2021年南京市十八中学高三英语模拟试卷及答案解析

2021年南京市十八中学高三英语模拟试卷及答案解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
The Internet has revolutionized our lives to such an extent (程度) that for most people, the global network has become more than just a tool but rather an important aid in everyday life. More and more people go online as wireless networks have brought the Internet closer and closer: it’s on our mobile phones, in our cars and TV sets, in hospital surgery rooms and in fishing boats that battle the waves of the Atlantic.
And this revolution has brought along with it a new way of shopping. Both big and small, e-business websites have flooded the Internet by the hundreds of thousands. Anything you can buy from a brick and mortar store (实体店) you can also buy online: from food and clothes to toys, no matter what you’re looking for, you’re bound to find the right online store with just a few clicks of the mouse. You can use the Internet to find new suppliers, post buying requests or search for products and services.
This revolution has affected brick and mortar business owners greatly. And what was their reaction? They’ve opened online stores to go hand in hand with their conventional business.
But do the big players have reasons to be afraid? Are we going to start seeing ghostly, deserted Walmarts (沃尔玛) across the country? Probably not in the near future but the day will come when most people will just stop shopping offline anymore. A trip to Walmart wastes time, burns gas.
The recent advancements in mobile technology and the introduction of mobile phones with enhanced (提高的) web capabilities have even made some people order their groceries when they get out from work and have them delivered at their doorstep by the time they get home. And as “Time is money”, this practice is lifesaving for people whowork two jobs.
Technology will continue to advance and e-business will follow closely in its footsteps. Everything will become easier and less time consuming, leaving us more time to enjoy the things that really matter in life: the ones we love, our friends and hobbies.
1. What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?
A. The popularity of mobile phones.
B. The great influence of the Internet.
C. The importance of the Internet.
D. The function of the global network.
2. In response to the threat of online business, the brick-and-mortar store owners________.
A. have stopped their traditional business
B. have started their dislike of the Internet
C. have established their own website
D. have opened their online stores
3. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. A New Way of Shopping.
B. The Internet Revolution.
C. What is the Reaction to Online Shopping?
D. Is Online Shopping the Future of E-business?
B
At first glance, there is nothing unusual about BingoBox’s convenience store–shelves packed with snacks line the walls, attracting passers-by through the glass windows. But upon closer look, BingoBox is no ordinary store. The door unlocks only after customers scan (扫描) aQR code to enter, and there is no cashier — just a lone checkout counter (柜台) in a corner. The Shanghai-based company is one of many unmanned store operators (运营者) opening outlets all over China, hoping to improve slim profit by reducing staff costs.
“Ifstaff costs rise quickly, that puts greater pressure on low-profit businesses like convenience stores and supermarkets,” said Andrew Song, an analyst at Guotai Junan Securities. “InChina, manpower costs have been rising ly quickly.”
However, the future vision of shopping without a check-out person is still a work in progress. A Post reporter who visited a BingoBox store inShanghaiwas briefly locked in when trying to exit without buying anything. Although a sign near the exit stated that empty-handed customers can leave by scanning a QR code, no QR code was to be found. Repeated calls to the customer service hotline went unanswered.
The idea of unmanned stores first caught the world’s attention in December last year. Equipped with technology such as RFID tags, mobile payment systems and facial and movement recognition, such stores collect large amounts of data that give operators a better idea of consumer preferences and buying habits, which can then be used to optimize (使最优化) operations and make more efficient inventory decisions. For companies like BingoBox, lower operating costs also mean it can afford to expand its reach to areas with less foot traffic or fewer people, according to its founder and chief executive ChenZilin.
