高中英语高考二轮复习句法大全精讲精练学案全国通用

2010届高考二轮复习英语句法大全精讲精练学案
句子的种类概说
1.按使用目的，句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

1）陈述句（Declarative Sentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。

例如： Light travels faster than sound. 光比声传播速度快。

（说明事实）
The film is rather boring. 这部电影很乏味。

（说明看法）
2）疑问句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出问题。

有以下四种：
a. 一般疑问句（General Questions）：
Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗？
b. 特殊疑问句（Wh-Questions）：
Where do you live? 你住那儿？
c. 选择疑问句（Alternative Questions）：
Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡？
d. 反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）：
He doesn＇t know her, does he? 他不认识她，对不对？
3）祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出请求，建议或发出命令。

例如： Don＇t be nervous! 别紧张！
4）感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences）：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪。

例如： What good news it is! 多好的消息啊！
2.句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：
1）简单句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句。

例如：
She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜欢集邮。

2）并列句（Compound Sentences）：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。

例如：
The food was good, but he had little appetite. 食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。

3）复合句（Complex Sentences）：包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导。

例如：
The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。

3.基本句型：英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的：
1）主 + 动（SV）例如：I work. 我工作。

2）主 + 动 + 表（SVP）例如：John is busy. 约翰忙。

3）主 + 动 + 宾（SVO）例如：She studies English. 她学英语。

4）主 + 动 + 宾 + 补（SVOC）例如：Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。

5）主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾（SVOiOd）例如：My mother made me a new dress. 我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。

简单句和并列句
一.概念
(一)简单句
由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)所构成的句子叫简单句，其结构是主语+ 谓语。

二)并列句
由并列连词把两个或两个以上的互相关连而又互相独立的独句(即简单句)连在一起而构成的句子叫并列句。

其结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句
常用的连词有and,but,or not only...but also,neither...nor,either...or
二.相关知识点精讲
(一)简单句
1.主语、谓语在人称与数上的一致性。

and连接两个并列主语时为复数，谓语动词也相应地使用复数形式，但：
(1)如果and连接的两个名词是不可数名词且前面都没有冠词，若两个词表示一个事物或一个概念，谓语动词要用单数；如果两个词表示的是两个事物或两个概念，谓语动词则要用复数。

