大学英语常见修辞手法
大学英语写作 修辞手法
Nurse: His name is Romeo, and a Montague, The only son of your great enemy. Juliet: My only love sprung from my only hate Too early seen unknown, and known too late! Prodigious birth of love it is to me, That I must love a loathed enemy. ---Shakespeare: Romeo and Juliet The Child is father of the Man. ---Wordsworth My Heart Leaps Up (从小孩现在的表现可以预见他成人后的情况；或一切认知 源于儿童时期)
In overstatement (hyperbole), the diction exaggerates the subject. eg. 1) She is dying to know what job has been assigned her. 2) Those three words (Dombay and Son) conveyed the one idea of Mr. Dombay’s life. The earth was made for Dombay and Son to trade in and the sun and moon were made to give them light. Rivers and seas were formed to float their ships; rainbows gave them promise of air weather; winds blew for or against their enterprises; stars and plants circled in their orbits to preserve inviolate a system of which they were the centre. ----Dombay and Son
英语中的修辞手法总结
英语中的修辞手法总结
英语中的修辞手法包括以下几种：
1. 比喻（Metaphor）：用某个事物来比喻另一个事物，使语言更加形象生动。
例子：她的笑容如阳光一般温暖。
2. 拟人（Personification）：将无生命的事物赋予人的特征，使表达更具有生动感和感染力。
例子：风儿吹过，树叶纷飞。
3. 对偶（Parallelism）：通过平行的句子结构或词语来表达相同的或类似的意思，使句子更有力量和韵律感。
例子：Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud.
4. 反问（Rhetorical question）：表现出说话人的强烈感情和肯定态度，让听者思考并自行找到答案。
例子：难道我们的作品不应该反映现实生活的美好吗？
5. 比较（Comparison）：通过将两个不同的事物进行类比，使得听者或读者更容易理解某个观点。
例子：她跑得像一只兔子一样快。
以上是英语中常见的五种修辞手法，当然还有其他一些较少使用的修辞手法，如反语、夸张、卡里加里（Cacophony）等。
这些修辞手法都可以让语言更生动、更有表现力。
大学英语修辞
大学英语修辞1) Simile：(明喻）2) Metaphor：(暗喻）3) Analogy: (类比）4) Personification: (拟人）5) Hyperbole: (夸张）6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述）7) Euphemism: (委婉）8) Metonymy (转喻）9) Synecdoche (提喻）10) Antonomasia (换称）11) Pun: (双关语）12) Syllepsis: (一语双叙）13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配）14) Irony: (反语）15) Innuendo: (暗讽）16) Sarcasm: (讽刺）17) Paradox: (隽语）18) Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰）19) Antithesis: (对照）20) Epigram: (警句）21) Climax: (渐进）22) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降）23) Apostrophe：(顿呼）24) Transferred Epithet: (一就修饰语）25) Alliteration: (头韵）26) Onomatopoeia: (拟声）修辞格(figures of speech)是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。
它能使语言生动形象、具体活泼，给人以美的享受。
（一）音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices)顾名思义，音韵修辞格是利用词语的语音特点创造出来的修辞手法。
包括: a) Onomatopoeia(拟声) 是模仿事物发出的声响,如：Presently there came theclick of high-heeled shoes.高跟皮鞋声咯咯地传了过来。
b) Alliteration(头韵) 就是在一个词组或一个诗行中，有两个以上彼此靠近的词，其开头的音节（或其他重读音节）具有同样的字母或声音；如：Peter Piper picked a peck of picking pepper.皮特.派特咽下了一口腌菜用的胡椒粉。
英语18种重要修辞手法
18种重要修辞手法一、语义修辞1明喻（simile）俗称直喻，是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似关系而构成的修辞格。
例如：a figure of speech in which denotes a simmilarility betwe en things of different kinds.1.The snow was like a white blanket drawn over the field.2.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.认真观察以上各例，我们会发现它们的特点，由（as）... as, like等引导，这些引导词被称作比喻词（acknowledging word），它们是辨别明喻的最显著的特征，明喻较为直白，比喻物和被比喻物之间相似点较为明显，所以明喻是一种比较好判断的修辞手法。
2暗喻（metaphor）也称隐喻，是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似或相关关系而构成的修辞格。
例如：a figure of speech in which refers to sth that denotes literally in order to suggest a similarity.1.His friend has become a thorn in his side.（他的朋友已变成眼中钉肉中刺。
）2.You are your mother’s glass.(你是你母亲的翻版。
)3.Hope is a good breakfast, but it’s a bad supper.由以上各例可知，暗喻没有引导词，这是明喻和暗喻在形式上的最大区别。
换句话说，有为明喻，没有为暗喻。
如：He has a heart of stone. He has a heart like stone.很显然，前句是暗喻，后句是明喻。
英文修辞手法
常见英语修辞手法总共有22种，分别为明喻、转喻、提喻、隐喻、拟人、拟声、夸张、双关、讽刺、联觉、头韵、委婉、修辞反问、隽语、对照、渐进法、渐降法、引用、叠言、仿拟、排比、寓言。
一、明喻（Simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though,seem,similar to, such as等，Eg：1. This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。
2. He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.他看起来好像刚从我的童话书中走出来，像一个幽灵一样从我身边走过。
3. It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。
二、隐喻（Metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
Eg：1、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
2. He is a pig.他简直是头猪。
（比喻：他是一个像猪一般的人，指肮脏，贪吃的人。
）3. She is a woman with a stony heart.她是一个铁石心肠的女人。
（比喻：这个女人冷酷无情。
