无机非金属材料专业英语复习题
高三英语材料科学单选题60题
高三英语材料科学单选题60题1.Metal is a common material in engineering. Which of the following is not a metal?A.ironB.aluminumC.glassD.copper答案：C。
本题考查材料科学中金属的概念。
铁（iron）、铝（aluminum）和铜（（copper）都是常见的金属。
而玻璃（（glass）是一种非金属材料，主要由硅酸盐等组成。
2.Which material is often used for insulation?A.steelB.plasticC.goldD.silver答案：B。
在材料科学中，塑料（（plastic）常被用作绝缘材料。
钢（steel）、金（（gold）和银（（silver）都是导电性能较好的金属材料，不适合用于绝缘。
3.In the field of materials science, which one is a composite material?A.woodB.paperC.concreteD.water答案：C。
混凝土（（concrete）是一种复合材料，由水泥、骨料和水等组成。
木头（（wood）是天然材料。
纸（（paper）主要由纤维素等组成，不是复合材料。
水（water）是一种化合物，不是复合材料。
4.Which material is known for its high hardness?A.rubberB.leatherC.diamondD.cloth答案：C。
在材料科学中，钻石（（diamond）以其高硬度而闻名。
橡胶（rubber）、皮革（leather）和布（cloth）的硬度都较低。
5.Which of the following materials is ductile?A.brickB.glassC.copperD.stone答案：C。
在材料科学中，铜（（copper）是一种具有延展性（（ductile）的金属材料。
无机材料专业英语Unit 1 and Unit 2
Unit 1 Materials Science and EngineeringMaterials science材料科学Stone age石器时代Naked eye肉眼Bronze age铜器时代Optical property光学性能Integrated circuit集成电路Mechanical strength机械强度Thermal conductivity导热“Materials science” involves investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials. In contrast ,”materials engineering “is ,on the basis of there structure property correlations ,designing or engineering the structure of a material that produce a predetermined set of properties。
，材料工程是根据材料的结构和性质的关系来设计或操纵材料的结构以求制造出一系列可预定的性质。
从功能方面来说，材料科学家的作用是发展或合成新的材料Virtually all important properties of solid materials may be grouped into six different categories: mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical ,and deteriorative。
固体材料的所有重要的性质可以分成六个不同的种类，机械性能、电性能、热性能、磁性能、光性能和内耗。
In addition to structure and properties , two other important components are involved in the sciences and engineering of materials , namely“processing”and“performance”.除了组织性能之外，另外两个重要的性质也包括在材料科学和工程之中，即“加工”和“特性”The more familiar an engineer or scientist is with the various characteristics and structure-property relationship，as well as processing techniques of material，the more proficient and confident he or she will be to make judicious materials choices based on these criteria。
无机非金属材料工程专业英语 第2章
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
LearningObjectives
After careful study of this chapter you should be able to do the following: 1. Name the two atomic models cited, and note the differences between them. 2. Describe the important quantum-mechanical principle （量子 理论）that relates to electron energies. 3. (a) Schematically plot attractive, repulsive, and net energies versus interatomic separation for two atoms or ions. (b) Note on this plot the equilibrium separation and the bonding energy. 4. (a) Briefly describe ionic, covalent, metallic, hydrogen, and van der Waals bonds. (b) Note what materials exhibit each of these bonding types.
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Chapter 2 Atomic Structure and Interatomic Bonding
Covalent Bond(SiO2 B2O3)
无机非金属材料工程专业英语作业
日产5000吨熟料生产线生料车间的工艺设计
粉煤灰-矿渣体系胶凝材料的制备及其性能研究
粉煤灰对复合水泥性能的影响研究
5000t/d熟料生产线石灰石破碎车间工艺设计
国内外先进水泥企业清洁生产实施现状分析
清洁生产在我国水泥企业中推行现状研究
影响粉煤灰混凝土流变性因素的研究
减水剂的种类和添加量对粘土泥浆流动性能的影响研究
年产200万吨水泥粉磨站矿渣粉磨车间工艺设计
水泥窑用硅莫砖的试验研究
2500t/d新型干法水泥厂煤粉制备车间工艺设计
碳化硅加入量及粒度对红柱石浇注料性能影响的试验研究
铝硅系浇注料热态强度影响因素的研究
微粉加入量及其种类对红柱石浇注料性能的影响
碱渣制备便道砖工艺研究
无机非金属材料工程专业英语作业
设计（论文）题目（汉译英）下周二上课要提问哟！
磐石水泥4000t/d熟料新型干法水泥厂煤粉制备车间工艺设计
磐石4000t/d熟料新型干法水泥厂烧成系统窑尾部分工艺设计
磐石4000t/d熟料新型干法水泥厂石灰石破碎系统工艺设计
磐石4000t/d熟料新型干法水泥厂生料粉磨车间工艺设计
溶胶-凝胶法制备ZnO-B2O3-SiO2玻璃的研究
溶胶-凝胶法制备CaO-P2O5-SiO2玻璃的制备工艺研究
复合催化剂对粉煤燃烧特性的影响
日产4600吨熟料新型干法水泥厂工艺流程设计
粉煤灰水泥水化过程模拟的实现
矿渣水泥水化过程模拟的实现
5000t/d新型干法水泥厂煤矩形预均化堆场工艺设计
5000t/d新型干法水泥厂石灰石破碎车间工艺设计
粉煤灰生物陶粒的制备及其污水处理的研究
建筑废弃物资源化综合利用的研究
无机非金属材料工程专业英语 第6章
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Introduction
Many materials or components, e.g. road wheels of a car, when in service , are subjected to forces or loads. In such situations it is necessary to know the characteristics of the material and to design the member from which it is made such that any resulting deformation will not be excessive and fracture will not occur . The mechanical behavior of a material reflects the relationship between its response or deformation to an applied load or force. Important mechanical properties are strength, hardness, ductility, and stiffness.
in which l0 is the original length（原始长度） before any load is applied, and li is the instantaneous length（瞬时长 度）. Sometimes the quantity li－l0 is denoted as Δl, and is the deformation elongation or change in length at some instant, as referenced to the original length. Engineering strain (subsequently called just strain) is unitless （无量纲）, but meters per meter or inches per inch are often used.