(2)如果and连接的是两个可数单数名词，前一个有冠词，后一个没有冠词，意味着一个人或事物，谓语动词要用单数。

(3)当and连接的两个名词前都有each，every，many a，no等单数概念的限定词修饰时(第二个名词前的修饰词有时可以省略)，谓语动词要用单数。

2.陈述句与疑问句的转换。

3.选择疑问句。

4.反意疑问句。

(1)陈述句+省略问句
(2)祈使句+附加疑问句
(3) 反意疑问句的回答
(二)并列句
并列句分为:联合并列句,转折并列句,选择并列句和因果并列句
1. 联合并列句常由并列词and, not only…but also…..等连接
如: Use your hand, and you’ll find a way.
2. 转折并列句常由并列连词but, while, yet, whereas, nevertheless等连接
如:I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
3. 选择疑问句常由并列连词or, otherwise, either…or…,等连接
如:Either you leave this house or I’ll call the police
4. 因果并列句由并列连词so, for, therefore 等连接.
如: it was late, so we went home.
5. 在”祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构中,当前后两部分间为承接关系时,用and;前后意思为相反关系时,用or.可将前面的祈使句转换成由if引导的条件状语从句,但必须将and 或or 去掉.
如: Hurry up, and we’ll be there in time.= If we hurry up, we’ll be there in time.
6. because和so; although, though和but 不能连用
三.巩固练习
1. I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer,＿＿＿?
A. do I
B. don’t I
C. will they
D. won’t they
2. ＿＿＿help if you can,and our country will improve
more quickly and better.
A. Giving
B. Give
C. Given
D. To give
3. —— Lucy,you wash the dishes,＿＿＿ ?
——Mom,can’t Lily do it? It’s her turn to do it.
A. don’t you
B. can you
C. shall you
D. will you
4. —— I will not take an umbrella with me today.
—＿＿＿＿＿it rains later on in the day?
A. How
B. What
C. How about
D. What if
5. —— You ought to stay up late tonight,＿＿＿＿ you?
——Yes. I’ve got too much homework.
A. can’t
B. shouldn’t
C. mustn’t
D. won’t
6. Nothing can stop us from serving the people heart and soul,＿＿＿＿?
A. can it
B. can’t it
C. can they
D. can’t they
7. There used to be a church in the small town,＿＿＿＿＿?
A. used there
B. usedn’t there
C. used it
D. usedn’t it
8. ——She isn’t your neighbour, is she?
——＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
A. Yes,she isn’t
B. No,she is
C. Yes,she is
D. No,isn’t she
9. ——＿＿＿＿＿＿ to be a PLA soldier when I was young.
—— And now you are.
A. How I wanted
B. How did I want
C. What I wanted
D. What did I want
10. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,＿＿＿＿was very reasonable.
A. which price
B. the price of which
C. its price
D. the price of that
11. After ten years,she changed a lot and looked different from＿＿＿she used to be.
A. that
B. whom
C. what
D. who
12. ＿＿＿＿is known to everyone,the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. What
13. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation＿＿＿he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where
B. which
C. while
D. why
14. Information has been put forward＿＿＿more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while
B. that
C. when
D. as
15. What the doctors really doubt is＿＿＿＿my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
A. when
B. how
C. whether
D. what
16. The students of the music school study ＿＿＿＿.
A. music but also some other subjects
B. some other subjects as well as music
C. music as well as some other subjects
D. some other subjects and music
17. ＿＿＿air is to man,so is water to fish.
A. Since
B. Just
C. Like
D. As
18. There is plenty of rain in the south ＿＿ there is little in the north.
A. while
B. as
C. when
D. so
19. ＿＿＿several times about it,but he could not give the correct answer.
A. Being asked
B. Having been asked
C. He would ask
D. He had been asked
20. ——I don’t like chicken ＿＿＿ fish.
——I don’t like chicken,＿＿＿I like fish very much.
A. and； and
B. and； but
C. or； but
D. or； and
21. ＿＿＿the days went on,the situation there got worse.
A. With
B. Since
C. While
D. As
22. ＿＿＿everybody is here,let’s set out right away.
A. Now that
B. Because
C. For
D. After
23. The science of medicine,＿＿＿progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences.
A. to which
B. in which
C. which
D. with which
24. We must do the experiment carefully ＿＿＿Miss Liu told us.
A. what
B. since
C. as
D. while
25. Tony will never forget these days ＿＿＿she lived in China with her mother,＿＿＿has a great effect on her life.
A. that； which
B. when； which
C. which； that
D. when； that
26. ＿＿＿I know,they will go to Beijing to watch the Olympic Games in 2008.
A. Since
B. So far as
C. In case
D. As if
27. Who do you think the doctor will have＿＿＿first,John or Kate?
A. examine
B. to examine
C. examining
D. examined
28. —— What are you anxious about?
——＿＿＿＿＿.
A. Whether we can succeed
B. If we succeed
C. Do we succeed
D. That we can succeed
29. You should put the dictionary ＿＿＿you can find it easily.
A. where
B. the place
C. the place on which
D. what
30. She said to me,“I’ll tell you the result of the test＿＿＿I know it. ”
A. because
B. the moment
C. after
D. though
31. Grandpa used to tell us something about the “Cultural Revolution” ＿＿＿he had time to spare.
A. as soon as
B. as
C. so that
D. whenever
32. Li Fang is very busy,＿＿＿she’s always helping others with their lessons.
A. but
B. although
C. so
D. for
33. Getting a right job can be difficult ＿＿＿the students＿＿＿ prepared to deal with the job interview.
A. if；won’t
B. unless；will
C. unless；are
D. if；are
34. Everything depends on＿＿they will support you about it.
A. if
B. which
C. whether
D. that
35. She won the first prize in the speech contest and＿＿＿ surprized us.
A. which
B. it
C. as
D. who
36. The Oscar is one of the film prizes ＿＿offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.
A. which is not
B. that have not been
C. that has not
D. that has not been
37. He made another wonderful discovery,＿＿＿ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is
B. which I think it is
C. which I think it
D. I think is
38. It’s really very dangerous. One more step,＿＿＿the baby will fall into the well.
A. or
B. so
C. but
D. and
39. She is American,＿＿＿ she knows little about American history.
A. so
B. yet
C. and
D. therefore
40. Information technology is taught in most schools,＿＿＿we have entered the information society.
A. so
B. while
C. still
D. for
41. —— Helen must obey her parents.
—— Oh,she must,＿＿ ?
A. must she
B. mustn’t she
C. shouldn’t she
D. should she
42. John must be in the chemistry lab,＿＿＿ ?
A. mustn’t he
B. needn’t he
C. isn’t he
D. shouldn’t he
43. It was quite a long time＿＿＿ I made it out what had happened.
A. after
B. before
C. when
D. since
44. ＿＿the text a second time,the meaning will become clearer to you.
A. Read
B. Reading
C. If reading
D. When you read
45. ＿＿＿does he do his work well,＿＿＿ he helps others with their work.
A. Not only；but also
B. Neither；nor
C. Either；or
D. Both；and
46. ＿＿,so he didn’t come to school last week.
A. Though he was ill
B. Being ill
C. Having been ill
D. He was ill
47. She tried every way ＿＿＿ she could find to solve the problem.
A. how
B. in which
C. that
D. which
48. Lily has some idea ＿＿＿she’s going to be when she grows up.
A. what
B. that
C. as
D. which
49. To play fair is as important as ＿＿＿＿,I think.
A. to play well
B. play well
C. we play well
D. playing well
50. ＿＿＿you go,you should bear the motherland in mind.
A. Where
B. Whenever
C. However
D. Wherever
四.答案
1-10CBDDBABCAB 11-20CBABCBDADC
21-30DABCBBDAAB 31-40DACCBBADBD 41-50ACBDADCAAD
名词性从句
一.概念
名词性从句共有四种:主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和同位语从句
二.相关知识点精讲
1．主语从句：主语从句在整个句子中作主语。