）4.Mark Twain is a mirror of America.马克吐温是美国的一面镜子。
(完整版)英语中的修辞手法
英语中的修辞手法1.明喻(Simile)明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系，两者都在对比中出现，其基本格式是“A像B”，常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。
例如：●He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushedsintoshis wrinkled face.●The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. (支票跌落到地上，像一只断了翅膀的小鸟。
)●Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.（正如爬山，我们费力爬上三英尺，又掉下去两英尺。
）I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻，把德国士兵比作蝗虫，因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。
)2.暗喻(Metaphor)暗喻也是一种比喻，但不用比喻词，因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。
它直接把一种事物名称用在另一事物上，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现力。
例如：●What will parents do without the electronic baby-sitter? (如果没有这位电子保姆，父母该怎么办呢？)形象地说明了电视机的保姆功用。
●... while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.(……但是我们中的很多人太容易给别人批评的冷风，而不愿意给自己的同伴赞扬的阳光。
英语常见8种修辞手法说明
英语常见8种修辞手法说明修辞手法是英语写作中常用的表达技巧，通过运用恰当的修辞手法，可以使文章更加生动、有趣，增强表达的效果和吸引读者的注意力。
下面是英语常见的8种修辞手法的说明：1. 比喻(Metaphor)比喻是将一个事物与另一个事物进行类比，以便更好地揭示事物的特点或隐含含义。
通过比喻，可以使描述更具有形象感和感染力。
例如："She is a shining star in the world of art."（她是艺术界的一颗闪亮之星）2. 暗示(Allusion)暗示是通过间接提及某个事物或引用某个文学、历史、文化的代表性人物或事件来达到某种目的，常常用于表达或暗示作者的观点或态度。
例如："His words had a biblical ring to them."（他的话带有的语气）3. 排比(Parallelism)排比是通过重复使用类似的词、短语或句子结构，使文章的句子齐整有序，增强表达的力度和冲击力。
例如："We came, we saw, we conquered." （我们来了，我们看到了，我们战胜了）4. 反问(Rhetorical Question)反问是在文章或演讲中提出一个问题，但并不期待对方回答，而是用问句来引导读者或听众思考某个问题或强调某个观点。
例如："Isn't it a beautiful day?"（今天是不是个美好的一天呢？）5. 夸张(Hyperbole)夸张是通过夸大的描述方式来强调某个事物或情感，以达到增强效果的目的。
夸张常用于幽默、夸张或强调的场合。
例如："I've told you a million times."（我已经告诉过你一百万次了）比较是通过将两个或多个事物进行对比，以突出它们的差异或相似之处，使表达更具有说服力和可信度。
英文中最常见的20种修辞手法（解释例句）
英文中最常见的20种修辞手法（解释例句）和我们精通的中文一样，英文写作中也存在各式各样的修辞手法。
今天给大家介绍最常见的20种英文修辞手法。
细细体会，争取把他们用到你的作文中：01Simile明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比，这种共性存在于人们的心里，而不是事物的自然属性。
标志词常用：like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as 等。
例如：1. I wandered lonely as a stay dog.我像一只流浪狗一样孤独地四处漂泊。
2. Einstein likes to put a cloak on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.爱因斯坦喜欢披着斗篷，就好像刚刚从童话故事中走出来。
02展开剩余92%metaphor隐喻，暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻，是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物，通过比较形成。
例如：1. Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.希望是顿美好的早餐，但却是一顿糟糕的晚餐。
2. Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.03metonymy借喻，转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物，而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.1. 以容器代替内容，例如：1）The kettle boils.水开了。
2）The room sat silent.全屋人安静地坐着。
2. 以资料、工具代替事物的名称，例如：Lend me your ears, please.请听我说。
3. 以作者代替作品，例如：a complete Shakespeare莎士比亚全集4. 以具体事物代替抽象概念，例如：I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱。
大学英语中常见的修辞手法
ofm edicines."(“ 吧， 生 “ 会 力 到 学 做 的， 好 ” 说， 尽 做 科 能 到 医 我
但每当我的病人开始数 自己葬礼上的马车时，药物的疗效就
Michael ' s dedication,determination and discipline was a
会减掉一半。”大学英语第三册第六单元课文A) 四、 夸张(the exaggeration) 把事物的特征， 有意地加以夸大或缩小， 就叫夸张， 即采
用“ 言过其实” 的说法， 使事物的本质特征更好地呈现出来。 英 语中夸张修辞格， 应用极为频繁。 夸张的功能是突出事物的本 质特征， 因源自给人强烈印象或警悟、 启发。例如 :
Most Amer ican remember Mar k Twain as the fath er of Hu ck
coach' s dream.(迈克尔的投人、 执着、 律正是每个教练梦寐 自 以 求的。 )(作者在这里运用押头韵突出了主 人公不达目 的不
目中， 马克 吐温是位伟大作家， 他描写哈克 费恩永恒的童年
时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆 索亚在漫长的夏 日里 自
同特征的事物或现象进行对比， 表明本体和喻体的关系， 两者 都在对比中出现， 其基本格式是‘ `A像B>， . 常用的比喻词有二 ，
由自 在历险探奇的 故事。 n al和 )(eter endless都是夸张用语， 表
"What fine w eather for an outing! ” 计划了 一个美好的出 游 却被一场大雨搅和了。 )(于是出现了上面的这句话， 通过反语 达到讽刺的效果， 从而更能够反映出当时的无奈与沮丧。 ) 七、 头韵(the alliteration)
大学英语修辞手法总结
