4. Parallel Structure, Sn str problems 句子平行结构 句子结构问题

Parallel Structure 平行结构
• Be sure items are parallel. Ordinarily, ‘and’ and ‘but’ connect same grammatical elements, for example, two or more nouns, verbs, adjectives, phrases, or clauses. • NOT PARALLEL: At camp, we most enjoyed swimming, hiking, and how to play volleyball. • PARALLEL: At camp, we most enjoyed swimming, hiking, and playing volleyball. • NOT PARALLEL: Our dog Jolly is tiny, a rich brown coat, and a perky (自信的，得意洋洋的) disposition （性情）. • PARALLEL: Our dog Jolly is tiny, wears a rich brown coat, and has a perky disposition. • NOT PARALLEL: A good driver obeys the speed limit, is alert（警惕的）, and she takes no risks on the road. • PARALLEL: A good driver obeys the speed limit, is alert, and takes no risks on the road.
Run-On Sentence 接排句：没有标点符合， 也没有连接词；或者是用逗号连接两个完 整的句子。 • 1. The boys scored higher in maths the girls scored higher in verbal skills. • 2. The girls scored higher in math, the boys scored higher in verbal skills. • 3. Education is an elusive（令人困惑的） word, it often means different things to different people.
Sentence Structure Problems
• • • • 1. Sentence Fragments 残缺句 2. Run-On Sentence 接排句 3. Misplaced Modifiers 误置修饰语 4. Dangling Modifiers 悬垂修饰语
句子的基本特点：在语法和逻辑上是一个完 整的意义表达单位。有完整的主谓结构（至 少有一个主语和谓语） • 1. Since there is a lack of interest. There is a great lack of information. • 2. I look forward to holidays. For example, Thanksgiving and Christmas. • 3. Having no money and being lonely in the big city. • 4. The table was covered with fresh vegetables. Such as lettuce, carrots, and spinach.
Writing Tip: 并列结构中的成分必 须结构相同
• Please revise the following sentences: • 1. The duties of the job include baby-sitting, house-cleaning, and preparation of meals. • 2.James is a man of great creativity and who is considerate. • 3. Jane is young, enthusiastic and she has talent.
句子的基本特点：在语法和逻辑上是一个完 整的意义表达单位。有完整的主谓结构（至 少有一个主语和谓语） • 1. Since there is a lack of interest，there is a great lack of information. • 2. I look forward to holidays, for example, Thanksgiving and Christmas. • 3. Having no money and being lonely in the big city, the woman committed suicide. • 4. The table was covered with fresh vegetables such as lettuce, carrots, and spinach.
Misplaced Modifiers 误置修饰语
• He sold the old car to the man with leather seats. • Please give the book to the boy with blue cover. • The idea he mentioned at first sounded good. • He only suggested three rules for us to follow.
Dangling Modifiers 悬垂修饰语
要注意悬垂修饰语要与主语有逻辑关系
• Looking up at the sky, the sun went under a cloud. • To write well, good books must be read. • While climbing the hill, the rain began to fall.
Parallel Structure 平行结构
• It is important for engineers to think logically, to analyze carefully, and to make decisions realistically. • If you want to get a satisfactory grade in the training program, you must be punctual, courteous, and conscientious.
Misplaced Modifiers 误置修饰语
• He sold the old car to the man with leather seats. • Please give the book to the boy with blue cover. • The idea he mentioned at first sounded good.
Parallel Structure
• It is important for engineers to think logically, to analyze carefully, and to make decisions realistically. • If you want to get a satisfactory grade in the training program, you must be punctual, courteous, and conscientious.
源自文库
Misplaced Modifiers 误置修饰语
• He sold the old car to the man with leather seats. • Please give the book to the boy with blue cover. • The idea he mentioned at first sounded good. • He only suggested three rules for us to follow. • He suggested only three rules for us to follow. • He only suggested them, he didn’t insist on them.
用句号分隔；用分号分隔；用并列连词连 接；用连接副词连接；使用从句。
• Education is an elusive word. It often means different things to different people. • Education is an elusive word; it often means different things to different people. • Education is an elusive word, for it often means different things to different people. • Education is an elusive word; indeed, it often means different things to different people. • Education is an elusive word which often means different things to different people.
Misplaced Modifiers 误置修饰语
• He sold the old car to the man with leather seats.
Misplaced Modifiers 误置修饰语
• He sold the old car to the man with leather seats. • Please give the book to the boy with blue cover.
用句号分隔；用分号分隔；用并列连词连 接；用连接副词连接；使用从句。
• The girls scored higher in math. The boys scored higher in verbal skills. • The girls scored higher in math; the boys scored higher in verbal skills. • The girls scored higher in math, and/but the boys scored higher in verbal skills. • The girls scored higher in math; however, the boys scored higher in verbal skills. • The girls scored higher in math, while the boys scored higher in verbal skills.
Dangling Modifiers 悬垂修饰语
• 1.a. The path to the summit of Mt. Tai is rough, steep, and challenging. • b. The path to the summit of Mt. Tai is rough, steep, and it is challenging. • 2.a. The ideal dog is loyal, friendly, and is in good health. • b. The ideal dog is loyal, friendly, and healthy.