4. What makes BingoBox store look like an ordinary convenience store?
A. No cashier to check out.
B. A lone checkout counter.
C. Shelves packed with goods.
D. Entering by scanning a QR code.
5. Why are unmanned stores popular with operators?
A. The customers prefer mobile payment systems.
B. The unmanned stores help improve profit with lower labor costs.
C. The employees focus on consumer preferences and buying habits.
D. The operators care more about operations and inventory decisions.
6. Why is the reporter’s case mentioned in the passage?
A. To show his anger and dissatisfaction.
B. To warn people not to go to a BingoBox store.
C. To explain unmanned stores still have a long way to go.
D. To complain that QR code service is not convenient at all..
7. What can we infer from the chief executive Chen Zilin?
A. Nowadays all stores should be equipped with advanced technology.
B. The operators collect data about consumer preferences and buying habits.
C. BingoBox made wiser decisions based on the data collected in those unmanned stores.
D. The operators can open unmanned supermarkets in more distant places with low cost.
C
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color1 or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published bySciencefound that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that
members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: ly not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
8. Whatdoes the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?
A. They're unfair.
B. They're conservative.
C. They're objective.
D. They're strict.
9. What can we infer about girls from the study inScience?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
10. Why are more geniuses known to the public?
A. Improved global communication.
B. Less discrimination against women.
C.Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D. Changes in people's social positions.
11. What is the best title for the text?
A. Geniuses Think Alike
B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence
D. Genius and Luck
D
A Bridge Linking Art and the Audience
According to a 2018 report, people aged between 16 and 24 make up about 15 percent of the population but only 10 percent of museum-goers. Similarly, people aged over35 go half as much as you would expect from their population size. We have reached the point of recognising the disconnection between art and the audience but
haven’t yet determined how to bridge the gap. Two answers to tackling this challenge lie in telling a greater diversity of art histories and communicating these stories in more accessible ways.
In 2018, a radio program called Art Matters was started with the aim of discussing art from a pop-culture viewpoint with topics that would engage younger and more diverse audience. It offers an accessible pathway to art history with conversations on different topics. Art history is about storytelling; art content shines when there is an effort to bring audience along for the discussion.
More traditional institutions are paying attention. Recently theGettyMuseumissued a social-media challenge for people to recreate paintings using items they had at home. Users displayed incredible creativity, and the museum was flooded with submissions. This reaction proves that there is a potential desire for the audience to engage with art topics if the format is appealing. Since many people feelintimidatedand think that there’s a base level of understanding required to join the conversation, the Getty initiative serves as a reminder that there are many pathways to engaging with it.
Another result of the Getty challenge was the exposure given to a diversity of artworks. The famous opera singer Peter Brathwaite, for example, made scores of attractive recreations highlighting centuries of black paintings. His efforts opposed the idea that there were not many historical paintings of black figures. It is extremely important that we do a better job of showing the complex and diverse stories that are represented in art.
Social media have offered a platform for people who have not traditionally had a seat at the table. Anyone can recognise a gap in the field and address it. Accounts have gathered tens of thousands of followers. They are the proof that there is hunger to hear these art histories, and these themes work brilliantly for museum programming.
But there is only so much that can be done without the museums and galleries changing meaningfully from within. We need to see a better balance of these stories represented in permanent collections. We also need a much wider diversity of people and interests represented on board. Ensuring that art-and writing and talking about art-is able to continue on the rising generation of storytellers, inside and outside of institutions, getting the funding and support they need to paint a brighter picture for the part.
12. What challenge is the author trying to tackle?
A. People doubt a great diversity of artworks.
B. Fewer and fewer young people go to museums.
C. Art appears too distant from common audience.
D. Adult audience has a different understanding of art.
13. What does the underlined word “intimidated” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Tired.
B. Worried.
C. Annoyed.
D. Surprised.
14. In the author’s opinion, the museums and galleries should ________.
A. make the art history stories accessible in a traditional way.
B. change meaningfully for activities like the Getty challenge.
C. limit the number of storytellers both in and out of institutions.
D. improve the permanent collections by adding famous artworks.
15. We can conclude from the passage that common audience ________.
A. lacks the channels to understand and talk about art history.
B. prefers to view artworks and hear art stories on social media.
C. feels satisfied with people and interests represented on board.
D. refuses to engage with diverse art topics and art history stories.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项Trying to find common topics with someone you've never met before and may never meet again, is certainly awkward. Like it or not, your future holds many conversations with strangers that must start somewhere. Usually, they begin with small talk.____16____.
