北京市石景山区2014高考英语 阅读理解暑假训练(8)

石景山区2014高考英语阅读理解暑假训练〔8〕与答案
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Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator, operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States? Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than ci- vilian (百姓的)clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The tel- evision repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity(身份) than to step out of uniform?
Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deduct ible(可减税的). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.
Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experi- enced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.
Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rath- er than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes. 1. It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and indi viduality ______.
A. still judge a man by his clothes
B. hold the uniform in such high regard
C. enjoy having a professional identity
D. will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform
答案: B 指导：这篇文章主要讲述崇尚个性、崇尚多样化的美国人为何爱穿制服，以与制服所带来的利弊，是一道区分事实题。

由第一段第一句“Americans are proud Of their variety and individuality，yet they love and respect few things more than auniform．．．〞可知应选B项。

2. People are accustomed to think that armn in uniform______.
A. suggests quality work
B. discards his social identity
C. appears to be more practical
D. looks superior to a person in civilian clothes
答案: A 指导：由第二段第二句"People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears auniform．．．〞可判断A项正确。

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阅读如下短文，从每题所给的四个选项〔A、B、C和D〕中，选出最优选项。

A
Remember those highly charged first days? They were full of real-life tests where there wasalways something new to learn, and not always from a book. One of my first lessons occurred on myfirst day of kindergarten, when I got on the wrong bus --- as my older sister still likes to remind me.
Life’s minor embarrassments do happen, and I know I can’t protect my own children fromthem. I just try to teach them to laugh at theirs like I do at mine.
My daughter Erin started on the wrong foot in the 1st grade, at a new school where she knew no one. All the other 1st graders couldn’t resist opening and closing, closing and opening their newdesks. Wouldn't you know Erin would neither open nor close? She came to find out she was sittingon the wrong side!
Even getting around in a new school can be a challenge. Erin's older sister, Molly, almostmissed herfirst lunch in junior high. The school secretary came to her rescue, arming her with theknowledge that while the gym and flex space were next door to each other, lunch was served only inthe latter.
The first day sometimes has pitfalls for Mom and Dad, too. Once, I managed to stockpile (储藏)Molly and Erin's school supplies as they went on sale the previous year. I thought everything wasready for the first day --- oh, yeah! My victory dance was short-lived, however. After day one myladies rushed off the bus, both worried and confused, saying “Mo m, we need wide-rule not college-rule paper, and three 2-inch notebooks instead of two 3-inch ones! And for standardized testing, standardized No.
2 pencils only, please.〞
Perhaps my favorite first-day memory happened the first time my two daughters went to full-daypublic school together, when I was understandably emotional. Erin noticed my red eyes and whitesmile. “You are happy and sad, huh, Mommy?〞 Such a sensitive girl! She added, “Just like the time when you were crying and laughing after the car stopped running on the ice and we were OK.〞 Well, at least I could laugh!
1. What happened to Molly the first day she went to junior high school?
A. She couldn't find her new classroom.
B. She didn't know how to use her new desk.
C. She couldn’t find the place to have lunch.
D. She didn’t get along with her classmates.
2. What does the underlined word “pitfalls〞 in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Unexpected problems.
B. Great pleasures.
C. Unnecessary worries.
D. Painful experiences.
3. We can learn from the last paragraph that Erin _________.
A. had mixed feelings when leaving her home
B. didn't want to go to full-day public
school
C. noticed her mother was sick that day
D. understood how her mother felt then
4. What is the subject of the passage?
A. The relationship between Morn and child.
B. The first day of a new school year.
C. How to keep kids from making mistakes.
D. Sweet memories at school.
参考答案--------(A) CADB
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B
Many people enjoy an adventure story. Others like mysteries that lead the reader to an exciting discovery. The story of the young British naturalist Charles Darwin combines both of these. That is why the author and illustrator (插图画家)Rosalyn Schanzer chose to write the children's book “What Darwin Saw〞. The book was published just in time for the 200th anniversary of Charles Darwin’s birth on February 12, 1809.
Rosalyn Schanzer carefully gathered Darwin’s thoughts andobservations from his diaries, letters and books. Many of the wo rds in the book are Darwin’s own. She also traveled to the Galapagos Islands and South America. She researched some of the places Darwin had visited on his trip on the ship, the Beagle in the 1830s. She took thousands of pictures, which helped her create t he book’s beautiful and colorful drawings. These pictures show young readers what led Darwin to form his great discovery: the evolution of species through natural selection.
“What Darwin Saw〞 tells of the adventures of a young man whotraveled around the world as a scientist. The voyage of the Beagle took Charles Darwin to South America, where he rode horses with cowboys and met Native Americans in Argentina. He reported the eruption of the Osorno Volcano and experienced an earthquake in Chile. Darwin’s observations showed him that environments can change very quickly and a great deal over time.
Rosalyn Schanzer brings to life the clues that suggested to Darwin that living things evolve, or change, over time. She illustrates the unusual tortoises, birds and lizards that Darwin studied in theGalapagos Islands. She shows how Darwin came
to understand that these island animals had differences, developed over time, that helped them survive. And she explains the theory of evolution through natural selection in a way that both children and adults will enjoy.
5. Who is "What Darwin Saw" intended for?
A. Parents.
B. Teachers.
C. Researchers.
D. Children.
6. “What Darwin Saw〞 mainly focuses on __________.
A. how Darwin made his voyage to South America
B. what led Darwin to form the theory of evolution
C. when Darwin left home and began his expedition
D. where Darwin explored the living things in nature