无机非金属材料工程专业英语
无机非金属材料工程专业英语一、无机非金属材料概论中文英文无机非金属材料inorganic non-metallic materials 定义definition分类classification组成composition结构structure性能properties制备方法preparation methods应用领域application fields陶瓷ceramics玻璃glass耐火材料refractories水泥cement石膏gypsum石棉asbestos碳素材料carbon materials石墨graphite碳纤维carbon fiber碳纳米管carbon nanotube钻石diamond全氟聚合物fluoropolymer聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)聚偏氟乙烯polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)聚合物陶瓷polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs)氧化物陶瓷oxide ceramics氧化铝alumina (Al2O3)氧化锆zirconia (ZrO2)氧化镁magnesia (MgO)氧化钛titania (TiO2)非氧化物陶瓷non-oxide ceramics氮化硅silicon nitride (Si3N4)氮化铝aluminium nitride (AlN)碳化硅silicon carbide (SiC)碳化钨tungsten carbide (WC)碳化钛titanium carbide (TiC)二、物理化学中文英文物理化学physical chemistry物质matter结构structure组成composition性质properties变化规律laws of change分子运动论kinetic theory of molecules分子molecule原子atom离子ion气体gas液体liquid固体solid理想气体ideal gas真实气体real gas相平衡phase equilibrium相phase相图phase diagram相规则phase rule单元系unary system二元系binary system三元系ternary system溶液理论solution theory溶液solution溶剂solvent溶质solute浓度concentration摩尔分数mole fraction理想溶液ideal solution非理想溶液non-ideal solutionRaoult定律Raoult's lawHenry定律Henry's law三、无机材料科学基础中文英文无机材料科学基础fundamentals of inorganic materials science 无机材料inorganic materials结构structure性能properties结构-性能关系structure-property relationship晶体结构crystal structure晶体系统crystal system点阵类型lattice type空间群space group单胞参数lattice parameters基元胞primitive cell单位胞unit cell四、热工基础中文英文热工基础thermal engineering fundamentals热力学thermodynamics传热学heat transfer流体力学fluid mechanics热工学科thermal engineering disciplines 热力学第一定律first law of thermodynamics热力学第二定律second law of thermodynamics 热力系统thermodynamic system系统边界system boundary系统状态system state状态方程equation of state过程process循环cycle工作物质working substance理想气体ideal gas气体常数gas constant温度temperature压力pressure体积volume内能internal energy热容heat capacity比热容specific heat capacity焓enthalpy熵entropy自由能free energy吉布斯函数Gibbs function卡诺循环Carnot cycle热效率thermal efficiency 反向卡诺循环reversed Carnot cycle制冷系数coefficient of performance传导传热heat conduction傅里叶定律Fourier's law热导率thermal conductivity热阻thermal resistance稳态传热steady-state heat transfer非稳态传热transient heat transfer对流传热heat convection对流换热系数convection heat transfer coefficient 力对流forced convection自然对流natural convection努塞尔特数Nusselt number辐射传热heat radiation斯特藩-玻尔兹曼定律Stefan-Boltzmann law黑体blackbody发射率emissivity吸收率absorptivity反射率reflectivity透射率transmissivity灰体graybody视域因子view factor流体静力学fluid statics流体fluid密度density粘度viscosity表面张力surface tension液压hydrostatics帕斯卡定律Pascal's law流体运动方程equations of fluid motion质量守恒方程continuity equation动量守恒方程momentum equation能量守恒方程energy equation雷诺数Reynolds number理想流体ideal fluid实际流体real fluid层流laminar flow湍流turbulent flow边界层boundary layer阻力drag升力lift伯努利方程Bernoulli's equation皮托管Pitot tube五、无机非金属材料物理性能中文英文无机非金属材料物理性能physical properties of inorganic non-metallic materials 电学性能electrical properties磁学性能magnetic properties光学性能optical properties声学性能acoustic properties热学性能thermal properties电导率electrical conductivity电阻率electrical resistivity电容率electrical capacitance介电常数dielectric constant压电效应piezoelectric effect热电效应thermoelectric effect光电效应photoelectric effect半导体性质semiconductor properties铁电性质ferroelectric properties磁导率magnetic permeability磁化率magnetic susceptibility磁滞回线hysteresis loop铁磁性质ferromagnetic properties反铁磁性质antiferromagnetic properties顺磁性质paramagnetic properties抗磁性质diamagnetic properties光学常数optical constants折射率refractive index反射率reflectance吸收率absorbance透射率transmittance色散现象dispersion phenomenon双折射现象birefringence phenomenon声速sound velocity声阻抗acoustic impedance。
无机非金属材料工程专业英语-第1章
Contemporary 当代 Stimulus 激励，刺激 Opaque 不透明 Translucent 半透明 Transparent 透明 Deep-seated 根深蒂固的，深层的 Existence 存在, 实在, 生活, 存在物, 实在物 Sophisticated 复杂的 Forerunner 先驱(者), 传令官, 预兆 Intimately 密切地
These include metals, plastics, glasses, and fibers.
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
ceramics
porcelain
The ugly bowl and the beautiful cup are different in appearance, but do you know the bowl is the ancestor of the cup if trace back to 7000 years ago?
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Elaboration 解释，阐述 Stepwise楼梯式的, 逐步的 Recreation 消遣, 娱乐 segment段, 节, 片断 Deteriorative 恶化，变质，
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
For example, automobiles would not have been possible without the availability （利 用）of inexpensive steel or some other comparable substitute.
