2019版高考英语(课标版)一轮复习题组优化训练：第三部分 专题五 七选五

专题五七选五
Passage 1[2017乙卷(全国Ⅰ)]
If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 36
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 37 We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.
I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 38 Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.
39 We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with
a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.
40 It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.
A. This time there was no tent.
B. Things are going to be improved.
C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.
D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.
E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.
F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.
G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
Passage 2[2016丙卷(全国Ⅲ)]
Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 16 But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year,but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult. 17 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.
18 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh.19 When you have bought a fish and arrive home,you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.
There are many common methods used to cook fish. 20 First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices (调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then,it’s ready to serve.
A.Do not buy it.
B.The easiest is to steam it.
C.This is how you can do it.
D.It just requires a little knowledge.
E.The fish will go bad within hours.
F.When buying fish, you should first smell it.
G.The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.
Passage 3[2016四川]
Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 36 In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.
One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 37 Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow. In fact,women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.
38 They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men. The common cold is a good example:women, on average, get fewer colds than men.
39 Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency(倾向)to age more slowly than a man’s. Others think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly.40
A.However, women, on average, live longer.
B.The biological factor plays an important part.
C.Women are also helped by their female genes.
D.The female hormones also protect the body in another way.
E.Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.
F.Therefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.
G.Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body functions.
Passage 4[2016北京]
The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring.72 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then?Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived,though,along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result,humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it.73
No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range,scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.74 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
75 For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking,we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A.It all depends on your character.
B.Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C.Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D.Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E.This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F.However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G.New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
Passage 5[2015新课标全国Ⅱ]
Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady,gradual increases in the length of the runs. 36, buy the best-fitting, best-built running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right,walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 37. As always, you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.
During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. 38, it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.39. After two weeks, start timing yourself. 40.Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.
A.After six days
B.For a good marathon runner
C.Before you begin your training
D.With each day, increase the distance by a half mile
E.If they still feel good, you can begin running in them
F.Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training
G.Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time
A组基础题
Passage 6[2018安徽安庆一中、安师大附中联考测试]
You go to a store to buy food for a party.But when you get to the cash register,there are no plastic bags for the things you buy.If you live in San Francisco,this situation might not surprise you. 16 Many cities and towns around the United States may ban plastic bags. 17 Instead,they’d like people to use their own cloth bags when they shop. 18 They say they wouldn’t buy as much if they couldn’t get a free bag.Store owners don’t want to lose business.So they want to keep offering plastic bags.
Stores should be banned from using plastic bags.Here’s why:
All those plastic bags fill up garbage dumps (垃圾站).That hurts the environment.
People can use cloth bags instead. 19
Stores should not be banned from using plastic bags.Here’s why:
People might buy less if stores don’t offer plastic shopping bags.Some stores might go out of business.
Some people reuse plastic shopping bags for things like garbage.If they don’t get them for free,they’ll have to buy some. 20 That could get expensive.
A.These bags don’t get thrown away until they’ve been used many times.
B.There should always be a choice.
C.If shoppers forgot a cloth bag,they would have to buy one.
D.But many people don’t want to buy their own cloth bags.
E.Many people throw them away after using them.
F.That city has banned most plastic shopping bags in stores.
G.They hope that shoppers won’t use paper bags either.
Passage 7[2018湖南浏阳一中、株洲二中等湘东五校联考]
Is asking for the Wi-Fi password the first thing you do when you walk into a restaurant or cafe? For many the answer is yes, for others it may be the second thing they do. In any case, in an age of logging in wherever we go, many people use sensitive information on the invisible Net, posing a risk to their finances and personal safety.
Following safety tips are provided by Xu Xingxing,28, a senior engineer in the Internet payment department of ePo(Beijing) Information Technology Company.
How to avoid being tricked
36It’s best to include special characters in the password,as this makes it harder for hackers to decipher (破译).
Most viruses come from illegal websites, USB sticks and mobile hard drives, so you should run a virus scan before you use them. 37 So pay attention that you don’t point the camera at your keyboard.
Friends and relatives should also be cautious about strange requests,especially from someone who is abroad.
38 Students should leave multiple contact numbers with their family and keep family and friends updated on their news.
How to avoid phishing(网络钓鱼)
It’s best to use a U aegis(U盾), or a dynamic verification code (验证码) for every bank transaction. With these measures, hackers can’t take your money even if they know your password.