7. Rosalyn Schanzer took thousands of pictures in order to _________.
A. provide materials for her new book
B. keep track of the places she visited
C. find out what interested young Darwin
D. enjoy the beautiful scenery later
8. Which of the following statements is NOT true about “What Darwin Saw〞?
A. Its author bases her writing on careful research.
B. It includes many pictures of various species.
C. It is intended to present Darwin's life story.
D. It was published in honor of Charles Darwin.
参考答案-------(B) DBAC
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C
Reader Janet Maynard has a lot of young bushes in her garden and is suffering from “watering can elbow〞. So for Janet and anyone else who doesn't want to waste time, effort and water, here are my top tips for keeping plants refreshed in thirsty times.
Water in the evening if possible, rather than leaving it till you see things suffer. That way the roots can take up the water in cool soil overnight.
Violently jetting hoses〔皮管〕mess up the soil structure and may expose delicate roots. Use a rose〔喷头〕on a can. Aim low – don't waste water wetting leaves, even though they look pretty and "refreshed".
The most valuable and easily damaged plants need the most attention, such as newly planted trees, bushes and climbers. Remove any water-keeping mulch〔护根物〕you may have put around the base, then water it thoroughly at least two gallons, slowly. Don't aim your can rose at the stem – which we all usually tend to do. Aim the water in a wide circle so that the whole of the area under the plant is watered. You could even make a channel in the soil right around the plant so that the water is held in place as it soaks〔浸透〕in. Replace the mulch. Repeat each week even in showery weather for the first summer.
How much water for pots? Fill up the gap between the top of the soil and the top of the pot. Let the water soak right in and then fill it again. Do this daily in hot weather for most summer potted plants.
Stand pots in saucers〔垫盘〕–it makes a big difference. But remember to check that the plants are not sitting in water for days on end when the weather turns wet. Roots will rot.
If the fertilizer in pots really dries out, the water may get straight out of the pot without being absorbed. Correct this by standing or floating the pot in a bucket of deep water until it sinks and no bubbles rise.
A push-button watering can makes for more efficient watering, and recycled water bottles upside down with a needle which has a hole on the end are useful, too, for pots.
9. What does the underlined part “watering can elbow〞 in Paragraph 1 most probably mean?
A. A certain kind of mental disease
B. The extreme thirst for water.
C. The power of water.
D. Tiredness or pain in part of the body.
10. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. It would be better to water the plant in the evening than in the morning.
B. It’s necessary to water newly-planted trees once a week in the first summer.
C. Put potted plants in saucers in case the roots rot in damp weather.
D. Make sure fertilizer in the pot doesn’t dry out, otherwise the water would
not be fully absorbed.
11. We may easily learn from the passage that _______.
A. potted plants need to be watered every week even in rainy weather.
B. we’d better put water on the leaves and stems to keep the plants refreshed.
C. It’s better to use a rose on a can to water than jetting hoses.
D. people usually don’t want to waste time, effort and water in raising plants.
12. What can be the best title of this passage?
A. The importance of water in caring for plants
B. Watering tips and skills
C. How to take care of your plants
D. The relationship between plants and water
(C) DCCB
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The modern Olympic Games were founded with the intention of improving health and education, promoting world peace, and encouraging fair and equal competition. But over the years, the olympic saying, "faster, higher, stronger", has pushed scientists as well as athletes to do everything possible to reach new levels.
Doctors, engineers and coaches all use everyting science has to offer to achieve that little bit extra in competition. The reason modern technology has become part of sport is very simple: winning is just as important as it was 2,500 years ago at the olympics of ancient Greece. Developments in technology have often been reflected in the methods of training and per- formance at the olympics through history. This
technology falls into two main groups: improving an athlet's performance in competition, and allowing results to be measured more accurately.
One of the creations that has drawn the most attention is the new high-tech swimsuit from Speedo, which was used by many US swimmers in Athens. Until Sydney 2000, it was thought that the smaller the swimsuit, the faster the swimmer would travel.
"However, the fact that at the Sydney Olympics,28 of the 33 gold medalists were wearing the body covering Fastskin suit proved the theory was out of date, "said Andy Thomas, vicepresident of Speed.
The company's full body suit is supposed to make swim- mers 3 to 4 percent faster, particularly when turning or diving into the water. It is believed that the suit creates less water re- sistance as it moves, behaving more like a shark skin than a human skin.
The introduction of high-tech equipment means that athletes in all sports, from 100-metre sprint to the pole vault,can now train more effectively.
Meanwhile, scientific devlopment also means performances can be measured and studied more accurately. Not only are winning times more accurately recorded, but cheating athletes are easier to catch out. Athens 20典型例题nizers promised to use only the very latest equipment to measure distance and speed.
1. Which is not the first aim of the modern Olympic Games?
A. Improving health and education.
B. Promoting world peace.
C. Encouraging fair and equal competition.
D. Winning medals.
答案: D 由文章第一句“．．．the intention of improving bealth and education，promotmg world preace，and encouraging fair and equal competition"知，winning medals不包括在内，应当选D.
2. The reason modern technology has become part of sport is that people______.
A.. make every effort to win medals
B. do their best to invent new sports equipmnt
C. try to test their abilities
D. want to improve their condition of competition
答案: A 由第二段第二句"The reason modern technology has become part of sport is very simple：winning is just as imortant as it was2，500years ago at the Olympics of ancient Greece〞知，A选项(努力赢得奖牌)最符合文章。

3. In the passage it mentions that high technology is involved in______ aspects.
A. 1
B.2
C. 3
D. 4
答案: B 从文章第二段最后一句知：高科技应用于运动的目的有二；提高运动员在竞赛中的表现能力，使比赛结果更准确。

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