Views about Marriage in Pride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见中的婚姻观》
浅谈《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观
提纲1.小说背景该故事发生在18世纪末19世纪初的英国乡镇，当时该地还是非常闭塞并且保守。
故事描写了中产阶级家庭班内特一家的女儿们对待婚姻选择结婚对象的不同态度。
2.介绍小说中的四段婚姻（1)莉迪亚与威克姆的婚姻（激情狂热型) 莉迪亚.班内特是班内特先生家的最小的女儿，排行第五，个性天真而鲁莽，年幼无知，为人轻薄,头脑简单，品味低级，但是遗传了班内特太太的美貌。
威克姆是个外表英俊的花花公子，此人比较奸诈，对感情也不认真。
两人草率私奔，在达西的大力帮助下两人才得以结婚。
他们的婚姻最终是个悲剧。
（2）夏洛蒂与科林斯的婚姻（世俗利益型）夏洛蒂。
卢卡斯是伊丽莎白的好朋友，也是邻近地主的女儿，她没有财产，长得也不漂亮,但是很精明，属于大龄剩女,27岁还没有人向她求婚。
科林斯是班内特家里的近亲,他古板、平庸又善于奉承，依靠权势当上了牧师。
由于班内特家中无子,而当时法律规定只有男性可以继承财产，因此班内特家中的财产将由科林斯继承。
他向伊丽莎白求婚遭到拒绝，马上就向夏洛蒂求婚。
夏洛蒂结婚只为获得物质条件，科林斯只想找个人结婚完成任务，两人的婚姻是互惠互利的。
（3）简与宾利的婚姻（才子佳人型）简。
班内特是家中的大女儿，知性优雅，却不善于表达自己的感情，常常自怨自艾。
宾利是达西的好友,外表英俊，是个有钱的单身汉。
两人在一次派对上一见钟情，后来几经波折，最终美满的结婚在一起。
(4）伊丽莎白与达西的婚姻（相知相通型）伊丽莎白。
班内特在家中排行第二，聪明机智，有胆识有远见,自尊心很强，对事情有自己的见解。
达西仪表堂堂，为人骄傲，内向，导致很多人对他有偏见。
两人的爱情曲折，富有戏剧性，最终解除误会，相爱结婚。
3.当今婚姻状况上述四种婚姻类型在当今世界也是屡见不鲜,有人因为冲动结婚，有人因为物质利益结婚，有人因为一见钟情结婚，有人因为彼此相爱相知结婚.也有人裸婚，闪婚，闪离。
4.启示爱情是一种珍贵的东西，是一种单纯的情感。
结婚却很复杂，需要考虑很多因素，更多时候会和金钱联系在一起.没有爱情的婚姻是可怕的，是虚无的。
Views on Marriage in Pride and Prejudice
Research proposal of views on marriage inPride and PrejudiceI.IntroductionThis proposal outlines plans for research that I am considering undertaking for my Bachelor of Arts worth30points in2017.My proposed research is mainly focuses on exploring Jane Austen's views on marriage and love from one of her masterpieces Pride and Prejudice and it's influence nowadays.This researching area is closely related to our life.In18th century in Britain,the leading factor of a marriage was one's assets and it's closely related to the social environment.Another factor was the social position,which was decided by the traditional social values.But now,with the rapid development of economy and technology,and more ways for people especially young men to accept new ideas,the views on marriage is changing,but we share a same purpose of chasing a happy marriage,so it will be a meaningful topic of how to establish a correct attitude to a marriage. II.Summary of Relevant LiteratureWhich one is more important in a marriage?Love or Money?There are a lot of controversy about this question all the time.Some hold the point that money is the foundation of life,how to maintain a marriage without money?On the contrary,some think that a marriage without love is no different from an animal combination.Pride and Prejudice mainly tells about three modes of marriage through describing4marriages between Elizabeth and Darcy,Jane and Bingley,Lydia and Wickham,Charlotte and Collins. Though they all finally get into marriages but they live totally different kind of lives.Lydia and Wickham's marriage is based on passion and the enjoying of sex.Lydia is a reckless and frivolous girl without thought,and she just pursue her own happiness without caring her family. Wickham is a handsome gentleman only on the surface,and he is gold and jade on the outside,rot and decay on the inside.Apparently the marriage which only based on passion of sexual pleasure ignoring morality won't be a firm or steady one,when both of them never know clearly about the truth of marriage and love.This kind of marriage won't last long and one day they'll pay for it.Charlotte and Collins'marriage is totally based only on money without love.Collins is a bored priest but he has one advantage that he inherited the family estate from his father,and he is proud of his economic condition.At that time a man with a comfortable house,and a decent job can always marry a beautiful young lady.Charlotte is Elizabeth's close friend of27years old and she is still single,who is always afraid of being a stigma and burden of her family,so she says yes to Collins' proposal because of his assets after Collins failing propose to Elizabeth.It's obvious that the wife never loves the husband and they apparently won't really be happy in their marriage even if they live a life without worrying about money.Elizabeth and Darcy,Jane and Bingley,these two couples are the positive examples of marriage,which based on love and money.And that's exactly what the author thinks the most satisfactory marriage.They know each other very well,especially Elizabeth and Darcy,they're both rational and caring about others.At first they don't appreciate each other,and they gradually find they love each other after their love thing has experienced many hard test.The prejudice Elizabeth holds about Darcy's pride gradually disappeared.And also Darcy is a rich man,so they'll live enjoy a happy marriage,and the feast of life.A happy marriage must base on the basis of equality and mutual respect.At that time in the18th century,enlightenment thinkers put forward the theory of human nature,which advocated freedom,equality and fraternity,and from then on,women who was awaken started to fight for feminism campaigns.The background of the story is set in the age of awakening,and Austen's masterpiece also is a miniature in this awakening age.In Jane Austin's novel is kind of“Cinderella Story”style.On the one hand,her express her clear and explicit awareness of female consciousness,which in this novel reflect on the part of Elizabeth's experience.And on the other hand,there is a remarkable mark in her view of marriage and the rules of love from the point of the characters in her novel.And this kind of duality is a firm evidence in the writing about feminism.At first,Jane Austen insists that a woman has the same ability and right equaling to a man to get educated,and women are also as rational and strong as men to fight for their future.As we can get this point from Elizabeth and Jane in this novel.They read a lot even their family cannot afford a tutor,and they are both rational,strong and beautiful and they have the courage to pursue love. This kind of thought needed much courage a lot at that time,which told a truth that a woman can enjoy her life without marriage and she could be independent through studying and fighting.III.Research problemThe critics have been exploring the author's life and the views of the author on marriage and feminism from the vivid language and the attractive plot of her most successful novel Pride and Prejudice.Marriage is always a hot issue whenever and wherever.And My research is mainly focus on what we can learn from the view of the author on marriage nowadays and the important implications from Pride and Prejudice.The novel of Jane Austen reflect the different views on marriage of the middle class in Britain and it surely will give some deep inspirations leading us to think about what kind of views we should hold on marriage,and what the oriented value of love and marriage in society is.Learning from it will help to form a correct and rational idea of marriage.IV.Methodology and MethodsThe most appropriate research method is positivist for the research problem.Through the comparison and analysis of the four different marriages will give a clear idea of my research problem.And I also think critical research will also be feasible for my research problem.Discourse analysis and content analysis will be a appropriate methods for conducting research into the research problem.By analyzing the conversation or the content between different people we can not only know more about the social background and get the psychological change of the characters and then analyze them to find the connection with my research problem.V.ConclusionFrom a survey about the most powerful novel,which makes influence on the view of marriage of women made by BBC Radio4,Pride and Prejudice ranks first,and Darcy is the most ideal husband.Though it was a long time ago,but the pursuit of a happy marriage will never change.And the ancient view of marriage from the book has not gone far from the reality nowadays,and when we talk about marriage,we may never stop hesitating and measuring between love and money, between rose and bread.Love is of much more importance in a marriage,however,Jane Austen never ignored the important role the economic factor plays in a marriage.She admitted the social hierarchy and in her point of view,the financial insurance is necessary to keep a society steady.When dealing with a marriage,a marriage without love surely can't be considered,but a marriage with love but without steady financial foundation can also not be a satisfactory one.The author telling stories about four pairs of young people's marriage,shows the role of money and love in marriage,which explained the author's view of marriage,money and love are both important in marriage,but the role of love is much more important than that of money,and only when a marriage is on the basis of equality and mutual respect,can the couple enjoy their live.Only when the two has already know each other and love each other,with a foundation of money,they would have a satisfactory marriage.The marriage based only on money won't be happy and at the same time,the marriage based only on love and passion with no foundation of money will also be a misery.So Jane Austin's view on marriage is still worth learning and has a profound meaning in reality.VI.ReferencesBrosh,L.(2008).Consuming Women:Pride and Prejudice and Wuthering Heights.Screening Novel Women,Palgrave Macmillan UK:19-44.Bautz,A.(2007)."Early Nineteenth-Century Readers of Jane Austen."View issue TOC4:1412–1427.Sterckx,M.(2007).Pride and Prejudice:Eighteenth-century Women Sculptors and their Material Practices.Women and Material Culture,1660–1830,Palgrave Macmillan UK:86-102. McMaster,J.(1996).Love in Jane Austen's Novels.Jane Austen the Novelist,Palgrave Macmillan UK:109-110.VII.AppendicesGrading Sheet of Research ProposalClass:SID :Grading:ITEM POINTS Marks Professional Appearance(10%)Cover page,Contents,Paging5Formatting5Writing Quality(15%)Grammar,spelling and punctuation5Words,professional terms and concepts5Appropriate paragraphing5Quality of Analysis(65%)Critical Literature reviewFocus5Reading5Relevance5Coherence5Argument5Research procedure and methodsFocus5Relevance5Coherence5Research design5Presentation of information/dataMechanics5Expression5Structure5Unity5Citation and reference(10%)Citation5References5Total100校对报告当前使用的样式是[Numbered(Multilingual)]当前文档包含的题录共1条有1条题录存在必填字段内容缺失的问题参考文献[1]：字段(卷)内容缺失;字段(期)内容缺失;。
傲慢与偏见的婚姻观分析
姓名：张泽宁学号：200915310313分数：Views on Marriage in Pride and PrejudiceAbstractPride and Prejudice which is Austin’s great work is a novel to reflect l9 century of the British middle and upper levels of moral values and love marriage attitude. The marriage of the British middle and upper, male property occupies an important position for a middle-class young lady who in addition to marry outside almost no other way to maintain their superior life. Material conditions become a key criterion for female mate choice. For a Miss has no property in a lifelong, in the marriage market competitiveness is weak, the novel is described the knight family a few lady's fate without much property. Through the discussion of the different marriages and love, the writer demonstrates her concept about love and marriage: love and marriage is closely associated with property and society, however, love and marriage can not only be decided by the property and social status. An ideal marriage should be based on mutual affection and respect. She rejects the marriage based on wealth and stresses the element of emotion in a marriage. This paper by the Pride and Prejudice in the description of four marriages, analyzes the author's concept of marriage.Key words:Love; marriage; property; social statusⅠ.IntroductionⅡThe marriage bases on money and social statusA.Charlotte Lucas and Mr. Collins’ marriage—the most realistic marriageB.Lydia Bennet and George Wickham’s marriage—the most absurd marriageⅢThe marriage bases on feelings of both men and womenA. Jane Bennet and Charles Bingley’s marriage—the most happy marriageB. Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy’s marriage—the most enviable marriageⅠ.IntroductionJane Austen was born in Steventon, England, in 1775, where she lived for the first twenty-five years of her life. Her father, George Austen, was the rector of the local parish and taught her largely at home. She began to write while in her teens and completed the original manuscript of Pride and Prejudice, titled First Impressions, between 1796 and 1797. A publisher rejected the manuscript, and it was not until 1809 that Austen began the revisions that would bring it to its final form. Pride and Prejudice was published in January 1813, and it achieved a popularity that has endured to this day.During Austen’s life, however, only her immediate family knew of her authorship of these novels. Because at that time when English society associated a female’s entrance into the public sphere with a reprehensible loss of femininity. Additionally, Austen may have sought anonymity because of the more general atmosphere of repression pervading her era. As the Napoleonic Wars (1800–1815) threatened the safety of monarchies throughout Europe, government censorship of literature proliferated.The social milieu of Austen’s Regency England was particularly stratified, and class divisions were rooted in family connections and wealth. In her work, Austen is often critical of the assumptions and prejudices of upper-class England. She distinguishes between internal merit and external merit. Though she frequently satirizes snobs, she also pokes fun at the poor breeding and misbehavior of those lower on the social scale. Nevertheless, Austen was in many ways a realist, and the England she depicts is one in which social mobility is limited and class-consciousnessis strong.Austin by five daughters of the Bennet in the novel treatment of getting different marriage, showing the different attitudes of the girls of the township middle-class family background of Love and Marriage, which reflect the author's views on marriage. The book's heroine, Elizabeth was born in a family of small landowners, and love for the rich children of Darcy. Darcy regardless of family status and wealth gaps, to propose to her, but was rejected. Elizabeth on his misunderstanding and prejudice is one of the reasons, but the main thing is that she hated his arrogance. Darcy's arrogance is actually a reflection of differences in status, as long as there is this arrogance, between he and Elizabeth can not have common thoughts and feelings, it is impossible to have an ideal marriage. After Elizabeth personally observed Darcy's manners and a series of actions, especially to see his changed the demeanor of the past proud conceited, eliminate misunderstanding and prejudice against him, which concluded with his happy marriage. Elizabeth Darcy has several times to marry him different attitude; in fact, reflect the women's pursuit of personal independence and equal rights. This is the progressive significance of the characters of Elizabeth.ⅡThe marriage bases on money and social statusC.Charlotte Lucas and Mr. Collins’ marriage—the most realistic marriageCharlotte is Elizabeth's best friend. Pragmatic where Elizabeth is romantic, and also six years older than Elizabeth, Charlotte does not view love as the most vital component of a marriage. So they are different in the choice of marriage. She is different from Elizabeth Charlotte has no wealth and more interested in having a comfortable home. She is not look like much, but she has great minds, can be regarded as a shrewd man. She believes that Happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance. As a 27-year-old woman, her choice of marriage is completely out of practical considerations. When she first met Collins who is a pompous, generally idiotic clergyman and stands to inherit Mr. Bonnet’s property when she had seen hisfolly, and when he asked her to marry, she also clearly Collins is certainly not a sensible man, and he is the worst combination of snobbish and obsequious. There is not any man like him. But she immediately agreed, because marriage has been her goal, as to find what kind of the man, married life how, is not too seriously, either. For a good education but without much property of the young woman, get married is the only a decent way, and though whether it can get happiness no grasp, get married, must be the most pleasant they can from the refuge of poverty. "Charlotte had been married for money, through marriage; she was just getting a rich man, which has an economic sense of security. Marriage is a task for them can be described as Collins couples from marriage to get what they want: Charlotte to get stability and a prosperous life; Collins has also been a warm home, which is their marriage understanding.D.Lydia Bennet and George Wickham’s marriage—the most absurd marriageThe Bennett family's youngest daughter Lydia is a simple-minded, frivolity and vanity of the girl, As a very young age, she is interested in the social, like contact with Meriden’s officer, and proud of i t. "As long as any inducements, she would put into the arms of anyone. Her feelings always kept fluctuating, wavering. Wickham has a handsome appearance, but actually he is moral turpitude, very extravagant, and perfidious. First, he lured the wealthy Miss Darcy, but the plot has been cracked, did not succeed. Before joining militia, he was first to Elizabeth, and then again to rich miss king launch to pursue, and finally unexpectedly and Lydia elopement.The combination of Lydia and Wickham can be said is absurd. Her love to Wickham is entirely due to the other party "handsome face, beautiful body fascinating conversation". Their relationship is completely in lust with the appearance, there is no love basis, we can say it is neither practical, nor romantic. Marriage between them is also conditional, under Darcy's help; the two talents reluctantly end up with marriage. But "the two luxury splurge, the immediate happy, without regard to the future, they often rely on a letter to Jane or Elizabeth for help, expect their financial aid to paybills. Wickham to Lydia's love soon plummeted, into indifference. Lydia and Wickham from the marriage all get what they want: Lydia get the satisfaction of lust; Wickham got what he wanted wealth, which is their understanding of the marriage.ⅢThe marriage bases on feelings of both men and womenA. Jane Bennet and Charles Bingley’s marriage—the most happy marriageJane Bentley marriage is considered to be the most happiness marriage. The eldest and most beautiful Bennet sister, Jane is more reserved and gentler than Elizabeth. She is lovely, beautiful and generous, always to the good side to think about other people. Bingley is Darcy’s considerable wealthy best friend. Bingley’s purchase of Netherfield, and became the neighbor of Bennets. He is a genial, well-intentioned gentleman, whose easygoing nature contrasts with Darcy’s initially discourteous demeanor. He is blissfully uncaring about class differences. Elizabeth’s beautiful elder sister and Darcy’s wealthy best friend, Jane and Bingley engage in a courtship that occupies a central place in the novel. Jane’s charming temperament completely attracts the young and handsome, natural and unrestrained and wealthy Bentley. They attract each other and love each other, although the best things are difficult, eventually they abandoned the status of the many obstacles to come together. This is an envy of a good happy marriage. Despite their centrality to the narrative, they are vague characters, sketched by Austen rather than carefully drawn. Indeed, they are so similar in nature and behavior that they can be described together: both are cheerful, friendly, and good-natured, always ready to think the best of others; they lack entirely the prickly egotism of Elizabeth and Darcy. Jan e’s gentle spirit serves as a foil for her sister’s fiery, contentious nature, while Bingley’s eager friendliness contrasts with Darcy’s stiff pride. Their principal characteristics are goodwill and compatibility, and the contrast of their romance with that of Darcy and Elizabeth is remarkable. Jane and Bingley exhibit to the reader true love unhampered by either pride or prejudice, though in their simple goodness, they also demonstrate that such alove is mildly dull. So I think this beautiful behind is lurking on the crisis. Jane and Bentley talented man looks, each other suitable, anyone opinion, they are the most suitable for in together. Their marriage, in my opinion, love is not the most important basic and most important attraction. Bentley is simply attracted by Jane’s beauty and kindness, Jane is attracted to the handsome and natural and unrestrained of Bentley who is a gentleman. The love between them is more performance for a mutual admiration of love. Marriage is a complex contract; both sides must have a sufficient foundation of love to maintain this contract. The love between Jane and Bentley is too dull, too taken for granted that not enough memorable, all in all it seems to lurk a trace of a dangerous atmosphere.B. Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwi lliam Darcy’s marriage—the most enviable marriageThe novel’s protagonist is the second daughter of Mr. Bennet; Elizabeth is the most intelligent and sensible of the five Bennet sisters. Her admirable qualities are numerous—she is lovely, clever, and, in a novel defined by dialogue, she converses as brilliantly as anyone. She is honesty, virtue, and lively wit enables her to rise above the nonsense and bad behavior that pervade her class-bound and often spiteful society. Nevertheless, she with a tongue that occasionally proves too sharp for her own good. And she is easily to make hasty judgments often lead her astray. So does Darcy who is a wealthy gentleman, the master of Pemberley, and the nephew of Lady Catherine de Bourgh. Though he is intelligent and honest, his excess of pride causes him to look down on his social inferiors.They met at the Meryton ball. Elizabeth and Darcy gave each other a bad impression at the beginning. Elizabeth think Darcy is insolent, and Darcy also because Elizabeth in her social class and those not very decent relatives and ignored her advantages and virtue. Later, Darcy has finally recognized the valuable point to Elizabeth, started the pursuit, after the rejection he was still not disturbed, and finally through his own action s to eliminate Elizabeth’s prejudices and misunderstanding,thus the two come together.With first marriage proposal for line, in the thought of change not only Elizabeth, but also Darcy. Elizabeth recognizes her own prejudice because of Darcy's letter; Darcy recognizes his own arrogance because Elizabeth's words. If Elizabeth did not refuse Darcy’s first time to marry, then, Darcy for her fascination will may not last long. If they did not have refusal dialogue, Darcy is although the rich, although with the appearance of a talent, but too arrogant superior. For such people, even if Elizabeth impulse to agree to marry him, in the short run, Elizabeth still regret it. If there is no refused letter, Elizabeth is still cheerful, beautiful, and outspoken, but she is still too subjective and biased person, towards such a person, Darcy will soon be tired. Because have these twists and turns, the love between them is more precious, more deeply.Mr. Qian Zhongshu is compared marriage to a besieged city, "people outside the city want to rush in, and the men of the city wanted to escape." But the marriage theory is not suitable for Darcy and Elizabeth. Because of the marriage between them is basic on the twists free and easy and unforgettable love foundation. Even if at first they dislike each other and exist prejudice, but finally they pleasure to trapped in such a city. The power of love is great, it allows an obnoxious human to change for love, allowing you to put aside prejudice, and to recognize and accept a person. Darcy and Elizabeth's marriage is the happiest, in addition to the unforgettable love, there is a necessary condition, that is, Darcy abundant wealth. Money in their marriage is not secular; this wealth to their love of sunlight and nutrients, their marriage is the most enviable.Happiness is a subjective experience; the marriage of a person's happiness is related to his attitude toward marriage. Some people marry for love, some people marry for lust, some people marry for wealth, it was also some people marry for get married. Pride and Prejudice show us a different view of marriage, let us also think about what marriage is correct, what kind of marriage is we want, is suitable for our own.Bibliography（英）奥斯丁著，高嘉勇译，哈佛蓝星双语名著导读：傲慢与偏见，天津科技翻译出版公司，2003年（英）奥斯丁著，王闯注释，傲慢与偏见，世界图书出版公司，2004年（美）蒂奇曼著，傲慢与偏见解读，中国人民大学出版社，2008年。
Views on love and marriage in “Pride and Prejudice”分析《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和婚姻观
Views on love and marriage in ―Pride and Prejudice‖分析《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和婚姻观ContentsAbstract (1)Keywords (1)Introduction (3)1、Jane Austen and the Background of Pride and Prejudice (3)1.1 Jane Austen (3)1.2The Background of Pride and Prejudice (4)2、Four Marriages and Ideals on Love and Marriage Shown in Pride andPrejudice (5)2.1Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice (5)2.1.1 Collins and Charlotte’s Marriage (5)2.1.2 Lydia and Wickham’s Marr iage (7)2.1.3 Jane and Mr. Bingley’s Marriage (7)2.1.4 Darcy and Elizabeth’s Marriage (8)3. Austen’s Concept about Love and Marriage (12)4、Conclusion (14)References (16)Acknowledgements (19)Abstract"Pride and Prejudice" is Austen's masterpiece which described four different marriages and love .Until today, this novel is still very popular among many readers and arouses people's observation and unlimited thinking of marriage .This paper aims to probe into the views on love an d marriage in ―Pride and Prejudice‖. That is: love and marriage are associated with, but not totally lie on the property and social status. The marriage which is based on the love, mutual understanding and mutual respect is a true happy marriage. Austen not only opposes marriage for money, but also is against the hasty marriage. She attaches great importance to ideal marriage and regards the feelings between men and women as the cornerstone of the ideal marriage.Keywords―Pride and Prejudice‖; viewpoint of love; viewpoint of marriage;摘要《傲慢与偏见》是奥斯汀的代表作，小说以讽刺为基调描写了四种不同形态的婚姻观和爱情观，时至今日，这部小说仍然吸引着众多读者，引发了人们对婚姻的观察和无限思考。
傲慢与偏见An Analysis on Marriage in Pride and Prejudice
