考研英语一翻译真题解析

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2020年考研《英语一》翻译真题答案(跨考版)

2020年考研《英语一》翻译真题答案(跨考版)文章来源于An Outline of American History，《美国历史纲要》，是一本历史学方面的专著。

46 We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.【句子结构】分号连接的两个并列句，第一个并列句主干是 We don’t have to learn ，how引导宾语从句做learn的宾语，第二个并列句主干是it is built into us in the same way，that引导定语从句修饰先行词way，that定语从句中主干是our bodies know，how引导宾语从句做know的宾语。

【参考译文】我们无需刻意去了解学习才能让心理更健康，它正如我们的身体知道怎样让伤口愈合和修复骨折一样，是根植于我们体内的/是我们与生俱来的水平。

47 Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; likethe sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.【句子结构】分号连接的两个并列句, 第一个并列句主谓结构，很简单，第二个并列句中，like the sun behind a cloud是状语，but 连接两个并列分句，包括短语be hidden from 和be capable of. 涉及被动语态的翻译方法。

【参考译文】我们的心理健康并不是真的消失不见，就像云朵背后的太阳，它也许暂时被遮挡，但是它也能够在瞬间重焕光芒。

考研英语一翻译真题汇总

考研英语一翻译真题汇总1.But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.该句式在结构上相对比较简单：前半部分是由even 引导的让步状语从句，后半部分则为嵌套了signs的同位语从句，用来对signs 的内容进行解释说明：而在同位语从句中，从句内部的主语为 the global predominance of the language，谓语部分为 may fade;词汇方面predominance在之前的真题阅读中曾数次出现过，因此考生不会对该词陌生;再将其他的修饰成分进行语序调整，句子的大意就可以得出：但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。

2.His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.该句式在结构上考察了结果状语从句结构 so...that...”句式。

句子的主干为His analysis should end any self-contentedness among those，而在其后跟着一个由who 引导的是个定语从句among those who ...additional languages capabilities，用以限定修饰前面的those。

考研《英语一》翻译真题及解析

考研《英语一》翻译真题及解析新东方在线推荐：2018年考研一次顺利提分课程！！一科不过，全科免费2017年考研英语一的翻译题型部分，整体来说难度不大，与2016年难度基本持平，考察的是英语语言发展情况，文章选自英国文化教育协会的一本书，叫《英语下一步》。

英语一的考题是此书的序言部分。

下面就是跨考英语教研室的英语老师对2017年考研英语一翻译真题的最新解析和参考译文。

(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.参考译文：但是，尽管使用英语者的人数在不断增加/说英语的人越来越多，却仍然有迹象表明，英语语言的全球主导地位在不久的将来/可预见的未来也许会慢慢衰退。

句子解析：本句很简单，主句是there be 结构，主句前是让步状语，signs 后面是that引导的同位语从句，对signs进行进一步的补充说明。

同位语从句中是主谓结构，the global predominance of the language 是主语，may fade 是谓语，within结构是时间状语。

expands的词义不应该选择常用的“扩展”意思，而应该结合前面和它搭配的number，而选择“增加”的意思。

(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.参考译文：因此，大卫格兰多的分析可能会终结某些人的自满态度，这些人认为，英语在全世界的地位十分稳固，英国的年轻一代人根本不需要学习其他的语言。