An icebreaker that works in every situation
There's one icebreaker question that'll work every single time: Tell me about yourself. The four words are much more effective than the question "So what do you do?" because you don't make any assumptions (假设) about the other person._______17_______. It allows you to start a conversation without the fear that you're going to make someone uncomfortable. Raising a broad question lets people lead you to who they are.
Stay curious
____18____, your next move is equally important. You have to really listen to how the other person responds and care what they have to say. Talk about what they're interested in. Build on it. Ask them more questions about that thing._______19_______. You need to hear what the other person has to say. Bringing enthusiasm to the conversation will go a long way.
How to exit gracefully
Sometimes you just run out of things to talk about. One last trick for you. Be honest. Say you've got to go to
the bar, to the bathroom, to say hello to your friend across the room. Then go._______20_______. But do you really want to be stuck talking to someone when you have nothing to talk about? Abandoning one bad conversation frees you up to start another with someone new. It starts with, "So Bob, tell me about yourself."
A. Sure, it might feel rude
B. Here's how to do small talk right
C. Don't quickly exit the conversation
D. After you get past the breaking of ice
E. Even if he's excited about a certain topic
F. A good conversation depends heavily on curiosity
G. The four words are more likely to lead to a truly interesting conversation
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项At stations inLondongoes a tradition that warm and inspirational words are written on White Boards for emotional support. It’s been 14 years since customer services manager Anthony Gentles was inspired to___21___the “blank faces” of commuters (往返上班者) with a daily dose (剂量) of___22___from his favorite book, Tao Te Ching, the key text in the ancient Chinese philosophical tradition of Taoism. This___23___of writing a meaningful sentence on the board is named Thought of the Day. At the beginning of2018, on the board is “A journey of a thousand must begin with a single___24___.”
“If it’s___25___for me, perhaps when passengers see it, it will allow them to___26___for a moment and could distract them from whatever was___27___their mind.” Mr. Gentles said. Offering up pearls of wisdom fromChinawas his way of___28___to make people feel more___29___as they used the underground.
Mr. Gentles____30____how one man wandered about on the platform for 20 minutes before heading back to the atrium (中厅) to pronounce that he’d____31____“what the thought was____32____to me.”
In the year 2007, Gentles____33____the job over to his colleague Glen Sutherland and ever since then Mr. Sutherland has written over 3,000 sentences on the____34____. He has taught himself calligraphy so as to____35____clear handwriting on it.
Thought of the Day at Oval station of theLondonsubway has won world-wide attention and Sutherland____36____a story on the Twitter account of the station. Mr. Sutherland____37____a quote by Mirtha Legrand, a famous actress and television presenter in the South American country at the request of an Argentine family. But he hadn’t____38____it was spoken highly of by the presenter in her program. He told BBC. “If it’s
helping people, and giving people____39____feelings, then it’s good. But I’m really____40____about 20,000 followers on Twitter for Thought of the Day — I can’t get my head around it.”