The professional English for Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials(无机非金属专业一些专业词汇)
The Professional English for Inorganic Nonmetallic MaterialsA.Translation1.We define ceramics as the art and science of making and using solid articles which have as their essentialcomponent ,and are composed in large part of, inorganic nonmetallic materials.我们把陶瓷学定义为制造和应用由无机非金属材料作为基本组分组成的固体制品的技术和科学。
2.The origination of novel ceramic materials and new methods of manufacture requires us to take afundamental approach to the art and science and a broad view of the field.新颖的陶瓷材料和新的制造方法的出现，要求我们对这种技艺和科学进行基础性的探讨，并且要对相关领域有更广泛的认识。
3.Perhaps even more important than being useful or necessary of themselves are those situations inwhich the feasibility or effectiveness of a large system depends critically on its ceramic components.也许比陶瓷本身的实用性或必要性更为重要的是，一个大的系统是否切实可行或有效，在很大程度上取决于这一系统中所使用的陶瓷组件。
4.This leverage in the importance of ceramic materials has in many cases led to intensive research toward abetter understanding of properties, often out of all proportion to their dollar value.在很多情况下，陶瓷材料所具有的举足轻重的地位导致了对其进行深入的研究，以便更好地了解它的性能。
无机非金属材料专业英语复习题
无机非金属材料专业英语复习题材料科学与工程专业英语（要懂得变通，背了的词组里有些词可以换了以后变成另一个词，背词组建议把词组拆开背会各词的意思。
）一、二单词、词组翻译（英译汉'15'2=30⨯）⨯汉译英'1515'1=单词：1 H 氢Hydrogen 11 Na 钠Sodium2 He 氦Helium 12 Mg 镁Magnesium3 Li 锂Lithium 13 Al 铝Aluminum4 Be 铍Beryllium 14 Si 硅Silicon5 B 硼Boron 15 P 磷Phosphorus6 C 碳Carbon 16 S 硫Sulfur7 N 氮Nitrogen 17 Cl 氯Chlorine8 O 氧Oxygen 18 Ar 氩Argon9 F 氟Fluorine 19 K 钾Potassium10 Ne 氖Neon 20 Ca 钙Calciumbarium nitrate硝酸钡magnesium carbonate 碳酸镁manganese sulfate硫酸锰（此处结构注意后面酸的写法，前面元素可换）PS：常用单词Mechanical 力学的magnetic 磁学的electrical 电学的thermal 热学的Optical 光学的deteriorative 化学的carbonate碳酸calcium carbonate 碳酸钙oxide 氧化物nitride 氮化物Carbide 碳化物Processing 加工stiffness 刚度toughness 韧性structure 结构property 性质performance 性能strength 强度density 密度ceramic 陶瓷plastic 塑料semiconductor 半导体polymer 聚合物metal 金属alloy 合金composite 复合材料Atomic 原子的electronic 电子的phase 相PS:加粗的必掌握。
无机非金属材料专业英语
被铝取代的氧O2-ion replaced by Al3+比热specific heat波函数wave function玻璃态的vitreous玻璃组成glass composition 不完整的配位incomplete coordination长石feldspar成对电子paired electrons 初晶相the primary phase 磁光效应magneto-optic effect缔合缺陷associated defects 电导conductivity电光效应electro-optic effect电子空穴electron holes电子排布electronconfiguration断裂韧性fracture-toughness二价阳离子divalentcation钙铝硅酸盐玻璃calcium-aluminateglass刚性体rigid body锆英石zircon共沉淀和过饱和coprecipitationandsupersaturation共价键covalent bonds固体电解质Solid electrolyte硅铝酸盐alumina-silica红外投射infraredtransmission互溶体mutual solution化学方程式chemical formulate碱金属alkali metal碱金属硅酸盐玻璃alkali silicateglass碱金属卤化物hailde of alkalimetals角连接的硅氧四面体[SiO4]tetrahedrawith shared corners介电常数、强度、损耗dielectricconstant、strength、losses紧密堆积结构closed-packedstructure近似立方紧密堆积nearly cubicclose-packedstructure净化工艺purificatinprocedures颗粒尺寸分布particle sizedistribution颗粒的重排和团聚particlerearrangement andagglomerate快离子导体Fast ion conductor冷却速率cooling rate离子键ionic bonds链状排列chain arrangement莫来石mullite母体玻璃parent glass钠钙硅玻璃soda-lime-silicaglass配位数coordinationnumber喷雾干燥和煅烧spray-drying andcalcination缺乏absence of缺陷化学defect chemistry热历史the thermal history热能thermal energy热膨胀系数thermal expansioncoefficient熔点melting point软化范围softening range三元系统the ternary system受控结晶controlledcrystallization水软化water softener四面体tetrahedron体积核化volume nucleation退火玻璃annealing glass退火和烧结温度annealing andsinteringtemperature网络结构network structure网络条整体network modifier相图phase diagram学说theory学说解释account for压敏电阻和热敏电阻varistor andthermistor亚原子粒子subatomicparticles衍生结构derivationstructure阳离子cation氧化锆陶瓷zirconia-basedceramics氧离子oxygen ions液相温度liquidustemperature一价阴离子univalent anion异质核化heter ogeneousnucleation阴离子anion阴离子空位vacant anion sites有效电荷effective charges折射率和色散index of refractionand dispersion中间体intermediate转变温度transmissiontemperatureact as作为，冲当aggregation of finepowder细粉团聚alumina-silica铝硅酸盐as compared to与…比较ball-milled powers球磨粉末be based on以…为基础be regarded as被认为是chanrgedinterstitial site带电间隙位chemical formulate化学方程式cohesive fore内聚力commence with从……开始effectivelyneutral charge有效中性点荷fireclay products黏土烧制产品framework框架结构glassy andcrystalline grainboundary phases玻璃相和晶界相hexagonalclosed-packedstructure六方紧密堆积结构host lattice主晶格hot uniaxialpressing单轴热压hybridization ofthe atomic orbitals原子杂化轨道in particular of特别尤其in spite of尽管isotronic均质的isotrophicsubstitution均匀取代layed structure层状结构Low temperaturemodifications低温变体non-metal非金属octahedral hole八面体空隙olivine minerals橄榄石矿物on the basis of 以…为基础point defects点缺陷quantum mechanics 量子力学shrinkage and densification收缩和致密化solid solution固溶体tetrahedral coordinations四面体配位tetrahedral site 四面体位置Three dimensiona models三维结构模型transmission of light beams透过光束transparency、translucency、opacity透明、半透明、不透明universal acceptance普遍认可vacancy pair空位对Van der Waals forces范德华力vice versa反之亦然。