An Analysis on Marriage in Pride and PrejudiceAn Analysis on Marriage in Pride and PrejudiceIn this great book, the author amply demonstrated her view on love and marriage. Austen fully criticized some bad phenomena at that time in her work Pride and Prejudice and took some perfect points about marriage and loved to demonstrate her own view on love and marriage. Charlotte and CollinsTheir marriage is lucky and natural. They get married without any expectation. Mr. Collin wants to get married is mainly due to the popular concept of marriage in the high society.Mr.Collin naturally assumes that a pastor like him with a decent identity should follow the trend to give a good example in the rector.Moreover,Mr.Collins’patroness,Lady Catherine de Bourgh,has urged him to marry, to please Lady Catherine he determines to do so. As for Charlotte, marriage is just a way to get a comfortable life. There is no love in their marriage, Charlotte marriage Mr.Collins for living an easy life.Lydia and WickhamWickham, the son of the housekeeper. He got into debt, so he wanted to get money, became rich and changed his social status. Lydia is a simple-minded, frivolous and fearless girl who is keen on social relationship and enjoys searching of the military officers on Meryton.Wickham is the right person who has an attractive physical appearance for Lydia. Wickham who has no other advantage except for his good looking is not good enough to win a lady’s heart.However,Lydia is not welcomed by real gentleman either. So she cannot resist temptation and runs away with Wickham. While, Wickham gets together with her just because he wants to escape from his debts and leave Brighton with a woman companion . Their marriage is based on passion and physical attraction .With the help of Darcy, they finally get marriage and living a life without economic security, which will always need the help of their relatives.Jane and Mr. BingleyJane and Mr. Bingley. Bingley is a friend of Darcy. Bingley’s sister loves Darcy very much. S he wants Bingley to get married with Darcy’s sister Georgiana, because she wants to get love from Darcy by this way, which also reflects the selfishness the sister. The marriage of the able man- Bingley and the beautiful girl-Jane is ideal in most people’s eyes. Of course, the couple meets many setbacks, such as the misunderstanding of Darcy and Bingley's selfish sister. At last, the lovers get married as themisunderstanding between Elizabeth and Darcy has been solved.Darcy and ElizabethDarcy and Eliz abeth’s marriage. At the beginning, Elizabeth rejects the pursuer-Darcy, because she does not like him, even looks down upon him though Darcy loves her very much. In Elizabeth’s eyes, he is arrogant and unreasonable because he is rich and has high social status. Realizing that, Darcy begins to get rid of those bad habits quietly to crate her taste and get good impression and love of her. Because of Darcy’s perfect behavior and good education, Elizabeth gradually eliminates the bias on Darcy. Then they spont aneously fall in love. So when Darcy’s second suitor is sent to Elizabeth, Elizabeth readily agree with, and they get married and have happy family live.。
Marriages in Pride and Prejudice 从《傲慢与偏见》看18世纪的婚姻观
姓名:＿________________学号: 20123703 学院: 外国语学院专业班级: 2012级英语三班论文标题: Marriages in Pride and Prejudice任课老师：2013年6月13日Contents摘要AbstractⅠ.IntroductionⅡFour Marriages in Pride and PrejudiceA. Collins and Charlotte’s MarriageB. Lydia and Wickha m’s MarriageC. Jane and Mr. Bingley’s MarriageD. Darcy and Elizabeth’s MarriageⅢ.The Different Understanding about MarriageA.The Marriage Based on Money or BenefitB.The Marriage Based on sense and sensibility Ⅳ. ConclusionBibliography摘要:《傲慢与偏见》是奥斯汀的一部伟大著作，小说中的四段婚姻基本完全概括了18世纪社会中爱情和婚姻的状况.小说通过对四种不同婚姻和爱情的描写，解析和探讨，充分体现了作者的爱情和婚姻观。
这篇论文就是通过对这四段婚姻的详细的分析，来探讨《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和婚姻观。
那就是：恋爱婚姻与财产和社会地位相互关联，但恋爱婚姻不能仅取决于财产和社会地位,正确的婚姻应当建立在相互爱慕、相互尊重的基础上。
爱情是婚姻幸福的根源.她既反对为钱而结婚，也反对轻率结婚，强调婚姻中感情因素的重要关键词：爱情; 婚姻; 金钱; 社会地位AbstractPride and Prejudice is one of Austin’s great work s. The four marriages in the novel completely summarize people’s attitude towards the love and marriage at 18th century’s society situation. Through the discussion of the different marriages and love, the writer demonstrates her concept about love and marriage: love and marriage is closely associated with property and society, however, love and marriage cannot only be decided by the property and social status. An ideal marriage should be based on mutual affection and respect. Love is the root of a happy marriage. She rejects the marriage based on wealth and stresses the element of emotion in a marriage.Key Words：Love; marriage; property; social statusMarriage in Pride and PrejudiceⅠ.IntroductionThis novel takes young people’s marriage as the thread and it covers the inheritance of fortune, women’s social status, ethics and customs. Being the masterpiece of Jane Austen, it comes to the extensive favor of literary lovers and experts at the same time.This paper makes an analysis of four marriages in pride and prejudice and discusses the deep outlook for their love and marriage in the light of social background at the time.Ⅱ.Four Marriages in Pride and PrejudiceA. Collins and Charlotte’s MarriageCharlotte is Elizabet h·Bennetts’ neighbor, and her family’s situation was not very well . In addition, Charlotte is a mediocre intelligence girl, so she was still not married at the age of 26.Mrs. Bennett could not give birth to a boy; instead, she had given birth to five girls. Due to the special inherent law, the father's heritage cannot be inherited by his 5 daughters, but his nephew Collins could inherit. So, Mrs. Bennett put all her expectation on CollinsWith Mrs. Lindberg's help, Collins became a priest smoothly. Then he came to his uncle's house, and wanted to become Bennett's son-in-law. He thought that used this way he could make up his cousins in some degree. He stayed at his uncle’s house for a long time. When he knew the eldest daughter Jane has a boyfriend, he just turned his attention to the second daughter Elizabeth. She refuses him with a sharp tongue. But Collins quickly finds comfort from Charlotte who desires to get love froma male and believes marriage is the elegant way for a girl with some education, and then they get married as quickly as the lightning. A mediocre love, a dull marriage has been established effortlessly. Such marriage without love is too practical, so it is a kind of superficial marriage without happiness.B.Lydia and Wickham’s MarriageWickham is the son of the Darcy’s housekeeper. At the beginning,the master treated him very well but he was a man without any responsibility and was in debts. He also spoken ill of Darcy everywhere. His marriage is to open the source of wealth, for this purpose, he was prepared to use unscrupulous divisive tactics with Darcy's sister Georgiana to elope. Fortunately, Darcy stopped it in time. He once won Elizabeth's favor, but when Elizabeth left home to Charlotte home for a period of time, he was immediately ready to get married with another lady who was not beautiful but wealthy. But he failed. Later, Elizabeth's sister Lydia had a blind affection on him, and eloped with him. Finally,in Darcy’s funding he promised to marry Lydia.Their marriage was Bennett’s scandalC. Jane and Mr. Bingley’s MarriageBingley is a friend of Darcy. Bingley’s sister loves Darcy very much. She wants Bingley to get marr ied with Darcy’s sister Georgiana, because she wants to get love from Darcy by this way, which also reflects the selfishness the sister. The marriage of the able man- Bingley and the beautiful girl-Jane is ideal in most people’s eyes. Of course, the couple meets many setbacks, such as the misunderstanding of Darcy and Bingley's selfish sister. At last, the lovers get married as the misunderstanding between Elizabeth and Darcy has been solved.D. Darcy and Elizabeth’s MarriageAt the beginning, Elizabeth rejected Darcy’s pursuit, because she does not like him, even looks down upon him though Darcy loves her very much. In Elizabeth’s eyes, he is arrogant and unreasonable because he is rich and has high social status. Realizing that, Darcy begins to get rid of those bad habits quietly to crate her taste and get good impression and love of her. Because of Darcy’s perfect behavior and good education, Elizabeth gradually eliminates the bias on Darcy. Then they spontaneously fall in love. So when Darcy’s second s uitor is sent to Elizabeth, Elizabeth readily agree with, and they get married and have happy family lives.III. The Different Understanding about Marriage in Pride and Prejudice.A.The Marriage Based on Money or BenefitCharlotte knew that the marriage withou t property would eventually move toward disappointment and suffering. Even if the couple loves each other deeply at first, when Collins, known as a social climber, is rejected by Elizabeth, he immediately turns to fall in love with Miss Charlotte. Although Collins is an inborn fool, his love could not move the heart of a woman, charlotte accepts him, because her purpose is to get married. Almost all the girls born in a family without good education always regard marriage as the decent way, although marriage might not necessarily bring happiness to them. She manages to arrange one of the most reliable way by marriage, thus she would not be exposed to the cold temperatures and suffer hunger in the future. She now gets a storage room.Charlotte is like a roadman catching a plump fish—Collins. But if he doesn’t meet a setback from Elizabeth, and the encouragement of charlotte, I am afraid that he would not be so willing to propose marriage to Charlotte. The man like Bentley who has fairly numerable money need a beautiful wife, the poor man needs a wife with a huge wealth, like Wickham; it was lucky for Charlotte that she could gain the marriage with Collins although their marriage is not happy at all.B.The Marriage Based on Sense and SensibilitySense and sensibility is the footing stone of a happy marriage.Elizabeth and Darcy's marriage is the most successful and perfect ideal marriage in Pride and Prejudice. Their combination is really built based on love. The combination of them proves that sense and sensibility is necessary for a happy marriage. From 16th to 18th Century, while criteria of choosing spouse in English upper-and-middle class from 16th to18th century emphasized equal, but they did not deny love and affection are the prerequisite for marriage. Elizabeth did not have the same beauty with Jane, but she was clever and sensible, lively and lovely. She is rich in personality and connotation. Elizabeth knew that in society people like connect marriage with wealth and social status but she did not lose herself. Instead she chose to continue pursue her love bravely. It was her unusual style of conversation and noble sentiments attracted Darcy and then let Darcy full love on her. Love is unconditional, just when the thing person depends on people’s feeling. But marriage is different from love, marriage must have the material basis and economic basis. Marriage is inevitable for people's survival and development, and it must consider many factors. A happy marriage is the inevitable result of a emotional and rational balance, and the unity of substance and spirit.Ⅳ. ConclusionBy description and discussion of the four marriages in the novel, we can learn that middle-class women have different attitudes towards love and marriage. This novel also like a mirror, it shows the real society at that time, which also reflects the author's views on marriage: Marriage is often restricted by the character, property and family level factors. but she also stressed both men and women’s feeling is the cornerstone of an ideal marriage. It is wrong to get married for property, money and status. In addition, it was foolish not to consider these factors.Bibliography:[1]Sampson George, The Concise Cambridge History of English Literature, Cambridge University, 1988[2] 常耀信. 英国文学简史[M]. 南开大学出版社, 2000.[3] 简•奥斯汀，傲慢与偏见[M]，内蒙古：内蒙古人民出版社，2002[4] 李银河，女性权力的崛起[M]，北京：中国社会科学出版社，1997.。
傲慢与偏见英语论文
傲慢与偏见英语论文本科生毕业论文中文题目:浅析简奥斯汀在《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观英文题目: On Jane Austin’s Attitude TowardMarriage in Pride and Prejudice学号: 20111801310005 姓名:年级和班级: 2011级英语1班学院: 外国语学院系别: 英语专业: 英语指导教师:完成日期: 2015 年 4 月 27 日AcknowledgmentsDuring the past several months of writing this thesis, many people have given me great support and inspiration. Without their encouragement and help, this thesis could not have been completed so smoothly.First and foremost, my genuine thanks should be given to my supervisor, professor, Xing Hong, for her generosity in spending her time giving me valuable instruction in the selection of translated materials. She made format and language corrections, gave precious suggestions and refined some ideas in my paper, without her supervising and urging, this thesis would not have achieved its present form.Over the course of writing this thesis, I would also express my thanks to all the teachers who taught me during the four yea rs’ study. It is with the assistance of these teachers that I have finished my thesis; it is from them that I have learned the meticulous scholarship that will benefit me all life.Last but not least, I would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge the support and encouragement from my friends who stand by me for their assistance in stuff collection and suggestions leading to the success of this thesis. I am more than grateful to my parents for their continuous love for so many years and their support and encouragement.AbstractPride and prejudice is a very popular novel written by Jane Austen and it is read widely all over the world. The novel described four marriages about middle class in 18th century in Britain and disclosed different ideas in front of different people. It was written in 1813. That specific history time decided that people at that time took money and social status much more seriously, even on their marriage. In this paper, the marriage cases of most characters in the book were taken to analyze how money and social status influenced their matrimonial value orientation. And it tells us a truth, love and marriage is closely associated with property and society，but love and marriage can not only be decided by the property and social status. An ideal marriage should be based on mutual affection and respect and the marriage should be built on love.Keywords: Pride and Prejudice; love; money; class; value orientation摘要《傲慢与偏见》是简奥斯丁写的一部非常受欢迎的小说，并被世界各地广泛阅读。
从《傲慢与偏见》看简·奥斯汀的婚姻观
On JaneAusten＇s Opinions about Marriage in ＂
Pride and Prejudice＂
作者： 王付荣
作者机构： 罗定职业技术学院,广东罗定527200
出版物刊名： 漯河职业技术学院学报
页码： 45-47页
年卷期： 2010年 第3期
主题词： 爱情;婚姻;金钱;个性;幸福
摘要：婚姻与爱情是人类社会永恒的话题,而在描写这类主题的作品中,简.奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》一直以来受到人们的喜爱。
在这本书中,奥斯汀通过描写四对年轻人的婚姻与爱情,表达了自己对这个问题的看法。
本文从爱情、金钱与个性三个角度,阐述了奥斯汀在《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观,那就是：恋爱婚姻与财产和社会地位相互关联,但恋爱婚姻不能仅取决于财产和社会地位,正确的婚姻应当建立在相互爱慕、相互尊重的基础上,并且双方的性格也会对婚姻是否幸福产生影响。
她既反对为钱而结婚,也反对轻率结婚,强调婚姻中感情因素的重要性。
英语文献综述傲慢与偏见中的婚姻观(精品文档)_共2页
On Jane Austen's View of Marriage in Pride and Prejudicewritten by Zhu MengxianAbstract: Jane Austen's masterpiece Pride and Prejudice fully embodies her view of marriage. In the following, a brief review is given about her views on marriage by analysing several related articles.Key words: Jane Austen. Pride and Prejudice views of marriageIntroduction: Jane Austen humorously described different kinds of marriage relations in Pride and Prejudice. Until today, this novel is still very popular among many readers and arouses people's observation and unlimited thinking of marriage.Review: It has been pointed out that Jane holds the view that love and marriage are associated with but not totally lie on the property and social status, the marriage which is based on the love is a true happy marriage. There are many articles to support this view. For example, one of researchers thought marriage and property and social status are interconnected, but marriage could not only depend on the property and the social status based on researching the four young couples' marriages in this novel which can be categorized into two groups according to their different marriage foundation, Simply one just like Charlotte — Collins and Lydia — Wickham is called unhappy marriage. The other one like Elizabeth — Darcy and Jane — Bingley is the opposite. “ She believed that marriage just for money was wrong, but marriage of no money was stupid.”On the other hand, some papers have reported that Jane attaches great importance to ideal marriage and regards the feelings between men and women as the cornerstone of the ideal marriage. Austen fully expresses her views on love and marriage only by appreciating the marriage founded on the basis of mutual admiration, understanding and mutual respect. In Tang Chunhua’s paper, she considered that “ She believed that a husband not only need have certain number of family property but also must respect women, and at the same time there must be mutual understanding between them.” It happens that there is a similar case, Yu Hongen pointed out that Jane stresses that character is important than appearance in a marriage. “ Austen believes that the person’s character is more important than appearance in the matter of a happy marriage.” “ They have common in character and mutual appreciation, it is the most solid foundation that they can go into the marriage hall and toward a rational happiness.”At the same time, it emphasizes the independence and dignity of women on the marital problems.Conclusion: During her time, Jane's view was so advanced that it was not accepted widely. Until today, it still has important influence. Austen’s views on marriage and love are also suitable for our real social. We youth should make right marriage and love views to orient our lives. There are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people’s eyes. In a word, we can find her idea about marriage from the analysis, marriage, property and social status interconnected, but not absolutely.References[1] 王歆.论简-奥斯汀在《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观【M】.2005.5[2] 汤春华.分析《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和婚姻观【M】.2010.4[3] 杨茜雯.论简-奥斯汀作品《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情与婚姻【M】.2009.5[4] 于红恩.论《傲慢与偏见》的爱情观与婚姻观【M】.2012.2。
傲慢与偏见中简奥斯汀的婚姻观
本科生课程论文论文题目：Jane Austen’s Outlook toward Marriage inPride and Prejudice___________________ 课程名称：论文写作任课教师：专业：英语（师范）班级：学号：姓名：2013 年11月22日外国语学院制Jane Austen’s Outlook toward Marriage in Pride and PrejudiceAbstract: Jane Austen use ironic tone to narrate four different marriages in Pride and Prejudice, through which stated her view of marriage that a perfect marriage should include both money and love and expressed contempt toward money worship.Key Words: Jane Austen, outlook toward marriage, Pride and Prejudice, reflectionThesis Statement: Jane Austen’s view of marriage is that love is the most important element in marriage while money is essential.Ⅰ. Basic information of Jane Austen and Pride and PrejudiceJane Austen (16 December 1775 –18 July 1817) was one of the most influential English novelist in 18th century. She descried English country life with vivid word, which was regarded as foundation of early realism in literature. Using critical and satire style writing, Jane bit social illness in a humourous way. Though the theme and stories were similar, topic related to marriage would never become outdate. Maybe that’s the reason her novels rema ined popular all over the centuries. Pride and Prejudice was Jane’s magnum opus. In the novel, she narrated several marriages that were made for different reasons. While we laugh at the humourous dialogues, the fate of the characters’ arouses our thinking toward marriage. Marry for both of love and money is perfect. However, few of us are as fortune as Elizabeth. Jane’s outlook toward marriage was embodied in each line of the novel. Women’s consciousness of freedom and love was illuminated advanced.Ⅱ. Background of Pride and PrejudiceA. English society in early-19th-century1. ValuesIn the late 18th century and the beginning of 19th century, Britain had enlarged its colony in Australia, New Zealand and India. On account of the Independence of America, the new continent became an important market to export. In addition, after a series of wars, Britain won its maritime hegemony across the Atlantic. In the country, the Industrial Revolution brought out prosperity in fields of industry and commerce. “An empire on which the sun never sets” had risen.The new power which consisted of a bulk of the emerging bourgeoisie sprung up. Social wealth increased in a dramatic way during this time, which negatively influenced people’s value(Gao,Y.,.99). The unprecedented eager and purchase toward fortune made money worship become the main stream of society. People fantasized to be rich during one night. To marry higher social position is such a shortcut. In many cases, marriage turned to be a deal of money rather thana bond of love.2. Women’s statusDue to the boom of Industry Revolution, the demand of labor increased (Bai,S,L.,139). With more women took part in works, their position improved. After the enlightenment, humanism had been enjoying popular support. Besides, the new emerging bourgeoisie were open-minded. The advanced elements of them appealed rights and interests of women. Feminist movement began sprouting in big cities. Some women even attended political events (Lu,W.F.,124). However, because of the strict hierarchy, most women still suffered low social status, especially in the countryside (Wang,X,X.,132-33).B. Life in countryside1. Landlord class in politicsAt that time, England was in a transitional era of feudal economy and capitalist economy. On one hand, people in countryside produced not only for their own use but also for the supply of big cities. One the other hand, nobles from north industrial cities had a tradition of buying poverty in countryside to honor their status. Squire like Bennett, upstart like William Lucas, hereditary peerage like Darcy, all status got together in countryside, which made country a miniature of the whole society of the day. While nobles leaned for the land, squire admired higher status and privilege. By marriage, each took what he needed.2. Peace and quietThough affected by social currents, country life was in the trend of money worship, its quiet and peace were still (Gao,Y.,100). The splendid English idyllic scenery, pleasant climate, fertile soil, abundant resource attracted and comforted both figures in the novel and the readers. Under such beautiful nature, love story was more romantic.3. LimitationWomen were limited in their home and work place. They had few chances to learn about outside world. Though Jan e’s family was opened-minded enough to get her well educated, she almost never left her hometown all her life. Her value and view toward the world still ranged in the level of countryside women (Zhen,Y,H.,Li,X.,35).