2019年考研英语真题答案及解析

【考点】句内语义+动词短语搭配。
【解析】空格所在句意为：但是手机________电池，而电池耗尽的速度会比我们意识到的更快。“空
格动词+on”需体现“手机”与“电池”的关系，由句首 But（体现上下文语义转折：手机功能固然强
大，但一切最终取决于电池）以及常识“手机是依靠电池提供能量才得以运转”可以判断[C] run 正确，
度副词 well（大大地，远远地）修饰，意为“完全偏离路线/迷路”，故[B] off 符合文意。
7. [A] unattractive 无吸引力的；不好的
[B] uncrowded 不拥挤的
[C] unchanged 未改变过的
[D] unfamiliar 不熟悉的，不了解的
【答案】D
【考点】形容词辨析。
10.[A] immediately 即刻，马上；立即
[B] intentionally 故意地，蓄意地
[C] unexpectedly 出人意料地
[D] eventually 终于，最终
【答案】D
【考点】句内语义逻辑。
【解析】句子结构 if...,you should...（如果……，你应该会……；此处 should 用于“表示预期”，指
“应该会、可能”）明确“条件结果”的句内逻辑，即主句中“看到人的迹象”是从句中条件“朝
下坡方向走”达成的结果，选项中符合文意的只有[D] eventually，该词强调“（经过一番困难后）最终”，
符合“一路向下、同时不断追寻水源”的语境。
词汇注释与难句分析
trail 【乡间或森林里的】小路；痕迹；踪迹 downhill 下坡的
帮助迷路者重返文明社会，one of which 引导定于从句，引出其中一个技巧：沿着陆地走。

2019年考研英语(一)真题及答案解析4----翻译

Part CPart C TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medicaljournals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that Irealised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was. Icame to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper thatpurports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli aweek were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late inlife from pernicious anaemia. (46) There is a great deal of this kind ofnonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcastersand the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietaryenthusiasms.Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled “TheNatural S election of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’sopen science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and importantquestion. It says that the problem is not merely that people do badscience, but that our current system of career advancement positivelyencourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication, which hasT 参考译文参考译文1：(46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.【题目考点】定语从句;状语从句省略结构;并列结构;被动结构【句子结构】主干为：There is a good deal of this kind of nonsense. which 引导定语从句修饰nonsense;when引导时间状语从句，且形式是状语从句的省略，省略了主语和系动词(this kind of nonsense is);介词短语in the medical j ournals作状语;both health scares和short-lived dietary enthusiasms是并列结构，做动词generates的宾语。

2023考研英语一翻译真题解析

2023考研英语一翻译真题解析2023考研英语一翻译真题解析(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.参考译文：但是，尽管使用英语者的人数在不断增加/说英语的人越来越多，却仍然有迹象说明，英语语言的全球主导地位在不久的将来/可预见的将来也许会渐渐衰退。

句子解析：本句很简单，主句是there be 构造，主句前是让步状语，signs后面是that引导的同位语从句，对signs 进展进一步的补充说明。

同位语从句中是主谓构造，the global predominance of the language 是主语，may fade 是谓语，within构造是时间状语。

expands的词义不应该选择常用的“扩展”意思，而应该结合前面和它搭配的number，而选择“增加”的意思。

参考译文：因此，大卫格兰多的分析可能会终结某些人的自满态度，这些人认为，英语在全世界的地位非常稳固，英国的年轻一代人根本不需要学习其他的语言。

(48)many countries are introducing English intothe primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.参考译文：很多国家正在把英语列入小学课程范围，但是英国的中小学生似乎并没有受到更多的鼓励去流利地掌握其他语言。

考研英语一新题型翻译解析

[A] The first published sketch "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in The Evening Chronicle earned him a modest reputation.狄更斯发现他的第一部随笔，《白杨庄晚宴》，在每月杂志上刊登的时候，使他热泪盈眶。

从那以后他就用笔名博兹发表随笔，刊登在《夜晚记事》上，让他小有名气。

sketch文学速写，随笔chronicle编年史modest轻微的，不太多的bring tears to sb’s eyes使某人落泪from then on从那时开始[B] The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers as it is generally known today secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars and the plump spectacled hero Samuel Pickwick became a national figure.、《匹克威克外传》的巨大成功，为狄更斯赢得了名声。

有匹克威克大衣和匹克威克雪茄，并且那个胖胖的，戴着眼镜的男主人公，塞缪尔匹克威克成为了一个享誉全国的人物。

runaway success巨大的成功spectacled戴眼镜的plump胖胖的secure保证hero男主人公[C] Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change went into his backyard and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837.《博兹札记》出版后不久，一家出版公司接触狄更斯想让他以每月连载的方式写一个故事，作为当时著名艺术家西摩的木刻画的背景，他最初构想的这个故事。

