The world as I see it

The world as I see it"
身为凡人，我们处身于一个特别殊胜的机缘里，来此尘世经历一段短暂的旅程；虽然不能清楚地理解来此尘世的目的，但有时候，从生活中我们又能隐隐感受到一些生命的真相。

如不深究其理，简单地从日常生活的角度来理解，我们其实是为了身边的亲友而存在的，特别是为了那些让我们在意，并且能直接牵动我们幸福的人的笑容与福祉而存在。

再其次，就是为了那些我们并不认识，但因为同理心而与我们命运相连的人们。

我每天都会提醒自己数百次，自己内在与外在的生活，都有赖于其他人们的辛勤劳动，就在享受别人付出的同时，我必须发挥贡献自己的力量，同样地为社会和他人的福祉而努力。

我个人非常认同简单的生活方式，并不由自主地觉得从别人那儿得到的太多。

我认为阶层差异是与公平正义背道而驰的，特别是基于武力（force）所形成的阶级差异。

我也认为简单的生活对每个人的生理和心理都是有益的。

The World as I see it
What an extraordinary situation is that of us mortals! Each of us is here for a brief sojourn; for what purpose he knows not, though he sometimes thinks he feels it. But from the point of view of daily life, without going deeper, we exist for our fellow-men--in the first place for those on whose smiles and welfare all our happiness depends, and next for all those unknown to us personally with whose destinies we are bound up by the tie of sympathy. A hundred times
every day I remind myself that my inner and outer life depend on the labours of other men, living and dead, and that I must exert myself in order to give in the same measure as I have received and am still receiving. I am strongly drawn to the simple life and am often oppressed by the feeling that I am engrossing an unnecessary amount of the labour of my fellow-men. I regard class differences as contrary to justice and, in the last resort, based on force. I also consider that plain living is good for everybody, physically and mentally.
从哲学的观点来看，我从不相信人们享有完全的自由。

每个人的行为不仅被外在的强制力约束，更被内在的需要驱动。

叔本华有句名言“人能为所欲为，但不能驭其所欲”，这句话在我年轻时就启发了我，并且不断地在人生艰难的时刻成为我和许多人的慰藉以及忍耐的泉源。

幸运地，这种体会减轻了那易于令人麻木的责任感，并防止我们过于严肃地对待自己和别人；最重要的是，这种体会有助于让幽默感在我们的人生观里占到其应有的位置。

In human freedom in the philosophical sense I am definitely a disbeliever. Everybody acts not only under external compulsion but also in accordance with inner necessity. Schopenhauer's saying, that "a man can do as he will, but not will as he will," has been an inspiration to me since my youth up, and a continual consolation and unfailing well-spring of patience in the face of the hardships of
life, my own and others'. This feeling mercifully mitigates the sense of responsibility which so easily becomes paralysing, and it prevents us from taking ourselves and other people too seriously; it conduces to a view of life in which humour, above all, has its due place.
探究自己存在或是被创造的意义和目的，我觉得客观来说是很荒谬的。

当然，每个人都有自己的理想，不同的理想指引了每个人不同的努力方向和判断。

从这个角度来说，我从不把过得轻松自在和幸福快乐当作理想，用道德批判的角度，我只能说这种理想与猪群的理想无异。

唯有真，善，美，才能时时照亮我的生命，并不时给我新的勇气，让我能愉悦地面对生活。

若没有志同道合的伙伴一起，没有心有定见的目标，没有永恒追求的艺术与科学，那生命对我来说将是空洞无趣的。

庸俗的人戮力追求的财富，外在成就与奢华，那对我来说都是不屑一顾的。

To inquire after the meaning or object of one's own existence or of creation generally has always seemed to me absurd from an objective point of view.
And yet everybody has certain ideals which determine the direction of his endeavours and his judgments. In this sense I have never looked upon ease and happiness as ends in themselves--such an ethical basis I call more proper for a herd of swine. The ideals which have lighted me on my way and time after time given me new
courage to face life cheerfully, have been Truth, Goodness, and Beauty. Without the sense of fellowship with men of like mind, of preoccupation with the objective, the eternally unattainable in the field of art and scientific research, life would have seemed to me empty. The ordinary objects of human endeavour--property, outward success, luxury--have always seemed to me contemptible. 我对社会正义与社会责任的热切关注，与我疏离人群，避免直接与人接触的行为，形成强烈对比。