The passwords for your social media accounts, bank accounts, e-mails and forums should all be different. 39
How to stay safe on the go
Usually, you need to ask the staff in the store to give you the Wi-Fi password. If there are several Wi-Fi networks, ask the staff to confirm which one is provided by the store.
Some people like to connect to Wi-Fi networks automatically on their smartphones or laptops, but this means they’re at the risk of falling into a trap without even noticing.40
A.This is because the password for a forum can be easily cracked, and if the passwords for your other accounts are all the same,hackers can access your e-mail inbox,find personal information and figure out other passwords.
B.Always set up a complicated password for your accounts.
C.It’s safer to choose "connect manually(手动)".
D.The passwords usually contain one’s personal information so use the same password for many purposes can be perfect to protect individual’s personal information.
E.People abroad are usually harder to reach when verification is needed, and relatives and family members are often extra protective when they hear about an emergency.
F.So that’s the reason why you should connect to the Net after asking the staff.
G.When a virus accesses your computer,the hacker can control the camera to record your image,or even to record you typing in passwords on your keyboard.
Passage 8[2018广东惠州高三第一次调研考试]
My father used to be an amateur wrestler and national champion. He was forced by his father to give up the sport in order to obtain gainful employment, which meant he wouldn’t be able to win a medal for our country. Therefore, he made a vow that his unborn son would realize his unfinished dream. 36
He was about to give up hope when one day, my younger sister Babita and I beat up two boys accidentally in response to critical comments. My dad found our potential to become wrestlers and began coaching us. 37 We were required to do physical training early in the morning and have short haircuts to avoid lice.
38 We complained about him all the time. Gradually, I realized that he wanted us to have a good future and not grow up to be ordinary housewives. Motivated, we willingly participated in his coaching.
With great efforts, he made us competitive wrestlers and I won junior and senior championships, providing me with a chance to gain training in the National Sports Academy, where pride and agony fulfilled my mind. 39 As a result, I found myself losing every match at the international level. After that, I turned to him for help. Then he coached me patiently.
Despite difficulty,I finally became the first Indian female wrestler to qualify for the Olympics,inspiring dozens of Indian women to take to wrestling. Even now,Papa’s words are still in my mind" Geeta, think about all the girls who are thought to be inferior to boys, girls who are forced to do chores, girls who are married and have children. Not only will you compete with other countries,but also with those who look down upon women!"
I will never forget about Father’s instruction. 40
A. But his methods were cruel.
B. I almost abandoned what Papa had taught me.
C. Disappointingly, my mother gave birth to all girls.
D. My sister and I tried to escape.
E. I will always owe all success to him.
F. At first, my sister and I did not understand our father.
G. However, my mother didn’t agree with him.
B组提升题
Passage 9[2018湖北部分重点中学高三考试]
How to avoid a boring conversation
What excuses should you use to avoid talking to people you don’t want to talk to?Here are tips and inoffensive ways to get out of unwanted conversations.
1.Go for a refill(续杯).
It is natural for anyone at a party to be excused to get a refill. 36 And once you excuse yourself, make
a move fast before the person requests you to get a refill for him as well.
2. Pretend bad mood.
Cut off the conversation before it starts by saying something along the lines of "I’m not in a good mood. Can I talk to you later if you don’t mind?"37 Say it firmly so that people get the message loud and clear.
3.Ask your friend to save you.
38 Simply text your friend and ask him or her to come for apparently something important. You will be able to skip a boring chat with a seemingly reasonable excuse.
4.39
You are advised to look away from that person and don’t make eye contact, so that you can give powerful hints (暗示)that you find the conversation extremely boring. 40 Be sure to tune in to the conversation every now and then so you don’t come across as rude.
A. Behave in an obviously careless way.
B. Just be sure that the person you are talking to does not offer to accompany you to do so.
C. Don’t act too polite in an attempt to draw sympathy.
D. Use body language to indicate boredom.
E. Your friend is bound to perform brilliantly in coping with the dull one.
F. Look elsewhere and pretend that something else has caught your attention.
G. Stuck in an unwanted conversation, how do you get out of it?
Passage 10[2017广东七校联考]
How to pick a great book to read
The world is full of great books, just waiting to be read. How can you pick one you’ll really like? Here are some tips:
What makes you happy?
If you have a favorite hobby or pastime,look for books about that activity.36Do there exist a few careers you’re interested in?You can find books about almost anything you like,and you’re more likely to enjoy reading a book if you’re already interested in its subject.
Fact or fiction?