Ⅲ. Comparative study of Jane’s attitude toward the marriage of the three couplesA.Darcy and Elizabeth1. Frank and HonestDarcy and Elizabeth met at the countryside ball without any good impressive with each other. In some sense, an encounter without intention is romantic. The careless show that the comment of the other was totally real. Elizabeth’s mother was so fear her daughters would not married, that once heard there were gentlemen came by, she persuaded them to go to tempt them. However, Elizabeth was elegant and self-depended. She won’t follow her mother’s order. Though took part in serious of social occasions and met with rich nobles, she kept good manner all the time. As to Darcy, although a little asocial, he “always tells the absolute truth”. T hrough all procedure got to know each other, no matter hate or admire, they expressed themselves honestly. Their love was developed in a transparent way, which was a firm foundation of marriage.2. Fate and Effort“Pride and Prejudice” was the bond of love to Darcy and Elizabeth. Darcy’s mindless arrogant comment “She’s tolerable” stimulated Elizabeth’s prejudice, that was, Darcy was a pride noble, a “boasted”, “self-centered” man with little gentle and considerate. During the process of clearing up the misunderstanding, Elizabeth gradually found his “generous nature”, thought him as “the best man I have ever known”. Their love happened naturally as destiny that ties them together. An attempt marriage will never as happy as theirs.Besides the fate, people should labour for their love. Lovers met, fell in love, but it’s determine to be together finally bring out into marriage. Imagine Darcy got disappointment when Elizabeth condemned him of evils he had never done, or hesitated when relevant against his affection, or Elizabeth shrink with Lady Caroline’s humiliation, they definitely won’t get happy ending. Therefore, trust each other and overcome whatever difficulties are also cores that lead happy marriage.3. Money and LoveOur hero Darcy was a rich noble instead of poor minister or something. That means Jane herself knew the importance of material and regarded as another vital element of successful marriage. Imagine Darcy was poor, then who would be the one helped to pay Wickham’s bet? At that time, “false step in one sister must be injurious to the fortunes of all the others”. If no one paid off, the whole family would be look down, and then no one could marry well. With sufficient amount of poverty, Darcy could gave a hand when his love in need. Treasure was basics of living and happiness, which is truth we have to admit. It looked ridiculous that Mrs. Bennet was so eager to marry her girls. But as the fact in 19th century that girls had no rights to inherit, she should be worried of having no where to live in after her husband would pass by. Even in modern society, it’s no doubt money is important element supports long-term marriage.Money is necessity, but marriage without affection is like a tomb (Mei Z.X.,191). While others only paid attention in poverty, Jane proposed romance is essential in happy marriage. This was a big splash at that time. Her views were reflected on Elizabeth’s and words such as “I could not love a man was out of his wits”, and “Only the deepest love will introduce me into matrimony”. Unless took a man with love, she would get marry, though may “end an old maid”. As to Darcy, when he first show his love to Elizabeth, he realized “The relative situation of our families makes any alliance between us a reprehensible connec tion”, but because of his “a passionate admiration and regard”, he finally got marry for love.4. Self-esteemWoman should keep pride no matter how large the gap of statue and poverty between her and her husband. Considering Elizabeth’s condition, it w as not exaggerate that Darcy took her was like prince took Cinderella. However, Elizabeth showed little lowliness, even when blamed by Lady Caroline. “He is a gentleman; I am a gentleman’s daughter. So far we are equal.” Her grace and confident manner was the core quality Darcy was captivated. To deeper sense, Elizabeth’s behavior reflected Jane’s opinion that Men and women should have equal status. One should be judged by his upbringing, instead of fortune and background. Jane’s emphasize of human inner quality embodied early awaken of humanism (Zhen,Y.H, Li, X.,39).B. Jane and Bingley1. Proper AttitudeJane was a kind-hearted girl, “like an angel”，she was always thinking others’ good. That a precious quality to a woman and a wife. A beautiful girl with such quality was attractive to most men in the world. Bingley was one of them. Though Jane had a most soft heart, she was strong inside. Though seemed less of confidence, Jane held right value toward love during the relationship (Jonathan Gottschal,1117). Though Jane was not as sharp as Elizabeth, but she was also “should so much like to marry for love”. When Bingley was fascinated with her, she loved him back. When Bingley went back to London, she bravely went to the town to get her love back. Without meeting her love, she decided to let it go. When Bingley came back and propose, she generously forgave his fault. Not matter happiness or sadness, she could tolerant. Her way of dealing with difficulties helped her won happy marriage.Bingley was an outgoing and enthusiastic man. He could have fun in any place with any people even at the simple and cruel ball in country. That showed his tolerant, which was the same with Jane. What’s more, he didn’t think a lot of money. When he met Jane, he was deeply imp ressed by her beauty and good quality and never gave her cold-shoulder because the large gap betweenpoverty and statue.The only flawless was Bingley’s hesitate when love got into trouble. Compared with Darcy, Bingley was more vacillate under surrounding disapproval. However, under such social environment, his frailness was understandable.2. Surrounding influenceIn Jane and Bingley’s case, we can see sometimes relevant and friends may influent a lot in marriage. It was Darcy and Bingley’s sisters per suaded Bingley to give up and leave, which almost led to breaking up. It was also Darcy’s encouragement made him went back and proposed, which finally ended with happiness. So, when our friends fell in love, we should encourage them and give them courage. Besides, a wrong advice may lead others’ life-long regret, which demand us think twice before interfere a relationship.C. Collins and CharlotteCollins and Charlotte’s marriage was seemed in a rush, but they were doomed to be together because they got what each other needed (Mei Z.X.,192). With little feelings, their marriage was “perfect” in their own eyes. While Collins needed a young wife, Charlotte needed a rich husband. When Elizabeth visited Charlotte’s house after she got married, she felt sorry wh en she heard Collins and Charlotte hardly spoke all day. But Charlotte said, “I found myself quite content with my situation”. In marriage is like drinking water, whether it is cold or warm is known by oneself. Charlotte always knew what she really wanted: “I’m not romantic…I ask only a comfortable home”. In her value, she had married a man whose poverty and statue good enough to be envied (Niu,B.H.,31). However, a marriage without love was hardly to maintain.Collins and Charlotte’s marriage was typical in that time. Collins’ ridiculers thought that propose of a “noble” man could manage to receive by any low statue and poor woman was common. Meanwhile, Charlotte’s thought that a happy marriage was equal to find condition was also. Charlotte tempted Collins right after his proposal was declined, and soon received proposal from Collins. Their marriage was decided so easy and rash. Once “agreement” was reached, it was done. Their marriage was ugly exchange. The sympathy Jane showed to Charlotte represented her attitude toward woman in that time. With social system that woman could not hesitate, woman had to choose richer man for better situation in future, which killed their desire to love.D. Lydia and WickhamLydia and Wickham’s marriage was a total swindl e of money (Dennis W. Allen, 435). Lydia was so young and dizzy that hadn’t form mature value. Under Mrs. Bennet’s education of “good marriage”, she entered social intercourse with the age of fifteen. Knowing nothing of man and the world, she was tricked b y Wickham’s hypocrisy and good-looking outside. Simple-minded would be used. Therefore, in order to make wise judge on future husband, women should develop her inner cultivation and enlarge their views for there might be another faces below masks. For ladies, when pick up husbands, one should judge from outside to inside.Lydia didn’t realize she harm the honor of the family all along for her immature and selfish. Love is not everything in life(Jonathan Gottschal,1118). If marriage brings hurt to the whole family, it is definitely not successful. Through Lydia and Wickham were married under Darcy’s “help”, they won’t happy because their casual attitude.Ⅳ. Writing techniquesA. Humors1. Mr. and Mrs. BennetJane expressed her views of marriage not only in arrating stories of the four couples, but also in wring style. Her sense of humor was one of the major pleasures when reading her works. Mr. and Mrs. Bennet was a pair of love-hate relationship. When Mrs. Bennet advised Mr. Bennet to visit Bingley, he scored, “So that is he design in setting here to marry one of our daughters?” When the wife complained his less of considerate: “You have no compassion on my poor nerves!”, he responded: “You mistake me. I have a high respect for your nerves. They’ve been my old friends for 20 years”. The funny dialogues between the old couple compared the two adverse attitudes to marriage. Mrs. Bennet’s ridiculous manner of tempting a wealth son-in-low was emphasized in this way.2. Elizabeth and DarcyElizabeth inherited her father’s humor naturally. Her humor was revealed especially when she marked Mr. Darcy: “I wonder if he’d be as handsome if he weren’t so rich.”, “Will he be in humour to consider young ladies who are slighted by other men? …Never!” The dislike she showed toward Darcy was widely divergent of her admire afterwards. “Indeed, he has no improper pride. He is perfectly amiable. ”, “If you only knew his generous nature.”, “He is truly the best man I have ever known”. The huge convert was assuming. It reminded us that in many cases, romance begin with dislike even hatred.B. SatireIn Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austin used ironic in her writing, With this kind of rhetoric, Jane excellently created figures’ characters, expressed their motion and also embodied her humor as a writer. “Though the sarcastic sometimes revealed her limitation as a countryside woman, her writing style has still regarded as one of the representatives of ironic” (Fu,R.,168-70).“In ironic, or other relative rhetoric such as satire, Jane showed her views toward society”(Gemmill,K.,1120). When Darcy encountered Elizabeth for the first time at the party, his attitude was i ndifferent, even cold. Elizabeth was the same. Darcy’s comment about her caused her disgust. She refused to talk with him during dance. However, after went though misunderstanding and struggle, they were strongly attracted by each other. The twist in spot setting itself was an ironic. Another example was set in the scene of Collin’s proposal to Elizabeth. When made the request for the first time, Elizabeth declined gently. Collin was so unwise that he listed his belongings, tried to change her mind. Without self-knowledge and sense of shame, he proposed again. Unsurprisingly, he was rejected twice in a minute. Different from the sincere and earnest that showed before, he was too angry to keep his manner. His absurd self-conceit，false and value of money worship was vividly described in Jane’s ironically style of writing (Fu,R.,170).Jane’s writing of ironic contributes not only in literary, but also in her independent thoughts. As a woman writer, Jane’s advanced outlook toward ma rriage and society was well delivered by the disdain tone(Wootton,S,42).C. Others1. ExaggerationExaggeration was also used by Jane to portray characters. For incidence, Collins “continued apologize for a quarter of an hour." Mrs. Bennet’s exiting whe n rich man came by was another example. The ugly vanity was enlarged for readers to identify. She took advantage of her imagination to make novel funnier. “Once readers catch her intention, they will taste the homour and smile knowingly” (Fu,R,170).2. MetaphorExpect for exaggeration, Jane used metaphor to strength ironic. She compared Mr. Bennett to philosopher, as he could only be gain happiness from the books, instead of his marriage. This kind of expression can also unify the whole novel.3. ReiterationReiteration was appeared in the novel, too. For example, every time when described Mrs. Bennet’s worry of marrying her five daughters, Jane referred her “poor nerves”. We can imaan old lady consisted to sob and complain: “Oh, my poor nerves”. What’s more, “5000 a year” and “10000 a year” were referred again and again to emphasize Mrs. Bennet’s favor of money. It was not only criticism of Mrs. Bennet, but her type of people who put poverty in the first place. Another example was Mr. Collins told everyone his seeing of the luxurious fitment when visited Lady Caroline’s house. Jane’s description about his of silly endless talk about worship toward wealth and high status showed his stupid shallow mind.Ⅴ. Jane appeal that money is important in marriage but it is not the most important thing.A. Conclusion of Jane’s view of marriageJane herself was most like Elizabeth, from whom we can analyze her view of marriage (Zhou,N.,16). Elizabeth’s self-esteem, fine manner, pursue of romantic was characters Jane intended to advocate. In Elizabeth and Darcy’s marriage we can see in Jane’s opinion, a perfect marriage should contain both fine material and love. “Though Jane expressed her distain of money aimed marri age, she had to admit comfortable condition was also a vital element” (Liu,T.T.,2-7).B. Significance in Current SocietyJane’s sagacity words were forever classical, especially for females. For the question she posed has been puzzling for centuries. Until today marry for money or for love is still an issue. No matter how the society develops, total equality of man and wom an hasn’t achieved still. Marriage is a long-life choice that may totally change one’s life. Though time changes, for common people, happy marriages are similar. Most people can find advice for marriage in Pride and prejudice. That is the reason it has been publishing again and again.Not everyone in so lucky like Elizabeth, even Jane herself. It is said that, in a research, the probability that one can find his perfect mate (that includes family condition, character, and geography and so on) is 1/6000, which means most of us can’t really have one. Some prefer to be single and ended up with alone all life. But it is not bad to learn from Charlotte. One should always know what he really wants. Once choice has been made, he should thankful for what he has owned and accept what he has given up. After all happiness is satisfaction from heart, to own it or not depended on one’s own feeling.Words Cited:1. Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, Yanbian People's Publishing House, Ji Lin, 20102. Wootton,S. The Byronic in Jane Austen’s Persuasion and Pride and Prejudice，1(2007):31-353. Fu,R. .Irony in Pride and Prejudice and its Rhetoric Effect，Oversea English,8(2013):168-1704. Mei Z.X., On Jane Austen's Views on marriage in Pride and Prejudice, Oversea English, 1(2013):1915. Gemmill,K. “Ventriloquized Opinions of Pri de and Prejudice Mansfield Park, and Emma: Jane Austen’s Critical V oice”. University of Toronto Quarterly, 4(2010):1115-11226. Jonathan Gottschal, Human Nature and Literary Meaning: A Theoretical Model Illustrated witha Critique of Pride and Prejudice.Ed. Jonathan Gottschall and David Sloan Wilson, Northwestern University Press, USA, 2005:76-857. Dennis W. Allen. “No Love for Lydia: The Fate of Desire in Pride and Prejudice”. Texas Studies in Literature and Language 4(1985): 425-4438. 王晓焰,社会性别理论与18-19世纪英国妇女的社会地位,四川师范大学学报( 社会科学版), 11(2005):132-1339. 白述亮,女性主义视野下的英国工业化进程研究,四川师范大学学报（社会科学版）, 11(2008):13910. 甄艳华,李欣,从十九世纪英国小说谈早期女性主义文学,安徽文学, 12(2009):3711. 何山,文节,胡绍进,论奥斯丁《傲慢与偏见》中婚姻观,现代商贸工业,11(2011),20112. 牛宝华,论夏洛蒂婚姻选择的合理性,文学教育,11(2010):31-3313. 周楠,谈《傲慢与偏见》中女性的婚姻意识，东北农业大学学报（社会科学版),4(2010):8614. 刘婷婷,中西文化背景下的婚姻观对比分析,苏州大学硕士论文5(2012):2-7,15-1715. 高雅,《傲慢与偏见》与乡村中的英国社会,外国文学, 10(2010):99-10016. 陆伟芳,近代英国妇女自我意识的觉醒，江苏行政学院学报, 2(2004):124-125。
Austens View of Marriage in Pride and Prejudice
Austen’s View of Marriage in Pride andPrejudiceⅠ. IntroductionJane Austen (1775-1817) is often viewed as the greatest of the English women realistic novelists in the 19th century. Her greatness lies in her ability to stimulate readers to supply what is not there and expand a trifle in our mind and endow with the most enduring form of life scenes. Jane Austen wrote only six complete novels. In these novels, an assembly of characters, men and women, old and young some, but not many, children --- who are unforgettable and can become as real to the reader as his or her own friends and family is vividly described. Austen criticized comically “the overvaluation of love, the miseducation of women, the subterfuges of the marriage market, the rivalry among women for male approval, the female cult of weakness and dependence, the discrepancy between women’s private sphere and male history”(Austen 112).In Jane Austen’s novels, innocent courting and proper marriages constitute the central strands of the story, but behind these we can see that there lurks the ulterior motive of loving an marrying for money and social position. Her heroines without any money or social rank are always placed in a desperate situation of having to lure some young and rich landlords or clergymen with comfortable livings into marrying them, either with their looks or with their wiles, or with both. This is a truthful reflection of the specific historical period of the author’s time during which people seemed to take money much more seriously than other times, especially the women awaiting their marriage.As a realistic novelist, Jane Austen’s view of marriage expressed in her works is actually a true portrayal of the marital status in her time, especially of women of the gentry. Behind the comic plots, there was the sorrowful social reality that women’s fates were determined by their economic conditions and most of them were constrained by the so-called “accomplished lady” concept.The paper is to analyze some cultural background of women’s marriage in Austen’stime and the economic status and property elements that influenced their marriage and thuswe can obtain a further understanding of Jane Austen’s view of marriage.Ⅱ. Contrast between Marriage in Austen’s Time and Her NovelA. Marriage in Austen’s timeIn Jane Austen’s time, there was no real way for young woman of the “genteel” class to strike out their own or be independent. Professions, universities, polities, etc., were not open to woman. Few occupations were available to them----and those few such as being a governess, i.e.a live -in teacher for the daughters or young children of a family, were not highly respected, and did not generally pay well or have very good working conditions. Jane Austen wrote in a letter about a governess hired brother Edward: “By this time, I suppose she is hard at it, governing away---- poor creature! I pity her. They are my nieces.”(Austen 204). And the patronizing Mrs. Elton in Emma is “astonished” that Emma’s former governess should be “so very lady-like…. quite the gentlewoman”, as opposed to being like a servant in the general view.Therefore most “genteel”woman could not get money except by marrying for it or inheriting it. And since the eldest son generally inherited the bulk of an estate as the “heir”, a woman could be an “heiress “only when she had no brothers, Besides, only a rather small number of woman could be called professionals, who through their own efforts earned an income sufficient to make themselves independent, or had a recognized career. Jane Austen herself was not really one of these few women professionals-during the last six years of her life she earned an average of a little more than 100 pounds a year by her novel –writing, but her family’s expenses were four times amount, and she did not meet with other authors or move in literary circles. And unmarried women also bad to live with their families, or with family-approved protectors----it was almost unheard for a genteel youngish and never-married female to live by herself, even if she happened to be an heiress. As Lady Catherine says in Pride and Prejudice:“Young woman should always be properly guarded and attended, according to their situation in life”. (Austen 165). Even Queen Victoria had to have her mother living with her in the place in the late 1830’s before she married Albert though she and her mother actually were not even on specking terms during that period. Only in the relatively uncommon case of anorphan heiress who had already inherited, i.e. who had “come of age”and whose father and mother were both dead, could a young unmarried female set herself up as the head of a household, and even here she must hire a respectable older lady to be a “companion”. Hen a young woman left without the approval of family or the relatives or family-approved friends or school where she had been staying, her act was always considered very grave----a symptom of a radical break, such as running away to marriage disapproved husband, or entering into an illicit relationship, as when Lydia leaves the Foresters to run away with Wickham in Pride and Prejudice. Therefore, a woman who did not marry could generally only look forward to living with her relatives as a “dependent”, more or less like Jane Austen’s situation. So marriage was pretty much the only way of getting out from the under the parental roof----- unless, of course, her family could not support her, in which case she could face the unpleasant necessity of going to live with employers as a “dependant”governess or teacher, or hired “lady’s companion”. Some woman were wiling to marry just because marriage was the only allowed route to financial security, or to escape an uncongenial family situation.Marriage at that time was indeed a shortcut for woman to extricate themselves from predicaments, but economic considerations should not be neglected because a marriage without financial security could only put woman into another difficult situation, in which they might suffer poverty again, and even disagreeable husbands as well.B. Marriage in Her NovelThis is the dilemma discussed in the following exchange between the relatively impoverished sisters Emma and Elizabeth in Jane Austen’s novel. Elizabeth: “I have been at school, Emma, and know what a life they lead; you never have---- I should not like marrying a disagreeable men ----- I think I could like any good-humored man with a comfortable income ----- you are rather refined.”(Austen 79)To Emma Watson, marrying a man she did not like is worse than anything else and she wants to be independent on her own efforts. However, Elizabeth Waston is more realistic, she sees the professional women’s difficult situation, so the thinks a comfortable income of her future husband is more important than anything else. In Price and Prejudice, the dilemma is expressed most clearly by the character Charlotte Lucas, whose pragmatic views on marriage are voiced several times in the novel:Without thinking highly either of men or of matrimony, marriage had always been her object: it was the only honorable provision for well-educated young women of small fortune, however uncertain of giving happiness, must be their pleasantest preservative from want. “This preservative she had now obtained; and at the age of twenty-seven, without having ever been handsome, she felt all the good luck of it”. (Austen 98-99)Lucas is 27, not especially beautiful according to both herself and Mrs. Bennet, and without an especially large “po rtion”, and so decides to marry Mr.Collins “from the pure and disinterested desire of an establishment”. However, Jane Austen does not intend to simply condemn Charlotte Lu cas, who finds consolation in “her home and her housekeeping, her parish and her pou ltry, and all their dependent concerns”,(Austen 65) for marrying Mr.Collins, for Charlotte’s dilemma is a real one. All this shows that a poor woman at that time had no other alternative but to wait for a rich husband to support her. Jane Austen herself was unable to afford a handsome dowry, which apparently prevented one early mutual attraction from becoming anything serious. Later a fairly prosperous man proposed to her, however her becoming anything serious. Later a fairly prosperous man proposed to her, however her eagerness for spiritual happiness did not lead her to make a vulgar decision. Nevertheless, the life of an old maid could not be happy, either.In addition to all these reasons why a woman herself might wish to be married, there could also be the family pressure on her for her to be married. In Pride and Prejudice this issue is treated comically and economically, since Mrs. Bennet is so eager to marry her daughters off to any rich young men, yet so conspicuously unsupported by her husband. But that such family pressure could be a serious matter is seen in the character Charlotte Lucas who cannot help but marry Mr. Collins. This kind of family pressure often arose from the financial pressure within the family. There were also the great attractions of the married state of the husband was rich. In Northanger, Isabella Thorpe.According to Mr. Collins in Pride and prejudice “this young gentleman (Darcy) is blessed, in a peculiar way, with everything the heart of mortal can most desire, ----- splendid properly, noble kindred, and extensive patronage.”(Austen 279). What a happy married life a woman could enjoy if her husband is a gentleman like Darcy! And when Lydia is to be married, Mrs. Bennet’s “thoughts and her words ran wholly on those attendants of elegant nuptials. Finemuslins, new carriages, and servants” (Austen 237). And on Elizabeth’s marriage she exclaims: “What pin- money, what jewels, what carriages you will have! … A house in town! …. Ten thousand a year! … I shall go distracted!” (Austen 292). All this seems to show that happiness of marriage lies not in love but in material benefits. Yet Jane Austen expresses her unromantic opinion on all this clearly by the fact that only her silliest characters have such sentiments while Mr. Bennet says: “He is rich, to be sure, and you may have more fine clothes and fine carriages than Jane. But will they make you happy?”(Austen 290)The seeming preoccupation with money in connection with marriage in Jane Austen’s work may mislead modern readers. While there is no lack of greed and shallow materialism on the part of some characters, sensible characters must devote serious thought to this topic, since it is rather foolhardy to marry without having a more or less guaranteed income in prospect---- as we will think of not only sustenance for life, but also social security, old age pensions, unemployment compensation, health insurance, etc. Jane Austen’s sister Cassandra was engaged for several years without being able to marry due to lack of money on the part her and her fiancé and their families. And similarly, even a sincere man but with a limited income might be deterred by financial reasons from marrying his girl. This was more or less what happened to Jane Austen herself once. Jane Austen wrote a satiri cal charades on the “marriage market”, where personal attractions are weighed against economic considerations. Here “ my whole” is the word to be guessed, “ my first” is its first syllable, and “my second” its second syllable: You may lie on my first on the side of a stream; and my second compose the nymph you adore; but of, when you’ve none of my whole, her esteem and affection diminish----think of her no more! The answer is “banknote”. This shows only rich women would be respected and loved.As far as marriage was concerned, economic considerations were much more important than personal attractions. That was a kind of cruel social reality to those poor beautiful women because even their beauty could not give them more chances to obtain happy marriages.