我自成一路，从不全心归属于我的国家，家庭，朋友甚至妻儿；面对这些羁绊，我从不放弃疏离的执念，一种对于独处需求的执念，而且这种感觉与日俱增。

一方面我清晰地意识到这将限制我与他人可能产生的相互理解和同理心，但我却毫不后悔。

作为这样的人无疑地将失去一些友善和欣悦心；但另一方面，这样的人才能独立于他人的意见，兴趣和判断，避免让自己立足于这种不稳妥的基础之上。

My passionate sense of social justice and social responsibility has always contrasted oddly with my pronounced freedom from the need for direct
contact with other human beings and human communities. I gang my own gait and have never belonged to my country, my home, my friends, or even my immediate family, with my whole heart; in the face of all these ties I have never lost an obstinate sense of detachment, of the need for solitude--a feeling which increases with
the years. One is sharply conscious, yet without regret, of the limits to the possibility of mutual understanding and sympathy with one's fellow-creatures. Such a person no doubt loses something in the way of geniality and light-heartedness ; on the other hand, he is largely independent of the opinions, habits, and judgments of his fellows and avoids the temptation to take his stand on such insecure foundations.
民主是我的政治理想，让每一个人获得应有的尊重，并且没有人被偶像化。

然而命运很讽刺地让我这无功无过的人，却收获了过多的赞美与尊崇。

获得如此殊荣，也许是因为我怀抱着许多人怯于尝试的渴求，企图用自己微薄的力量，反复不停地挣扎着去探究这一两个最终获奖的理论。

我十分理解任何复杂的组织想要成功，必须要有一个人来担任思考和指挥的工作，并概括承受其后果。

但是这个领导绝不能被强加任命，必须要这组织的每一份子自主选择自己的领导。

高压独裁的体系，在我来看势必衰败。

因为武力总是吸引那些道德观念低下的人，并且我衷心相信一个不变的法则：即使天纵英明的暴君，政权最后总不免被恶棍继承。

因此，我总是不遗余力地反对今天（1929年）在意大利所看到的（国家法西斯）体系。

而目前在欧洲流行但为人诟病的民主模式，也不能将我们引进理想中的民主殿堂。

目前欧洲流行的体制让政府的首长们没有稳定性，而且选举的方式也缺乏应有的人情味。

就这方面来说，我相信美国找到了适合他们的道路。

他们的制度选出了有着足够任期和足够权力，并能够完全负责的总统。

在另一
方面来说，我也推崇我们（1929年纳粹尚未执政）的政治体系中那些对应个人病痛急难时更为完善的条款。

我以为在美丽多彩的人生中最有价值的并非邦国组织，而是充满创意与有情的个人，以及他们各自独有的性格。

只有这些个体，才能创造出令人赞叹和高尚的杰作，而群众总是拙于思考，盲于感受。

My political ideal is that of democracy. Let every man be respected as an individual and no man idolized. It is an irony of fate that I myself have been the recipient of excessive admiration and respect from my fellows through no fault, and no merit, of my own. The cause of this may well be the desire, unattainable for many, to understand the one or two ideas to which I have with my feeble powers attained through ceaseless struggle. I am quite aware that it is necessary for the success of any complex undertaking that one man should do the thinking and directing and in general bear the responsibility. But the led must not be compelled, they must be able to choose their leader. An autocratic system of coercion, in my opinion, soon degenerates. For force always attracts men of low morality, and I believe it to be an invariable rule that tyrants of genius are succeeded by scoundrels. For this reason I have always been passionately opposed to systems such as we see in Italy and Russia to-day. The thing that has brought discredit upon the prevailing form of democracy in Europe to-day is not to be laid to
the door of the democratic idea as such, but to lack of stability on the part of the heads of governments and to the impersonal character of the electoral system. I believe that in this respect the United States of America have found the right way. They have a responsible President who is elected for a sufficiently long period and has sufficient powers to be really responsible. On the other hand, what I value in our political system is the more extensive provision that it makes for the individual in case of illness or need. The really valuable thing in the pageant of human life seems to me not the State but the creative, sentient individual, the personality; it alone creates the noble and the sublime, while the herd as such remains dull in thought and dull in feeling.
讲到这里，我不禁想到群众本性中最晦暗的部分，那就是我最为憎恶的军事体系。