Unit2SilicateStructures无机非金属专业英语
Unit2 Silicate StructuresAtomic arrangement in hundreds of silicates having complex chemical compositions have in their basic structures a beautiful simplicity and order. At the same time the details of many of the silicate structures are complex and difficult to illustrate without three-dimensional models, and we will not attempt to give precise structure information.The radius ratio for Si-O is 0.29, corresponding to tetrahedral coordination, and four oxygen ions are almost invariably arrayed around a central silicon. With a bond strength of 1, oxygen ions may be coordinated with only two silicon atoms in silica; this low coordination number makes close-packed structures impossible for SiO2, and in general silicates have more open structures than those discussed previously. The SiO4tetrahedra can be linked in compounds such as corners are shared in several ways. There are four general types. In orthosilicates, [SiO4]4-, tetrahedra are independent of one another; in pyrosilicates ,[Si2O7]6- ions are composed of two tetrahedra with one corner shared; in metasilicates, SiO3(SiO3)n, two corners are shared to form a variety of ring or chain structures; in layer structures,(Si2O5)n, layers are made up of tetrahedra with three shares corners; in the various forms of silica, SiO2, four corners are shared.silica. Crystalline silica, SiO2, exists in several different polymorphic forms corresponding to different ways of combining tetrahedral groups with all corners shared. Three basic structures—quartz、tridymite、cristobalite—each exists in two or three modifications . The most stable forms are low quartz , below 573C ;high quartz ,573 to 867C;high tridymite,867 to 1470C;high cristobalite ,1470 to 1710C;and liquid ,above 1710C;and liquid , above 1710C .The low temperature modifications are distorted derivative structures of the basic high—temperature forms .(A derivative structure in the sense is one that can be derived from a basic structure of greater symmetry by distorting the structure in space rather than substituting different chemical species) We confine our attention to the basic high—temperature forms .High quartz has a structure which can be viewed as composed of connected chains of silica tetrahedra. Compared to the close packed structures discussed in the last section ,this is a relatively open structure; for example ,the density of quartz is 2.65g/cm3,compared with 3.59 for MgO and 3.96 for Al2O3 .However ,quartz has a greater density and closer packing than either of the high—temperature forms, tridymites(p=2.26)and cristobalite(p=2.32)Orthosilicates. This group includes the olivine minerals (forsterite,Mg2SiO4, and solid solutions with Fe2SiO4), the garnets, zircon, and the aluminosilicates-kyanite, silimanite, andalusite, and mullite. The structure of forsterite, Mg2SiO4, is similar to that found for chrysoberyl, Al2BeO4.The oxygen ions are nearly in a hexagonal close-packed structure with Mg2+ in octahedral and Si4+ in tetrahedral sites. (From a coordination point of view this assembly can also be considered an array of SiO4 tetrahedra with Mg2+ ions in the octahedral holes) .Each oxygen ion is coordinated with one Si4+ and three Mg2+ or with two Si4+.The structure of kyanite, Al2SiO5, consists of nearly cubic close-packed oxygen ions with Si4+ in tetrahedrl and Al3+ in octahedral sites. However, in the polmorphic forms andalusite and sillimanite have much more open structures, with SiO4tetrahedra coordinated with AlO6octahedral. Mullite, Al6Si2O13 , a common constituent of fired clay, has a structure similar to that of sillimanite (compare Al16Si8O40 and Al18Si6O39) .Pyrosilicate. Crystalline silicates containing Si2O76- ions are rare.Metasilicates. Silicates containing (SiO3)n2n-ions are of two types-cyclic or chain arrangements of the silica tetrahedra. Some of the discrete cyclic ions observed are the Si3O96- (such as in wollastonite, CaSiO3) and Si6O1812- (in bery1,BeAl2Si6O18) ions. Minerals with chain structures comprise a large group. Those with compositions corresponding to singlechain,(SiO3)n2n-, are the pyroxenes , and those with double chains,(Si4O11)n6n-,the amphiboles. The pyroxenes include enstatite, MgSiO3 ; dropsied ,MgCa(SiO3)2; spodumene,LiAl(SiO3)2; and jadeite .The amphiboles include tremolite ,(OH)2CaMg5(Si4O11)2, in which isomorhic substitution is widespread. The asbestos minerals are amphiboles. Framework Structures. Many important silicate structures are based on an infinite three dimensional silica framework. Among these are the