大学英语修辞手法总结大学英语都有哪些修辞手法呢？下面四小编整理的大学英语修辞手法总结，欢迎阅读！大学英语修辞手法总结1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makesa comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage.3) Analogy: (类比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.4) Personification: (拟人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personalattributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.5) Hyperbole: (夸张）： It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述） It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.7) Euphemism: (委婉） It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as” pass away".8) Metonymy (转喻）It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).9) Synecdoche (提喻）It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the wholefor the part. For instance, they say there's bread and work for all. She was dressed in silks.10) Antonomasia (换喻）It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas fora traitor.11) Pun: (双关语） It is a play on words, or rathera play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)12) Solipsism: (一语双叙）It has two connotations. In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here we are used to refer to you and me.)In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while hewas fighting, and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. (Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose one's mind is figurative, and means to go mad.)13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配） It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, or applying to them in different senses. For example, the sun shall not burn you by day or the moon by night. (Here noon is not strong enough to burn)14) Irony: (反语） It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good. 15) Innuendo: (暗讽） It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout (曲折)way at something disparaging(不一致) or uncomplimentary(不赞美) to the person or subject mentioned. For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.16) Sarcasm: (讽刺） It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.17) Paradox: (似非而是的隽语） It is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary toestablished fact or practice, but which onfurther thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. For example more haste, less speed.18) Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰）It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(结合) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不协调) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混乱) and proud humility(侮辱).19) Antithesis: (对照） It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. For example, speech is silver; silence is golden.20) Epigram: (警句） It states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(强烈地). It is usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling. For instance, Few, save the poor, feel for the poor.21) Climax: (渐进） It is derived from the Greek word for "ladder" and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity, like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. For example, I came, I saw, I conquered.22) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降）It is the opposite of Climax. It involves stating one's thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or frivolous. For instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(赋予) a college, or a cat.23) Apostrophe： (顿呼）In this figure of speech,a thing, place, idea or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said.For instance, England! awake! awake! awake!24) Transferred Epithet: (转类形容词） It is a figure of speech where an epithet (an adjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修饰) to another to which it does not really apply or belong. For instance, I spent sleepless nights on my project.25) Alliteration: (头韵） It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(间隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called "front rhyme". For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.26) Onomatopoeia: (拟声） It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of some action or movement。
英语修辞手法
1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.例如:1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如:1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如:a complete Shakespeare莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche 提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.例如:1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)他的厂里约有100名工人.2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)他是本世纪的牛顿.3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。