一个人如果以在方阵队伍里面游行引以为乐，就足以让我看扁这个人。

给这种人长了脑子就是一种错误，他们只要有脊椎反射就够了。

这属于人类文明中被瘟疫沾染的部分，早就应该尽速废止。

以爱国主义为名推行的命令式英雄主义，毫无道理的暴力，以及有害社会的胡言乱语，都是让我十分厌恶的。

战争是冷酷的而且我极其鄙视，我宁愿粉身碎骨也不愿意参与其中。

尽管如此，我对于人类，还是抱有很高的期望，若不是商业与政治利益通过学校教育和新闻媒体有系统地侵蚀腐坏这正确的价值观，我相信军事体系这令人头疼的问题老早就已经消失了。

This topic brings me to that worst outcrop of the herd nature, the military system, which I abhor. That a man can take pleasure in marching in formation to the strains of a band is enough to make me despise him. He has only been given his big brain by mistake; a backbone was all he needed. This plague-spot of civilization ought to be abolished with all possible speed. Heroism by order, senseless violence, and all the pestilent nonsense that does by the name of patriotism--how I hate them! War seems to me a mean, contemptible thing: I would rather be hacked in pieces than take part in such an abominable business. And yet so high, in spite of everything, is my opinion of the human race that I believe this bogey would have disappeared long ago, had the sound sense of the nations not been systematically corrupted by commercial and political interests acting through the schools and the Press.
我们所能感受到最棒的事，就是那些神秘体验，那是能够孕育纯艺术与纯科学的基础感情。

一个人不能正视神秘体验，就无力感受神奇，也不能感到惊艳...那其实活着也与死人无异，像一支被捏熄灭的蜡烛。

就是这神秘体验伴随着敬畏，才能成就了宗教。

只有通过接受神秘体验这种最为基本的形式，我们才可能知道，确实有人力不可测的力量存在，才能认知到最深刻的道理有各种不同的体现，也才能明白最璀璨的美丽。

而也唯有这样的感受，才能形成最为真实的宗教态度。

从这个观点来理解宗教，我确实是虔诚的宗教信徒。

我很难相信上帝
能够奖惩他创造出的万物，或者上帝有着类似你我一般人的意志。

而对于人的肉身能够逃脱生死永垂不朽的说法，也是我永远无法理解的，更何况我也不想得到永生。

这些妄念都是出于人们脆弱灵魂的恐惧，或是本我意识的狂妄。

能够窥探生命永续的奥秘，发现现世组成结构的神奇，并全心努力去理解大自然所展现出的真理（虽然并非全貌但绝不微小），对我来说此生足矣！
The fairest thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the fundamental emotion which stands at the cradle of true art and true science. He who knows it not and can no longer wonder, no longer feel amazement, is as good as dead, a snuffed-out candle. It was the experience of mystery--even if mixed with fear--that engendered religion. A knowledge of the existence of something we cannot penetrate, of the manifestations of the profoundest reason and the most radiant beauty, which are only accessible to our reason in their most elementary forms--it is this knowledge and this emotion that constitute the truly religious attitude; in this sense, and in this alone, I am a deeply religious man. I cannot conceive of a God who rewards and punishes his creatures, or has a will of the type of which we are conscious in ourselves. An individual who should survive his physical death is also beyond my comprehension, nor do I wish it otherwise; such notions are for the fears or absurd egoism of feeble souls. Enough for me the mystery
of the eternity of life, and the inkling of the marvellous structure of reality, together with the single-hearted endeavour to comprehend a portion, be it never so tiny, of the reason that manifests itself in nature.。