Ⅲ.Equal Importance Between Love and Money in MarriageA. Marriage With Both Love and Money— An Ideal Marriage1. Elizabeth’s Marriage: With Both Love and MoneyElizabeth is her father’s favorite daughter, having inherited his wit and intelligence. “Lizzy has something more of quickness than her sisters”, he says. Like all the girls of the “genteel” class, under the influence of “the truth universally acknowledged”, Elizabeth goes to attend the dancing party held in Meryton, and is coldly treated by Darcy as result, but she used her healthy sense of humor to joke about Mr. Darcy’s rude behavior at the ball. She is deeply aware that she must find a good husband if she wants to live a better life in the future. However, her awareness does not lead her to make hasty unwise choices. On the contrary, she will watch and wait with sense and sensibility for the right chance as she desires her marriage to comprise both love and money. She is intelligent, vivacious, humorous, perceptive and quick-witted and she has strong sense of personality and dignity. She despises her mother’s dreadful mentality and unbearable vulgarity and also her younger sisters’ flirtatiousness and dissoluteness, but is never ashamed of her amiable uncle and aunt Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner just because of their profession as merchants. First, she refuses Mr. Collins’ proposal without any hesitation because she does not and will never love him, which is against her mother’s will. The first opportunity has thus slipped, while Miss Lucas becomes Mrs. Collins soon. Mrs. Bennet is so angry that she is on the verge of having a mental disorder. Then Elizabeth resolutely refuses Mr. Darcy’s proud though honest proposal. Moreover she does not knuckle under to the snobbish Miss Bingley and is neither overbore b y nor cringing to Mrs. de Bourgh’s domineeringness. Elizabeth’s two refusals seem to be against her original intention. But after a careful study, we can see that these refusals just exhibit the lovable and fine qualities of Elizabeth. She is sensible enough to know that she would lose the source of livelihood after her father’s death if she couldn’t marry a rich husband. Facing such a dangerous situation, she has refused two proposals. What is her motive of doing so? I think that it is her pursuit for happiness. It is impossible for her to forget pecuniaryconsiderations when she thinks about her marriage. At the same time, she attaches great importance to love, which is an indispensable element to a happy marriage. She once holds good feelings toward Wickham, considering him to be the most agreeable man she has ever met, but meanwhile she thinks it imprudent to fall in love with him. She says to her aunt: I will take care of myself, and of Wickham, too. He shall not be in love with me, if I can prevent it. (Austen 114) It is Elizabeth’s steadfast pursuit for spiritual agreement that makes her image brilliant in the novel.But how shall we quantify the ratio between money and love in a marriage? Mr. Collins is too vulgar and sycophantic to match Elizabeth. And Wickham is short of not only money but also moral, although she does not know it until much later. When the handsome and rich Mr. Darcy is turned downed for the first time, Elizabeth explains this very clearly: “Why? with so evident a design of offending and insulting me, you chose to tell me that you liked me against your will, against your reason, and even against your character? Was not this some excuse for incivility, if I was uncivil? ...” (Austen 149). Elizabeth’s refusal to Darcy is to a certain de gree out of her prejudice against him because she is credulous of Wickham’s with Darcy’s arrogant bearing long before. Darcy himself later says: “In vain have I struggled. It will not do. My feelings will not be repressed. You must allow me to tell you how ardently I admire and love you.” (Austen 147). Afterwards, she feels regretful for her own bias and rashness. There is a faint pity in her painful self-condemning and complicated feelings. When she sees Darcy’s Pemberly Park, her feeling changes, for “She had never seen a place for which nature had done more, or where natural beauty had been so little counteracted by an awkward taste. … and at that moment. She felt that to be the mistress of Pemberly might be something!” (Austen 187). Apparently there is a sort of pleasant sensation about substance based on money subconsciously. However, such kind of sensation seems to be natural and reasonable to go with her elegant temperament. Elizabeth rejects a proud Darcy, but accepts a perfect-going Darcy. After she confesses her love for Darcy and their engagement to her elder sister, Jane asks her how long she has loved Mr. Darcy and she answers, “I must date it from my first seeing his beautiful grounds at Pemberly.” (Austen 288). Though she is joking, it is not so difficult to see her liking for money and property.As an ordinary woman of the “genteel” class, Elizabeth may not have many brilliant andprofound thoughts, even the spiritual agreement that she longs for is not of high level. However, she possesses some qualities that are quite different from other ordinary girls. They are her remarkable wisdom and indomitable spirit. She can deal with Mr. Collins’ entanglement and her mother’s interference tactully. Facing the arrogant Darcy and the snobbish Miss Bingle y, she does not show any inferiority because of her own family background. Instead, she always gives them tit for tat in speech and action in order to defend her dignity. Even the imperious and despotic Mrs. de Bourgh is thoroughly refuted by Elizabeth and has to leave indignantly. She could not have had such behavior without any remarkable wisdom. What is more, Elizabeth dare do what other women of the same class dare not. A great deal of courage is needed for her to refuse the proposal by Mr. Collins and Mr. Darcy. After all she is a girl without a dowry. It is obvious that her spirit based on the full understanding of herself is against the conventional concept of family status in marriage and for the equality between the male and the female. No wonder that she is treated as the protagonist of the novel. She hopes that her marriage can be based on love and that the couple will have spiritual agreement. Such kind of spirit was very rare at that time. Although Elizabeth’s concept of equality in the family is quit different from that of the present, it will not affect our full admiration of Austen’s spirit against the feudal hierarchy and the inequality between men and women perceived by the character Elizabeth. Nevertheless, it was unlike for Austen to go beyond her class limitations when she advocated the marital equality between men and women. The most rebellious words of Elizabeth when she debates with Mrs. de Bourgh are only: “In marrying your nephew, I should not consider myself as quitting that sphere. H e is a gentleman; I am a gentleman’s daughter; so far we are equal.” (Austen 247). The Bennet family belongs to the country gentry, therefore, Elizabeth can not demand the true equality without any class distinctions owing to the limits of interests of her own class. Her strongest argument to support her concept of equality is that both Darcy and she herself belong to the same class. What would she say if she belonged to a class much lower than Darcy’s? However, that does not discolor her rebellious spirit against the inequality imposed on her by the external world. Such rebellious spirit was valuable and praiseworthy when the feudal aristocracy was fairly influential and the feudal hierarchy occupied a very important place in people’s minds.Although the equality Austen demanded had its limitations, it was much more progressivecompared with the situation without any equality under the strict feudal hierarchical system and it might liberate people’s mind to some extent in many respects such as politics, econ omics, culture, social life, and marital problems of course, so that women could have certain rights to seek their own freedom and happiness. The finest quality of Elizabeth lies in her sense of dignity. She thinks she is equal not only to Mr. Collins but also to the young aristocrat Mr. Darcy. With such kind of confidence, she will not want to marry Mr. Collins or Mr. Darcy merely because she needs a rich husband to support the rest of her life. The most unbearable thing for her is that both of the men do not propose to her not of the love based on the equality between men and women. Maybe Elizabeth never excludes economic considerations when she deals with her own marital problems, but her refusal cannot but be regarded as a strong resistance against the p revailing practice of marriage for money at that time. Elizabeth’s first refusal to Darcy makes him realize his own pride and egotism. So when they meet at Pemberley again, Darcy becomes very courteous and quite different from what he was at the dancing party, which moves Elizabeth very much. Only then does Elizabeth realize that they are congenial in thoughts, emotions and interests. When her sister Jane asks how long she has love Mr. Darcy, she replies that “… I believe I must date it from my first seeing his beautiful grounds at Pemberley”(Austen 45). Here she not only refers to the Pemberley Park, but also means the modest and courteous. Darcy at Pemberley. That is to say, Darcy cannot win Elizabeth’s heart unless he has changed his proud manners. At first, she felt that she was not treated as an equal person when Darcy proposed to her, so she did not love him. The temptation of money and social status can not make her disregard the inequality between men and women, and by refusing the proposal she has defended her dignity and personality as well as the purity of her love. Later, with more and more understanding of Mr. Darcy, she also regrets her prejudice against him and comes to admire him. When Darcy has changed completely, she eagerly accepts his proposal. Although Elizabeth is not independent economically, it does not prevent her from influencing Darcy’s life as an equal human being and from keeping her own dignity.2. Jane’s Marriage: Love at First Sight Based on Beauty and FortuneJane, the eldest daughter of the Bennet family, is a typically good-natured and gentle woman in the novel. At a dancing party in Meryton, Jane and Mr. Bingley fall in love with each other at first sight. Since Jane unites composure of temper and a uniform cheerfulness of manner withgreat strength of feeling, which keeps her from being impertinent, it is difficult to perceive her preference she entertains for Mr. Bingley from the first. Mrs. Bennet is so ecstatic with this aristocratic young man’s preference for her daughter that she cannot help boasting whenever she can. On some later occasions, the love between Jane and Bingley develops very smoothly. Although Jane does not reveal her happiness outwardly, it is quite obvious that she is extremely willing to seek connections with those people in the Netherfield Park, especially her marriage to Mr. Bingley. So when he leaves for London suddenly one day, Jane feels somewhat disappointed and very sad at Miss Bingley’s letter which tells her that Mr. Bingley loves Georgiana, Darcy’s sister, very much. During those days when she stays in London at Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner’s invitation, she goes to visit Miss Bingley in perso n in order to get some information about Mr. Bingley. She expects him to some every day, and feels extremely sad at Miss Bingley’s hypocritical show of friendship. Later, Jane does not marry Mr. Bingley until the misunderstanding between Elizabeth and Darcy has disappeared.It seems that only their marriage involves purest love with no tint of money at all. Then why is not Bingley penniless but a “young man of large fortune”? According to Mrs. Bennet, Jane’s marriage to Bingley has the following advantages:His being such a charming young man, and so rich, and living but three miles from them, were the first point of self-granulation; and then it was such a comfort to think how fond the two sisters were of Jane, and to be certain that they must desire the connection as much as she could do. It was, moreover, such a promising thing for her younger daughters, as Jane’s marrying so greatly must them in the way of other man;and lastly, it was so pleasant at her time of life to be able to consign her single daughters to the care of their sister, that she might not be obliged to go into company more than she liked.(Austen 80)It is not difficult to see that the marriage of Jane and Bingley is more r less based on their good looks as they love each other at first sight. Yet Mrs. Bennet is particularly happy just because her son-in-law has a yearly income of four or five thousand pounds. So in addition to their nice appearance, their happiness owes a great deal to Bingley’s large fortune. As a womanwithout a dowry, Jane finds a good way out for herself by marrying Mr. Bingley, although there has been little exchange of feeling of love between them except admiration for each otherB. Marriage With neither Love nor Money —An Unhappy Marriage1. Lydia’s Marriage: With neither Love nor MoneyFar contrary to her two eldest sisters, Lydia, the youngest daughter of the Bennet family, is vain, ignorant, idle and absolutely uncontrolled and frivolous in her love affair and marriage. According to Austen,She was a stout, well-grown girl of fifteen, with a fine complexion and good-humored countenance; a favorite with her mother, whose affection had brought her into public at an early age. She had high animal spirits, and a sort of natural self-consequence, which the attention of the officers, to whom her uncle’s good dinners and her own easy manners recommended her, had increased into assurance (Austen 37-38).Though Lydia is the youngest daughter, she is very keen on taking part in social activities, indulging herself in flirtation with the “red coats” all the time. Naturally, the public notice of her unguarded and imprudent manner causes great disadvantage to Elizabeth and Jane, but she does not feel ashamed of her own deeds and words at all. Besides, the wild volatility, the assurance and the disdain of all restraints that mark her character affect the Bennet family’s importance and respectability in the society. In the eyes of those gentlemen and ladies, Lydia is only an uneducated flirt. Finally she elopes with the rake George Wickham, which is tactfully prepared for in the presence of Lydia herself.In the first half of the novel, Lydia is not described in detail. After Elizabeth and Jane come home from Hunsford and London, she comes more to the fore, until she leaves for Brighton and disgraces herself by ordering a salad she cannot pay for and buying a hat she doesn’t like because she “might as well buy it as not” and because “there were two or three much uglier in the shop”, revealing the same carelessness of consequence and irresponsibility with which she elopes with Wickham. Elizabeth persuades her father to forbid the visit to Brighton, which prepares us to expect some kind of disaster.With he help of Darcy, Wickham and Lydia get married at last. Their marriage is obviously a disgraceful and unhappy one. First their respective motive for marriage is not Out of the love for each oth er. Mr. Bennet’s mischievous negligence and Mrs. Bennet’s mistaken indulgence towards Lydia determine their daughter’s character and behavior:…Lydia had wanted only encouragement to attach herself to anybody. Sometimes one officer, sometimes another, had been her favorite, as their attentions raised them in her opinion. Her affections had been continually fluctuating, but never without an object. (Austen 214)Therefore, Lydia marries Wickham just out of her sexual desire and momentary impulse without considering her later life, forgetting that anyhow she is a poor girl. Actually Wickham has no intention of marrying Lydia before Darcy has settled everything for him. Originally, he plans to make his fortune by marrying a rich woman. As to his elopement with Lydia, he does not scruple to lay all the ill consequences on her own folly alone and he shows no sense of responsibility at all. Darcy’s help can relieve him from the embarrassing circumstances immediately, but he bargains for more if he must be required to take Lydia, until finally Darcy promises to pay all his debts, to secure him a commission and present Lydia with another thousand pounds. Second, neither Lydia nor Wickham has a solid economic base. It has been made clear at the beginning that the Benn et girls have no right to inherit their father’s property. Lydia is not an exception. Mr. Bennet can only provide one hundred pounds to Lydia every year during his life and one thousand pounds in the four per cent after his death. Wickham has not sixpence of his own at that time. From Darcy’s letter to Elizabeth we know that what Wickham deserv es according to Darcy’s father will has been destroyed by his own vicious propensities and his life of idleness and dissipation. When he elopes with Lydia, he has been obliged to leave the regiment on account of some debts. He means to resign his commission immediately; and as to his future situation he can conjecture very little about it. He must go somewhere, but he does not know where, and he knows he would have nothing to live on. Such a marriage can be taken as another instance to illustrate that both true love and sufficient money are of overwhelming importance in marriage.。
Analysis of the views about marriage in Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见的婚姻观分析
1.IntroductionJane Austen is a famous British women novelists in the nineteenth-century . Pride and Prejudice is her masterpiece. This work reflects the British towns state of human life and explore the love and marriage of the 18th century to early 19th century. It is based on daily life for the material and through the different description of the true love story. There are four different types of marriage in the novel,and they are related to the author Jane Austen's life and background, personal experiences and insights of great love relationship.As we know, love is the eternal theme of human life. Everybody needs love, but not everyone owns love. Marriage is one of the important ways to certify two people's love. But the divorce rate is higher and higher. This will inevitably cause our thinking and attention. Is it anything wrong with people's views of love and marriage. Jane Austen's opinions can give us lots of thinking, although the time she lived is far from ours. Therefore, this paper aims to help people realize the ideal marriage through analyzing Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice.Primarily employing the techniques of exemplification, induction and comparison, the author of this article is going to divide the whole dissertation into four chapters. The first one is a general introduction. The second one is a introduction about the author and a literature review. The third one,which is the most important part, compare two of the marriages in Pride and Prejudice and summarizes the author's views on marriage.In the end comes a conclusion,which show my opinions about Jane Austen's views.2.Literature Review2.1 About the authorJane Austen (1775~1817) is a famous British women novelists. Her work focuses on women's marriage and squire family life. She used a woman's meticulous observation and lively and humorous write the text world around her small world truly.Austen never married until she died. Since living in the rural town, come into contact with small and medium landowners, priests and other people and their quiet, comfortable living environment, and therefore her works without major social conflicts. Her works, relaxed style of humorous and full of comic conflict, are popular among readers. From the 18th century to early 19th century, the boring "sentimental novel" and "Gothic novel" is full of the British literary scene. But Austen's novel, unconventional yet to be demonstrated at the impact of industrial revolution, showed the middle class in capitalism of English daily life and rural scenery. Her works often ridiculed the comic scenes of people's stupid, selfish, snobbish, and ridiculously blind self-confidence contemptible weakness. Generally speaking, Jane Austen was a writer of the 18th-century, though she lived mainly in the nineteenth century. She holds theideals of the landlord class in politics, religion and moral principles; and her works show clearly her firm belief in the predominance of reason over passion, the sense of responsibility, good manners and clear-sighted judgment over the Romantic tendencies of emotion and individuality. As a realistic writer, she considers it her duty to express in her works a discriminated and serious criticism of life, and to expose the follies and illusions of mankind. She shows contemptuous feelings towards snobbery, stupidity, worldliness and vulgarity through subtle satire and irony. And in style, she is a neoclassicism advocator, upholding those traditional ideas of order, reason, proportion and gracefulness in novel writing.As a novelist Jane Austen writes within a very narrow sphere. The subject matter, the character range, the social setting, and plots are all restricted to the provincial life of the late 18th-century England, concerning three or four landed gentry families with their daily routine life: relationships with members of their own family and with their friends, dancing parties, tea parties, picnics, and gossips. In her novels, there is little reflection on the events that stirred the whole Europe at the time, no thrilling adventures, no abstract ideas, no romantic reveries, and even no death scenes. Everything in her novel results in an observation of a quiet, uneventful and contented life of the English country. Here lie her very weak points as well as strong points. Such narrowness apparently comes from the writer's own limited experience and knowledge; yet, by writing within the small area of her experience and by never stepping beyond the limits of her knowledge, it allows the writer to have a close study of characters and a detailed description of recurring situation so that she can portray them with absolute accuracy and sureness. It is no exaggeration to stay that within her limited sphere, Jane Austen is unequaled.2.2 SynopsisPride and Prejudice, originally drafted as "First Impressions" in 1796, is the most delightful of Jane Austen's works. First published in 1813, Pride and Prejudice has consistently been Jane Austen's most popular novel. It portrays life in the genteel rural society of the day, and tells of the initial misunderstandings and later mutual enlightenment between Elizabeth Bennet (whose liveliness and quick wit have often attracted readers) and the haughty Darcy. The title Pride and Prejudice refers (among other things) to the ways in which Elizabeth and Darcy first view each other. The original version of the novel was written in 1796-1797 under the title First Impressions, and was probably in the form of an exchange of letters.According to Jane Austen, our first impressions are usually wrong, as is shown here by those of Elizabeth. In the process of judging others, Elizabeth finds out something about herself: her blindness, partiality, prejudice and absurdity. In time she discovers her own shortcomings. On the other hand, Darcy too learns about other people and himself. In the end false pride is humbled and prejudice dissolved. In addition, there are 4 more marriages include Jane and Billy,Charlotte and Collins, Lydia and Wycombe and the old Bennett.3.Views about marriage in the novel3.1 Comparison of two of the marriagesThrough comparing Elizabeth's marriage and Lydia's marriage to search the differences about freedom and equality. On the analysis of the two couples’marriages in Pride and Prejudice we find that Elizabeth and Darcy are much happier than Lydia and Wickham. Elizabeth and Darcy not only are independent in thought, personality and economy, but also are equal in their attitudes. All of these determine that they will have a happy marriage. In the estate society, their statuses are not equal but they can smash the bonds of tradition and can treat each other equally. Elizabeth desires independence and equality strongly. It is a challenge to Darcy. After Elizabeth rejects Darcy’s proud proposal. Darcy receives her challenge and the y unite happily. However Lydia and Wickham are creations of capitalist society. They are selfish and like seeking fame and wealth. Their marriage doesn’t have the foundation of independence and equality. Lydia searches for moment enjoyment and Wickham hope s to gain fortune by marriage. They marry with Darcy’s help,but live a dependent life, which needs the help of others. Thus the marriage with the love of independence and equality is happy,which it is an eternal theme from time immemorial. It will brighten all the couples’way, leading them to happiness.3.1.1 Two marriagesElizabeth was the protagonist of Pride and Prejudice, might have many brilliant and many thoughts. She had some qualities that were quite different from other ordinary girls. She hoped that marriage could be based on love. Finally she married Darcy, won both love and money. Elizabeth refused two proposals from Mr. Collins and Mr. Darcy, even when she knew she would lose her father's heritage, and lose the richest man she had ever seen before. Maybe it was all because Elizabeth was a woman who wanted to pursuit happiness but not money. That was the reflection of Austen's mind. After Elizabeth knew the truth, confesses their engagement to her elder sister, Jane asked her how long she had loved him? She replied, I must date it from my first seeing his Beautiful grounds at Pemberly. Though she was joking, we all know that’s not because she attracted by it. That means Mr. Darcy couldn't win her heart unless he changed his proud manners.Lydia, the youngest daughter of the Bennet family, was uncontrolled in her love affair and marriage. She eloped with the Wickham, who originally wanted to make his fortune by marrying a rich woman. With the help of Darcy, they got married at last.Their marriage was obviously a disgraceful and unhappy one. Jane Austen certainly did not appreciate their marriage.3.1.2 Differences of the show of the independenceElizabeth and Darcy are independent not only in thought and economy. But Lydia and Wickham lack of independent factors which the above mentions.3.1.2.1 In ThoughtElizabeth and Darcy are independent in thought while Lydia and Wickham are not. Elizabeth possesses the quality of strong reason and keen observation. She has her own attitude towards marriage. She knows the happy marriage should be based on true love and should choose mate carefully and seriously. She ignores money and refuses Collins’proposal.Collin is a priest .His manner is serious and his behaviors are very formal, and he is follower of the rich and powerful, He is swell with pride when he is recommended to Lady Catherine and then has a good house, a large enough income .He thinks it will surely succeed in proposing to Elizabeth. But Elizabeth doesn’t like him and says to him, ―It is impossib le for me to do otherwise than refuse your proposal.‖ (Austen 78) Elizabeth disagrees with her best friend Charlotte to marry Collins for only seeking for material enjoyment.She feels that―Charlotte the wife of Mr.Collins, was a most humiliating picture!—And to the pang of a friend disgracing herself and sunk in her esteem, was added the distressing conviction that it was impossible for that friend to be tolerably happy in the lot she had chosen.‖(Austen 90) Elizabeth doesn’t only take a fancy to the appear ance of a man .She admires handsome Wickham first .In the process of her observing and understanding, she finds out that Wickham has only empty appearance and fawns on rich ladies, Wickham’s attention to her is over from then on.She also disagrees with Lydia to seek for moment enjoyment .After Lydia and Wickham elope, She says to Lydia, ―I don’t especially like your way of getting husbands.