(1)不同于其它的连词，它不充当句子的成分，只是单纯的连接词，通常不可以省略。

分句置于句首时，that绝对不可以省略。

That the driver could not control his war was obvious.
It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.
(2)if 不能用在主语从句中，而是用whether
Whether he left (or not) is unknown
(3)当主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数，下面这个句型例外。

What we need is more time and money.
What we need are many more books.
2.表语从句：表语从句出现在系动词后，充当表语。

The trouble is that we are short of money.
Go and get your coat. It’s where you left it.
(1) 引导表语从句除了上述三类词外还有because, as if/ as though等等
The reason (why/for which…..) is that ……
It/This/That is because……
(2) 连系动词“appear, look, seem”的两个常用句型
It seems/appears that….
It looks/seems as if/as though……(与事实相符用陈述语气，与事实相反用虚拟语气) (3) as 也可以引导表语从句
Things are not always as they seem to be
3. 宾语从句：及物动词，形容词和介词后加宾语从句作其宾语。

(1) 宾语从句时态与主句相呼应，但宾语从句表示的是客观真理或普遍现象除外
The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun
(2) 连词whether和 if可以互换，但注意下列情况
连词后紧跟or not时用whether
I want to know whether or not they will come.
作介词宾语是用whether引导宾语从句
He was interested in whether he saw her there.
连接词后直接加不定式，不能用if只能用whether
He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.
如果宾语从句是否定时，一般用if引导
I care if he will not attend the meeting.
(3) 当宾语从句后带宾补时，要用“主语+谓语+it +宾补+that-clause,that不可省略
I think it certain that she will do well in her exam.
(4) 当主语是I, we ，主句用think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine五个动词时，用否定转移
I don’t think he will win the game, will he?
(5) that在宾语从句常可以省略，但由and或 but连接两个或多个宾语从句时，仅可以省略第一个连词that
He said (that) he had eaten nothing but that he wasn’t hungry.
(6) 注意区别if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句
I don’t know if he will come.
If he comes, I’ll let you know.
4.同位语从句，在句中作某些名词的同位语，对前面的名词进一步说明。