37Those are called fiction books. Novels, short stories, and fables are all examples of fiction. These books can transport you to another world or help you imagine something beyond your own experience. Non-fiction books give you the who, what, when, and why. They tell stories using facts — but that doesn’t mean they’re boring. Non-fiction books can bring to life everything from the first trip to the moon to what it’s like to explore the deepest oceans. Many of them read like novels from start to finish. Try both fiction and non-fiction books to see which you like better.
Find a family favorite.
What was your mother’s favorite book when she was your age? Or your dad’s? What about a sibling’s?38 Then you can talk about what they liked about it and share your thoughts. It’s a fun way to get to know your family a little better, and to find a book you’ll enjoy!
39
Your local library is a great place to find books that you’ll love, and you don’t have to search all by yourself. Tell a librarian about your interests — rock stars, sports teams, historical events, whatever you’re into — and the names of some books you already like. Your librarian can help you find other books that you’re sure to love. Your teacher is another good person to ask.
Launch a book swap(交换).
Why not get some friends together and trade favorite books?It’s always fun to see what your friends are readi ng. Even if they’re not exactly bookworms, you can all encourage each other to read and share books and authors you like. You can also look for book swaps in your area.40
A.Ask them and give it a read.
B.Read as many books as possible.
C.It’s a great way to build your personal library for free!
D.Ask an expert.
E.Some books are entirely made up and imagined.
F.Are you really into dinosaurs or dogs or a specific celebrity?
G.Set up a private library.
Passage 11[2017湖北四地七校联考]
How long can human beings live?36 However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live —if he or she is extremely healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years!
37 They wear out, and as a result, we get old and eventually die.
Even though we can’t live forever,we are living a longer life than ever before. In 1900,the average American life span was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!
38 Sixty-five may be out of date as the dividing line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental decline until after age 75.
People are living longer because more people survive childhood. 39 Now that the chances of dying young are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.
40 The changes in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see chances, not disaster. Many men and women in their "golden years" are healthy,still active,and young in mind if not in age. With long lives ahead of older citizens, they need to stay active and devoted.
A.When does old age begin then?
B.On the whole, our population is getting older.
C.As the society grows old, we need the contributions of our older citizens.
D.Yet, the cells in the human body simply cannot continue to reproduce endlessly.
E.A recent research shows that cancer cells can multiply themselves like crazy at all times.
F.Most scientists studying old age think the human body is designed to live no longer than 120 years.
G.Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood diseases.
Passage 12
Are you planning to go to university?1 Perhaps you will be choosing the classes you want to take,finding accommodation and enrolling in other activities. However, if you go to university in Chile there is something extra you must do before you can begin.
An essential part of starting university in Chile is the "mechoneo". 2 Students beginning their first year at university are "welcomed" by the older university students. They are taken from their classrooms on an unknown day and blindfolded. The older students tear their clothes, cut their hair, and cover them in raw eggs and other disgusting things.
3 This will be based on how well the students do the activities,and many students try very hard as they want to be the king or queen of the year. The older students then take away everything of the younger students and tell them they must go out onto the street and ask people for money. They will need to bring back a certain amount of money in order to be given their things back. 4
During March it is common to see new university students all around town wearing ripped, dirty clothes and covered in paint and mess. But the "mechoneo" is increasingly a source of dispute and debate. Some students see it as an important tradition and a unique experience that help new arrivals get to know everyone. 5 There have been campaigns to ban or soften it in favour of more "positive welcomes",and student organisations in some universities have voted to end the "mechoneo" completely.
A. It is an ancient university tradition here.
B. The younger students are forced to do games in dirty places.
C. The "queen mechona" and "king mechon" are chosen that day.
D. They have to do games and take up challenges for a whole day.
E. But others find it abusive, like a form of bullying.
F. What do you think you need to do in the first few weeks?
G. The money is then used to have a massive welcome party at night-time.
Passage 13
It’s always more fun travelling with friends. 1 So travelling alone becomes your only choice if you want to see the world. But travelling alone can be fun as well.