feldspars and the zeolites. The feldspars are characterized by a framework formed with Al3+ replacing some of the Si4+ to make a framework with a net negative charge that is balanced by large ions in interstitial positions, that is,albite,NaAlSi3O8;anorthite,CaAl2Si2O8;orthoclase,KalSi3O8;celsian,BaAl2S i2O8; and the like .The network structures are similar in nature to the cristobalite structure ,with the alkali or alkaline earth ions fitting into interstices. Only the large positive ions are from feldspars; smaller ones that enjoy octahedral coordination are from chains or layer silicates.Much more open alumina-silica frameworks occur in the zeolites and ultramarines. In these compounds the framework is sufficiently open for there to be relatively large channels in the structure .The alkali and alkaline earth ions present can be exchanged in aqueous solutions, leading to there use as water softeners. In addition ,these channels can be used as molecularsieves for filtering mixtures on the basis of molecular size. The size of the channels in the network depends on the composition.硅酸盐结构单元原子排列在数以百计的硅酸盐有复杂的化学成分的基本结构一个美丽的简单性和秩序。
无机非金属材料基础知识单选题100道及答案解析
无机非金属材料基础知识单选题100道及答案解析1. 下列材料中，属于无机非金属材料的是（）A. 塑料B. 橡胶C. 玻璃D. 合成纤维答案：C解析：玻璃是典型的无机非金属材料，塑料、橡胶、合成纤维属于有机高分子材料。
2. 陶瓷的主要成分是（）A. 二氧化硅B. 硅酸盐C. 氧化铝D. 氧化镁答案：B解析：陶瓷的主要成分是硅酸盐。
3. 水泥的主要成分是（）A. 硅酸三钙、硅酸二钙、铝酸三钙B. 碳酸钠、碳酸钙C. 氧化钙、氧化镁D. 氯化钠、氯化钙答案：A解析：水泥的主要成分是硅酸三钙、硅酸二钙、铝酸三钙。
4. 下列不属于传统无机非金属材料的是（）A. 玻璃B. 光导纤维C. 陶瓷D. 水泥答案：B解析：光导纤维属于新型无机非金属材料，玻璃、陶瓷、水泥属于传统无机非金属材料。
5. 生产玻璃的原料是（）A. 纯碱、石灰石、石英B. 烧碱、石灰石、石英C. 纯碱、生石灰、石英D. 烧碱、生石灰、石英答案：A解析：生产玻璃的原料是纯碱、石灰石、石英。
6. 下列物质中，属于新型无机非金属材料的是（）A. 钢化玻璃B. 碳化硅陶瓷C. 石英玻璃D. 硼酸盐玻璃答案：B解析：碳化硅陶瓷属于新型无机非金属材料，钢化玻璃、石英玻璃、硼酸盐玻璃属于传统无机非金属材料。
7. 硅是带来人类文明的重要元素之一，下列物质中主要成分是硅酸盐的是（）A. 大理石B. 水晶C. 陶瓷D. 金刚石答案：C解析：陶瓷的主要成分是硅酸盐，大理石主要成分是碳酸钙，水晶主要成分是二氧化硅，金刚石是碳单质。
8. 下列关于无机非金属材料的说法中，不正确的是（）A. 耐高温B. 耐腐蚀C. 硬度小D. 一般不是电的良导体答案：C解析：无机非金属材料一般具有耐高温、耐腐蚀、硬度大的特点，多数不是电的良导体。
9. 下列材料中，属于新型无机非金属材料的是（）A. 高强度水泥B. 钢化玻璃C. 氧化铝陶瓷D. 普通玻璃答案：C解析：氧化铝陶瓷属于新型无机非金属材料，高强度水泥、钢化玻璃、普通玻璃属于传统无机非金属材料。
无机非金属材料专业英语-宝石的力学性能.
3、In certain minerals, this difference in strength is sufficient to allow the crystal to split, parallel to the densely packed planes, when appropriate force is applied.
Unit 27 Mechanical Properties of Gemstones
宝石的力学性能
1、Gemstones may show mechanical characteristics as a result of the application of force, for example gemstones may be damaged, broken and, in some cases, be divided into two or more pieces, etc.
由于施加的力所致，宝石可能会表现出 力学特征，如在一些情况下宝石可能被 损害、破碎、被分成两片或者多片等。
Mechanical properties involved in gemology are cleavage, parting and fracture, hardness, density.
由于断裂是微弱原子结合的方向性特征，晶体 中任何平行于原子层的方向都是潜在的断裂面， 虽然大多数矿物质在这些不同位面的分裂会受 到限制。
It is for this reason that cleavage is a highly diagnostic feature, possessed to a marked degree by only a few gemstones.
无机非金属材料工程专业英语 第7章
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Slip 滑移 Slip system 滑移系 Recrystallization 再结晶 solid-solution strengthening 固溶强化 strain hardening 应变强化 strengthening by grain size reduction 细晶强化 annealing 退火 temper 回火 quench 淬火 ageing 时效
The motion of a screw dislocation in response to the applied shear stresses shown in Fig.7.2b. the direction of movement is perpendicular to the stress direction. For an edge, motion is parallel to the shear stress. However, the net plastic deformation for the motion of both dislocation types is the same. The direction of motion of the mixed dislocation line is neither perpendicular nor parallel to the applied stress, but lies somewhere in between.
2. Basic concepts of dislocations
Plastic deformation corresponds to the motion of large numbers of dislocations. An edge dislocation moves in response to a shear stress applied in a direction perpendicular to its line. In an edge dislocation, localized lattice distortion exists along the end of an extra half-plane of atoms. The mechanics of dislocation motion are represented in Fig.7.1
无机非金属材料工程专业英语 第8章
Why study failure?
Air plane or car crash, bridge breaking, machine breaking down are all, to some sense, related to the failure of engineering materials. The best way to prevent such in-service failures is to study the mechanics of the various failure modes and design the structures or components appropriately.
Key knowledge points:
INTRODUCTION The failure of engineering materials is almost always an undesirable event for several reasons; these human lives that are put in jeopardy (Risk of loss or injury; peril or danger), economic losses, and the interference with the availability of products and services. Even though the causes of failure and the behavior of materials may be known, prevention of failure is difficult to guarantee.