英语18种重要修辞手法
英语18种重要修辞手法一、语义修辞1明喻（simile）俗称直喻，是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似关系而构成的修辞格。
例如：1.The snow was like a white blanket drawn over the field.2.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to he ar him crow.认真观察以上各例，我们会发现它们的特点，由（as）... as, like等引导，这些引导词被称作比喻词（acknowledging word），它们是辨别明喻的最显著的特征，明喻较为直白，比喻物和被比喻物之间相似点较为明显，所以明喻是一种比较好判断的修辞手法。
2暗喻（metaphor）也称隐喻，是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似或相关关系而构成的修辞格。
例如：1.His friend has become a thorn in his side.（他的朋友已变成眼中钉肉中刺。
）2.You are your mother’s glass.(你是你母亲的翻版。
)3.Hope is a good breakfast, but it’s a bad supper.由以上各例可知，暗喻没有引导词，这是明喻和暗喻在形式上的最大区别。
换句话说，有为明喻，没有为暗喻。
如：He has a heart of stone. He has a heart like stone.很显然，前句是暗喻，后句是明喻。
暗喻时，比喻物和被比喻物之间的相似点较为含蓄，猛一看它们毫无关系，实际却有着某种内在联系。
谈到暗喻，有必要说说它的两种变体（variety）：博喻（sustained metaphor）和延喻（extended metaphor），它们是英语比喻中的特殊类型。
（1）博喻连续使用多个喻体去比喻主体的方法就叫做博喻。
比如：There again came out the second flash, with the spring of a serpent and the shout of a fiend, looked green as an emerald, and the reverberation was stunning.(爆发了第二次闪电，她像蛇一样蜿蜒，如魔鬼般嘶叫，像翠玉般碧绿，轰隆隆震耳欲聋。
20种英语修辞手法整理
20种英语修辞手法整理英语修辞手法是英语写作中常用的一种技巧，通过巧妙地运用修辞手法，可以增加文章的表现力和吸引力，使读者更加有兴趣阅读。
本文将整理介绍20种常见的英语修辞手法。
一、比喻（Metaphor）比喻是一种常见的修辞手法，用于通过将两个不相干的事物进行比较，以增强表达的效果。
例如：“他是一只勇敢的狮子。
”二、暗喻（Implicit Metaphor）暗喻是一种通过隐晦的方式进行比喻的修辞手法，不直接明示被比较的事物。
例如：“他是个夜猫子。
”三、拟人（Personification）拟人是将非人事物赋予人的特质或行为的修辞手法。
例如：“大地张开了它温暖的怀抱。
”四、夸张（Hyperbole）夸张是一种通过夸大事物的说法来产生强烈效果的修辞手法。
例如：“我等了一万年。
”五、对比（Contrast）对比是一种通过将两个不同或相反的事物进行相互对比，以突出差异或强调某一方面的修辞手法。
例如：“他的言行恰恰相反。
”六、排比（Parallelism）排比是一种通过对句子或短语进行平行结构的修辞手法，以强调重点或增加语句的节奏感。
例如：“奋斗，拼搏，追求，努力。
”七、倒装（Inversion）倒装是一种颠倒语序的修辞手法，常常用于疑问句或为了强调某一部分。
例如：“Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.”八、反问（Rhetorical Question）反问是一种用疑问句的形式表达肯定或否定的修辞手法，常用于强调某一观点或引起读者思考。
例如：“难道你不想成功吗？”九、比较（Comparison）比较是通过将两个事物进行对比，以凸显共同点或差异的修辞手法。
例如：“学习就像是爬山，充满了艰辛和挑战。
”十、设问（Hypophora）设问是一种在文章中提出问题，并在下文中进行回答的修辞手法，常用于引起读者的关注和思考。
例如：“你知道成功的秘诀是什么吗？答案很简单——努力。
英文中的修辞手法
英文中的修辞手法英文中有许多修辞手法，这些手法通过运用特定的语言技巧，可以增强文学作品的表达力和感染力。
以下是一些常见的英文修辞手法：比喻（Metaphor）：将两个不同的事物进行比较，以强调它们之间的相似之处，而不使用"like"或"as"。
例如：“时间是一把无情的剑。
”拟人（Personification）：赋予非人物以人的特质或行为，使其更具生动性。
例如：“风儿轻轻地低语。
”象征（Symbolism）：使用一个事物、符号或象征来代表另一个抽象概念。
例如：“燕子在文学中通常象征着春天和希望。
”暗喻（Metonymy）：用一个与所指实体有着密切关联的词汇来替代它。
例如：“白宫发布了一份声明”中的“白宫”代表美国政府。
排比（Parallelism）：通过使用相似的句式或结构，强调语言的平衡和韵律。
例如：“我不怕困难，我不怕失败，我不怕挑战。
”双关语（Pun）：利用一个词汇项的多义性或相似的发音来制造幽默或引起思考。
例如：“时间飞逝，果然很‘秒’。
”讽刺（Irony）：通过言辞上的反讽，表达与字面意义相反的意思。
例如：“这个‘伟大’的计划居然失败了。
”悬念（Suspense）：通过保持某种信息的不明确，刺激读者的兴趣，以激发紧张感。
例如：“她打开门，里面的一切都让她惊呆了。
”对仗（Antithesis）：将相对或对立的思想或概念通过并列的结构进行强调。
例如：“昨夜寒风凛冽，今朝暖阳明媚。
”比较（Simile）：将两个事物通过使用"like"或"as"进行比较，以突显它们之间的相似之处。
例如：“她如同一朵盛开的花。
”这些修辞手法可以单独使用，也可以结合在一起，创造出更为复杂和富有表现力的文学效果。
作家通常根据他们的写作目的，选择最适合表达自己意图的修辞手法。
英语的修辞手法
英语的修辞手法英语的修辞手法有很多种，其中一些常见的修辞手法包括：1. 比喻(Metaphor): 指的是用一个事物来比喻另一个事物，从而使语言更加生动、形象。
例如，"She is a lioness in the office." (她是一只办公室中的母狮子。
)2. 拟人(Personification): 指的是将事物或概念拟人化，从而使语言更加生动、形象。
例如，"The mountains were dressed in white and the sky wept tears." (群山披上白色，天空流下泪水。
)3. 排比(Parallelism): 指的是用相似的结构来表达三个或以上的事物，从而使语言更加有力、优美。
例如，"To fish, to hunt, to plant, to harvest, to eat." (钓鱼，打猎，种植，收获，食用。
)4. 夸张(Hyperbole): 指的是用夸张的手法来表达一个事物或概念，从而使语言更加生动、形象。
例如，"She is as fast as lightning." (她快如闪电。
)5. 反问(Rhetorical Question): 指的是用问题的形式来表达一个观点或情感，从而增强语言的力量。
例如，"Isn't life beautiful, floating on the waves of life?" (生活难道不美好吗?在生命的波浪上漂浮。
)6. 讽刺(Satire): 指的是用讽刺的手法来表达对某人或某事的不满或轻蔑，从而引起读者的共鸣。
例如，"The CEO is such a genius that he can even solve the problems of his own company." (CEO如此天才，甚至能解决自己公司的问题。
大学 英语修辞整理及例子
1.Alliteration 头韵heart,home2.Assonance 元韵late,make“The rain in spain falls mainly in the plain.”The kind guide said aside he would chop the way for us.好心的导游在一旁说他将替我们开路。