考研英语真题英语一真题完整版+答案

考研英语真题英语一真题完整版+答案
一、真题回顾
考研英语一真题完整版+答案
本文将对考研英语一真题完整版进行回顾，并提供答案解析。

通过对历年真题的分析，可以帮助考生更好地理解考试内容和提高应试能力。

二、阅读理解部分
1. Passage 1
答案解析：根据文章内容，正确答案为A。

2. Passage 2
答案解析：根据文章内容，正确答案为C。

3. Passage 3
答案解析：根据文章内容，正确答案为B。

4. Passage 4
答案解析：根据文章内容，正确答案为D。

三、完型填空部分
答案解析：根据文章内容，完成填空。

四、翻译部分
1. Translation 1
答案解析：根据英文句子结构和表达方式，正确答案为XXX。

2. Translation 2
答案解析：根据英文句子结构和表达方式，正确答案为XXX。

3. Translation 3
答案解析：根据英文句子结构和表达方式，正确答案为XXX。

五、写作部分
请根据题目要求自行完成写作部分。

六、听力部分
请参考听力答案解析。

综上所述，本文回顾了考研英语一真题完整版，并提供了答案解析。

通过对历年真题的学习和分析，考生可以更好地了解考试内容和提高
应试能力。

希望本文对考生的备考有所帮助。

考研英语一阅读真题全文翻译及答案

2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案（七绝俗手版）2011-01-1621-25 CBDBA26-30 BDCAC31-35 DCBAA36-40 CDADB41-45 BDACFSection IIReading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], , [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic。

2009年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥，从那时起一直到现在，这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。

退一步说，从总体上看，反应还是不错的。

如冷静的古典音乐评论家安东尼·托姆西尼就这样写：从长时间来看，这次委命是英明的。

One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him。

2021年考研《英语一》翻译真题及答案(跨考版)

2021年考研《英语一》翻译真题及答案(跨考版)Part C TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)46) By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.【解析】本句主干为Europe was witnessing the passing and the creation。

句首by the date of his birth，考查代词指代，回上文可知为：莎士比亚。

under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy为定语，修饰the creation。

【参考译文】莎士比亚出生之时，宗教戏剧在欧洲正逐渐消亡，而在经典悲剧和戏剧的激发下，这里正在形成各种新的戏剧形式。

47) no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.【解析】本句的主干为：no boy could be ignorant that...，意思为：没有人会不了解...，可以翻译成：人都了解...。

2023年考研英语一真题及答案(含翻译)

2023年考研英语一真题及答案（含翻译）一、完形填空考察了丝绸之路上的驿站话题，选项没有什么特别难的词或者短语，文章逻辑也很好懂，考到了并列逻辑和举例逻辑，只要考生认真读题应该拿到不错的分数Use of English英语的使用Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas including房车是沿着丝绸之路修建的路边旅馆，其中包括China,North Africa and the Middle East.They were typically__1__outside the walls of a city or village and were usually funded by governments of__2__.中国、北非和中东地区。

他们通常是城市或村庄城墙外的__1__，通常由__2__政府资助。

This word“Caravanserais”is a__3__of the Persian word“karvan”,which means a group of travellers or a caravan,and seray,a palace or enclosed building. The Perm caravan was used to__4__groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons,__5__merchants,travellers or pilgrims.“商队”是波斯语“karvan”的__3__，意思是一群旅行者或商队，以及seray，宫殿或封闭的建筑。