‖(Austen 223) Elizabeth’s independence in thought is also reflected in rejecting Darcy’s proud offer.She is an independ ent woman and can’t endure Darcy’s pride and looking down upon her family.She thinks that both sides should love each other deeply.This is her belief and never shakes .Darcy is independent in thought, too. He has money and rank .He should marry a girl who has the same condition. This is what Miss Bingley and his aunt Lady Catherine think.Miss Bingley tries the best way to win Darcy, but he still dislikes her and doesn't marry dy Catherine is a noble woman, and she has a very large fortune .She deems that her daughter suits him very much, Darcy and her daughter will unite the two estates by marriage.But Darcy is not interested inher.He loves Elizabeth , her charmful appearance, intelligent and character. His admiration to Elizabeth is prevented so much. When Elizabeth goes to Mr Bringley’s on foot and looks after her sister Jane .Bringley’s sisters make fun of her and her family at the back. .Even Miss Bingley says to Darcy, ―I am afraid… that this adventure has rather lessened your admiration for her f ine eyes.‖ (Austen 34 )But Darcy replies ―Not at all,…They are brightened by the exercise,‖(Austen 34)At Pemberley when Miss Bingley notices that Darcy admires Elizabeth, she merely intends to confuse Elizabeth and make her show some feeling that may harm her in Darcy’s opinion .But it affects nothing to Darcy. She continues to criticize Elizabeth’s appearance, behavior and dress. Darcy can no longer controls himself and says. ―For many months I have considered her as one of the best looking women in my acq uaintance.‖(Austen 191).His love to Elizabeth is prevented by his sense of family status too.He has tormented but with the effect of Elizabeth he triumphs over himself and loves Elizabeth more.On the other hand,Lydia lacks the independence. Lydia is Eliza beth’s youngest sister.She is empty-headed and idle.She always manages to learn some news and searches the officers .She doesn’t possess the quality of independence and is easily tricked by a deceitful man .She only needs encouragement to form an attachment to anybody. Sometimes one officer has been her favorite and sometimes another. It is the best proof that she runs away with Wickham..However Wickham doesn't love her really and has no intention to marry her. His enthusiasm is not stable and his thought is lack of independence. Sometimes he loves good-looking Elizabeth. Sometimes he seeks for rich Miss Marry King and lures Darcy’s sister to flight with him for revenging himself on Darcy. At last he runs away with Lydia because he wants to escape from his debts and leave Brighton with a woman companion. Lydia and Wickham aren't independent in thought and easily drift with their own desire and tides.3.1.2.2 In EconomyElizabeth and Darcy are independent in economy while Lydia and Wickham need the help of others .Elizabeth shares a part of five thousand pounds among her parents’inheritance.Darcy has rich family property and ten thousand a year . After they marry, they can support the family more enough and frequently help Mr.and Mrs.Wickham. Mention Lydia and Wickham,when they marry, Lydia’s property is nearly as same as Elizabeth, as her father says― one hundred a year during my life and fifty after I am gone.‖ (Austen 222)Wickham is in debt. It is Darcy who helps himpay off the debts and obtains a good position in the army, then gives a thousand pounds to Lydia.When their marriage starts, they aren't independent in economy.Even after they marry, they still ask for help. Elizabeth frequently sends some relief from her own private money ,and for Elizabeth’s sake,Darcy helped Wickham. They always stay at Bingley’s family so long that even Bingley’s good temper fails him. It’s not praiseworthy to live such a dependent life.3.1.3 Differences of the show of the equalityElizabeth and Darcy treat each other equally after marriage, while Lydia and Wickham don’t . Of course Elizabeth and Darcy unite with the foundation of equality. After their marriage they mutually respect and love each.Even Gorgiana , Darcy’s sister often listens with astonishment at Elizabet h’s lively, joking way of talking to her brother. Darcy receives Elizabeth’s advice and offers to end the quarrel between Lady Catherine and him.Darcy respects Elizabeth’s relations too. He still helps Wickham whom he doesn’t like only because he is the husband of Elizabeth’s sister.But Lydia stubbornly sticks to her own view to love Wickham. Let’s look at how the novel describes, ― Wickham’s affection for Lydia was just what Elizabeth had expected it to be ---not equal to Lydia’s for him.‖(Austen 234) She guesses that their running away together has been caused by the strength of her love rather than by his.But ―Lydia was extremely fond of him .He was her dear Wickham on every occasion No one was to be compared with him . He did everything best in the world .‖ (Austen 234)In Lydia’s eyes love is all her pursuit except all the others including equality . In Wickham’s eyes Lydia’s value is not herself but the comfortable life that it depends on Lydia’s brother–in-low. Their marriage isn’t based on equality fro m the first to the end.3.2 Summary of the author's views on marriageSumming up the above points of view, the author Jane Austen admitted that most women eventually acknowledged , the only purpose in life is to find the ideal man. It is why that her work always has a value, which is the eternal human nature. Whether it is the 19th century rural England or the 21st century Manhattan, or whether she is a country girls or a female doctor, love and marriage is a lifelong pursuit of women. Jane did not deny the value of money, the ideal leading man who is alway rich man or a man has stable income, even a priest or a small rural landowners in her work. She deeply knew the value and role of money. She is not a negation of the romantic material values, she is a realist unsatisfactory. What She asked is a perfect combination of money and love.4. ConclusionWhile I analyzed all the above mentioned, I will never forget Elizabeth’s character and Darcy’s sincere love. In the estate soci ety, their statuses are not equal but they can smash the bonds of tradition and can treat equally each other as an independent person. Finally they reach the bank of ideal and live happy life .I have to say that with independence and equality , people like Elizabeth and Darcy will get happiness in marriage . I am in favor of Jane Austen's views about marriage which is the perfect combination of love and money. But I don't agree she said that the only purpose of women in life is to find the ideal man. I think every woman should have her own ideas that to realize the value of being a independent person and pursing the freedom of heart. As we know, many women don't have an ideal husband, but we can't say that they are unsuccessful. Why the business is most important to man, but the family is the core for woman? In my opinion, woman shouldn't rely on man, the most powerful energy is ourselves. So, independence and equality are rather important to everyone. And I hope every couple can take it serious and has a happy marriage.Bibliography[1]Jane,Austen.Pride and Prejudice. Penguin Group:Cox&Wyman Ltd, 1994.[2]张伯香. 英美文学选读.外语教学与研究出版社，1999[3]邱爽. Jane Austen's Marriage Sense in Pride and Prejudice[J] 青年文学家。
Views on marriage from Pride and Prejudic
VIEWS ON MARRIAGE FROM PRIDE AND PREJUDICByEmily YangUnder the supervision ofLilyA Thesis Submitted toForeign Languages Departmentin Partial Fulfillment of the Requirementsfor the Degree of Bachelor of ArtsABC Normal UniversityMay, 2013AcknowledgementsAt the point of finishing this paper, I’d like to express my sincere thanks to all those who have lent me a hand in the course of my writing this paper. First of all, I’d like to take this opportunity to show my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Mrs. Yang, who has given me so much useful advice on my writing and has tried her best to improve the quality of my paper. Secondly, I’d like to express my gratitude to my classmates who offered me some suggestions and information on time. Last but not least, I’d like to thank those leaders, teachers and working staff especially those in the Foreign Languages Department, without their help, it would be much harder for me to finish the study on this paper. In a word, thank you for you all.iAbstractThe paper is mainly to discuss five different types of marriages in Pride and Prejudice. Through analyzing them, it can be found that affections, money, social status and so on are the main factors that affect marriages. People take different factors into first consideration when getting marriage which will lead to different ending. The purpose is to offer an opportunity for the modern female to draw some lessons from it.Keywords: views, marriage, Pride and Prejudiceii摘要本文主要探讨傲慢与偏见中的五桩不同类型的婚姻。
views of marriage in pridge and prujudice
Views of Marriage in Pride and PrejudiceName: Yang Xiaomin Number: 20115061123English Major School of Foreign LanguagesSupervisor: Cao Yue Title: InstructorAbstract: Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice reflects her conflicting views at that time that marriage should be based on love and happiness rather than property, social standings and luxury. The protagonist Elizabeth in the story is a peculiar character, she believes that marriage can’t be happy if without the true love, and she has a strong feeling of self-respect and equality between man and woman. It is just consistent with the author, Jane Austen’s thoughts and opinions. It also encourages other people at that time to nourish a good hope and pursue their happiness and true love.Key Words: Elizabeth; True Love; Marriage; Social Standings摘要：简〃奥斯丁的傲慢与偏见反映了与她生活的时代相冲突的观点，即婚姻应当是建立在爱情和幸福上而不是财产、社会地位和奢华上。
Views about Marriage in Pride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见中的婚姻观》
Views about Marriage in Pride and PrejudiceOutlineThesis:Marriage does not mean the act of uncontrolled passion but a complex engagement between the marrying couple and society.I. IntroductionII. The analysis of Elizabeth’s characterIII. Elizabeth’s views about marriageA. The most realistic marriage—Charlotte’s marriageB. The most ridiculous marriage—Lydia’s marriageC. The most happy marriage—Jane’s marriageD. The most admirable marriage—Elizabeth’s marriag eIV. ConclusionAbstractPride and Prejudice is a very popular novel by Jane Austen and it was read widely all over the world. This novel is written in 1813. We main agronomic characters of the marriage as a typical cases in books, how to influence their marriage value orientation of money. Some people may realize that marriage can provide opportunities of class mobility and financial support; money and class are thus closely connected in their decision of marital partners.If marriage is a castle, but the hero and heroine is like Darcy and Elizabeth such person, so, even a not pleasing to begin their mutual see each other bias, and ultimately willing to be trapped in such a city. The power of love is great, it can let a hate in human love change, can let you cast prejudice, and re-know and accept a person.Key words: Pride and Prejudice money value orientation marriage view内容提要《傲慢与偏见》是简奥斯丁一本在全世界都被广泛传颂的小说，写于1813年，我们可以通过这本小说将婚姻分为几种典型并且分析这几种婚姻观的价值取向。
View of Marriage in Pride and Prejudicee
View of Marriage in Pride and Prejudice河北联合大学外国语学院英语2班赵红宣201009010204李晶晶201009010203李丽霞201009010215温巧霞201009010214孙雪静201009010212叶柯承201010060108November, 2011Contents1.Introdu ction (3)2. Analysis of Pride and Prejudice (3)2.1 Jane Austen (3)2.2 Background (3)2.3Special features—Irony (3)2.4Plot overview (3)2.5List of Charac ters (6)2.6Themes (8)2.7Affection of the novel (9)3.Different opinions on love ＆marriage expressed by four marriages (10)3.1Elizabeth ＆Darcy (10)3.2 Jane ＆Bingley (14)3.3 Lydia ＆Wickham (15)3.4 Charlotte ＆Collins (17)4. Conclusion (19)5. Bibliography (19)6. Book list (20)1 .IntroductionPride and prejudice is a very popular novel written by Jane Austen and it is read widely all over the world. It was written in 1813. That specific history time decided that people at that time took money much more seriously, even on their marriage. In this paper, the marriage cases of most characters in the book were taken as typical to analyze how money influenced their matrimonial value orientation. This novel expresses her views on marriage: not only opposes marriage for money, but also opposes marriage as a trifling matter. The novel plot twists and turns, full of comedy, wit and full of humor, is widely loved by the readers.2. Analysis of Pride and Prejudice2.1 Introduction to Jane AustenJane Austen (16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist whose works of romantic fiction, set among the landed gentry, earned her a place as one of the most widely read writers in English literature, her realism and biting social commentary cementing her historical importance among scholars and critics.Austen lived her entire life as part of a close-knit family located on the lower fringes of the English landed gentry. She was educated primarily by her father and older brothers as well as through her own reading. The steadfast support of her family was critical to her development as a professional writer. Her artistic apprenticeship lasted from her teenage years until she was about 35 years old. During this period, she experimented with various literary forms, including the epistolary novel which she tried then abandoned. From 1811 until 1816, with the release of Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814) and Emma (1816), she achieved success as a published writer. She wrote two additional novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, both published posthumously in 1818.2.2BackgroundThe story of Pride and Prejudice took place in the time of the Regency in Britain. At that time, Britain was at the period of transition from the earlier stage of Capitalism to Capitalist Industrialization. In the countryside, the aristocratic family still held great power and right that country squires were likely to fawn upon them. However, as the development of Capitalism and the expansion of the rank of rich people, the distinction between social strata was becoming smaller and smaller, while money was getting more and more important in people’s mind about social value. A western literature critic once said that “even David Ricardo (a British economist) had a unlikely clearer understanding about the function of money in daily life as Jane Austen had.” It is exactly because of the secure pledge in finance that the country squire society could be existing strongly and solidly.2.3Special features—IronyIrony is a contrast or an incongruity between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually happens. Three kinds of irony are verbal irony; dramatic irony; situational irony.Pride and Prejudice is a model work of Jane Austen’s successful employment of irony. Irony plays a decisive part in characters as well as in plot development. The verbal irony in the dialogues and the situational or dramatic irony here are especially note-worthy.The ironies reveal the stupidity of Mrs.Bennet and Elizabeth’s derision of Darcy’s pride. And in terms of plot, the whole story seems to be composed of ironies. With a negative start on both sides, the love between Darcy and Elizabeth develops gradually. One ironical event leads to another where mutual repulsion is turned into mutual attraction, verbal quarrels turned into confessions, intended riddance turned into unexpected and nonetheless welcoming meetings, the proud turned into the humbled and the prejudiced turned into the repentant.The irony helps to bring the conscious criticism of the author to the reader and makes it fun to read the novel.2.4Plot overviewMr. Bennet is an English gentleman with an estate in Hertfordshire. He has five unmarried daughters but no sons while his inheritance must be inherited by a male, so Mrs. Bennet has been keen to seek husband for her daughters with great enthusiasm. One day the Bennets had a new neighbor called Bingley who was a wealthy bachelor and followed be the target of Mrs. Bennet. At a ball Bingley fell in love with Jane Bennet who’s the oldest daughter of the Bennets. Bingley’s friend Darcy also came to the ball and struck the sights, many girls liked him while he thought all of them couldn’t suit his preference, including Elizabeth. Mr. Darcy always shows others a impression of pride, having found this Elizabeth began to hate Mr. Darcy. Before long Darcy fell in love with Elizabeth Bennet(second oldest daughter in the Bennets) because of her lovely behavior, while Elizabeth is disgusted by his pride and has a prejudice about him. The official Wickham was welcomed by the villagers, and Elizabeth also took a shine to him. Wickham told Elizabeth that his father had been the steward of the Darcys. The old Darcy had regarded Wickham as his own son and showed more love to him than to Mr. Darcy. After the old Darcy died, the property should be inherited by Wickham was all deprived by Mr. Darcy, also was his pastorate. All this increased Eli’s prejudice about Mr. Darcy. At another ball Mr. Darcy invited Elizabeth to dance with him, but Eli refused him. Eli’s elder male cousin Mr. Collin came to Hertfordshire to inherit the Bennett's property by rules, he wanted to marry with one of the Bennets. Having known that Jane was already engaged with Mr. Bingley, he asked Elizabeth to marry him but was seriously rejected. At last he proposed to Charllote who was Eli’s friend. Mr. Collins was good at flattering and he got the pastorate with the help of Lady Catherine. Once his family was invited to Rosings Garden by Lady Catherine. Elizabeth also went there with Mr. Collin and Charllote. There she met Mr. Darcy who’s Lady Catherine’s nephew. Later in a garden, Sir William told Eli about Mr. Darcy’s latest act of dissuading Mr. Bingley’s marring Jane Bennet which caused Eli’s exceedingly anger. Then Mr. Darcy came to the Collins’ and confessed his love for Elizabeth, of course he was rejected impolitely. Afterwards Mr. Darcy wrote aletter to Eli in order to remove her misunderstandings of him. Elizabeth’s uncle and aunt were also impressed by Mr. Darcy’s politeness. Gradually Eli’s prejudice of Mr. Darcy diappeared. Eventually they became couple.2.5List of Characters2.51 Elizabeth BennetElizabeth Bennet is the protagonist of the novel and the reader sees the unfolding plot and the other characters mostly from her viewpoint. The second of the Bennet daughters at 20 years old, she is intelligent, lively, attractive, and witty, but with a tendency to judge on first impressions and perhaps to be a little selective of the evidence upon which she bases her judgments. As the plot begins, her closest relationships are with her father, her sister Jane, her aunt Mrs. Gardiner, and her best friend Charlotte Lucas.3.52 Mr. DarcyFitzwilliam Darcy is the central male character and Elizabeth's second love interest in the novel. He is an intelligent, wealthy, extremely handsome and reserved 28-year-old man, who often appears haughty or proud to strangers but possesses an honest and kind nature underneath. Initially, he considers Elizabeth his social inferior, unworthy of his attention, but he finds that, despite his inclinations, he cannot deny his feelings for Elizabeth. His initial proposal of marriage is rejected because of his pride and Elizabeth's prejudice against him; however, at the end of the novel, after their relationship has blossomed, he is happily engaged to a loving Elizabeth.2.53 Mrs. BennetMrs. Bennet is the wife of her social superior Mr. Bennet and mother of Elizabeth and her sisters. She is frivolous, excitable, and narrow-minded, and is imagines herself susceptible to attacks of tremors and palpitations. Her public manners and social climbing are embarrassing to Jane and Elizabeth. Her favorite daughter is the youngest, Lydia. Her main ambition in life is to marry her daughters off well.2.54Charles BingleyCharles Bingley is a handsome, good-natured, and wealthy young gentleman of 22, who rents Netherfield Park near Longbourn. He is contrasted with his friend Mr. Darcy as being, kinder, more charming and having more generally pleasing manners, although not being quite so clever. He lacks resolve and is easily influenced by others.2.55Jane BennetJane Bennet is the eldest Bennet sister. Twenty-two years old when the novel begins, she is considered the most beautiful young lady in the neighborhood. Her character is contrasted with Elizabeth's as sweeter, shyer, and equally sensible, but not as clever; her most notable trait is a desire to see only the good in others. Jane is closest to Elizabeth, and her character is often contrasted with that of Elizabeth. She is favored by her mother because of her beauty.2.56 Lydia BennetLydia Bennet is the youngest Bennet sister aged 15 when the novel begins. She is frivolous and headstrong. Her main activity in life is socializing, especially flirting with the officers of the militia. She dominates her older sister Kitty and is supported in the family by her mother. Lydia shows no regard for the moral code of her society and is remorseless for the disgrace she causes her family.2.57George WickhamGeorge Wickham has been acquainted with Mr. Darcy since childhood, having been under the guardianship of Mr. Darcy's father. An officer in the militia, he is superficially charming and rapidly forms an attachment with Elizabeth Bennet. He spreads tales about the wrongs Mr. Darcy has done him, adding to the local society's prejudice, but eventually is found to have been the wrongdoer himself. He runs off with Lydia, and is paid to marry her.2.58William CollinsWilliam Collins, aged 25, is Mr. Bennet's clergyman cousin and heir to his estate. He is "not a sensible man, and the deficiency of nature had been but little assisted by education or society." Mr. Collins is obsequious, pompous and lacking in common sense. Elizabeth's rejection of Collins' marriage proposal iswelcomed by her father, regardless of the financial benefit to the family of such a match. Mr. Collins then married Elizabeth's friend, Charlotte Lucas.2.59Charlotte LucasCharlotte Lucas is Elizabeth's friend who, at 27 years old, fears becoming a burden to her family and therefore agrees to marry Mr. Collins in order to gain financial security.2.6Themes2.61 LovePride and prejudice contains one of the most cherished love stories in English literature: the courtship between Darcy and Elizabeth. Elizabeth’s pride makes her misjudge Darcy on the poor first impression , whi le Darcy’s prejudice against Elizabeth’s poor social standing blind him to her many virtues for a time .I think this is the reason why the novel is named Pride and prejudice.Austen, meanwhile , poses countless smaller obstacles to the realization of the love between Darcy and Elizabeth , including Lady Catherine’s attempt to control her nephew , Miss Bingley’s snobbery , Mrs. Bennet’s idiocy , and Wickham’s deceit. Darcy and Elizabeth’s realization of a mutual and tender love seems to imply that Austen views love as something independent of these social forces, as something that can be captured if only an individual is able to escape the warping effects of hierarchical society . Austen does sound some more realist notes about love , using character of Charlotte , who marries the buffoon Mr.Collins for his money to demonstrate that the heart does not always dictate marriages. Yet with her central characters, Austen suggests that true love is a force separate from society and one that can conquer even the most difficult circumstances.2.62 ReputationPride and prejudice depicts a society in which a woman’s reputation is of the utmost importance. A woman is expected to behave in certain ways. Stepping outside the social norms makes woman’s vulnerable to ostra cism. The theme appears when Elizabeth walks to Nether field and arrives with muddy skirts, tothe shock of the reputation-conscious Miss.Bingley and her friends. At other points, the ill-mannered, ridiculous behavior of Mrs.Bennet gives her a bad reputati on with the more refined Darcys and Bingleys . By becoming Wickham’s lover without benefit of marriage, Lydia clearly places herself outside the social pale, and her disgrace threatens the entire Bennet family.2.63 classThe theme of class is related to reputation, they both reflect the strictly regimented nature of life for the middle and upper classes in Regency England. The lines of class are strictly drawn. While the Bennets , who are the middle class , may socialize with the upper class Bingleys and Darcys , they are clearly their social inferiors and are treated as such. Mrs .Callins spends most of his time toadying to his upper class patron, Lady Catherine .Darcy believes in the dignity of his lineage, Miss Bingley dislike anyone not as socially accepted as she is and Wickham will do anything he can to get enough money to raise himself into a higher station.2.7Affection of the novelPride and Prejudice was honored as one of the greatest novels which have great impact on women's life. Someone said th at “Elizabeth Bennet, the protagonist of the novel, flatly rejected William Collins’ proposal, who is the heir of her father’s property and manor, and refused the first proposal from the extremely wealthy nobleman Fitzwilliam Darcy later,” all this makes it clear that Elizabeth “seeks no fame nor fortune, but self-improvement and high mental outlook.” It’s right. From the view point of Austen, Elizabeth’s marriage, who finally marries Darcy, as well as Jane-Bingley’s, composing money and love, is the ideal marriage people should after. But in other marriage cases in this novel, we can see that if money and love can’t be held together in one marriage, love would always make a concession to money because of the special social background. After reading through the whole book, we will find that money acts as the cause of each plot and the clue of its development. It affects everybody’s words and deeds, even Elizabeth Bennet. Tony Tanner once said, “Jane Austen, as well as other authors,is very clear that no feeling could be extremely pure and no motive could be definitely single. But as long as it is possible, we should make it clear that which feeling or motive plays the leading role.”3.Different opinions on love ＆marriage