3.Consonance 辅韵They left half a loaf in the safe.4.Onomatopoeia 拟声The stream murmurs through the woods.5.Aposiopesis [æ'pəʊsaɪəʊpi:sɪs] 说话中断法，跳脱“You’d better do this or else…”6.Apostrophe 呼语Captain!my captain!rise up and hear the bells:7.Pun 双关ball:(1)any round or spherical object (2)a formal social dance8.Repetition 重复The rain pours and pours.9.Anaphora 首语重复法Light come, light go.10.Epiphora 句末重复法Waste not,want not.11.Simploce首结语重复法This is the world’s fight, This is civilization’s fight.12.anadiplosis 顶针With Bewick on my knee,I was then happy:happy at least in my way.13.Parallelism 平行结构The young actor was tall,dark,and handsome.14.Antithesis 对偶Marriage is easy,housekeepin g is hard.15.Climax 层进法We want peace,we want freedom,we want a better life.16.Anticlimax 突降法Where shall I find hope, happiness ,friends, cigarettes?17.Syllepsis 一语双叙He lost his coat and his temper.18.Zeugma 轭式修辞法We ate a bun and a glass of milk.19.Chiasmus 回文One should eat to live,not live to eat.20.Asyndeton 连词省略法Nothing is insider them, they were sealed up before the creation of pestilence.21.Polysyndeton 连词叠用法I am a soul，or a body, a mind.22.Rhetorical question 反问Isn’t it the best choice?23.Simile 明喻Time flies like an arrow.24.Metaphor 暗喻You are my sunshine.25.Metonymy 借喻He has a good ear for music.26.Synecdoche 提喻He paid the workers $5 per head.27.Antonomasia换称He is modern Hitler---a tyrant.Jack is Michael Jordan on our basketball team.28.Personification 拟人The bird is singing joyfully.29.Parody 仿拟I had no outlook,but an uplook rather.30.Synesthesia 通感The music breathing from her face.31.Transferred epithet 移情a sleepless bed32.. understatement 轻描淡写，低调陈述1.AUTHOR &WORKS1>William Faulkner is the author of ______.A. Far From the Madding CrowdB. Sound and FuryC. For Whom the Bell TollsD. Scarlet LetterKey B2>The Old Man and the Sea is one of the great works by _____.A. Jack LondonB. Charles DickensC. Samuel ColeridgeD. Ernest HemingwayKey: D3>James Joyce is the author of all the following novels EXCEPT ______.A. DublinersB. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManC. Jude the ObscureD. UlyssesKey: C4>Which of the following is NOT a poem by Emily Dickinson?A. This is my letter to the world.B. / heard a fly buzz —when I died.C. This is just to say.D. Because I could not stop for death. Key: C (William Carlos Williams)5>Francis Bacon' s _____ is a great essay on education.A. The Advancement of LearningB. The Importance of Being EarnestC. The New AtlanticD. The Learned Reading upon the Statute of UsesKey: A6>William Makepeace Thackeray' s most famous work is ______.A. The School for ScandalB. Past and PresentC. Major BarbaraD. Vanity FairKey: D7>Which of the following poems is NOT written by George Gordon Byron?A. She Walks in Beauty.B. The Solitary Reaper.C. When We Two Parted.D. Childe Harold' s Pilgrimage.Key: B8> William Golding' s first and most well-known novel is ______.A. Coral IslandB. Lord of the FliesC. Treasure IslandD. The Brass ButterflyKey: B9> Moby Dick is the most important work by ______.A. Jack LondonB. Herman MelvilleC. Sinclair LewisD. Ralph EllisonKey: B10>Stephen Crane is famous for ______.A. An American TragedyB. The AmbassadorsC. Main StreetD. The Red Badge of Courage Key: D11>Robert Frost is a famous _____.A. novelistB. playwrightC. poetD. literary criticKey: C12>Eugene 0' Neil is an American ______.A. novelistB. playwrightC. poetD. essayist KEY:B13>_____ is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare, and his representative works are plays inspired by social criticism.A. Richard SheridanB. Oliver GoldsmithC. Oscar WildeD. Bernard ShawKEY:D14>Who is the only woman writer that has won both Pulitzer Prize and Nobel Prize?A. Pearl Buck.B. Virginia Woolf.C. Tony Morrison.D. Katharine Mansfield.KEY: A15> ______ is NOT among the postwar poets in modem American literature.A. Robert LowellB. Gary SynderC. Alien GinsbergD. e. e. cummingsKEY: D16>Shylock is a character in ______.A. The Merchant of VeniceB. The Twelfth NightC. The Winter's TaleD. MacbethKEY: A17>This line "If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?' is quoted from ______.A. Don Juan.B. Kubla KhanC. To AutumnD. Ode to the West Wind KEY: D18>The sentence "Shall I compare thee to a summer' s day" is quoted from Shakespeare' s ______.A. comediesB. tragediesC. historiesD. sonnetsKEY : D19>"Beauty is truth, truth beauty" is an epigrammatic line by ______.A. John KeatsB. William