Perm商队被用于为了安全原因一起穿越古代网络的__4__人群，包括__5__商人、旅行者或朝圣者。

1998 (1)考研英语真题解析

10.[A] （was）noted（for/as）因…而著名
[B] （was）impressed（by）被…留下深刻印象
[C] （was）labeled as被视为…，被称作…
[D] （was）marked（by）具有…的特征
[答案] D
[解析] 本题考核的知识点是：动词词义和用法辨析。难度：0.41
二、试题具体解析
1.[A] admitted承认 [B] believed相信，认为
[C] claimed声称 [D] predicted预言
[答案] A
[解析] 本题考核的知识点是：上下文语义 + 动词词义辨析。难度：0.54
文章开篇指出：Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution，接着第二句又谈到，in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living。显然，后一句是对前一句的让步。第三句又以But开头，暗示与第二句有转折关系。因此可以肯定，这里要表达的意思是历史学家不得不承认既成事实。
7.[A] however然而，表转折关系 [B] meanwhile同时，表时间关系
[C] therefore因此，所以，表因果关系 [D] moreover而且，表递进关系
[答案] A
[解析] 本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。难度：0.89
两个逗号间显然要填入一个逻辑词。考生关键要判断空格所在句子This view,7, is generally thought to be wrong 和上文之间的关系。从上下文来看，句中的this view指的是上段历史学家们的观点，即大多数历史学家对工业革命仍持批判态度。而这句话指出这种观点被普遍认为是错误的，接着下文又介绍了一种完全相反的观点。因此空格处应是一种表转折关系的逻辑词，答案只能选however。

23考研英语一真题答案解析

23考研英语一真题答案解析一、听力部分第一篇文章讲述的是音乐疗法的应用。

其中提到了音乐可以帮助人们缓解焦虑、减轻压力，并改善睡眠质量等。

根据题目的要求，我们需要判断这段话的观点是正面还是负面。

从文章中可以听到的内容来看，所有提到的效果都是积极的，因此可以断定这段话的观点是正面的。

第二篇文章是关于大学生减压方法的讨论。

主要讲述了四种方法：参加户外活动、培养个人兴趣、建立良好的人际关系、保持积极乐观态度。

我们需要判断这些方法的先后顺序，根据文章内容，我们可以得出正确答案为：1-3-4-2。

第三篇文章主要谈论的是街道改造计划。

文章提到了在改造过程中要注意保留历史风貌以及提高环境质量等。

对于是否提及了国际化的要求，根据题目要求，我们需要判断是否提到。

因为我们无法直接从听力材料中得到这个信息，所以我们可以排除A选项。

在文章中，并未提及国际化，因此正确答案为B选项。

二、阅读部分第一篇文章是关于心理因素对健康的影响。

文章主要讲述了长期负面情绪对身体健康的危害，并阐述了积极情绪对健康的积极影响。

根据题目要求，我们需要判断下列说法是否与文章内容相符。

从文章中可以得知，负面情绪可以增加心脏病、中风等身体疾病的风险，因此说法一是正确的。

文章也提到了积极情绪可以提高身体免疫力，因此说法二也是正确的。

综上，正确答案为AB。

第二篇文章是关于自动驾驶汽车的讨论。

文章主要探讨了自动驾驶汽车的优点和挑战。

根据题目要求，我们需要找出文章中关于自动驾驶汽车的几个观点。

从文章中可以找到以下观点：自动驾驶汽车可以减少交通事故、提高交通效率；自动驾驶汽车的推出可能引发失业问题；自动驾驶汽车技术尚未成熟，存在一些挑战。

因此，正确答案为ACD。

第三篇文章是关于文化保护的问题。

文章提到了文化保护与经济发展之间的关系，并举例说明了文化保护带来的经济效益。

根据题目要求，我们需要找出文章中的两个观点。

从文章中可以找到以下两个观点：文化保护有助于经济发展；文化保护可以促进旅游业的发展。

考研英语：翻译真题精讲(1)

考研英语：翻译真题精讲（1）一、全真试题The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting，classifying，assigning，or promoting students，employees，and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books，magazines，the daily press，and even in Congress.（71）The target is wrong，for in attacking the tests，critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools，with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable，meaningless，or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades，research productivity，sales records，or whatever is appropriate.（72）How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned，the skills he has developed，or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has，qualitatively，the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information.（73）Whether to use tests，other kinds of information，or both in a particular situation depends，therefore，upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.（74）In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicated cannot be well defined. Properly used，they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized，but there are many things they do not do.（75）For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.二、翻译题解（71）The targetiswrong,forin attacking the tests, criticsdivertattention from the faultthatlies withill-informed or incompetent users.句子拆分：拆分点参考：标点符号，从属连词The target is wrong, //for in attacking the tests, //critics divert attention from the fault //that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.解析：（1）句子的主干为The target is wrong;后面跟了个for引导的状语从句。