expressed by four marriages3.1Elizabeth ＆Darcy: With Both Love and MoneyElizabeth is her father’s favorite daughter, having inherited his wit and intelligence. “Elizabeth has something more of quickness than her sisters”, he says. Like all th e girls of the “genteel” class, under the influence of “the truth universally acknowledged”, Elizabeth goes to attend the dancing party held in Meryton, and is coldly treated by Darcy as result, but she used her healthy sense of humor to joke about Mr. Dar cy’s rude behavior at the ball. She is deeply aware that she must find a good husband if she wants to live a better life in the future. However, her awareness does not lead her to make hasty unwise choices. On the contrary, she will watch and wait with sense and sensibility for the right chance as she desires her marriage to comprise both love and money. She is intelligent, vivacious, humorous, perceptive and quick-witted and she has strong sense of personality and dignity. She despises her mother’s dreadfu l mentality and unbearable vulgarity and also her younger sisters’ flirtatiousness and dissoluteness, but is never ashamed of her amiable uncle and aunt Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner just because of their profession as merchants. First, she refuses Mr. Collins’ pr oposal without any hesitation because she does not and will never love him, which is against her mother’s will. The first opportunity has thus slipped, while Miss Lucas becomes Mrs. Collins soon. Mrs. Bennet is so angry that she is on the verge of having a mental disorder. Then Elizabeth resolutely refuses Mr. Darcy’s proud though honest proposal. Moreover she does not knuckle under to the snobbish Miss Bingley and is neither overbore by nor cringing to Lady Catherine’s domineeringness. Elizabeth’s two refu sals seem to be against her original intention. But after a careful study, we can see that these refusals just exhibit the lovable and fine qualities of Elizabeth. She is sensible enough to know that she would lose the source of livelihood after her father’s death if shecouldn’t marry a rich husband. Facing such a dangerous situation, she has refused two proposals. What is her motive of doing so? I think that it is her pursuit for happiness. It is impossible for her to forget pecuniary considerations when she thinks about her marriage. At the same time, she attaches great importance to love, which is an indispensable element to a happy marriage. She once holds good feelings toward Wickham, considering him to be the most agreeable man she has ever met, but meanwhile she thinks it imprudent to fall in love with him. She says to her aunt: I will take care of myself, and of Wickham, too. He shall not be in love with me, if I can prevent it. It is Elizabeth’s steadfast pursuit for spiritual agreement that makes her image brilliant in the novel.But how shall we quantify the ratio between money and love in a marriage? Mr. Collins is too vulgar and sycophantic to match Elizabeth. And Wickham is short of not only money but also moral, although she does not know it until much later. When the handsome and rich Mr. Darcy is turned downed for the first time, Elizabeth explains this very clearly: “Why? With so evident a design of offending and insulting me, you chose to tell me that you liked me against your will, against your reason, and even against your character? Was not this some excuse for incivility, if I was uncivil? ...”). Elizabeth’s refusal to Darcy is to a certain degree out of her prejudice against him because she is credulous of Wickham’s with Darcy’s arrogant bearing long before. Darcy himself later says: “In vain have I struggled. It will not do. My feelings will not be repressed. You must allow me to tell you how ardently I admire and love you.”Afterwards, she feels regretful for her own bias and rashness. There is a faint pity in her painful self-condemning and complicated feelings. When she sees Darcy’s Pemberly Park, her feeling changes, for “She had never seen a place for which nature had done more, or where natural beauty had been so little counteracted by an awkward taste. … and at that moment. She felt that to be the mistress of Pemberly might be something!” Apparently there is a sort of pleasant sensation about substance based on money subconsciously. However, such kind of sensation seems to be natural and reasonable to go with her elegant temperament. Elizabeth rejects aproud Darcy, but accepts a perfect-going Darcy. After she confesses her love for Darcy and their engagement to her elder sister, Jane asks her how long she has loved Mr. Darcy and she answers, “I must date it from my first seeing his beautiful grounds at Pemberly.” Though she is joking, it is not so difficult to see her liking for money and property.As an ordinary woman of the “genteel” class, Elizabeth may not have many brilliant and profound thoughts, even the spiritual agreement that she longs for is not of high level. However, she possesses some qualities that are quite different from other ordinary girls. They are her remarkable wisdom and indomitable spirit. She can deal with Mr. Collins’ entanglement and her mother’s interference tactfully. Facing the arrogant Darcy and the snobbish Miss Bingley, she does not show any inferiority because of her own family background. Instead, she always gives them tit for tat in speech and action in order to defend her dignity. Even the imperious and despotic Lady Catherine is thoroughly refuted by Elizabeth and has to leave indignantly. She could not have had such behavior without any remarkable wisdom. What is more, Elizabeth dare do what other women of the same class dare not. A great deal of courage is needed for her to refuse the proposal by Mr. Collins and Mr. Darcy. After all she is a girl without a dowry. It is obvious that her spirit based on the full understanding of herself is against the conventional concept of family status in marriage and for the equality between the male and the female. No wonder that she is treated as the protagonist of the novel. She hopes that her marriage can be based on love and that the couple will have spiritual agreement. Such kind of spirit was very rare at that time. Although Elizabeth’s concept of equality in the family is quite different from that of the present, it will not affect our full admiration of Austen’s spirit against the feudal hierarchy and the inequality between men and women perceived by the character Elizabeth. Nevertheless, it was unlike for Austen to go beyond her class limitations when she advocated the marital equality between men and women. The most rebellious words of Elizabeth when she debates with Lady Catherine are only: “In marrying your nephew, I should not consider myself as quittingthat sphere. He is a gentleman; I am a gentleman’s daughter; so far we are equal.”The Bennet family belongs to the country gentry; therefore, Elizabeth cannot demand the true equality without any class distinctions owing to the limits of interests of her own class. Her strongest argument to support her concept of equality is that both Darcy and she herself belong to the same class. What would she say if s he belonged to a class much lower than Darcy’s? However, that does not discolor her rebellious spirit against the inequality imposed on her by the external world. Such rebellious spirit was valuable and praiseworthy when the feudal aristocracy was fairly influential and the feudal hierarchy occupied a very important place in people’s minds.Although the equality Austen demanded had its limitations, it was much more progressive compared with the situation without any equality under the strict feudal hierarch ical system and it might liberate people’s mind to some extent in many respects such as politics, economics, culture, social life, and marital problems of course, so that women could have certain rights to seek their own freedom and happiness. The finest quality of Elizabeth lies in her sense of dignity. She thinks she is equal not only to Mr. Collins but also to the young aristocrat Mr. Darcy. With such kind of confidence, she will not want to marry Mr. Collins or Mr. Darcy merely because she needs a rich husband to support the rest of her life. The most unbearable thing for her is that both of the men do not propose to her not of the love based on the equality between men and women. Maybe Elizabeth never excludes economic considerations when she deals with her own marital problems, but her refusal cannot but be regarded as a strong resistance against the prevailing practice of marriage for money at that time. Elizabeth’s first refusal to Darcy makes him realize his own pride and egotism. So when they meet at Pemberley again, Darcy becomes very courteous and quite different from what he was at the dancing party, which moves Elizabeth very much. Only then does Elizabeth realize that they are congenial in thoughts, emotions and interests. When her sister Jane a sks how long she has love Mr. Darcy, she replies that “ (I)believe I must date it from my first seeing his beautiful grounds atPemberley”(Austen 45). Here she not only refers to the Pemberley Park, but also means the modest and courteous. Darcy at Pemberley. That is to say, Darcy cannot win Elizabeth’s heart unless he has changed his proud manners. At first, she felt that she was not treated as an equal person when Darcy proposed to her, so she did not love him. The temptation of money and social status can not make her disregard the inequality between men and women, and by refusing the proposal she has defended her dignity and personality as well as the purity of her love. Later, with more and more understanding of Mr. Darcy, she also regrets her prejudice against him and comes to admire him. When Darcy has changed completely, she eagerly accepts his proposal. Although Elizabeth is not independent economically, it does not prevent her from influencing Darcy’s life as an equal human being and from keeping her own dignity.3.2 Jane ＆Bingley: Love at First Sight Based on Beauty and FortuneJane, the eldest daughter of the Bennet family, is a typically good-natured and gentle woman in the novel. At a dancing party in Meryton, Jane and Mr. Bingley fall in love with each other at first sight. Since Jane unites composure of temper and a uniform cheerfulness of manner with great strength of feeling, which keeps her from being impertinent, it is difficult to perceive her preference she entertains for Mr. Bingley from the first. Mrs. Bennet is so ecstatic with this aristocratic young man’s preference for her daughter that she cannot help boasting whenever she can. On some later occasions, the love between Jane and Bingley develops very smoothly. Although Jane does not reveal her happiness outwardly, it is quite obvious that she is extremely willing to seek connections with those people in the Netherfield Park, especially her marriage to Mr. Bingley. So when he leaves for London suddenly one day, Jane feels somewhat disa ppointed and very sad at Miss Bingley’s letter which tells her that Mr. Bingley loves Georgiana, Darcy’s sister, very much. During those days when she stays in London at Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner’s invitation, she goes to visit Miss Bingley in person in order to get some information about Mr. Bingley. She expects him to some every day, and feels extremely sad at Miss Bingley’shypocritical show of friendship. Later, Jane does not marry Mr. Bingley until the misunderstanding between Elizabeth and Darcy has disappeared.It seems that only their marriage involves purest love with no tint of money at all. Then why is not Bingley penniless but a “young man of large fortune”? According to Mrs. Bennet, Jane’s marriage to Bingley has the following advantages:His being such a charming young man, and so rich, and living but three miles from them, were the first point of self-granulation; and then it was such a comfort to think how fond the two sisters were of Jane, and to be certain that they must desire the connection as much as she could do. It was, moreover, such a promising thing for her younger daughters, as Jane’s marrying so greatly must them in the way of other man; and lastly, it was so pleasant at her time of life to be able to consign her single daughters to the care of their sister, that she might not be obliged to go into company more than she liked.(Austen 80)It is not difficult to see that the marriage of Jane and Bingley is more r less based on their good looks as they love each other at first sight. Yet Mrs. Bennet is particularly happy just because her son-in-law has a yearly income of four or five thousand pounds. So in addition to their nice appearance, their happiness owes a great deal to Bingley’s large fortune. As a woman without a dowry, Jane finds a good way out for herself by marrying Mr. Bingley, although there has been little exchange of feeling of love between them except admiration for each other3.3 Lydia ＆Wickham With neither Love nor MoneyFar contrary to her two eldest sisters, Lydia, the youngest daughter of the Bennet family, is vain, ignorant, idle and absolutely uncontrolled and frivolous in her love affair and marriage. According to Austen,She was a stout, well-grown girl of fifteen, with a fine complexion and good-humored countenance; a favorite with her mother, whose affection had brought her into public at an early age. She had high animal spirits, and a sort of natural self-consequence, which the attention of the officers, to whom her uncle’s。
浅议傲慢与偏见中的婚姻观
An Analysis of the Marriages in Pride and Prejudice1IntroductionIt is well-known that everyone is born to be equal. Almost all the people are eager to own wonderful love and perfect marriage. But sometimes the life is not always lucky and generous to all. So we may misunderstand and miss the true lover. However true love is so deserved to be aspired. Then there is a question that what is true love, and how can we do to pursue a perfect marriage? Maybe there are not accurate answers at all. All in all, I believe that no matter what kind of love or marriage, we should keep self-respect, passion and courage. In Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, the love and marriage between Darcy and Elizabeth set a great model for us, I think it is also the author’s ideal marriage. Everybody has an equal right to pursue the true love, but it also has sense with his social status and the treasure.In the thesis, I mainly focus on analyzing the love and marriage between Darcy and Elizabeth, try my best to find out some realistic meanings from their marriage. In the Chapter One, I give a brief introduction of the whole thesis, it is just like a personal presentation about love and marriage. In the Chapter Two, I would like to introduce the novel and the author. Such as the background of this novel and its lasting influence. In the Chapter Three, different views on marriage will be particularly analyzed. Especially the marriage of Darcy and Elizabeth. In the Chapter Four, also the last chapter, I mainly focus on the comparison between the popular views on pride and prejudice and the special implication on Pride and Prejudice. According to all the analysis, we may get a profound understanding of Austen’s views on marriage in Pride and Prejudice.2The Novel and the Author2.1 About Jane AustenJane Austen (1775-1817) was one of the nineteenth century British women writers. She was born in a country clergyman’s family, in the parish of Stevenson. Austen was brought up in an intelligent but restricted environment. She had little school education and completely depended on the guidance of her father and brother.She finished altogether six complete novels, and Pride and Prejudice is certainly her highest reputation. Austen has a great observation of human character and nature, especially on love and marriage. Her novels are almost about love and marriage. She expresses her own vi ews on marriage and the women’s wishes of striving for true love and free marriage. Austen was engaged in writing and never married all her life.2.2 The background of the novelPride and Prejudice narrates about some trivial matters about love and marriage of Britain in the 18th century. During the time, Britain was at the period of transition from the earlier stage of Capitalism to Capitalist Industrialization. In the countryside, the aristocratic family still held great right for the country squires. However, as the quick development of Capitalism and expansion of the rank of rich people, the distinction between social status was becoming smaller and smaller, while money was getting more and more important in people’s daily life. (Jiang Chengli: 2010; 5)The whole story matters four couples of young people, Jane and Bingley; Elizabeth and Darcy; Lydia and Wickham; charlotte and Collins; according to them, we can realize that different people have different points on love and marriage. The plot is very simple, which just centres on one question that how the young ladies choose their husbands. It deals mainly with the combination of Elizabeth and Darcy.2.3 A general summarization of the marriages in this novelJane Austen arranges four different marriages in Pride and Prejudice.It mainly describes some marriage relationships among the following four couples: Jane and Bingley; Elizabeth and Darcy; Lydia and Wickham; Charlotte and Collins. The paper recommends the marriages are perfect marriage, monetary marriage, realistic marriage. For them, the combination of Elizabeth and Darcy sets a great model for us young.2.3.1 Perfect marriageIt is a popular truth that the marriage of Elizabeth and Darcy, Jane and Bingley should be called perfect marriage. It tells us that true love is the foundation of a lasting marriage. The internal quality is full of enchantment, it contributes a lot to a wonderful marriage.Elizabeth and Jane are two sisters, who are self-respect,independent, sensible and strong-minded.Elizabeth is somewhat prejudice and Jane so kindness. For marriage, they believe true love is the primary element. Well,for the good friends Darcy and Bingley, there are little common points. Maybe the only common one is they are all rich. However, Darcy is so pride and Bingley so easygoing. Although they have suffered a lot of pain in love for many kinds of reasons, they are lucky enough to get such a perfect ending.2.3.2 Monetary marriageThe marriage of Lydia and Wickham may be looked on as a trade of money and eroticism. The union of them is just like two children play a game called dramaticism. We can’t see any spiritual love between them. For Wickham, gamble is his career, and money is all what he really wants. Lydia may be just a means for him to get more money. So for some extent, we can say their marriage is likely to be a tragedy. It may just be an beginning of unending pain.2.3.3 Realistic marriage“It is natural to get married when you grow up” is a good tradition and also a natural rule. For Charlotte and Collins, it seems like that. Their marriage is especially based on the authority and money. So we can call their marriage as realistic marriage. They got married only because they have grown up, they should have a marriage. True love is none of that much importance, but money seems to be one relevant element. Charlotte, as a grown-up young lady without any treasure or beauty, just wants to marry a common man with some treasure. Collins is a vulgar, self—important tyrannical man. As a clergyman, he has a good house and very sufficient income, but is always subservient and arrogant. During their marriage, there will not be any passion or temperament and interest. Just living may be all their life.3 Different Views on MarriagesAll great works are always capable of different interpretations. For one totally same thing, everyone will have his own opinions. Just like the views on marriage, every individual must have his or her special ideas. The following stories may present some examples for us. The first and the most classic sentence in Pride and Prejudice, “It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.” (Jane Austen: 2004; 1) can tell us more or less that marriage is not just a pure problem about love, which have great sensewith money and living. In other words, love and marriage is closely associated with property and society status. However, love and marriage can not only be decided by the property and social status. An ideal marriage should be based on mutual affection and respect. Austen rejects the marriage based on wealth and stresses the element of emotion in a marriage. Her standards of values about marriage set her free from the social rules to some degree and influence some of her readers on that time. She wishes there are less and less “Charlottes or Lydia”as the victims of the unfortunate or physical marriage. This reflects her feminist consciousness.3.1 The marriage of Darcy and Elizabeth3.1.1 The characters of the two young loversMr.Darcy is a son of a wealthy, well-established family and the master of the great of Pemberley. As Mr.Bingley’s best friend, though he is honest and fair-minded, rich and with outstanding appearance, his first impression to others is not good enough: proud and disagreeable, which makes a shark contrast with Bingley’s agreeable. His high birth and wealth make him overly proud and overly conscious of his social status. So when he proposes to Elizabeth for the first time, he dwells more on how unsuitable a match she is than on her charms, beauty, wit or anything else complimentary. However, his true love to Elizabeth results in the fact that he regrets a lot for his previous words and actions, and then does his most to rescue Lydia and Wickham out of their trouble. He sacrifices a lot for loving her.Elizabeth is an intelligent and sensible girl, the second daughter in the Bennet’s family. She is self-dignified and prone to hasty judgemengts. With somewhat prejudice on Darcy. Her intelligence, bravery and discretion in love bring about the fact that she refuses Collin’s proposal against her mother’s strong will. Elizabeth is the main character in this novel, she has her own insight into almost everything. Her sensibility and correct views on love and marriage bring her the final successful marriage. (Huang Min: 2005; 4)Jokingly speaking, we may call Darcy pride and Elizabeth prejudice. The two main characters of them once entangle their love. However, in the end, they conceal the original bad impressions and fall in deeply love with each other.3.1.2 The combination of themThe combination of decent Darcy and sensible Elizabeth results in a perfect marriage. Though there are some barriers at the beginning that Darcy proudly refusedto invite Elizabeth to dance and she has prejudice against him. Finally, Darcy makes proposal to Elizabeth twice. After the first refusal, he finds that he begins to love Elizabeth more, and later he feels her love for him by accident. Then all these compel him to proposal her again, regardless of her humble family and her inferior position. He feels contradictory in his mind: his strong love for Elizabeth makes him excited, while the ignorance of her families makes him bitter. It is his great love to Elizabeth changes him from pride into modesty and politeness. He is gratitude to her for her saving him from pride to amiable.Elizabeth is sensible, but she always prones to hasty judgements. Especially for Darcy, her prejudice is so much and without any cautious judgements. When she gets Darcy’s letter, she studied every sentence, and her feelings towards him are at times widely different. When she remembers the style of his address, she is still very indignation; but when she considers how unjustly she has condemned and unbraided him, her anger will turn against herself; and his disappointed feelings becomes the object of compassion. His attachment excited gratitude, his general character respect; but she can’t approve him, nor can she for a moment, repent her refusal, or feel the slightest inclination ever to see him again. In her own past behavior, there is a constant source of vexation and regret; and in the unhappy defects of her family’s subject of yet heavier chagrin. They are hopeless of remedy. (Jane Austen: 2004; 216) Later Elizabeth knows that it is Darcy who has helped so much and without any return to rescue her sister Lydia out of her trouble in marriage. Until the moment, she understands Darcy’s love for her is so sincere and his selfless help for her sister’s stupid marriage, she begins to regret for her original actions. And until now she admits her true love to Darcy. She says to her father, “I do, I do like him”, she replied, with tears in her eyes, “I love him. Indeed he has no improper pride. He is perfectly amiable. You do not know what he really is; then pray do not pain me by speaking of him in such terms. ” (Jane Austen: 2004; 383) she finds Darcy deserves her loving. She is so eager to get his proposal now. But in her mind, she believes that they will not meet each other again. True love will go on. After they concel all the misunderstanding between them, and speak love out frankly, they certainly obtain their successful marriage. The happy combination of Darcy and Elizabeth proves us the strength of true love could overcome the barriers of social class and prejudice.3.2 The other marriages in Pride and Prejudice3.2.1 Jane and BingleyThis couple enjoys an immediate mutual attraction when they first meet. Theyare so similar in nature and behavior, both of them are cheerful, friendly, and good nature, always ready to think the best of others. Jane Austen appreciates their marriage, but their marriage is not Austen’s ideal marriage, they lack entirely the prickly egotism of Elizabeth and Darcy. Jane is the eldest and most beautiful Bennet’s daughter. She is more reserved and gentler than Elizabeth. Jane’s gentle spirit serves as a foil for her sister’s fiery contentious nature, while Bingley’s eager friendliness contrasts with Darcy’s stiff pride.Bingley is a rich gentleman, who is so warmhearted, handsome, agreeable and easygoing. He falls in love with the poor Jane in spite of her inferior position, her outstanding beauty and kindness attract him deeply. But he lacks independence, enough courage and individual judgement in love, also Jane is too reticent. Their love Suffers a lot barriers, it is so twists and turns. All the following beautiful words can be used to describe Jane, such as mild, steady, rectitude and delicacy and so on. She is always lovely and