给排水专业英语(上)

1】Professional English on Water Supply and Sewerage Engineering 给水排水工程专业英语drains for water-carried wastes 污水处理(排污水的排水管道)a settling reservoir 预沉池aqueduct 渠道，导水管filtration 过滤distillation 蒸馏clarification 澄清coagulation血凝stone-grated 格栅、格网turbidity 浊度cistern 蓄水池、槽gpcd 每日每人加仑数coagulant 混凝剂combined sewers 合流制排水管道prehistoric word 石器时代rapid-sand filter 快砂滤池water supply and wastewater disposal facilities给排水处理设施per capita 按人口平均计算ferment 发酵toxic 有毒的These cisterns provided a daily average supply of about 4.2 gallons per capita per day(gpcd).这些贮水池仅能提供每人每天4.2加仑的水量The connection was established between a contaminated water supply and spread of the disease, and it was determined that the absence of effective sewerage was a major hindrance in combating the problem. 人们发现疾病的传播和饮用水受到污染有关，并由此确定缺少有效的排水系统是解决这一问题的主要障碍。

2】The exterior network 室外管网distribution systems 配水系统communication pipe引入管 a meter box 水表节点/盒pressure booster增压装置storage tank 储水箱 a piping line管道water-dispensing fixtures配水器具water meter 水表flange 法兰；阀门gate valve 闸阀deaerator除氧器incorporate 合并fixture trap 存水弯plumbing fixture 卫生器具manhole 检查井fire-protection 消防The function of a drainage system in a building is to remove safely and quickly sanitary sewage, industrial wastes, and rainwater.室内排水系统的作用是为了安全快速地排出生活污水、工业废水和雨水。

The pressure boosters serve to raise pressure in the house system when the guaranteed pressure in the supply main is lower than required to feed water to high-level and remote consumers.当市政给水管提供的压力低于较高或较远处用户需要的压力时，可在室内给水系统中设增压装置来提高压力。

A sanitary drainage system(Fixture4) consists essentially of plumbing fixtures 3(which receive and discharge water, liquid , or water-borne wastes) , fixture traps 2 (which maintain a water seal against gases, air , and odours), and drainage piping 1.生活排水系统（图4）的基本组成包括：卫生器具3（用于接收和排出污水、液体或水中携带的废物）、存水弯2（保存一定量的水以防止有害气体、空气和臭味逸出）和排水管系1。

3】Infiltrate 渗入penetrate渗透hydrology 水文学urban hydrologic cycle 城市水文循环surface runoff 地表径流water distribution systems 给水管网/分配系统configuration形式grid systems环状管网branching systems 枝状管网elevation高度、扬程leakage rates漏损率booster pumps增压泵pressure reducing valves 减压阀an essential prerequisite 必要条件hydraulic analysis 水力分析the continuity equation 连续性方程grid 格子the energy equation能量方程/伯努利方程head loss水头损失the dimensionless number无量纲数eliminate消去external discharges外部流量 a correction factor 校正因子/流量topography地形学The summation “q” sub “i” is zero.Positive/negative 正/负preclude 排除junction 交点right angle 直角Our ancestors learned enjoy the convenience of water piped to the home and drains for water-carried waters.我们的祖先学会并享受管道带来的便利，给水管道将水送至住宅，排水管道将污水排走。

The function of a drainage system in a building is to remove safely and quickly sanitary sewage, industrial water, and rainwater.室内排水系统的作用是为了安全快速地排出生活污水，工业废水和雨水。

Distribution systems may be generally classified as grid systems, branching systems, or a combination of these. The configuration of the system is dictated primarily by street patterns, topography, degree and type of development of the area, and location of treatment and storage works.配水（给水管网）系统一般可分为环状管网、枝状管网或这两种的联合形式。

给水管网的结构形式主要有街道形式、地形条件、该地区的发展程度、类型及水处理厂和水库的位置等决定。

Water demand is highly variable , both by day and season. Supply, by contrast, is normally constant. Consequently, the distribution system must include storage elements, and must be capable of flexible operation.由于每日、每月及每个季节的用水量变化幅度很大，而供水量一般又都是固定的，因此，配水系统就一定要有储水构筑物，而且要有一定的灵活调节能力。

Water pressure within the system are normally kept between a maximum(about 70m head) and a minimum ( about 20m head ) value. This ensures that consumer demand is met, and that undue leakage due to excessive pressure does not occur. The topography of the demand area plays an important part in the design of the distribution system, particularly if there are large variations of ground levels. In this case, several independent networks may be required to keep within pressure limitations. For greater operational flexibility, however, they are usually interconnected through booster pumps or pressure reducing valves.管网中水压通常保持在最大水压（约70m水柱）和最小水压（约20m水柱）之间。

这样既能满足用户的水压要求又能避免因高压引起不必要的泄漏。

用水地区的地形情况在管网设计中起着非常重要的作用，尤其是在地面标高变化很大的地区。

因此，为了保证管网中水压在限定水压范围内，管网可能需要分成几个独立的配水系统。

但是，为了使操作更加灵活，通常可以将几个独立的配水系统用增压泵或减压阀连接起来。

4】The Reynolds Number 雷诺数The standards for water quality have significantly increased concurrent with a marked decrease in raw-water quality.原水水质明显降低的同时，水质标准却大大提高了。

5】Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)安全饮用水法drinking water standards 饮用水标准by-products of chlorination氯化副产物maximum permissible levels (of) 最大允许含量the esthetic qualities 感官特性maximum contaminant levels (MCLs)最大污染物浓度volatile organic compounds(VOCs) 挥发性有机化合物filtration 过滤filter 滤池the threshold odor number臭阈值suspend悬浮Turbidity is a particularly important parameter of drinking water quality. Suspended particles can provide hiding places for harmful microorganisms and thereby shield them from the disinfection process in a water treatment plant. Because of this shielding effect, the microbes canbe consumed by people who drink the water, and the spread of disease may result.浊度对于饮用水水质是尤为重要的。