中外文化的差异 诗歌篇 英文版 speech
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钱唐湖春行孤山寺北贾亭西水面初平云脚低几处早莺争暖树谁家新燕啄春泥乱花渐欲迷人眼浅草才能没马蹄最爱湖东行不足绿杨阴里白沙堤1
The various versions of Chinese poetry, as known historically and to the general knowledge of the modern world, include two primary types, Classical Chinese poetry and Modern Chinese poetry
6）. Epigram (讽刺短诗;警句;隽语 诗,)
• Epigram: a short poem ending in a witty turn of thought. Brief and rhymed, epigram is usually satiric, mercilessly playful and sometimes malicious. • Example: The following is from J.V. Cunningham (1911-1985) :
4）.Quatrain(四行诗)
• Quatrain: a four-line stanza in many line lengths and sometimes in lines of varying length, rhymed usually in lines two and four. • Example: This stanza is used very often in English poetry, most notably in ballads, and in Thomas Gray's "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" and Tennyson's In Memoriam. Here is an example from Tennyson's "Break, Break, Break". • Break, break, break, • On thy cold gray stones, O Sea! • And I would that my tongue could utter • The thoughts that arise in me.
• Examples: Geoffrey Chaucer and John Dryden among others have written in couplets. The following is from Dryden's "Mac Flecknoe". • All human things are subject to decay • And when fate summons, monarchs must obey.
2）.Couplet （对偶句）
• Couplet: a pair of rhymed lines which may or may not constitute a separate stanza in a poem. Popular in the eighteenth century, a couplet may be long or short, but usually contain a complete thought in itself, the first line ending with a pause and the second line with a full stop
Tang poetic forms include: lvshi, a type of regulated verse with an eight-line form having five, six, or seven characters per line; ci (verse following set rhythmic patterns); and jueju (truncated verse), a four-line poem with five, six, or seven characters per line.
3）.Tercet（同韵三行诗节）
• Tercet: a three-line stanza, also called terza rima, which, if rhymed, keeps to one rhyme sound. • Example: Dante's Divine Comedy and Shelley's "Ode to • the West Wind" used this stanza. The following is from Shelley. • O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being, • Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead • Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,
1）.Blank verse （无韵诗体） Blank verse: unrhymed iambic pentameter, a line consisting of five feet of unstressed and stressed syllables.
Examples: Shakespeare's plays, Milton's Paradise Lost and Wordsworth's Prelude are written in blank verse. The following is from Shakespeare's a stage, And all the men and women merely players: They have their exits and their entrances.
By this point, poetry was being composed according to regulated tone patterns. Regulated and unregulated poetry were distinguished as "ancient-style" gushi poetry and regulated, "recentstyle" jintishi poetry.
5）.Sonnet(十四行诗)
• Sonnet: a fourteen-line stanza of iambic pentameter. Coming originally from Italy and used often to write love poems, the English sonnet has different rhyme schemes. The Italian sonnet, or Petrarchan sonnet（ (意大 利诗人彼特拉克推广的) 彼特拉克体十四行 诗）, consists of an octave (8-line stanza) and sestet .The English sonnet, initiated by Edmund Spenser called Spenserian Stanza. • Shakespearean sonnet, consists of three quatrains and a couplet.
Classical Chinese poetry includes, perhaps first and foremost shi (诗), and also other major types such as ci (词) and qu (曲). There is also a traditional Chinese literary form called fu (赋), which defies categorization into English more than the other terms, but perhaps can best be described as a kind of prose-poem.
• This Humanist whom no beliefs constrained • Grew so broad-minded he was scatter-brained
7）. Limerick: (五行打油诗)
• Limerick: five anapestic lines. Made popular by Edward Lear (1812-1888), author of nonsense poems, limerick is humorous and playful. • Example: The following is from an anonymous author and about Einstein's theory of relativity. • There was a young lady named Bright • Who traveled much faster than light. • She started one day • In the relative way • And returned on the previous night.
A Visit to Qiantang Lake in Spring Bai Juyi
Gushan temple north Jiating west Water surface first flat cloud base low Several places early orioles fight warm tree Every house new swallows peck spring mud Disordered flowers gradually almost confuse person eye Light grass able hide horse hoof Most love lake east go not enough Green poplar shade in white sand causeway Gushan Temple is to the north, Jiating pavilion west, The water's surface now is calm, the bottom of the clouds low. In several places, the first orioles are fighting in warm trees, By every house new swallows peck at spring mud. Disordered flowers have grown almost enough to confuse the eye, Bright grass is able now to hide the hooves of horses. I most love the east of the lake, I cannot come often enough Within the shade of green poplars on White Sand Embankment. 钱唐湖春行 孤山寺北贾亭西 水面初平云脚低 几处早莺争暖树 谁家新燕啄春泥 乱花渐欲迷人眼 浅草才能没马蹄 最爱湖东行不足 绿杨阴里白沙堤
A high point of classical Chinese poetry occurred during the Tang period (618 - 907): not only was this period prolific in poets; but, also in poems (perhaps around 50,000 poems survive, many of them collected in the Collected Tang Poems). During the time of Tang, in China, poetry was integrated into almost every aspect of the professional and social life of the literate class, including becoming part of the Imperial examinations taken by anyone wanting a government post.