kind. Everyone can’t help to like her. She is loyal in love, but lacks strength and self-confidence. So when they are separated, she holds her strong love in heart and believes that Bingley loves her no longer. It is Elizabeth who assures her of his loving and his coming back.Mr.Bingley and Jane love each other, but neither of them seems to be much convinced of that. The feeling leads to their parting transitorily. Luckily, they engaged in the end. The combination is not only but also perfect.3.2.2 Lydia and WickhamGenerally speaking, marriage just for beauty or money is very common. When people meet each other, the first important aspect they pay attention to is physical appearance. The union of Lydia and Wickham is such a good example. Wickham is a very handsome and gentleman-like officer, well Lydia, who is vanity, ignorant and empty-minded, attracted by him so deeply.For a wicked and deceitful villain, money is Wickham’s all dream. He may have a crazy preference to money. In Wickham’s minds, money is certainly the most important. So even though Elizabeth is so admired and attractive, they as well as like each other, he will not choose her because of her poor. However, he then turns to get engaged to another rich woman in a very short time. Lydia is a shout, well-grown girl of only fifteen, with a fine complexion and good-humoured countenance a favouriate with her mother, whose affection has brought her into public at an early age. She has high animal spirits, and a sort of natural self-consequence, which the attentions of the officers, to whom her uncle’s good dinners and her own easy manners recommende d her, had increased into assurance. Lydia almost pays all her attention to the officers in Meryton. The romantic libertinism with them is her greatest happiness. She is a youngflirt, who is also foolish, idle and vain. She will flirt with someone easily. Lydia’s flightiness and ignorance finally result in her elopement with Wickham. Compared with Wickham's keen to money, it seems that Lydia’s l ove to him is just based on sex and physical attraction merely. Hence the marriage foundation of their love is lack of moral checks, social duties and prudent thinking. Thus, it is doomed to be a failure.For some extent, we can tell that their marriage is just a beginning of a tragedy. But she hardly realized any of the adversity, even for her elopement with Wickham, she never feels little shame or remorse. On the contrary, she triumphs at her living with Wickham before marriage and abandons herself to the newly-married for a long time. In addition, Austen believes that love and marriage are not only personal matters, but are social matters. Besides love and money, she emphasizes the responsibly to family and society. Lydia runs with Wickham without thinking about her family members. And her actions will do great bad influence to her family, especially for her other sisters.3.2.3 Charlotte and CollinsThe combination of Charlotte and Collins should be called realistic marriage. The character of subservience and self-importance decides that his proposal to Elizabeth will be in vain. His vulgar and servile quality, especially his most ridiculous understanding of love, which are just like that as a clergyman marriage can help him set a good example for others; Otherwise, it can add up his sense of happiness and most im portantly, it’s the noble lady’s advice, which leads to his quick marriage with Charlotte after Elizabeth’s refusal.Charlotte is an ordinary and vain young lady, without much beauty or wit, she is also lack of perception. As Elizabeth’s intimate friend, she unexpectedly accepted the vulgar man, whose proposal is refused by Elizabeth just now. Her marriage does bring her “economic success”. But as the narratives in this novel, Charlotte likes to choose her sitting room with the idea of avoiding her husband. It indicates that they do not have a cozy marriage. Obviously, her sacrifice of true love for the sake of fortune does not get her real happiness. They get married only because that they are old enough and they want to have a complete family. So I call it reality. For Charlotte and Collins, marriage is more likely to be a pure question only about living and money.In fact, the free choice and the basis of marriage need a process, from meeting, acquainting, falling in love, conveying love, proposing, engaging and at last to marriage. This process is like some kind of convention, people must obey this process step by step and can’t accomplish all these in one move. (Zhuang Ping: 2004; 2) Austen also tells people that the nature of capitalist marriage is the combination ofexchange of money and benefits. The marriage of Collins and Charlotte, as well as Lydia and Wickham, are typical ones. So their marriages are doomed to be broken. The marriage should be called misfortune ones. It mainly because that the union of them goes against social criterion or natural law.4Reflections on Pride and Prejudice4.1 The popular views on pride and prejudiceFor most of us, pride and prejudice may just some simple words for describing someone’s character s, there is not any profound meanings with themselves, how to comprehend mainly depends on our human beings. And different people may have different ideas. As a general rule, people are not likely to have a preference to the ones with the quality, neither of pride or prejudice. They are always looked on as some labels to stand for people’s bad characters and qualities. Pride can be regarded as some kind of labels for others, we can also translate it as self-important, rude, supercilious or some others like this. So does prejudice. People have the conception that “prejudice”has become a concept of very bad impressions on others. It will influence someone’s judgement to the people or things that he has prejudice on. But in fact, the feeling may be just a misunderstanding.In my opinion, everything has its own meanings or indications, we should analyze the internal reasons thought out the surfaces, try to find out the essence. It will be more equal for all. Everyone is born to be equal, the good quality of kindness is inherent. Later, we will grow up in different family and different environment, get different education, form distinguishing outlooks on life and characters or quality. All in all, completely the same two pieces of the leaves can’t be found in the whole world, so do our humans. Everyone has his distinguishing characters and qualities, there must be differences among all the individuals more or less. We should not estimate which kind of character is good or not too easily. Just like every why has a wherefore.I firmly believe that every coin has two sides, pride and prejudice can’t be identified as bad characters subjectively, we had better make the equal judgement depends on more backgrounds and realities for anyone or anything.4.2 The special implication on Pride and PrejudiceFirst of all, Pride and Prejudice is one name of Jane Austen’s famous novel. It is so popular and classical a book. It is widely known among almost all of us. The novel mainly deals with some fundamental elements about marriage, tells us that true love is like the meat and potatoes in marriage, especially for a happy and perfect marriage. Money and social status are also related to love and marriage, they may be the great barriers for the young lovers to share their love.On the other hand, I would like to associate the main characters with the two qualities. According to the story, we can know that Elizabeth is a wit, strong-minded unmarried woman, Darcy is a very rich, handsome and disagreeable man. Later for some reasons, he leaves a bad impression on Elizabeth for the first time they meet each other. Then her prejudice for him gets greater and greater, because of some others’ misunderstanding. So we may call Darcy Pride and Elizabeth Prejudice. We can also understand like this: pride and prejudice are the basis of the whole novel. The four different marriages about the four couples all centre on the basis. The union of Darcy and Elizabeth can be regarded as the blend of pride and prejudice, it has some kind of profound meanings, not only for the lovers but also for the social class.For some people, Darcy deserves to be pride because of his great treasure well-educated and higher social status and so on. But for some others, his overly pride is bad enough for them to hate him and even leave far away from him, so Elizabeth does. On the face of it, it is Darcy’s pride leads to Elizabeth’s prejudice, but what exactly the truth is? There may not be some accurate answers, they are all their own feelings, which have nothing to do with true or false. Further analysis, we may recount something about the relationship between social status and the characters of pride and prejudice. For the people who are on a higher social status and in possession of a good fortune, they are easily to have an inherent superiority over the poor. So they may express the emotion naturally. We can’t easily declare that it is good or not, it may just a reflection of reality. Especially for the capitalist class. Relatively speaking, as a poor, she may has a sense of an inherent inferiority. For the great gap between them, they are likely to have some misunderstandings upon the wealthy. As the days pass away, the original misunderstandings may turn into prejudice. So for some extent, we can recount that pride and prejudice can be a reflection of the reality. It stands for different classes. The happy combination of Darcy and Elizabeth expresses that they eliminate the barriers including pride and prejudice. It also indicates that the compromise of different social classes. Also it suggests that true love invincibility. As the proverb says, “All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill.”I firmly believe that nothing in the world is difficult if we put our true love into it, and there will not be conflicts that can’t be settled if we put our heart into it.ConclusionPride and Prejudice is a novel with eternal and profound meanings. It is also regarded as the most classic work about marriage of all of Jane Austen’s six complete novels. Austen’s writing style is so comic and ironic. This novel mainly describes the different attitudes towards love and marriage about four couples of young people. Austen fully expresses her views on the relationships among money, love and social status in marriage. She declares her own viewpoints not only by appreciating the marriage founded on the basis of mutual understanding and true love, but also by satirizing the marriage founded on the basis of vanity and desire. She points out that the essential of the capitalist marriage is the combination of love, money, power and so on, it may also has a tight relationship with some social factors. The marriage of Elizabeth and Darcy is Austen’s ideal marriage.The world today is vastly different from the one Jane Austen lived in. Social norms have also developed and changed. Some of the ideas then are no longer suitable in our society and may be ridiculous to some extent. Today, social rank is no longer a serious factor, marriage is not the only chance for women to improve their life or change their fate. It is common for a woman to hold a job and have an income, female have more freedom to choose their marriage partners than before, but we still can get some useful suggestions from Austen. Her Pride and Prejudice is not just a cheerful tale for amusement and the ideas Austen present in the novel also have great realistic meaning. (Chu Jinjing: 2010; 9) Austen emphasizes that marriage without true love will never be happy and timeless. So when we are young, we should try our best to set up right views on love and marriage in order to orient our outlooks on life and values. Definitely speaking, there is a mutual promotion between our actions and the outlooks on life and values. In any case, marriage plays so great important role during all the life that everyone has to pay more attention and emotion for love and marriage. It relates a lot to our lifetime happiness. True love and perfect marriage deserves our eternal pursuit, for it is such a nice experience to share our feelings on love.Bibliography[1]Jiang Chengli. Analyzing Women’s View of Marriage by Pride and Prejudice—The Collision between Love and Money[J]. Read and Write Periodical. 2010(5)[2]Guo Qiaomian. Zhang Xiao. The Marriage Value in Pride and Prejudice[J]. Management Expert. 2009(11)[3]Yin Lu. Jane Austen’s standard of values about marriage-Pride and Prejudice[J], Literature Review. 2009(2)[4]Chu Jinjing. A Brief Study of Jane Austin's Point of View on Marriage[J]. Overseas English. 2010(9)[5]Hung Min. Character refl ects 0ne’s marriage 0r attitude towards love——four different marriages in Austen’s“pride and prejudice"[J]. Journal of Jing Gangshan Medical College. 2005(7)[6] Jane Austen. Pride and Prejudice [M]. 北京: 中央编译出版社. 2004(4)[7]安姿瑜. 从傲慢与偏见看纷繁爱情观[J]. 文艺生活. 2011（7）[8]简·奥斯汀著.陶娜注释.傲慢与偏见Pride and Prejudice英文原版·注释本北京:中央编译出版社.2004（4）[9]赵芯羽.论《傲慢与偏见》中反应的爱情婚姻观[J].学园.2010（6）[10]李慧.浅析简·奥斯丁的婚姻观[期刊论文]-南阳师范学院学报 2003(10)[11]周迎春.简·奥斯丁在《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观.上海外语教育出版社.2011（10）[12]闫俊岭.浅析《傲慢与偏见》中四种不同的婚姻类型[N].赤峰学院学报.2008（6）。
英语论文--浅谈《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观
2016年12月6日ContentsAbstract (3)1.Introduction…………………………………………………… (3)2.HistoricalBackground (4)3.Views ofMarriages (4)3.1 The marriage of Jane and Bingley (4)3.2 The marriage of Lydia and Wickham (6)3.3The marriage of Charlotte and Collins (7)3.4 The marriage of Elizabeth and Darcy (7)4. Views of the Author (8)5. Conclusion (9)6. Works sited (9)A Brief Talk about Views of Marriagein Pride and PrejudiceAbstract: Nowadays marriage means two loved individuals set up a relationship and forms a social combination of domestic relation between people. In this way, the couple can get together properly and legally. For the purpose of love without any other substances, people marry happily. However, I can realize different views of marriage among the young people in the book of Pride and Prejudice and by the way of reading it, I have deeper thought about marriage.key words: marriage social status wealth family background1.IntroductionPride and Prejudice, taking the daily life for the material, reflects the real English countryside life and ways of the world in the condition of conservation and obstruction. By using the technique of writing of satire and humor, the work tells different kinds of personalities and life attitudes. The writer shows different views of marriage in the book. For them, marriage is sometimes equal to a business in which people can get what they are eager for except love. It seems that marriage cannot bring true love but materials. This book arouses my curiosity and lets us wonder which form of marriage can make happiness and suit ourselves.Both in the west and in China, Pride and Prejudice has got great attention from the critics and many critics have commented it from sociohistorical aspect. Although some scholars analyzed Austen’s viewson marriage, the marriage should aim to make a deep analysis in order that we can completely understand the original views on marriage and add something new into the literary criticism of the great work of Jane Austen.The young people have distinct attitudes towards marriage and choose their loved ones differently. People marry for different purposes, some for wealth, some for appearance, some for desire and some only for love. Exactly their attitudes towards a man to marry reflect their view of life. Through what kind of marriage they choose, we can judge the personalities on the people.There are four couples getting married leaving me a great expression in this book but neither of them have same opinion for marriage. From their choice, we can easily see marriage means what for them. Love without romantics loses its own beautiful color as well.2.Historical BackgroundThe story happened at the end of 18th century and the start of 19thcentury and was called First Impression at beginning. At that time, the Industrial Revolution of the 18th century made women’s liberation possible, which provided a good condition for Jane Austen to create the book. There is no possibility for female to fight for their freedom and equality before and this was a rare chance for them to voice in the public.Besides, Economic Independence heightening made people start to care about humanity rather than the problem of food and clothing. More and more women have the right to accept education and realized that there is many unequal phenomenon in the society. The educated female began to turn to the liberation of women.Traditional beliefs of social and family roles of men and women began to change. As more female were educated and able to work outside, the roles of husband and wife may change. Female gradually became independent and could earn money as male, which made them proud and at same time, they wonder why female should accept unequal treatment now that they were as excellent as male.The pioneering women novelists such as Jane Austen broke out to a private world and entered into a public world. Female began to appear in the public and work on social contact just like male do. This made female more independent and realized that there is no need for female to attach to their husband. They can make a good living without the help of rich men and do the work by themselves.Therefore, more and more female came out to voice for their rights of freedom, equality and liberation. The appearance of Pride and Prejudice is exactly suitable for the society then and got a real hit when it was published. It really attracted people’s eyes and arouse them to rethink about humanity.3.1The marriage of Jane and BingleyJane，the eldest daughter of Mr.Bennet, is beautiful, good-natured and elegant, which seems to be a great attraction for Bingley. Meanwhile, Bingley is in possession of a great fortune as well as handsome appearance and modest attitude. The combination of the two youngpeople seems to be braw. However, their love is pure as we think? The answer is not of course. Although they fall in love with each other and get together, their marriage is set up on the appearance. There is no doubt that Jane is charming by her posture and behaviors, which draws the eyes of Mr.Darcy. After all, Jane lives in a family of developing a lady and her mother requires her to behave properly. His nice temperament sends forth from her body. Darcy, as a gentleman, has grown up in a wealthy family and become a young spark.Both of them possess so many common virtues: They are good-tempered and modest. Besides, their love both depends on appearance in some way. As long as they get older and the appearance changes a lot, the love can be everlasting? Everyone has a get-older day and when the day comes, the couple might be tired to each other and marriage may fall apart. They both have some weakness: Jane lacks strength and self-confidence and Bingley does not have his strong and determined disposition at all. It seems that the two youngers are similar toeach other themselves. But it is lucky that Jane and Bingley can always receive considerate and beneficial advice from Elizabeth and Darcy. Thanks to Elizabeth’s kindness, Jane can pull through difficulties when Bingley left. Fortunately Bingley eventually came back and met with Jane, they two were together again.Nowadays our society has a phenomenon that young people are likely to choose those who look nice for their partners, which can be called “see the face of social”. There is no doubt that good look can feast others’ eyes. However, the true heart makes relationship stronger and deeper no matter how time flies. Just like a saying goes“A long journey proves the stamina of a horse and the passage of time tells the true from the false”! One’s heart can not be changed easily while their appearance changes in a short time as long as time goes.Therefore, you are supposed to judge whether your personality is suitable to the other if you need to have a partner in your life. Don’t care about their appearance because the heart will not change. Interestingsouls meet with each other when their love comes and beautiful looks end up when time flies. Like an old Chinese saying goes “appearance is easy to old while heart is hard to change”.The combination of Jane and Bingley is just like an enjoyable appreciation on their faces and falling love at first sight. We can’t say that this marriage is not timeless but this “love” based on appearance is terrifying. The result between Jane and Bingley remains a mystery to the reader and makes us wonder. Whether this marriage is suitable for young people at present in this society? Whether their marriage results from impulsion and sightless worship? Whether they would accompany a lifetime?Can the love based on appearance be long? This is a question deserved to be considered in current society.3.2The marriage of Lydia and WickhamLydia is a rude girl with full of impulsion and passion. To be honest, she is frivolous to things and eager for social contact when sheis a little girl of young age. She is likely to have contact with military officers in Meriton and proud of it. It is said that she is easily to be together with anyone if she is tantalized.Therefore her love to Wickham is just like a business of flesh and sexual passion. Her love comes with hotness like a windstorm. When she firstly meets with Wickham, she is attracted by his handsome appearance. However, Wickham is a man without good morality and he is so lexual and mean. This kind of man can be said “Satyr prodigal” and “speciosity”. Wickham has wanted to get together with Miss.Darcy and finally he failed. Therefore he turns to Lydia, the babyish and foolish girl. Their elopement is really a shame for the family of Mr.Bennet. Luckily they get the help of Mr.Darcy and can live by their own due to his kindness of a great fortune.The combination of Lydia and Wickham is just a marriage with lust and out of exploration to heterosexual feeling. Their elopement can be regarded as an immature behavior and it is amusing for all ofus in their marriage. Their marriage is set up without any based on love, which can be said unpractical.The same point between the couple is that both of them like to squander without any control. Never considering the life of future, the postnuptial marriage is bound to be tough. Wickham gets what he wants—wealth under the help of Darcy and Lydia gets what she wants as well—satisfaction of erotic feeling from Wickham. The marriage is “best” for both of them.There are many other couples like them. The couples are just like kids themselves and they are not able to bring up a baby by themselves. It is a behavior without any responsibility and obligation. You can see many people get married at a young age and soon they divorce unfortunately, which makes the old generation feel curious and shocked. I wonder why it happens commonly. As a matter of fact, the young people are so young that they can not afford to set up a sense of responsibility to others, such as their parents, loved ones,workmates and strangers. Grown up in a white-headed family, theyoung generation tends to be self-centered and selfish, which is no benefit for them to live in a society of helping each other when they are adults.When you are likely to marry to someone, please consider what duties you shall have to do and what can you give to the other and don not ask for getting all the time. This is important in a marriage tobalance. (Li Dapeng, 2015: 2)3.3The marriage of Charlotte and CollinsCharlotte is a mundane woman without wealth or charming appearance. However she is full of “wisdom” and she thinks the marriage is happy or not depends on an opportunity you seize. Out of realistic consideration, she regards the marriage as a deal. When she meets with Collins at first, she does not like him at all. Charlotte praises that Collins is handsome and wise while she knows he is foolish in her eyes. Collins will come into a fortune of Mr.Bennet and he is a wealthy man soon,which makes Charlotte want to marry him.As a matter of fact, family background and social class are matched for marriage nowadays. Someone is forced to marry to a rich man but she does not love him at all. Some couples are broken up due to one’s being as poor as a church mouse. Can this kind of marriage make couples happy? I’m afraid not.For some poor girls, they are used to making a short and uptight living and eager to escape from present situation. Therefore, happiness means having a great deal of money and they would like to marry a rich man rather than a loved one instead. In the words of people now, “bread” and “love” are difficult to choose. In this society with full of materials and people are more likely to pay attention to exterior conditions. They are not certain whether they would get happiness or comfortability in the marriage but this is the only chance for them to get away from poverty, which arouses others’ sympathy and resonance.We can not easily say the girls’ choices are true or false, we can notaccuse them of being greedy and vain. Because there is no qualification for us to judge others’ behaviors and life if we have not experienced what they had experienced.Charlotte can get a sense of safety by getting the source of the economic and this sense is from Collins. Therefore, no matter how foolish and smarmy he is, she still thinks marriage is home to return. At the same time, Collins can get a warm family from her. The combination between the two is a best way for them.3.4The marriage of Elizabeth and DarcyElizabeth and Mr.Darcy seemed to have some contradiction. Darcy was a young man with pride due to his glorious family background. With different growing environment, Elizabeth had prejudice to Darcy and said words with cold if necessary. However, exactly her extraordinariness, Darcy treated her with different eyes and gradually loved this girl. A Netherfield ball began. Elizabeth and Darcy talked about Wickham and she blamed that Wickham lost friendship of him. The two becameembarrassed.Later, Bingley left the town and Jane was inconsolable. Elizabeth thought that was all Darcy’s false because of his instigation. At the same time, Darcy unburdened himself to Elizabeth and was refused by her.Luckily with the perseverance of Darcy and misunderstanding being untied, Elizabeth was moved by his courage and kindness to others. Therefore she loved the man deeply just like the man liked her.The love between Elizabeth and Darcy is so romantic and moving for all of readers, which is exactly our desire for love and marriage. The marriage of them seems to be unpractical but in fact is suitable for their personality. Elizabeth has a deep realization of marriage and love and therefore she refuses the proposal of Collins because she knows there is no affection base between her and Collins. Her view of marriage is based on love, only love.There is no need to treat marriage as a business in our lives and the view of Elizabeth is right for love choosing. All the things Elizabeth getsis deserved due to her pureness. Although she is not trapped in her mother’s desire of marrying a rich man, eventually she marries to a rich man who loves her deeply as well, which moved me a lot.Luckily Elizabeth finds a true love and gets a soulmate forever and in her marriage there is pure love!4.Views of the AuthorJane Austen is a progressive female writer and her original views on marriage expressed in her masterpiece Pride and Prejudice obviously have progressiveness. She saw that women had to obey men and depended on them to gain comfortable living conditions, which made her think it is unequal at all. In this sense, marriage was merelya decent way of survival for women. Women had few expectations ofemotional feelings in their marriages.However she had a strong belief that marriage determined by economic and social status can not bring real happiness for women and only love can awake women’s life and happiness. In her work, sheinspired female to pursue their love and keep energetic to marriage and do not give in to unequal family background just like Elizabeth who definitely got her love without any doubt and Elizabeth achieved her dream of marrying a man she really loved, which was exactly Jane Austen’s dream as well.5.ConclusionThere is a realistic problem in the novel what is different family background. No matter how time goes, people are more likely to match marriage with identification, social class, wealth or other corporeal things. In their eyes, they regard marriage as a business and are used to matching the marriage to other materials.As a matter of fact, marriage should be the loved ones get together forever in spite of other factors. No matter how rich, handsome, charming the other is, you shall stick to your own loved one in your heart and never give in to other people or society. In the novel, Elizabeth is so extraordinary due to her ignorance of Darcy’s wealth. She was nottruckling like other girls who wanted to marry Darcy in order to get a great of possession. Exactly her pureness, love seemed to be gracious in her eyes, which attracted Darcy a lot.The true love is like this! No matter how poor you are, I’m with you just because I love you. However you shall pocket your pride and prejudice and treat me honestly. Just like a Chinese saying “Hold hands to me and grow old with you”. We are supposed to have the sweetest and best wishes to love. We shall meet with a great number of obstacles in the pursuit of love but keeping an positive and persistent attitude. Stick to love and have a strong belief that true love will approach to you in the near future.6. Works sited:[1] Graff, Gerald. Professing Literature: An InstitutionalHistory[M]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.[2] Jane·Austin. Pride and Prejudice[M]. China: ShanghaiForeign Language Education Press,2013[3] Li dapeng. Truly happy marriage— An analyzation of Elizabeth and Darcy in the book of <Pride and Prejudice>[M]. China: Harbin Department of Foreign Languages Press, 2015[4] Wang Qiuyue. a brief talk about the love stories in <Pride and Prejudice>[M]. China: Changzhou Information Vocational Technical Institute,2015。