BlakeC. William WordsworthD. Percy Bysshe ShelleyKEY: A19>"Beauty is truth, truth beauty" is an epigrammatic line by ______.A. John KeatsB. William BlakeC. William WordsworthD. Percy Bysshe Shelley KEY: A20>Tess is a character created by ______.A. D. H. LawrenceB. James JoyceC. Thomas HardyD. Dylan Thomas Key: C21>As a literary figure, Heathcliff appears in ______.A. Jane EyreB. Oliver TwistC. Wuthering HeightsD. Middlemarch Key: C22>Emily Grierson is a literary figure created by ______.A. Willa GatherB. Doris LessingC. William FaulknerD. Nathaniel Hawthorn Key: C23> Mr. Micawber in David Copperfield and Sam Well in Pickwick Papers are perhaps the best ______ characters created by Charles Dickens.A. comicB. tragicC. roundD. sophisticated Key: A24> Mr. Darcy is a character in ______.A. Tess of the D' UrhervillesB. Pride and PrejudiceC. Happy PrinceD. The Mill on the Floss Key: B25> The image of the famous "henpecked husband" is created by______.A. Washington IrvingB. Fennimore CooperC. Edith WhartonD. William Dean Howells Key: A26> ______ is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A. RomanceB. NovelC. SonnetD. Drama Key: A27> ______ was the most important person of the transcendental club.A. HawthornB. WhitmanC. EmersonD. Thoreau Key: C28> The literary spokesman of the Jazz is often thought to be _____.A. O'NeilB. PoundC. Robert FrostD. Scott Fitzgerald Key: D29>Together with Lawrence and Joyce, ______ is considered one of the three giants of the modern English novel and a master of English prose.A. Henry JamesB. Joseph ConradC. E. M. ForsterD. Aldous Huxley Key: B30>_____,the author of The Interpretation of Dreams has great impact on literary creation and criticism.A. Carl JungB. Jean-Paul SartreC. Friedrich Wilhelm NietzscheD. Sigmund Freud Key: D31> Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Modernism?A.To elevate the individual and inner being over the social being.B. To put the stress on traditional values.C.To portray the distorted and alienated relationships between man and his environment.D.To advocate a conscious break with the past. Key: B32>Whitman's poems are characterized by all the following features EXCEPT _____.A. a strict poetic formB. a simple and conversational languageC. a free and natural rhythmic patternD. an easy flow of feelings Key: A33> Who initiated the name of the Lost Generation?A. Hemingway.B. Fitzgerald.C. Gertrude Stein.D. William Faulkner. Key: C34> The high tide of Romanticism in American literature occurred around ______.A. 1820B. 1850C. 1880D. 1920 Key: A35> The success of Jane Eyre is partly due to its introduction to the English novel the first _____ heroine.A. explorerB. peasantC. workerD. governess Key: D36> _____ is the representative work of the Beat Generation.A. The Great GatsbyB. On the RoadC. Look Back in AngerD. The Sun Also Rises Key: B37>The most significant idea of the Renaissance is ______.A. humanismB. realismC. naturalismD. skepticism Key: A38>The title of Thackeray's "Vanity Fair" is taken from __A. The Holy BibleB. The Faerie QueenC.The Pilgrim's ProgressD. Paradise Lost Key: C39>Who is considered the father of American poetry?A. Philip Freneau.B. William Cullen Bryant.C. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.D. Henry David Thoreau.Key: A ( The Wild Honey Suckle)40>Iceberg Theory is a writing principle proposed and closely followedby_______.A. Jack LondonB. Sinclair LewisC. William FaulknerD. Earnest Hemingway Key: D41> _____ is featured by black humor.A. CaricatureB. Catch-22C. The Catcher in the RyeD. Death of a Salesman Key: B42>______ has won the Pulitzer Prize four times and Nobel Prize.A. Ernest HemingwayB. John SteinbeckC. Eugene 0' NeilD. William Faulkner Key: C43> ______ is known as "the poet' s poet".A. ShakespeareB. MarloweC. SpenserD. Donne Key: C44> Robert Burns is a poet from ______.A. EnglandB. New EnglandC. IrelandD. Scotland Key: D45>Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between _____ and _____ centuries.A. 14th/mid-17thB. 14th/mid-18thC. 16th/mid-18thD. 16th/mid-17th Key: A46>O Captain! My Captain! was