பைடு நூலகம்
试题-无机材料专业外语-B卷
考试方式：闭卷Array太原理工大学现代科技学院无机非金属专业外语-B 试卷1、Defect:2、Glass:3、Ceramic:4、Surface:5、Bond:6、Crystal:7、Concrete: 8、Cement: 9、Inorganic:10、Phase: 11、Colloid: 12、Solid:13、Clinker: 14、Electron: 15、chemistry:第二、短语翻译:（20分）1、0.1%:2、摄氏度:3、a n:4、1/4:5、1+1=2:6、米:7、2×2=4：8、Silica：Silicon: Silicate: (三选一)：9、Aluminum：10、分钟:第三、纠错题，即请找出每句话中的两个语法错误：（20分）1、Coat a dormant material is an method for controlling the rate of corrosion.2、Since the electric neutrality must be conserved, the crystal alway simultaneously contains atoms that donates electrons and atoms that accept charged anions.3、So that their outer shell have either lost excess electrons nor has been filled with a total of eight第 1 页共4 页electrons.4、Portland cements is made by heat a mixture of limestone and clay to about 1450 °C. Partial fusion occur, and nodules of clinker are produced.5、In some crystals, the atoms is present in a state where they electron system is similar to that of a rare gas.第四、排序题：（10分）(a) Compared to the closed packed structures discussed in the last section, this is a relatively open structure.(b) Quartz has a structure, which can be viewed as composed of connected chains of silica tetrahedral.(c) Crystalline silica exists in several different polymorphic forms---quartz、tridymite and cristobalite.(d) However, quartz has a greater density and closer packing than either of the high-temperature forms, tridymite (2.26) and cristobalite (2.32).(e) For example, the density of quartz is 2.65 g/cm3, compared with 3.59 for MgO and 3.96 for Al2O3.请你就认为正确的顺序排序：、、、、。
材料专业英语试题
试题1 (15分,每题1分) 将下列专业英语词汇(词组)翻译成汉语(1)hot-rolled热轧的(2)alloy合金(3)thermoplastic热塑性(4)core核心(5)toughness韧性( 6)ductility延展性(7)fuse保险丝(8)electrode电极(9)superplasticity超塑性(10)yield strength屈服强度（11）electron microscope电子显微镜(12)equiaxed grain等轴晶（13）amorphous glassy structure无定形的玻璃状结构(14)three-plate mold三板模具(15)electron beam welding电子束焊接试题2 (10分,每题2分) 下面是汉语的专业词汇，请将它们译成英语的专业词汇,试题中给出英语的第一个或几个字母，请写出余下字母。
例：设计 n. D----根据试题要求，填上余下字母，Design(1)材料 n. Ma------- Material(2)焊接 n. w----- Welding(3)性能 n. pro--- property(4)正火 n. nor---- Normalizing(5)应力 n. st----- Stress试题3 选择题(从下列选项中选择一个正确的词填入空格,10分，每题2分)1、-B-----has been first indicated by IL Mirkin in 1939, the formation of pearlite is the process of nucleation of pearlite and growth of pearlitic crystals.(A) Which (B)As (C)In (D) At2、Transformation proceeds ----A--a higher rate.(A) at (B) as (C)in (D)on3、----B-the other hand, it diminishes the rate of carbon diffusion ,and thus slows down the transformation.(A) at (B) on (C)in (D)with4、The properties of a steel are affected only –C--the actual grain size.(A)in (B) on (C)by (D)with5、Dominant factors influencing die wear are prescribed as wear coefficients –B--- the die and the workpiece, the surface pressures of the die, and the relative movement between the die and the workpiece.(A) to (B) between (C)in (D)as试题3（10分）写出下列句中专业词汇的汉语意思1、element常见意思为成分，在下列句中的汉语意思为：---------元素------All critical parts and elements, of which a high reliability is required, are made of metals, rather than of glass, plastics or stone.2、cast常见意思为投票，在下列句中的汉语意思为：------浇铸-------The attainment of desired mechanical and physical properties guides the selection of casting process and the metal or alloy to be cast.3、pig 常见意思为猪，在下列句中的汉语意思为：-------铸块- -----T Pig iron may contain 4％ of carbon.4、die 常见意思为死亡，在下列句中的汉语意思为：------压模---------In fine blanking,the breaking stress during shearing occurs only at the edges of the punch and die.5、draft 常见意思为草图，在下列句中的汉语意思为：---------------Copper-alloy forging can be made with less draft than steel,consequently,more complicated shapes can be produced.试题5 将下列句子译成汉语（10分，每小题2分）1、The principal element whose content is responsible for the properties of steels is carbon.碳元素是影响钢性能的主要元素。
材料科学专业英语复习题.docx
复习题1、On the basis of crystal structure, using the following equation and values of parameters, compute the theoretical density for sodium chloride (NaCI). How does this compare with its measured density? Measured density of NaCI is 2.16 g/cm3.Theoretical density formula:n' = the number of formula units1 within the unit cellSX C = the sum of the atomic weights of all cations in the formula unitSX A = the sum of the atomic weights of all anions in the formula unitV c = the unit cell volumeN A = Avogadro's number, 6.023 X 1023 formula units/mol4Na = 22.99 g/molA C} = 35.45 g/molr Na+ =0.102nm r c f= 0.18 InmONa+ O Cl-Solution:According to the structure of NaCI, each unit cell consist of 4 NaCI formula units. Therefore,n =4.Furthermore, since the unit cell of NaCI is cubic, therefore, V c=a3, a being the edge length of the unit cell. Again with referred to the structure of NaCI,a=2r Na++2r c fThus,V c=(2r Na++2r C i_)3Using the theoretical density formula,_ 〃'(4卬+ 4q)P = (2『3 + 2,C1 )3'A_ 4(22.99 + 35.45)~ [2(0.102 X 10~7) + 2(0.181 X 10-7)]3(6.023 X 1023)=2.14 g/cm3This value agrees fairly well with the experimental value.2、Calculate the number of vacancies per cubic meter in gold at 900°C. The energy for vacancy formation is 1.602xl0'19 J/atom. Furthermore, the density and atomic weight for Au are 18.63 g/cm3 (at 900°C) and 196.9 g/mol, respectively.N〃 = B (-新N v: number of equilibrium vacanciesN: total number of atomic sitesQ v: formation