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Views about Marriage in Pride and PrejudiceOutlineThesis:Marriage does not mean the act of uncontrolled passion but a complex engagement between the marrying couple and society.I. IntroductionII. The analysis of Elizabeth’s characterIII. Elizabeth’s views about marriageA. The most realistic marriage—Charlotte’s marriageB. The most ridiculous marriage—Lydia’s marriageC. The most happy marriage—Jane’s marriageD. The most admirable marriage—Elizabeth’s marriag eIV. ConclusionAbstractPride and Prejudice is a very popular novel by Jane Austen and it was read widely all over the world. This novel is written in 1813. We main agronomic characters of the marriage as a typical cases in books, how to influence their marriage value orientation of money. Some people may realize that marriage can provide opportunities of class mobility and financial support; money and class are thus closely connected in their decision of marital partners.If marriage is a castle, but the hero and heroine is like Darcy and Elizabeth such person, so, even a not pleasing to begin their mutual see each other bias, and ultimately willing to be trapped in such a city. The power of love is great, it can let a hate in human love change, can let you cast prejudice, and re-know and accept a person.Key words: Pride and Prejudice money value orientation marriage view内容提要《傲慢与偏见》是简奥斯丁一本在全世界都被广泛传颂的小说，写于1813年，我们可以通过这本小说将婚姻分为几种典型并且分析这几种婚姻观的价值取向。
有些人认为婚姻是用来创造机会去提高自己的社会地位和获得金钱支撑，金钱与社会地位是他们选择伴侣时考虑的最密切联系的东西。
婚姻是一座城，男女主角达西和伊丽莎白那样的人却愿意完全摒除偏见与傲慢心甘情愿地进入这座城，所以爱情的力量是伟大的，可以让人丢掉傲慢与偏见去重新认识并且接受一个人。
本文主要透过分析女主人共伊丽莎白对于几段婚姻的看法来分析这本书的婚姻观。
通过对伊丽莎白的性格分析来帮助我们解读者个性格独立而又睿智的女主角从而可以更加透彻的了解作者的作品。
关键词：傲慢与偏见钱价值取向婚姻观点I. IntroductionAfter reading this book，I searched the Internet and found something about the author Jane Austen. Her novels were witty, warm and ironic portraits of the privileged classes of 18th- and 19th-century England. Her best-known works are Emma (1815), Pride and Prejudice (1813) and Sense and Sensibility (1811).The main object of Jane's satire in the novel is the mercenary and the ignorance of the people, a common criticism of the 18th century.The first sentence in this novel is impressive.It reads: "It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife."[Sun 83] The undertone is very clear: the foundation of the marriage at that time is not love but possession.The main story of the novel happens between Elizabeth Bennet and Darcy. Although, it seems that, they haven’t attracted anyone’s eyes. I mean that nobody has thought that love will exist between they two. Because almost everyone has heart of the complaint from their mouths about the other. So it is not surprise to see the father become so amazed when Lizzy says that she loves Darcy. But what’s the reason? What stopped them from getting together at first? It’s pride and prejudice. We all know that at the first ball, when Lizzy asked Mr Darcy to have a dance. He refused. He didn’t think that anyone at the village can deserve him. After this, Lizzy promised not to pay attention to him any more because of his pride.There are other two things that make the impression of the hero worse.One is that she thinks it’s he that had separated her sister and her lover. The second is that she heard of something bad ,fabricated by Wickham who has antinomies with Darcy. These make the feeling of prejudice stronger and stronger.At last, when everything comes to light Lizzy regretted. She found that she had misunderstood him. And Darcy had although changed.He made an offer of marriage to her again and was accepted. No pride and no prejudice are between them.The novel also reflected the author oneself's marriage view: It is wrong to marry for the property, money and position. She emphasizes the importance of the ideal marriage, and regard men and women's emotion as the foundation stone which concludes the ideal marriage .In modern society, a lot of parents try to interfere their children's marriages. Education background, jobs and possessions may influence one’s marriage. Marry for money is still a bog problem.I want to say"can money determine everything？I believe that true love is the most important thing".Just because Pride and Prejudice, I have a profound thinking about marriage. The writer uses intelligent words to depict a few different marriages in the book, each of which reflects people's attitudes toward marriage in that time. We can comprehend the essence of Jane,and Bingley’s marriage, Elizabeth and Darcy’s marriage , Lydia and Wickham’s marriage and Charlotte and Collins’s marriage through Elizabeth’s views. Throug h the wise heroine, we see marriage description. To marry for wealth and beauty is wrong. This kind of marriage cannot retain long-term happiness, and truly happy marriage is based on love and sense.Elizabeth Bennet was a 20-year-old girl, and the protagonist of the story. She is her father's favourite and inherits his intelligence and wit. She is generally regarded as one of the most enduring and popular female protagonists in English literature.II. The analysis of Elizabeth’s characterElizabeth Bennet is a person worthy of our imitation. She is a model because she is different from all the other characters, except Darcy, and because she does not adhere rigidly to the standards set forth by society, she is self-reliant and independent. Elizabeth rejects Mr. Collin's proposal because she does not think that marriage was boring, nor does she believe in marriage of convenience. When Mr. Collins says arrogantly to Elizabeth, she politely refused him. Unlike Charlotte Lucas, Elizabeth would never violate her principle and her integrity and throw away her talents by marrying Mr. Collins, a conceited, narrow-minded, and pompous fool. Elizabeth looks nature because she puts her trust in her own perceptions and impressions. On the other hand, she is not ready to rebel against society. She does not totally disregard social proprietary. She has good manners; her slight breach of decorum walking alone to Nether field Park is justified by her genuine concern for her sister who is ill. She has good manners. When Lady Catherine criticizes Elizabeth skill of playing piano, she can have good manners to keep polite.Elizabeth demonstrates that she has great restraint even under tremendous pressure. Elizabeth realizes that she must take responsibility for her own education because she can not look to either of her parents for advice, and she must ultimately depend on her own experiences,instincts, and judgments. Her self-reliant attitude causes her to think of herself as to be independent, but her views are distorted because she also regards herself as above normal social relationship. Elizabeth is unconscious that she suffers from pride. She does not realize the inherent dangers of her error.According to Darcy, Elizabeth's defects are her willful tendency to misunderstand others. She embraces stubbornly her own quick perceptions about the people around her as true and accurate. The flaws in her character are revealed by her prejudices. Elizabeth's initial prejudices against Darcy are rooted in the pride of her own quick perception, and her distorted perception of reality. Elizabeth believes that Darcy is bad, so she naturally gives Wickham the benefit of the doubt when he told her about Darcy's breach of agreement without hearing Darcy's side of the story. Elizabeth is disposed to think badly of Darcy because of his ungentlemanly behaviour, but she thinks well of Mr. Wickham because his charm, his smoother facade, and his sharper wit endears him to everyone. Her prejudice renders her incapable of judging the merits of Darcy.On the surface, Elizabeth is just ordinary. She is attractive but not beautiful; she is endowed with certain graces and talents, but not unusually gifted, she is appealing without being exquisite. In the end, she wins everything: the prince, the castle, the happiness, and the esteem. Elizabeth will find happiness because she learns to recognize her faults, but characters like Lady Catherine and Ms. Bingley will never find happiness because they do not learn from experience. Elizabeth becomes more of a lady than Lady Catherine. Lady Catherine's defeat was brought about by her arrogance. Her display of egotism not only fail to dissuade Elizabeth from marrying Darcy, but led Darcy to propose the second time; Lady Catherine's disdainful act makes Darcy realize that Elizabeth still has some feelings for him. On the other hand, Ms. Bingley possesses self-defeating cunning, Jane will also never find enduring happiness.Elizabeth's blindness of her faults was opened by Darcy's letter. She learns to judge others more accurately and not be blinded by first impressions. Elizabeth realizes thatwhenever she discusses Darcy's faults, she unconsciously touches upon her own. Elizabeth's confession that she was guilty of prejudices based on her own judgment tells us that she is superior to the other characters, such as Lady Catherine, Ms. Bingley, Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lydia, and Wickham, but above all that she is human. She also realizes that peoplecannot be judged based solely by their appearance, and that character evaluations must alsotake into account the substance behind a person's appearance. Elizabeth becomes a rational creature speaking the truth from her heart. Without neither family wealth nor wisdom to aidher, Elizabeth's success is a attribute to her inner strength. Darcy in the beginning is snobbishand proud.III. Elizabeth’s views about her sisters’ and friend’s marriageA.The most realistic marriage —Charlotte’s marriageCharlotte's Elizabeth's best friend, but they have different choices on marriage."Although Charlotte is a well-educated girl but she doesn't have much property.She isn't as beautiful as other girls. She realize that marriage isn't equal with happiness, but it is inherently like a safe to a woman"(Sun 83). To get financial guarantees of security, opportunity really rare, we must cache it quickly,it is almost irrelevant about what kind of person the man was"(Zhu 78). And Charlotte is different from Elizabeth.She has no wealth.She is unremarkable, but she is smart. She thinks it is a chance about whether marriage life will be happiness or not. As an already 27 years old woman, her choice of marriage is entirely out of realistic consideration. When she first met Collins, she saw his folly, and when he asked her to marry him, she also clearly know "Collins's certainly not a reasonable person, and do not let people like". But she still accepts the proposal, for "marriage has been her goal, as to find that kind of guy, married life is less concerned about how well educated, education but property for the young woman, it not marry is the only a decent way to happiness, and although can doubt and married also must be their most agreeable can from poverty refuge". For money and marriage, Charlotte by marriage just wants to get a rich husband, thus she can have the economic security. Marriage for them is a task, but Collins couples obtain from the marriage what they want: Charlotte gets stable of rich life; Collins also gets a warm home. This is their understanding of marriage.B. The most ridiculous marriage —Lydia’s marriageBennett's daughter Lydia is a simple, frivolous and vanity girl, the young age and keen onsocial, like and merry's officer exchanges, and proud of it. If anyone a urged, she will devote anyone's arms. Her feelings always kept fluctuating, wavering. Wickham is a handsome appearance, actual moral corruption, very luxury, and treachery. First he deceived rich Darcy miss, he failed. Centuries later, he joined the first to Elizabeth, then and all the gold to rich miss launch to pursue, finally unexpectedly and Lydia elopement.Lydia and Wickham is absurd combination of extremely. Their relationship is completely built on lust and appearance, no love foundation, say, is neither practical nor romantic. The marriage between them is conditional, and it is in Darcy's help, the two talents grudgingly married. But "two extravagant, consider eyes comfortable and happy, CARES in the future, they often depend to Jane or Elizabeth write for help, hoping their put to pay bills. Wickham to Lydia love soon turned into a cold. Lydia and Wickham is also from marriage got what they want: Lydia got erotic satisfied; Wickham also get what he wanted wealth, this is their understanding of marriage.C. The most happy marriage —Jane’s marria geAmong all the marriages in this novel, the combination of pleasant Bingley and mild Jane is the most blessed and happy one. The couple has similar interests and they insisted on pursuing their true love, which leads them to a happy and perfect marriage.Mr. Bingley was a good looking and he is the person who has giant fortune about 5,000 pounds a year. As a young man who had good breeding, he was cordial and simple with disposition. With this character, he never appeared dissatisfied. He was easy to approach and constant in love although he was very rich. However, he is lacked of strength and independence in his marriage, which was a grievous defect of him. In the novel, Bingley was popular with almost everybody in everywhere. He had a pleasant countenance and easy unaffected manners. It is easy to find that he was agreeable both in appearance and character. But the exact time when the readers began to know him was some days later. At the first ball at Nether field, he was shown to everybody and the readers began to make acquaintance of his personality through his behaviour.Mr. Bingley also noticed Jane at that night. He fell in love with Jane at their first ball and their romance flourished quietly and steadily. His affection toward Jane was obviously sincereand unaffected. It was obvious that when Jane suffered a trifling cold, he was worried about her. It is not difficult for the readers to find Bingley’s real concern and affection toward Jane from these details. He was cordial and constant in his love.Generally speaking, his marriage with Jane was successful by the help of Darcy. They were good friends although they were different in character. There was a very steady and constant friendship between them. Bingley was endeared to Darcy by the easiness, openness and ductility of his temper. It is no doubt for Darcy that Bingley had the firmest reliance. Jane was the first children in her family. She was a kind and mild girl who was the most beautiful one among her sisters. As an introverted girl, she is constant in her love but lacks strength and self-confidence. She didn’t want others to know her love to Mr. Bingley, so she pretended that she had nothing to do with him. Compared with other girls, she was the mildest, kind, modest and almost perfect girl in this novel. Sometimes she was a little innocent. In her eyes, everybody is perfect. She never saw the ugly fact of life even she was deceived. Her character is vividly showed in many parts of the novel.According to the above, Darcy thought that though Jane was pleased with Bingley, she didn’t love him. In his eyes, Bingley was involved in an unavailable love. So after then, he made great efforts to separate Bingley from Jane.After Bingley’s departure, Jane suffered great distress. She was very depr essed. But because of the defect of her character, she pretended to be all right and said nothing about her sadness. Here, readers can find that her weakness and obedience had been thoroughly exposed.According to the relationship between Bingley and Jane, love and similar interests are the basic factors of a successful and happy marriage. With many similarities in character, people can understand each other easily. Most important of all, the couple with similar interests can live together with a happy life, because there are understanding, helps and supporting between them. They don’t care the defects of their partners and even they don’t see any faults in each other. Just as the old saying going, “Birds of a feather flock together, people of a mind fill i nto the same group.”Jane and Bingley marriage is considered the happiest marriage. Bennett's big daughter Jane gentle lovely, beautiful generous, the people always went to good side to think. Her theseattractive temperament completely attracts the young handsome and natural and unrestrained rich Bingley. Two attraction and mutual love, although be the best things are difficult, finally, they also abandoned status many obstacles together. This is a pile is the envy of a good marriage. However, I think this beautiful is behind the crisis of certain lurk. Jane and Bingley match each other faces, male prodigy, anyone opinion, they are the most suitable for together. Their marriage, love, in my opinion, is not the main base, the main is a kind of attraction. For Jane's beauty and Bingley, Jane attracted to kind of handsome and Bingley attracted gentleman poise, their love more performance for a mutual admiration of love. Marriage is a complicated contract, both parties must have enough love to maintain the basis of this contract. But Jane and the love between the Bingley too insipid, too. That's not enough deep-rooted, let I don't feel safe, seem to lurk trace dangerous breath.D. The most admirable marriage —Elizabeth’s marriageMr. Qian Zhongshu talked about marriage and compared marriage to a castle. But I think this marriage theory is not suitable for Darcy and Elizabeth. The marriage is tortuous between them but again ups deep-rooted of love based. Elizabeth and Darcy begins to each other and left a bad impression. Elizabeth thinks Darcy insolent and Darcy also because Elizabeth place social class and she is not very decent relatives who ignored her advantages and virtue. Later, Darcy finally realized that Elizabeth's preciousness, launch to pursue after the rejection, in overcoming difficulties still not gas, finally eliminated through its own actions of their own prejudices and Elizabeth, thus two misunderstanding came together."Economic and social structures with such great power sways interpersonal the relationships between people and this made her became the cartoonist monster"(D.W.Hardin 166-179). With first marriage proposal as a border, in thinking changed not only is Elizabeth, and Darcy. Elizabeth because Darcy letter, to realize their prejudice; Darcy because Elizabeth words, to realize their arrogance. If Elizabeth for Darcy's first marriage proposal didn't refuse words may Darcy for her infatuation will not lasting. If no refusal dialogue, Darcy or that although multimillionaire, although a handsome, but too arrogant on high. For such people, Elizabeth even for impulsive and agreed to marry him, in the near future, Elizabeth still will be sorry. And if not rejected that after letter, Elizabeth is still that although bright, beautiful,frank, but too subjective and prejudice, for such people, Darcy will soon tired. Because have these twists and turns, the love between them is more precious, more deeply.IV. Conclusion"There is no doubt that Elizabeth and Darcy's love is the shining pearl in the history of literary, and their love is the ideal mode which has been esteem by Austen"(Zheng 79). The author’s view about marriage: it is wrong to get married for property, money and position. Getting married without considering that above-mentioned factors are unwise ether. So that she objects to get married for money, objects to regarding the marriage as a trifling matter. She emphasizes the importance of the ideal marriage, and regard men and women's emotion as the foundation stone which concludes the ideal marriageLove is impulsive and is of no reason no passionate, and full of madness. Love itself is crazy. However, how many people can love with madness? The reality is cruel, marriage doesn't equal to love, and this ideal are away from us far away. Darcy and Elizabeth’s marriage is the happiest, with deep-rooted of love, and a necessary condition that Darcy strongly wealth. Money is not secular in their marriage wasn't secular; the wealth is just like sunshine and nutritions their marriage is of much envy for any person. If marriage is such a castle, so I'd like to be trapped in such a city, Are being loved besieged not a kind of happiness?As far as I concerned, Pride and Prejudice reflects the British sentiment of the end of 18th century and the early of 19th century under the circumstance of conservative，and tells us different ways and attitudes to the marriage between Mr. and Mrs. Bennet’s five daughters’. This reveals the author’s attitude toward marriage .And that is love and marriage based on money, property and social status is not perfect, and it is very stupid. "And we must emphasize the importance of ideal marriage, meanwhile, oppose to love and marriage based on money or property"(Hu 17). We must take the affection or love as the cornerstone of ideal marriage between male and female. Elizabeth was born in the family of squireen's, and loved by Darcy. Darcy proposes marriage to her in spite of their difference of the possession of property and social status, but is still refused by Elizabeth because of his pride. So if Darcy's pride still exists, there will be no love and even happy marriage between Elizabeth and him.And I think pride and prejudice aren't very good. If someone is always full of pride, he willlook down upon others and think he is very great and smart. Because of Darcy's pride, Elizabeth hold prejudice against him. If someone is a prejudiced person, every time he meets somebody or something, what he thinks of others all depends on his foregone experience andhis mood of the time. What’s worse, he doesn’t think what he does is wrong. He thinks everyone is the same as him and everyone has his special way to know the world, but it is absolutely wrong. Though everyone can be judged in the way he likes, he can’t ignore others.He can like what he likes and hate what he hates, but he should be objective when he treats others. So I think we should consider things rationally and thoughtfully and not just do as welike. That is to say, we shouldn't have any pride and prejudice, or we couldn't treat things andothers impartially and it couldn't lead a happy life.Works Cited[1]孙致礼,译,简·奥斯丁.《傲慢与偏见》南京:译林出版社,2000年：83Sun Zhili,Pride and Prejudice,2000:83[2]朱虹,《奥斯丁研究》.北京:中国文联出版公司,1985年：178Zhu Hong,The Research of Austen,1985:178[3]郑晓园.文化深层的激荡.阅读与欣赏,1998年：79Zheng Xiaoyuan The Deeping Evoking of Culture，1988:79[4]D.W.Harding.‘Regulated Hatred:An Aspect of the Work of Jane Austen’Watt.Jane Au sten:A Collection of Critical Essays（2005）：166-179[5]胡宗锋：《英美文学精要问答及作品赏析》．西安出版社，2002．17[Hu Zongfeng ：British and American literature works q&a and appreciation Journal ofXi’an2002：17]11。