2 There is no better way to throw yourself out of your comfort zone than travelling alone. Everybody is comfortable when they are travelling with people they know,but travelling alone makes you suddenly responsible for everything and it makes you grow up quickly and become more independent. You have to go and eat meals on your own, find your own way using a map and when in a country where people speak another language, you have to overcome the language barrier alone and make yourself understood. You always wonder what people think of you as you walk or eat alone. 3
You can do whatever you want to do. While travelling alone, you have no social pressure to do things you don’t want to do in order to keep fellow travellers happy. You become your own guide,timekeeper and trip planner and you are completely free to plan what you want to do, whenever and however long you want to do it!4 You meet lots of new people. 5 You have to ask for directions, eat, drink and visit cultural sites and it is so easy to make friends, especially with foreigners who may be in a similar position to you. You can find groups online in advance which advertise language exchange groups or activities in the evenings for you to go to. Getting lost is normally a great way of chatting to people and finding hidden cultural treasures that you didn’t know about.
A. It forces you out of your comfort zone.
B. You have to stay bored on the beach because your friends don’t want to see the museum you’re excited to see.
C. It can be quite lonely if you don’t make friends quickly.
D. While travelling alone, it is impossible not to make friends and speak to new people.
E. You’ve got far more freedom to do the things you want to do.
F. If something should go wrong, we had that safety net to fall back on.
G. However, sometimes it’s just not possible, as life gets in the way.
Passage 14
Sleeping and Personalities
You may be active or humorous,and others may be shy or serious. Why do many people have different personalities? In fact, everyone has got two personalities — the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake because you can control your behavior.
1 In a normal night,of course,people frequently change their position. The important position is the one that you go to sleep in.
●If you go to sleep on your back,you’re a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas. You don’t like to upset people, so you never express your real feelings. 2
●lf you sleep on your stomach,you are a rather secretive(惯于掩藏自己的)person. You worry a lot and you’re always easily upset. You’re very stubborn,but you aren’t very ambitious. 3 This means that you enjoy having
a good time.
●If you sleep curling up, you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself, so you’re often defensive.4 You prefer to be on your own. You’re easily hurt.
●If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced personality. You know your strengths and weaknesses. You’re usually careful. You have a confident personality. You sometimes feel anxious,but you don’t often get depressed.5
A.But when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you.
B.You’re shy and you don’t normally like meeting people.
C.You prefer to stay alone.
D.You’re quite shy and you aren’t very confident.
E.You always say what you think even if it annoys people.
F.You usually live for today but not for tomorrow.
G.You often keep quiet and always stick to what you believe is true.
Passage 15
Waking up early makes a man fit,wealthy,and wise. 1 Listed below are a few benefits of waking up early.
·Help to remain positive
A person can remain positive the whole day,if he/she wakes up early. The overall attitude changes,and there is a feeling of freshness. By waking up early, one can also stay motivated. 2
·Increase in confidence level
A person who wakes up late often faces the problem of low confidence. 3 There is a sense of satisfaction and contentment, which one can experience in the morning.
·Increase productivity
A fresh mind is more productive. By waking up early,a person can increase the productivity related to work. Fresh mind creates more ideas, so it reflects on the work.
·Self-discovery
A person who wakes up early often reaches the path of self-discovery. 4 A person can achieve a right balance by praying early in the morning. This helps to gain peace of mind.
·Reduce stress
Sleeping late and waking up late cause stress, since there is no right balance in the body. By waking up early, a person can reduce the mental and physical stress of the body. The mind is fresh,so a person feels fresh rather than stressed.
·5
If a person wakes up early, that person can do things according to plan. Setting up the priorities for the day will give him/her extra time to relax. In that free time, one can also indulge in hobbies like writing and painting.
A.Get time to relax.
B.Help to stay healthy.
C.But, there are not many people who follow this.
D.Early breakfast and work out can help a person remain fit.
E.This helps a person to remain relaxed during the whole day.
F.But, by waking up early, one can increase the confidence level.
G.Early morning meditation and yoga can help to relax the mind and body.
Passage 16
Break in Springtime
In late March and early April, most US schools, ranging from kindergartens to colleges, give students one to two weeks off from school. 1
Some families go on vacation, visiting a new state or even a new country. Students can also relax at home, reading books and watching movies.
2 A number of coastal towns put on special musical performances and deals specifically for spring breakers. The Ultra Music Festival on Miami Beach, for instance, started on March 28 this year.
3 Take Japan as an example. Instead of partying,many Japanese students work as interns(实习生)or engage in study-related projects during their breaks.
In the UK, students are given a reading week. 4
5 Only a few universities,such as Renmin University of China and Yantai University,offer spring breaks to students. "Spring break in China is meant to push students out of their ivory towers to experience more diversity," said Qin Jianguo, who works in the student affairs office at Shenzhen University.
A.However, the days off school are not only used for fun.。