用在下列名词fact,news,idea,hope,believe,hope,thought,doubt.truth,order,suggestion, word etc.
(1) There is no doubt that he will come.
There is doubt whether he will come.
Word came that Napoleon would come to inspect them.
There is no possibility that….
(2) that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
在同位语从句中：that不可以省略，不作成分;定语从句的关系代词that在定语从句作成分，作宾语时可以省略
We are interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our school.
We are interested in the news that he told us.
when, where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
在定语从句中，when, where前有分别表示时间、地点的先行词；而在同位语从句中无此对应关系
They have no idea at all where he has gone.(同位语从句)
Go and get your coat. It’s in the place where you left it.(定语从句)
5. 疑问词-ever既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而no matter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句
No matter where I go, my heart is towards China.
I believer whatever he says. Whatever he says, I will never believe him. who与 whoever的区别
who是“谁”的意思，表示具有疑问，who相当于anyone who“无论谁”
Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
Can you tell me who that gentleman is?
6．当名词性从句缺少主语、宾语或表语时，引导词通常用what，它相当于。

另外，有时具有感叹意义all that, anything that或 the thing(s) that
What we can’t get seems better than what we have.
Tom thought what a beautiful girl Mary was.
7.注意区分it 作形式主语的主语从句与强调句
强调句句型It is/was+被强调部分+that, 去掉It is/was, that，句子仍然成立。

It is natural that they should have different views. 主语从句
It is only lately that he had had a family himself. 强调句
What was it that he wanted? I don’t know what it was that he wanted.
It was in the hotel where he stayed that we discussed the serious problem
8.注意it 作形式主语的主语从句和as引导非限制性定语从句引导的不同
It is known to all that the earth is round.
As is known to all. the earth is round.
三.巩固练习
1．____he does has nothing to do with me.
A. whatever
B. No matter what
C. That
D. If
2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____
A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about
C. had the quarrel come about
D. had the quarrel come about
3. Energy is ____makes thing work..
A. what
B. something
C. anything
D. that
4. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while
B. that
C. when
D. as
5. This is ___the shenzhou V Spaceship landed.
A. there
B. in which
C. where
D. when
6. They have no idea at all____.
A. where he has gone
B. where did he go
C. which place has he gone
D. where has he gone
7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of the disease.
A. that
B. which
C. of which
D. of that
8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning.
A. that ;had to leave
B. that; should leave
C. /; must leave
D. when; should leave
9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match.
A. There; that
B. It; that
C. there; whether
D. It; whether
10. The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our research.
A. that
B. which
C. whether
D. if
11. Is _____he said really true?
A. that
B. what
C. why
D. whether
12.____the meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t matter.
A. That
B. Whether
C. If
D. Where
13. It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning gray.
A. while
B. if
C. that
D. for
14. ¬¬¬_____more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.
A. Whether
B. This
C. who
D. If
15.____he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.
A. What
B. That
C. Whether
D. If
16. ____you don’t like him is none of my business.
A. What
B. That
C. Who
D. How
17.____all the inventions have in common is ____they have succeeded.
A. What; what
B. That; that
C. what; that
D. That ; what
18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.
A. What
B. It
C. All that
D. That
19. It is widely ______that smoking can cause cancer.
A. believed
B. think
C. say
D. hoped
20. ____caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What
B. That
C. How
D. Where
21. ____he always serves the people very well is known.
A. What
B. That
C. Which
D. Who
22.____has passed the test will get a prize .
A. Whoever
B. No mater who
C. Whomever
D. Who
23.Is____ true that the famous scientist will give us a lecture next week?
A that
B it
C his
D he
24.It has not been decided ___ they will leave for New York.
A. when B why C that D what
25. Obviously___ we do morning exercises every day ___ us good.
A. that do
B. if; do C what; does D. that; dose
26 It is said____ ____ was all ___ he said.
A that; that; that
B what; what; what
C that; which; what
D that; that; which
27___ gets home first is to cook the supper.
A. Who B Whom C. Those who D. Whoever
28___ moved us most was___ he liked after the old man for more than twenty years.
A. That; that
B. What; that C What; what D. That; what
29.___ you did it is not known to all.
A. Who
B. What
C. How
D. Which
30.___ you do should be well done.
A How B. That C. Whatever D Why
31. The reason I plan to go is___ she w ill be disappointed if I don’t.
A. because
B. that
C. thanks to
D. what
32. What time do you think__?
A. will Tom come back
B. Tom will come back
C. is Tom coming back
D. can Tom get here
33. The teacher said that light___ faster than sound.
A. Has traveled
B. traveled
C. had traveled
D. travels
34..___ is still a question___ will win.
A. It; that
B. It; who
C. That; who
D. This; that
35. If you know___ it was that write A Tale of Two Cities, raise your hand.
A. whom
B. which
C. who
D. that
36. In some countries,___ are called “public schools” are not owned by the state.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. what
37. Thinking___ you know___ in fact you don’t is a terrible mistake.
A. that; that
B. what; what
C. that; what
D. what that
38. Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just___ worries the public.
A. why
B. which
C. that
D. what
39. Why don’t you bring___ to his attention that you are too busy to do it?
A. that
B. what
C. that
D. it
40.___ David says sounds right to Helen. That’s why she has made up her mind to leave with him___ happens.
A. whatever; whatever
B. No matter what; whatever
C. No matter what; No matter what
D. Whatever; however
41. That is___ I was born and grew up.
A. There
B. in which
C. where
D. the place
42.___ she was invited to the ball made her very happy.
A. What
B. That
C. When
D. Because
43.___ we are doing has never been done before.
A. That
B. What
C. Which
D. Whether
44.---Have you found your book yet?
---No, I’m not sure___ I could have left it.
A. whether
B. where
C. when
D. why
45. The doctor couldn’t answer the question___ the patient could survive that night.
A. if
B. that
C. whether
D. what
46. I firmly believe___ he said at the meeting was right.
A. that
B. which
C. that what
D. what that
47.---What were you trying to prove to the police?
---___ I was last night.
A. That
B. When
C. Where
D. What
48. I think, though I could be mistaken, __ he liked me.
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. what
49. At the meeting, we discussed___ we should employ more workers.
A. if
B. whether
C. that
D. /
50. After___ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.
A. which
B. it
C. what
D. that
四.答案
1—5 ABABC 6—10 AABAC 11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA
21—25 BABAD 26—30 ADBCC 31—35 BBDBC 36—40 DCDDA
41—45 CBBBC 46—50 CCCBC
状语从句
一.概念
状语从句修饰主句中的动词,形容词,副词等,在复合句中作状语.引导状语从句的关联词是从属连词.状语从句用陈述句语序,一般位于复合句的句首或句末.当从句在句首时,从句后常用逗号和主句相隔.状语从句根据其在句中的不同作用分别表示时间,地点,原因,目的,结果,条件,比较,让步,行为方式等.
二.相关知识点精讲
1.地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。