energy of a vacancyk: Boltzmann constant (1.38xlO'23J/K)T: temperature in KelvinSolution:In order to calculate the number of vacancies per cubic meter in gold at 900°C, it has to be known the total number of atomic sites per cubmic meter in gold first. N can be computed as,N=(18.63xl06g/m3/196.9 g/mol)x6.02xl023=5.7xl028Substituting the calculated N and other parameters into the equation, we have- ( 1.602 x 10T9 \N v = 5.7 x 1028 exp —~~——~——~~—— = 2.87 X 1024v 1.38 x 10-23 x (900 + 273)J3、Explain the relative orientation between Burgers vector and dislocation line for edge dislocation, screw dislocation, and mixed dislocation.Solution:For edge dislocation, Burgers vector is perpendicular to the dislocation line.For screw dislocation, Burgers vector is parallel to the dislocation line.For mixed dislocation, the angle between Burgers vector and dislocation is higher than 0° but lower than 90°.4、For both FCC and BCC crystal structures, there are two different types of interstitial sites. In each case, one site is larger than the other; and is normally occupied by impurity atoms. For FCC, this larger one is located at the center of each edge of the unit cell; it is termed an octahedral interstitial site. On the other hand, with BCC the larger site type is found at positions 0 % %; it is termed a tetrahedral interstitial site. For both FCC and BCC crystal structures, compute the radius r of an impurity atom that will just fit into one of these sites in terms of the atomic radius R of the host atom.Solution:Assuming the lattice parameter of both FCC and BCC crystal structures is a.Then, for FCC structure, a 2 + a 2 = (4R)2For octahedral interstitial position, 1， L 、r 0 = -(2V2R - 2R )= 0.414RFor tetragonal interstitial position, I a o a~ a~~「T =北产 + 0 + (J = °・225RFor BCC structure, a 2 + a 2 + a 2 = (4R)2For octahedral interstitial position, 1/4V3 \r 0 - 2(~R-2R ) = 0・155RFor tetragonal interstitial position,2V3 , V3 o (—R)2 + (—R)2 - R = 0.291R O sites T sitesBCCA copper-nickel alloy of composition 70 wt% Ni-30 wt% Cu is slowly heated from a temperature of 1300°C (2370°F).(a) At what temperature does the first liquid phase form?(b) What is the composition of this liquid phase?(c) At what temperature does complete melting of the alloy occur?(d) What is the composition of the last solid remaining prior to complete melting?Composition (at% Ni)(Cu) Composition (wt% Ni) (Ni)Is it possible to have a copper-nickel alloy that, at equilibrium, consists of an a phase of composition 37 wt% Ni-63 wt% Cu, and also a liquid phase of composition 20 wt% Ni-80 wt% Cu? If so, what will be the approximate temperature of the alloy? If this is not possible, explain why.Composition (at% Ni)(Cu) Composition (wt% Ni) (Ni)Solution：No, it is not possible to have such an alloy. From the phase diagram, it can be seen that if the composition of a phase is 37wt.%Ni-63wt.%Cu, at equilibrium, the corresponding composition of liquid phase should be 22wt.%Ni-78wt.%Cu.7、(a) Using the NaCl-H?。
无机非金属材料专业英语-宝石材料地质的介绍.
The core is under the highest pressure, and its temperature is higher than those of the mantle and crust. Because of these differences there are discontinuities and relative movement between these regions
其中的一些变化可能相对较快，比例火山，其 它的可能会需要数百年，如大陆板块的持续移 动。
Nevertheless, the formation is continuous.
不管怎样，构造是持续的。
The Composition of the Earth（地球组成）
15、There are 92 naturally occurring elements in the Earth's crust and, of those, eight account for approximately 98% of the crust.
这些材料是由风、雨和海水沉积而成， 或者是化学沉积，而后胶凝或压实形成 岩石。
These sedimentary rocks are chiefly limestone, clay, shale and sandstone.
这些沉积岩主要是石灰岩、黏土、页岩 和砂岩。
4、Granites, basalt and metamorphic rocks form the major part of the crust (the middle and lower layers).
以上这些因素以及万有引力和太阳系其它星球施加的 力被认为是形成这些自然现象如火山喷发、地震、板 块移动和地球板块挤压形成山脉和流域的原因。
材料学院专业外语试题
2007-2008学年第一学期末考试试题（A卷）课程名称：FUNDAMENTALS OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING一、填空题（20分）[每空0.5分]1The discipline of materials scien ce involves In contrast, materials engineeringis.2 金属材料的晶体结构主要包括: ,,,.3 物质中原子之间相互作用起源于原子核和电子间交互作用，根据电子围绕原子的分布方式，可以将这些作用力分为：,,,,.4 高分子材料的基本结构包括:,,,.5 Forming techniques of metallic materials commoninclude,,,and,.6 Hardness of materials is measured according thesemethods,,,.7 POLYMER ADDITIVES applied in polymer materials common includes,,,,and, .8 根据材料磁化率，可以把材料的磁性大致分为五类,,,,.10 Three different forming methods are used to fabricate glassproducts:,, and.11 自由基聚合方法是指，聚合过程包括三步,,.12 FORMING TECHNIQUES FOR PLASTICSincludes:,,and.二、问答题（40分）[每题8分]1 Give the electron configurations for the following ions: Fe2+, Cu+, Br- and S-2.2 什么叫复合材料？复合材料的优点有哪些？3 什么叫导电率？导电的机理是什么？聚合物导电率为什么比较低？4 金属材料成型方法选择主要依赖于什么因素？试述聚合物成型加工特点与优势？5 Briefly cite the main differences between ionic, covalent, and metallic bonding?三、计算题（40分）[每题10分]1 The number-average degree of polymerization of a polypropylene is 6789, Compute the number-average molecular weight?2 Zirconium has an HCP crystal structure and a density of 6.51 g/cm3.What is the volume of its unit cell in cubic meters?3 An n-type semiconductor is known to have an electron concentration of3×1018m-3.if the electron drift velocity is 100m/s in an electric field of 500V/m, calculate the conductivity of this material.4 The magnetization within a bar of some metal alloy is 3.2×105 A/m at an H field of50 A/pute the following:(a) The magnetic susceptibility.(b) The permeability.A卷答案一、填空题（20分）[每空0.5分]1 investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials. On the basis of these structure–property correlations, designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties.2体心立方（body-centered cubic）、面心立方(face-centered cubic)、密排六方(hexagonal close-packed)。
