Morphology 词法

eat have
Words and expressions party case eraser he pencil safe hard eat pen here pencil case pencil sharpener that this great have
book ruler backpack dictionary excuse China
总结： 行为或动作的主体 主语是一个句子所叙述的____________________ ，一般位于句首，通常由 名词（词组）、代词、数词、动名 词、不定式和从句 ______________________________ 来充当。
练习2. 翻译句子并指出主语由什么充当 1.北京是中国的首都。
5.The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother. ( ) 6.She spoke at the meeting this morning. （ ）
7.Shall I begin at once?（ ）
8.She began working as a teacher after she left school.（ ） 9.When did they leave Beijing?（ ） 10.They left last week. （ ）
来充当。
宾语：
练习4.划出下列句中的宾语并说明由什么来充 当。 1、They planted many trees yesterday.
2、I have two apples. 3、I wanted to buy a car.
Function 表示人或事物的名 称 用来代替名词、 形容词或数词等 表示数量或顺序
example Syntactic function party China he that
主语、表语、补语、 定语、同位语、宾语 主语、表语、补语、 定语、同位语、宾语
one first
主语、表语、补语、 定语、同位语
情态动词
He can swim across the river.
You must stay at home. I might leave tomorrow. 原形 情态动词后接动词________
★4.
谓语和非谓语
谓语 ，再 在英语中，一个主谓结构中只能有一个______ 非谓语 形式，即：在前面加 出现动词时，要变成______ ing 构成动名 to 构成动词不定式，在后面加_____ ______ ed 构成过去分词。 词或现在分词，在后面加______ 也就是说，非谓语是指：动词不定式，表 目的和将来 主动和进行 _______________ 现在分词表_______________ 被动和完成 和过去分词表_________________ 。
3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
5.Smoking does harm to the health.
6.That he isn’t at home is not true.
2.He has had breakfast.
练习2. 指出下列斜体单词是实义动词还是助 动词： 1.Does ( ) he like ( ) swimming? 2.He does ( ) like ( ) swimming.
3.Where does( ) he live ( )? 4.He does ( ) some washing after work. 5.He has ( ) had ( )supper already. 6.The bridge has( ) been( ) built( ) now. 7.I have ( ) been ( )waiting( ) for you all day.
5.
The boy sits over there likes singing.
6. The house was built last year has been sold out.
7. The girls are singing over there are my classmates. 8. My parents wanted him work hard.
练习1.指出下列句中划线动词是及物动词还是不及物动 词，及物填vt.，不及物填vi. 1.Most birds can fly.（ ）
2.The children are flying kites in the park. ( ) 3.It happened yesterday.（ ） 4.My watch stopped.（ ）
动词的相关讲解
★1. 词性的英文缩写 缩写字母 v. vt. vi. modal v aux. v. 原词 代表词性 verb 动词 transitive verb 及物动词 intransitive verb 不及物动词 modal verb 情态动词 auxiliary verb 助动词
★2. 及物动词和不及物动词 The door opened. He opened the door. ①有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词， 词义相同。如： The meeting began at six. We began the meeting at six. ②有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词， 但词义不同。如： The man walked away. He walked the dog every day. She washes clothes at home. The clothes washes well.
总结：
定义：谓语说明主语所做的 动作 或具有 的 特征或状态 。 动 词在句中作谓语，一 般放在 主语 之后。
表语
练习3：划出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么 充当。
1、Our teacher of English is an America. 2、Is it yours? 3、The weather has turned cold. 4、The speech is exciting. 5、His job is to teach English. 6、Please keep silent,the baby is sleeping.
• Welcome to number two high school
Morphology词法
Parts of speech 词类
单词的分类及其在句中常见作用 英语中的单词可以根据词义、句法作用和形 式特征分为十大词类。 Notional word 实词
词性 Noun (n) Pronoun (pron.) Numeral (num.)
★3. 实义动词、助动词与情态动词 实义动词：指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的 动词。 He lives quite near. I like reading. I bought a pen yesterday. 助动词：协助主要动词构成谓语。没有对应的汉译， 不可单独做谓语。 ①帮助构成时态的： The boy is crying. He has arrived. I have been painting all day.
②帮助构成否定句和疑问句的： Does he like English? He doesn’t have lunch at home.
③帮助构成被动语态的 Trees are planted in spring.
The house has been pulled down. 注意：一个词既可以作实义动词也可以作助动词，具体是哪一种， 主要看它们在句中的功能。 1.He did his homework at seven o’clock. Did he do his homework yesterday?
Function word 虚词
用在名词前， an 帮助说明名词 a 所指的人或事 the 物 Preposition 用在名词、代 under 不能独立充当句子 词等前面，说 (prep.) in 成分 明句子中词与 词之间的关系 Conjunctio 用来连接词、 and n 短语或句子 but （conj.） Interjection 表示说话时的 hello 情感或口气 (interj.) oh Article (art.)
表语、补语、定 语、状语 表语、补语、 定语、状语 谓语
Adjective 用来修饰名词，表示人或 safe 事物的特征、性质 (adj.) great 用来修饰动词、形容词或其 hard Adverb 它副词，表示动作或性状的 (adv.) here 特征
Verb (v.)
表示人或事物的 动作或状态
你知道哪些呢？ Her family were Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by German Nazis.
一、主语：画出下面句子的主语 1.American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class.
用来修饰动词形容词或其它副词表示动作或性状的特征verb表示人或事物的动作或状态主语表语补语定语同位语宾语主语表语补语定语同位语宾语主语表语补语定语同位语表语补语定语状语表语补语定语状语谓语wordsexpressionspartychinahesafehardeatpenerasercasepencilgreatherehavebookrulerbackpackpencilcasepencilsharpenerdictionaryexcuse练习
总结：
表语主要是表述主语的特征、状态和身份等。 它一般位于 系动词 （如be、look、 seem、 taste、feel、smell、sound 、grow、become、 turn、appear等）之后。表语一般由 名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、 词组、动词不定式、v-ing形式、过去分词、 从句 ————————————————————
练习：指出下面句子的词性
1.
2. 3.
This is a story book.
The dinner smells good. He got up late so he missed the train.
4.
5.
Everything is clean in the room.
There are two boys playing outside.
2.他考试失败了。
3.一加一等于二。 4.认真听讲是很重要的。 练习3改正下列句中的错误，并说明原因 1. Play basketball is my favorite sport.
2.
Give up English is not an option.
二、谓语
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语 构成。如： He practices running every morning.
He set down everything the teacher said in class.
2、复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动 词加动词构成。 You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. My sister is crying over there. I have been wating for you all the time. I would stay at home all day.
练习3. 先找出句中的谓语，然后改正句中 的错误，并说明原因： 1. Get up early is good for our health.
2.
3. 4.
I want go home now.
My favorite sport is play football. There is a bird sings in the tree.
9.
I remember saw haw him walked into the building.
Sentence constituents 句子成分
英语的句子成分一般分为九种，即：主语、 谓语、宾语、表语、定语、补语（主语补足 语和宾语补足语）、状语、同位语和插入语。