例如：
Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方树很多。

Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。

2.方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常由as, （just）as…so…, as if, as though引导。

1）as, （just）as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在（just）as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体。

例如：
Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。

As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。

Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。

2）as if, as though
两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。

汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"。

例如：
They completely ignore these facts as if （as though） they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。

（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。

）He looks as if （as though） he had been hit by lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。

（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。

）
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。

（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。

）
说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语。

例如：
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。

He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。

The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒
3.原因状语从句
比较because, since, as和for：
1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。

当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。

例如：
I didn＇t go, because I was afraid. 我不去是因为我怕。

Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 天气那么糟，旅行推迟了。

2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。

但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。

例如：
He is absent today, because / for he is ill. 他今天缺席，因为他病了。

He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定病了，所以今天缺席。

4.目的状语从句
表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导。

例如：
You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必须大点声，别人就能听见了。

He wrote the name down for fear that（lest） he should forget it. 他写下了这个名字以免以后忘记。

Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 最好多穿点衣服，以防天发冷。

5.结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由so…that 或such…that引导。

so…that与such…that之间可以转换。

例如：
The boy is so young that he can＇t go to school. 这男孩年龄太小，不能上学。

He is such a young boy that he can＇t go to school
6. 条件状语从句
连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。

if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。

非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。

unless = if not. 例如：
Let＇s go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 如果不太累，我们去散散步。

If you are not too tied, let＇s go out for a walk.
典型例题
You will be late ___ you leave immediately.
A. unless
B. until
C. if
D. or
答案A。

句意：除非你立即走，否则你就回迟到的。

可转化为 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late。

B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late.
7. 让步状语从句
1）though, although引导的让步状语从句，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet 可连用。