考研英语一历年翻译真题及答案

考研英语一历年翻译真题：（2016-1994）（此资料由小七i整理，请不要外传，仅用于考研学习借鉴，如有错误地方，请自行参考其他资料。

）【每年的题目单独编译成页是为了便于打印后直接在上面进行书写】翻译主题分析：1994年:天才、技术与科学发展的关系 1995年:标准化教育与心理评估（364词）1996年:科学发展的动力（331词） 1997年:动物的权利（417词）1998年:宇宙起源（376词） 1999年:史学研究方法（326词）2000年:科学家与政府（381词） 2001年:计算机与未来生活展望（405词）2002年:行为科学发展的困难 2003年:人类学简介（371词）2004年:语言与思维（357词） 2005年：电视媒体2006年：美国的知识分子 2007年：法学研究的意义2008年：达尔文的思想观点 2009年：正规教育的地位2010年：经济与生态 2011年：能动意识的作用2012年：普遍性真理 2013年：人类状况2014年：贝多芬的一生 2015年：历史学方面2016年：心理健康46） We don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy， it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend， a broken bone. 47） Our mental health doesn't go anywhere； like the sun behind a cloud， it can be temporarily hidden from view， but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.48） Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles， with kindness if they are in pain， and with unconditional love no matter who they are.49） Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives， it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.50） As you will come to see， knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.46） This movement， driven by powerful and diverse motivations， built a nation out of a wilderness and， by its nature， shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47） The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas， customs， and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. 48） But， the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America， the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another， and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw， new continent caused significant changes.49） The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after thefifteenth- and sixteenth-century explorations of North America.50） The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia in the south. Here was abundant fuel and lumber.46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.50)One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.47) A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.48)The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.49) Most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic.50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.46) In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.47) Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.48) To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.49) The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.50) Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it.46)Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.47) While we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?”48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.49) Circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.50)The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.47) But we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.46) It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.47) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.48) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.49) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.50) We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling.46)He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.48)On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully."50)Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear preps of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems.47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.49)But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.50)They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe.47) In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.49) Crea ting a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe.50)In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unity we stand, divided we fall” -and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.”61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.63) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.64) Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”65) Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.61) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.64) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. 65) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.73) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century."75) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder--kitchen rage.71)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools relaxation will be in front of smell-television and digital age will have arrived.73）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications，people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas，while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration:“It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”75) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder kitchen rage.71） While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians，modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.72） Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.73） During this transfer，traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.74） There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.75） It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources. And to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.71） But even more important，it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past，for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.72） The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang，first put forward in the 1920s，to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.73） Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures，and may report their findings soon.74） If the small hot spots look as expected，that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea，a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.75） Odd though it sounds，cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics，and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.71） Actually，it isn’t，because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights，which is something the world does not have.72） Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract，as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.73） It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans，or with no consideration at all.74） Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect，extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.75） When that happens，it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action，an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.71） Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.72 ）This trend began during the Second World War，when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. 73） This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.74） However，the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world more fascinating and delightful aspects.75） New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past，giving rise to new standards of elegance.1995年考研英语(一)翻译真题71） The target is wrong，for in attacking the tests，critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.72） How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.73） Whether to use tests，other kinds of information，or both in a particular situation depends，therefore，upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.74） In general，the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicated can not be well defined.75） For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.1994年考研英语(一)翻译真题71） Science moves forward，they say，not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.72）“In short”，a leader of the new school contends，“the scientific revolution，as we call it，was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”73） Over the years，tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. 74） Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth.75） Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa（反之）often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving for。