21. A. turn down B. drive away C. light up D. bring about
22. A. comfort B. optimism C. happiness D. wisdom
23. A. practice B. skill C. hobby D. behavior
24. A. experience B. action C. step D. thought
25. A. comfortable B. inspirational C. ambiguous D. relevant
26. A. stand B. wonder C. stop D. relax
27. A. passing by B. going through C. getting across D. running for
28. A. trying B. asking C. requiring D. desiring
29. A. guilty B. enthusiastic C. anxious D. welcome
30. A. recalls B. understands C. explains D. analyses
31. A. taken in B. made up C. worked out D. kept off
32. A. saying B. emphasizing C. exhibiting D. promising
33. A. took B. passed C. brought D. sent
34. A. train B. post C. board D. wall
35. A. admire B. appreciate C. imitate D. provide
36. A. invented B. downloaded C. updated D. shared
37. A. showed off B. put up C. gaveup D. turned down
38. A. expected B. believed C. doubted D. declared
39. A. disturbing B. amusing C. awkward D. pleasant
40. A. certain B. confused C. concerned D. skeptical
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
TheUnited Statesis primarily an English-speaking country. Although people pronounce the English words in several different ways, they can understand each other.____41.____, not everyone in theUSspeaks English. There’re hundreds of areas in the US____42.____English is not the most commonly____43.____(use) language. Spanish, Chinese, Italian, German and French are all spoken in theUS. In fact, Spanish is____44.____(wide) spoken inNew Yorkand across the southern part of the country,____45.____(make) it the second most commonly spoken language after English.
For speakers of other language, it’s of great____46.____(important) to learn English, but in the past, teaching people to speak English as____47.____second language was given little attention. Non-English speakers were expected to pick up the language through daily life. Recently, this____48.____(change). Today, most public schools have ELS____49.____(program), which have different English lessons for different students and lay emphasis on communication in language learning instead of focusing_____50._____the grammar and translation.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分
I still remember my first presentation in front of my entire class. When it comes to my turn, I was very much nervous! My head went blank and I had no idea that to say. Then I took deep breath and slowly breathed out. I kept do so for some times. That helped me feel less terribly. After a while, I calmed down but began my speech. I did a good job in the end. It was deep breathing that helped me out of anxious. So remember to breathe deeply when you feel nervous in a presentation. Focus on your speech and don't worry with not making my presentation perfect. The world won't end even if you mess up.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

There Are No Vans
To me, what Thanksgiving really means is giving good thanks, not eating turkey. By the time I was 18 I had created my Thanksgiving ritual (惯例). I would go out shopping and buy enough food for one or two families. Then I would dress like a delivery boy, go to the poorest neighborhood and just knock on a door, and would always include a note saying “All that I ask in return is that you take good enough care of yourself so that someday you can do the same thing for someone else.” I have received more from this annual ritual than I have from any amount of money I’ve ever earned, especially one such experience inNew York City.
Several years ago I was inNew York Citywith my newly married wife during Thanksgiving. She was sad because we were not with our family. Normally she would be home decorating the house for Christmas, but we were stuck
here in a hotel room. I said, “Honey, look, why don’t we decorate some lives today instead of some trees?” When I told her what I always do on Thanksgiving, she got excited. I said, “Let’s go someplace where we can really appreciate who we are, what we are able to do and what we can really give. Let’s go to the poor neighborhoodHarlemand feed some people there in need. We’ll go buy enough food for six or seven families for 30 days. We’ve got enough. Let’s go do it!”
We started by getting a van (货车), but there seemed no vans in all of New York
City. The rent-a-car places were all out of vans. My wife was disappointed, and I said, “Look, the bottom line is that if we want something, we can make it happen! All we have to do is take action. There are plenty of vans here inNew York City. Look down at the street. Do you see all those vans? Let’s go get one!” My wife agreed and we took action.
Para1：
We tried stopping vans as they were driving down the street.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________
Para2:
Eventually a van drove up and the driver said yes.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________
参考答案
1. B
2. D
3. D
4. C
5. B
6. C
7. D
8. A 9. D 10. A 11. B
12. C 13. B 14. B 15. A
16. B 17. G 18. D 19. F 20. A
21. C 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. A 31. C 32.
A 33.
B 34.
C 35.
D 36. D 37. B 38. A 39. D 40. B
41. However
42. where 43. used 44. widely 45. making
46. importance
47. a 48. has changed
49. programs
50. on /upon
51.(1).comes→came
(2).nervous前的much删去
(3).that→what
(4).deep前加a
(5).do→doing
(6).terribly→terrible
(7).but→and
(8). anxious→anxiety
(9).with→about
(10).my→your
52.略。