The various versions of Chinese poetry, as known historically and to the general knowledge of the modern world, include two primary types, Classical Chinese poetry and Modern Chinese poetry
6）. Epigram (讽刺短诗;警句;隽语 诗,)
• Epigram: a short poem ending in a witty turn of thought. Brief and rhymed, epigram is usually satiric, mercilessly playful and sometimes malicious. • Example: The following is from J.V. Cunningham (1911-1985) :
4）.Quatrain(四行诗)
• Quatrain: a four-line stanza in many line lengths and sometimes in lines of varying length, rhymed usually in lines two and four. • Example: This stanza is used very often in English poetry, most notably in ballads, and in Thomas Gray's "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" and Tennyson's In Memoriam. Here is an example from Tennyson's "Break, Break, Break". • Break, break, break, • On thy cold gray stones, O Sea! • And I would that my tongue could utter • The thoughts that arise in me.
• Examples: Geoffrey Chaucer and John Dryden among others have written in couplets. The following is from Dryden's "Mac Flecknoe". • All human things are subject to decay • And when fate summons, monarchs must obey.
2）.Couplet （对偶句）
• Couplet: a pair of rhymed lines which may or may not constitute a separate stanza in a poem. Popular in the eighteenth century, a couplet may be long or short, but usually contain a complete thought in itself, the first line ending with a pause and the second line with a full stop
Tang poetic forms include: lvshi, a type of regulated verse with an eight-line form having five, six, or seven characters per line; ci (verse following set rhythmic patterns); and jueju (truncated verse), a four-line poem with five, six, or seven characters per line.
3）.Tercet（同韵三行诗节）
• Tercet: a three-line stanza, also called terza rima, which, if rhymed, keeps to one rhyme sound. • Example: Dante's Divine Comedy and Shelley's "Ode to • the West Wind" used this stanza. The following is from Shelley. • O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being, • Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead • Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,
1）.Blank verse （无韵诗体） Blank verse: unrhymed iambic pentameter, a line consisting of five feet of unstressed and stressed syllables.
Examples: Shakespeare's plays, Milton's Paradise Lost and Wordsworth's Prelude are written in blank verse. The following is from Shakespeare's a stage, And all the men and women merely players: They have their exits and their entrances.
By this point, poetry was being composed according to regulated tone patterns. Regulated and unregulated poetry were distinguished as "ancient-style" gushi poetry and regulated, "recentstyle" jintishi poetry.
5）.Sonnet(十四行诗)
• Sonnet: a fourteen-line stanza of iambic pentameter. Coming originally from Italy and used often to write love poems, the English sonnet has different rhyme schemes. The Italian sonnet, or Petrarchan sonnet（ (意大 利诗人彼特拉克推广的) 彼特拉克体十四行 诗）, consists of an octave (8-line stanza) and sestet .The English sonnet, initiated by Edmund Spenser called Spenserian Stanza. • Shakespearean sonnet, consists of three quatrains and a couplet.
Classical Chinese poetry includes, perhaps first and foremost shi (诗), and also other major types such as ci (词) and qu (曲). There is also a traditional Chinese literary form called fu (赋), which defies categorization into English more than the other terms, but perhaps can best be described as a kind of prose-poem.
• This Humanist whom no beliefs constrained • Grew so broad-minded he was scatter-brained
7）. Limerick: (五行打油诗)
• Limerick: five anapestic lines. Made popular by Edward Lear (1812-1888), author of nonsense poems, limerick is humorous and playful. • Example: The following is from an anonymous author and about Einstein's theory of relativity. • There was a young lady named Bright • Who traveled much faster than light. • She started one day • In the relative way • And returned on the previous night.
A Visit to Qiantang Lake in Spring Bai Juyi
Gushan temple north Jiating west Water surface first flat cloud base low Several places early orioles fight warm tree Every house new swallows peck spring mud Disordered flowers gradually almost confuse person eye Light grass able hide horse hoof Most love lake east go not enough Green poplar shade in white sand causeway Gushan Temple is to the north, Jiating pavilion west, The water's surface now is calm, the bottom of the clouds low. In several places, the first orioles are fighting in warm trees, By every house new swallows peck at spring mud. Disordered flowers have grown almost enough to confuse the eye, Bright grass is able now to hide the hooves of horses. I most love the east of the lake, I cannot come often enough Within the shade of green poplars on White Sand Embankment. 钱唐湖春行 孤山寺北贾亭西 水面初平云脚低 几处早莺争暖树 谁家新燕啄春泥 乱花渐欲迷人眼 浅草才能没马蹄 最爱湖东行不足 绿杨阴里白沙堤
A high point of classical Chinese poetry occurred during the Tang period (618 - 907): not only was this period prolific in poets; but, also in poems (perhaps around 50,000 poems survive, many of them collected in the Collected Tang Poems). During the time of Tang, in China, poetry was integrated into almost every aspect of the professional and social life of the literate class, including becoming part of the Imperial examinations taken by anyone wanting a government post.