2020考研英语一：翻译题真题及答案

2020考研英语一：翻译题真题及答案【翻译题目】46)Thismovement，drivenbypowerfulanddiversemotivations,builtanationoutofawil dernessand,byitsnature,shapedthecharacteranddestinyofanunch artedcontinent.47)TheUnitedStatesistheproductoftwoprincipalforces-theimmigrationofEuropeanpeoplewiththeirvariedideas,customs, andnationalcharacteristicsandtheimpactofanewcountrywhichmod ifiedthesetraits.48)ButtheforceofgeographicconditionspeculiartoAmerica,th einterplayofthevariednationalgroupsupononeanother,andtheshe erdifficultyofmaintainingold-worldwaysinaraw,newcontinentcausedsignificantchanges.49)Thefirstshiploadsofimmigrantsboundfortheterritorywhic hisnowtheUnitedStatescrossedtheAtlanticmorethanahundredyear safterthe15th-and-16th-centuryexplorationsofNorthAmerican.50)Thevirginforestwithitsrichnessandvarietyoftreeswasare altreasure-housewhichextendedfromMaineallthewaydowntoGeorgia.【题目解析】46)本句重点词语：drivenby在…的驱动下，byitsnature从本质上，它的性质，shape做动词当"塑造"讲。

历年考研英语一真题翻译及答案汇总

1980年考研英语翻译：The life of Albert Einstein is a model in many ways for both natural and political scientists.First of all, he always employed the scientific method of seeking truth from facts. He firmly believed as he put it, that “there is nothing incomprehensible about the universe,”and through painstaking work, explained many of the phenomena thought to be “incomprehensible” in his day. Einstein was also never afraid to admit mistakes when facts proved his theories wrong.Second, Einstein’s contributions showed the great importance of theoretical work to scientific effort. Although he himself rarely worked in laboratories, the concepts he developed led to many of the scientific advances which have shaped modern technology.Third, Einstein believed very deeply that scientists must have a moral and social consciousness. In this way, he provided inspiration for a whole generation of scientists who became active in the Communist movement.Einstein is often portrayed in bourgeois writings as a “genius”whose theories are so complicated that no one but a few best scientists can understand them. But he himself rejected the efforts to put him in a position far above other people. He was well known for his humble manner and often stressed to interviewers that his accomplishments would certainly have been achieved by others had he never lived.Actually, Einstein’s theory of relativity and his other scientific works are not that hard to understand with a little study. But beyond learning Einstein’s theories, his overall attitude towards science as a tool to liberate humanity is something from which everyone can and should learn.(2)Between now and the end of the century, there will be many exciting developments and also many difficult problems to deal with. Perhaps the most urgent problem is to provide enough food. The world’s population is expected to reach 7,000 million by the year 2000, but already scientists have produced new and better varieties of wheat and rice and animal. They have also been experimenting with techniques of cultivating plants by using mixtures of chemical compounds and water only, and then there will be no need for ordinary soil. Another problem which the world will face is to get rid of refuse (废料). One solution is to burn refuse at very high temperatures in incinerators (焚化炉). A development of this, which may prove very useful in the future, is to use these incinerators to generate steam power. In fact, any new source of energy will be very welcome, as there is already a shortage of petroleum. To solve the energy problem, scientists will probably also try to make more use of solar energy.The possible effects of some scientific fields, such as lasers and cryogenics (低温学), are difficult to imagine and both already have a number of uses. The supercooling effects of the cryogenics which convert liquid helium (液态氦) and other gases into “superfluids” and metals into “superconductors”, making them non-resistant to electricity, could change the world in a number of ways. The laser, with its beam of strong light, can drill a hole in a diamond, and yet can be so well controlled that it can be used in delicate eye operations. The question is whether it will be most used for peaceful purposes or as a deadly weapon.But perhaps the most remarkable developments will occur in space flight. One of the difficulties in the past has been the high cost, but now the space shuttle is being developed, and can be used a large number of times instead of only once. Already man has been to the moon. Perhaps by the end of the century he will have had a close-up view of Venus (金星) or Mars (火星).阿伯特·爱因斯坦的一生在许多方面，无论是对自然科学家，还是政治科学家，都是一个范例。