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材料科学与工程专业英语（要懂得变通，背了的词组里有些词可以换了以后变成另一个词，背词组建议把词组拆开背会各词的意思。
）一、二单词、词组翻译（英译汉'15'2=30⨯）⨯汉译英'1515'1=单词：1 H 氢Hydrogen11 Na 钠Sodium2 He 氦Helium 12 Mg 镁Magnesium3 Li 锂Lithium 13 Al 铝Aluminum4 Be 铍Beryllium 14 Si 硅Silicon5 B 硼Boron 15 P 磷Phosphorus6 C 碳Carbon16 S 硫Sulfur7 N 氮Nitrogen17 Cl 氯Chlorine8 O 氧Oxygen18 Ar 氩Argon9 F 氟Fluorine 19 K 钾Potassium10 Ne 氖Neon 20 Ca 钙Calciumbarium nitrate硝酸钡magnesium carbonate 碳酸镁manganese sulfate硫酸锰（此处结构注意后面酸的写法，前面元素可换）PS：常用单词Mechanical 力学的magnetic 磁学的electrical 电学的thermal 热学的Optical 光学的deteriorative 化学的carbonate碳酸calcium carbonate 碳酸钙oxide 氧化物nitride 氮化物Carbide 碳化物Processing 加工stiffness 刚度toughness 韧性structure 结构property 性质performance 性能strength 强度density 密度ceramic 陶瓷plastic 塑料semiconductor 半导体polymer 聚合物metal 金属alloy 合金composite 复合材料Atomic 原子的electronic 电子的phase 相PS:加粗的必掌握。
英译汉:Elastic modulus 弹性模量Stiffness and toughness 刚度和韧性，机械性能Naked eye肉眼Optical property 光学性质Thermal conductivity 热导率Mechanical strength 机械强度Transition elements 过渡元素magnetic permeability 磁导率Alkali metals 碱金属integrated circuit 集成电路Positively charged protons 正电荷质子specific gravity 比重The melting point 熔点conduction bands 导带The ion lattice 离子晶格polycrystalline ceramics 多晶陶瓷Composite materials 复合材料汉译英:Materials science and engineering 材料科学与工程1.257×10-6 1.257 times ten to negative six powerHigh-performance materials 高性能材料Microstructure 微观结构Macrostructure 宏观结构Chemical reaction 化学反应Atomic weight 原子量The boiling point 沸点Balanced electrical charge 电荷平衡Thermal conductivity 热导率Alkali-earth metals 碱土金属Electrical conductivity 导电性（电导率）Hotpressed ceramics 热压陶瓷Phase transformation 相变Dielectric constant 介电常数Heat capacity 热容Materials processing 材料加工Elastic modulus 弹性模量Magnetic radiation 电磁辐射Mechanical property 力学性质Glass transition temperature 玻璃转变温度词组：（加粗的是她提了的，英译汉还是汉译英都不确定）Solid material 固体材Nuclear charge 核电荷Electron microscope 电子显微镜lattice defect/imperfection 晶格缺陷High electrical resistivity 高电阻率Low lattice constant 低晶格常数一种常见的聚合物[ polyester 聚酯polyethylene (PE) 聚乙烯Poly vinyl chloride （PVC）聚氯乙烯Polycarbonate (PC) 聚碳酸酯Polystyrene (PS) 聚苯乙烯Epoxy 环氧树脂]三、四句子（英译汉'5⨯）'4=2015⨯汉译英'5'3=英译汉:1. “Materials Science ” involves investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials.In contrast, “Materials engieering ” involves, on the basis of these structure-property correlations,designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties.材料科学指的是研究存于材料的结构和性能的相互关系。
相反，材料工程指的是，在基于材料结构和性能的相互关系的基础上，开发和设计预先设定好具备若干性能的材料。
2.Virtually all important properties of solid materials may be grouped into six different categories：mechanical ,electrical, thermal ,magnetic , optical, and deteriorative.实际上，固体材料的所有重要性质可以概括分为六类：机械、电学、热学、磁学、光学和腐蚀降解性。
3.P38（2）5使磁力线相互分开，导致磁通量比真空小，这种材料被称为反磁性材料。
使磁通集中、相对磁导率大于1小于或等于10的材料被称为顺磁性材料；使磁通集中、相对磁导率大于10的材料被称为铁磁性材料。
汉译英:1.材料工程学主要解决材料的制造问题和材料的应用问题。
Material engineering mainly solve the problems of materials processing and materials application.磁性材料在第四单元（其他的多看看，尤其第一、二、三、四、九、十单元）五、段落（英译汉'10=⨯）2'201.什么是材料科学，什么是材料工程，二者的关系Sometimes it is useful to subdivide the discipline of materials science and engineering into materials science and materials engineering subdisciplines. Strictly speaking, ”materials science” involves investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and p roperties of materials. In contrast, ”materials engineering” involves, on the basis of these structure-property correlations, designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties. From a functional perspective, the role of a materials scientist is to develop or synthesize new materials,whereas a materials engineer is called upon to create new products or systems using existing materials and/or to develop techniques for processing materials. Most graduates in materials programs are trained to be both materials scientists and materials engineers. (P1 Materials Science and Engineering)有时候把材料科学与工程再细分为材料科学与材料工程的分支是十分有用的。
严格来讲，“材料科学”包含研究材料结构与性质间存在的关系。
相比之下，“材料工程”是根据材料的结构和性质间的关系来设计或改变材料的结构以制造出一系列可预先决定的性质。
从功能的角度来讲，材料科学家的任务是开发或合成新材料，然而材料工程师被要求用现有的材料去创造新产物和/或去开发材料加工方法。
大多数毕业生在材料专业的教学计划下被培养成材料科学家同时也是材料工程师。
2.多晶陶瓷的构成，相变，微观结构和加工过程之间的关系Polycrystalline ceramics have a structure consisting of many grains. The size, shape, and orientation of the grains play a key role in many of the macroscopic properties of these materials, for example, mechanical strength. In most ceramics, more than one phase is present, with each phase having its own structure, composition, and properties. Control of the type, size, distribution, and amount of these phases within the material provides a means to control properties. The microstructure of a ceramic is often a result of the way it was processed. For example, hotpressed ceramics often have very few pores. This may not be the case in sintered materials.（P99 第一段）多晶陶瓷的结构中包含很多晶粒。