例如：
Although it＇s raining, they are still working in the field. 虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。

He is very old, but he still works very hard. 虽然他很老了，但仍然努力地工作。

Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。

（谚语）
2） as, though 引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。

例如：
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. 虽然是个小孩，该做什么不做什么，他全知道。

3） ever if, even though 即使。

例如：
We＇ll make a trip even though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好，我们也要去远足。

4）whether…or…不管……都。

例如：
Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 信不信由你，这确实是真的。

5）"no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever" 。

例如：
No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would not mind. 不管发生什么，他不在意。

替换：no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。

8. 比较while, when, as
1）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。

例如：
Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 我一刹车，有一个人向我走来。

2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。

例如：
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 赶完活后，你可以休息一下。

3）从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as，不用when 或while。

例如：
As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。

9.比较until和till
此两个连词意义相同。

肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某时"，动词必须是延续性的。

否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事"。

动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。

正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。

肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。

Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。

（在肯定句中可用before代替。

例如 Let＇s get in the wheat before the sun sets.）
否定句：She didn＇t arrive until 6 o＇clock. 她直到6点才到。

Don＇t get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。

I didn＇t manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。

区别：1）until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。

例如：
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。

2）until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。

例如：
---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候？
--- Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。

注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。

1）Not until…在句首，主句用倒装。

例如：
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到
19 世纪初，人类才知道热为何物。

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到工作，才认识到我已蹉跎了几多岁月。

2）It is not until… that… 。

例如：
It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.
10.表示"一…就…"的结构
hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than和as soon as都可以表示"一…就…"的意思。

例如：
I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. 刚回家，就下起雨来了。

I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。

例如： Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
三.巩固练习
1.These photographs will show you _____.
A. what does our village look like
B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like
2.Can you make sure ______ the gold ring?
A. where Alice had put
B. where did Alice put
C. where Alice has put
D. where has Alice put
3.No one can be sure _____ in a million years.
A. what man will look like
B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what
D. what look will man like
4.—-We haven’t heard from Jane a long time.
--What do you suppose _____ to her?
A. was happening
B. has happened
C. to happen
D. having happened
5.Go and get your coat. It’s _____you left it.
A. there
B. where
C. there where
D. where there 6._____ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
A. Whenever
B. If
C.
Whether D. That
7._____ he said at the meeting astionished everyone present.
A. What
B. That
C. That fact
D. The matter 8.—-Do you remember _____ he came?
--Yes, I do . He came by car.
A .how B. when C. that D.it
9._____ we can’t get seems better than ______ we have.
A. What , what
B. What , that
C. That , that
D. That , what 10.After the war, a new school building was put up ________there had once been a theatre.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. when
11.Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he
B. However he is late
C. However is he late
D. However late he is
12.Dr,Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge,I can＇t remember _____.
A. where
B. there
C. which
D. t hat
13.Why do you want a new job _____you＇ve got such a good one already?
A.t hat
B. where
C. which
D. when
14. －－I’m going to the post office.
－－＿＿＿＿＿you＇re there. can you get me some stamps?
A. As
B. While
C. Because
D. If
15. ＿＿＿＿＿you＇ve got a chance. you might as well make full use of it.
A. Now that
B. After
C. Although
D. AS soon as
16．－－I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
－－Is that ＿＿＿＿＿ you had a few days off?
A. why
B. when
C. what
D. where
17. You should make it a rule to leave things＿＿＿＿＿you can find them again
A. when
B. where
C. then
D. there
18. We＇ll have to finish the job.＿＿＿＿＿.
A. long it takes however
B. it takes however long
C. long however it takes
D. however long it takes
19.______she couldn’t understand was _______ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lesson.
A. What , why
B. That , what
C. What , because
D. Why , that
20.Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ___________.
A. who is he
B. who he is
C. who is it
D. who it is
四.答案
1-5 BCABB 6-10CAAAB 11-15 DCDBA 16-20 ABDAD
定语从句
一.概念
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句,称为定语从句,也叫形容词性从句
二.相关知识点精讲
1.关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。

例如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。

（whom/that 在从句中作宾语）
2） whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。

例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。

（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。

（which / that在句中作宾语）
2.关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。

例如：
There are occasions when （on which） one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。