath the earth, a place for the souls of people who deserved neither punishment nor reward when they died. • Though it was not especially a painful place, the dead led a dull, gloomy and unhappy life there. • The deeper part of the underworld, called Tartarus, was a place for punishment, where the Titans and other enemies of the gods suffered eternal torment. • Soon after people died, their souls had to pass through Erebus(阴阳交接的黑暗界), a place of complete darkness, on their way to Hades.
古希腊罗马神话古希腊罗马神话漫画罗马神话罗马神话人物罗马神话电影希腊罗马神话罗马神话中的神希腊罗马神话ppt罗马神话体系希腊神话和罗马神话
Part I: The gods in mythology (众神)
• 1. The origin of the gods ( 众神的起源) • 2. The Olympian Gods (奥 林匹斯诸神) • 3. The Titans and other gods and goddesses (提 坦巨神与其他次要神祗)
Satyrs (萨提罗斯)
• Satyr (faun 法翁) was a minor god of the woods and mountains in Greek mythology. • He was part man and part animal, with pointed ears, horns, goats' legs and hoofs and a horse's tail. • Satyrs were the companions of Dionysus, the god of wine, and Pan, the god of woods and pastures. • Most of them were young, playful, mischievous and had very strong sexual desires. • satyr: 淫荡纵欲的男人，好色之徒 • satyriasis: 男人过于旺盛的性欲，男 子色情狂
Silenus (西勒诺斯)
• Some older satyrs were shown as ugly drunkards, but considered extremely wise and Silenus was oldest of the Satyrs, the son of Hermes, or of Pan, a woodland god. • He was the teacher of young Dionysus, and often accompanied him on his travels. • He was usually drunk, but extremely wise. And if caught in a drunken sleep, he could be forced to tell what was going to happen in the future. • King of Phrygia, Midas, once treated Silenus very well, and as a reward for his hospitality, Dionysus granted him the golden touch (点金 术). • Socrates: uglier than Silenus, but extremely wise
Dionysus (Bacchus 巴克斯)
• The celebration developed into Greek drama, and the great dramtic contests were held during the festivals. • It was for this celebration that the Greek dramatists Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides wrote their great tragedies. • 在文学批评里，Dionysus 常常被当作 Apollo 的对立面：酒神式(Dionysiac, Dionysian) 的作品放纵不羁，充满了野性、 感性和激情；日神式 (Apollonian) 的作品 则理性、清明、有节制。 • Bacchus: bacchanal n. & adj. 狂欢作乐 的闹宴,酒神节; bacchanalian n. & adj. 纵 酒狂欢的(人)
Video
• Midas's golden touch • Do you want to have a pair of hands which can turn anything they touch into gold? • Midas touch: 财运亨通
Aphrodite (Venus)
Dionysus (Bacchus 巴克斯)
• He is frequently represented in a chariot drawn by tigers or panthers (豹子), and accompanied by his drunken and merrymaking followers, including nymphs, satyrs, and the maenads (巴克斯的侍女，狂 女). • Greeks also believed that Dionysus was also a spirit of plants, who taught people how to farm, especially how to grow grapes and make wine. • As a spirit of plants, he died each winter and came to life again in the spring. • Then the Greeks celebrated festivals each year in honor of the rebirth of Dionysus.
Dionysus (Bacchus巴克斯)
• Dionysus (狄俄尼索斯), the god of wine, was the son of Semele and Zeus. • When as an unborn baby, he was rescued by Zeus from the ashes, he was put in the thigh of his father until it was time for him to be born. • Later the young Dionysus rescued his mother from the underworld and brought her to Olympus. • The ancient Greeks associated Dionysus with wild joy and violent behavior, especially actions caused by drinking too much wine.
The Underworld
• The world of the dead was seperated from that of the living by a number of rivers, with Styx (斯梯克斯河，冥河) best-known. • To cross it, a soul had to be ferried by Charon (冥府渡神), an old boat-man, who demanded payment, therefore, the Greeks placed coins in the mouths of their dead before burying them. • The entrance of Hades was guarded by Cerberus, the watchdog with three heads and a tail of dragon, to prevent any of the dead from going out again. • Arriving in the underworld, each soul was assigned to its eternal home by one of the three judges – Aeacus, Minos, or Rhadamnthys. • The souls of those who had led virtuous lives went to an imaginary island called Elysium (极乐世界), where they enjoyed perfect happiness after death.
• Aphrodite (Venus) is generally considered to be the goddess of love, beauty, and fertility. • Her name might mean “foam-risen” originally, according to Hesiod’s Theogony (神谱). • But according to Homer’s works, she was the daughter of the goddess Dione and Zeus. • She was married to Hephaestus (Vulcan), the lame and ugly god of fire. • But she was unfaithful to her husband, and had a love affair with Ares (Mars). • One day, finding the lovers sleeping together, Hephaestus caught them with an invisible net and showed them to the gods, putting them to great shame.
Vocabulary
• 1. Hades常用做hell的委婉语 • 2. Styx (冥河)： • Stygian: 如冥河般幽暗的，阴森 森的 • cross the Styx: 渡过冥河，死亡 • 3. Elysium常指极乐世界，完美的 幸福，天堂般的生活 • Elysian: 极乐的，无比幸福的 • 4. pom