written in memory of _____.A. Walt WhitmanB. Benjamin FranklinC. Abraham LincolnD. Martin Luther King Key: C47>The first book of the Old Testament is called ______.A. ExodusB. NumbersC. LeviticusD. Genesis Key: D48>William Blake' s The Tiger is collected in ______.A. Songs of InnocenceB. Songs of ExperienceC. Marriage of Heaven and HellD. Poetical Sketches Key: B49>Who is the father of English poetry?A. Shakespeare.B. Edmund Spencer.C. John Milton.D. Geoffrey Chaucer. Key: D50>The 1954 Nobel Prize for literature was awarded to _____ for his "mastery of the art of modem narration".A.William FaulknerB. John SteinbeckC. Saul BellowD. Ernest Hemingway Key: D51>It is generally regarded that Keats’s most important and mature poems are in the form of___.A. odeB. elegyC. epicD. sonnet Key: A52> 0. Henry earned his fame mainly for his _____.A. novelsB. poemsC. short storiesD. dramas Key: C53> Works by ______ are characterized by stream-of-consciousness.A. George EliotB. Jane AustenC. Emily BronteD. Virginia Woolf Key: D54>Who of the followings is a playwright of the "theater of absurd" ?A.John Osborn.B. Wystan Hugh Auden.C. Bernard Shaw.D. Samuel Beckett. Key: D55>In the works of such aesthetics, as ______ and Walter Pater, the theory of "art for art' s sake" is advocated.A. Oscar WildeB. Mrs. GaskellC. Alexander PopeD. Charles Lamb Key: A56>The Romantic Age in England came to an end with the death of______.A. Jane AustinB. Walter ScottC. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. William Wordsworth Key: B57>The Victorian Age was largely an age of ______, eminently represented by Dickens and Thackeray.A. pessimismB. naturalismC. modernismD. critical realism Key: D58>In which novel can "Yahoo" be found?A. John Bunyan' s Pilgrim' s Progress.B.Edmund Spencer’s The Faerie Queen.C. Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels.D. Henry Fielding' s Tom Jones.Key: C (Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Laputa, Yahoo)59>The Bronte Sisters published the following famous novels EXCEPT ______.A. The Tenant of Wildfell HallB. Jane EyreC. Wuthering HeightsD. Agnes Grey Key: A60>Beowulf narrates a story taking place in _____.A. the MediterraneanB. Northern EuropeC. EnglandD. Scandinavia Key: D1.The national epic of the Anglo-Saxons is ____.A . Robin Hood B. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC. The Canterbury TalesD. Beowulf2. ____was the most outstanding single romance on the Arthurian legend written in alliterative verse.A. The Canterbury TalesB. Piers the PlowmanC. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightD. Beowulf3. Most of the ballads of the 5th century focused on the legend about____ as a heroic figure.A. Green NightsB. GawainC. Robin HoodD. Hamlet4.In the 16th century, Thomas More’s work ____became immediately popular after its publication.A. Paradise LostB. A Pleasant Satire of the Three EstatesC. Of BeautyD. Utopia5. ____was Edmund Spencer’s masterpiece which has been regarded as one of the great poems in the English language.A. AmorettiB. The Shepherd’s CalendarC. The Faerie QueenD. Four Hymns6. ____ is from Shakespeare’s sonnet No.18.A. “Let me not to the marriage of true minds”B. “To be or not to be: that is the question”C. “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day”D. “No longer mourn for me when I am dead”7. The vivid portrayal of ____ by Shakespeare in Henry IV has earned for him an enviable place in the history of English literature.A . Julius Caesar B. Falstaff C. Hamlet D. King Henry8.The four great tragedies written by Shakespeare are Hamlet, Macbeth, Othello and ____.A. Antony and CleopatraB. Julius CaesarC. Twelfth NightD. King Lear9. Which of the following does not belong to Shakespeare’s romantic love comedies?A. Twelfth NightB. The TempestC. As You Like ItD. The Merchant of Venice10.The hero who has fallen a victim to his own ambition must be ______.A. HamletB. OthelloC. King LearD. Macbeth11. ______ is acclaimed as “the poets‘poet”,A. ShakespeareB. SpenserC. KeatsD. Chaucer12. The allusion “A Pound of Flesh”comes from Shakespeare‘s ______.A. HamletB. The Merchant of VeniceC. King LearD. Othello13. At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries ______ appeared in England as a new trend in literature.A. RenaissanceB. ReformationC. RomanticismD. Sentimentalism14. Of studies was written by ______.A. John Bunyan.B. John Donne.C. Francis Bacon.D. William Blake.15. Which of the following is the highest form of literary expression?A. Prose.B. Poetry.C. Novel.D. Speech.16. The 18th century in English literature is an age of ______.A. novelB. poemC. proseD. play17. Which of the following work tells how Satan rebelled against God and how Adam and Eve were driven out of Eden?A. Paradise LostB. Paradise Regained.C. L' ALLegro.D. Lycidas.18. Who is the creator and a great master of the historical novel?A. John Keats.B. Walter Scott.C. Jane Austen.D. Charles Lamb.19. Bunyan‘s most important work is ______, written in theold-fashioned, medieval form of allegory and dream.A. The FootprintB. On His BlindnessC. Vanity FairD. The Pilgrim's Progress20. Romanticism as a literary movement came into being in England early in the latter half the ______ century.A. 16thB. 17thC. 18thD. 19th21. The novel Oliver Twist was written by ______.A. Jane AustenB. John Keats C . Charles Dickens D. George Eliot22. In Anglo-Saxon period, “Beowulf”represented the ______poetry.A. paganB. religionsC. romanticD. sentimental23. The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama. It was ______who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama.A. Christopher MarloweB. Thomas LodgeC. Edmund SpenserD. Thomas More24. At the beginning of the 16th century the outstanding humanist______wrote his Utopia in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of the people‘s suffering and put forward his ideal of a future happy society.A. Thomas MoreB. Thomas MarloweC. Francis BaconD. William Shakespeare25. Of the following plays ______ is not a comedy.A. A Midsummer Night‘s DreamB. The Merchant of V eniceC. Twelfth NightD. Romeo and Juliet26. The first poem in The lyrical Ballads is Coleridge‘s masterpieceA. Kubla KhanB. The PreludeC. The Rime of Ancient MarinerD. Tintern Abbey27.Dickens takes the French Revolution as the background of the novel______.A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. Great ExpectationsC. Hard TimesD. David Copperfield28. Chaucer was the first important poet of a royal court to write in ______ after the Norman Conquest.A. FrenchB. LatinC. EnglishD. Greek29. Beowulf was written in ______.A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Early Modem EnglishD. French30. The English Renaissance period was an age of______.A. drama and novelB. poetry and dramaC. novel and poetryD. romance and poetry1---5 D C C D C 6-10 C B D B D11-15 B B C C B 16-20 C A B D C21-25 C A A A D 26-30 C A C A B。
英语中所有19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句
英语中所有19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句英语中所有19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句拟声onomatopoeia，头韵alliteration，半韵assonance，移就transferred epithet，圆周句periodic sentences，反复repetition，倒装inversion，延喻extended metaphor，共轭zeugma，嘲讽 ridicule 典故allusion1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as 等.例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.例如:1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻[m?'t?n?m?]借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如:1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如:a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche 提喻[s?'nekd?k?]提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.例如:1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)他的厂里约有100名工人.2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)他是本世纪的牛顿.3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉[,s?n?s'θi?z??]这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。
大学英语中的修辞手法
大学英语中常见的修辞手法1 明喻(Simile)明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系，两者都在对比中出现，其基本格式是“A像B”，常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。
如果使用得当可以把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白，使人可见可感可悟，把简单的事物表达的更为形象更为生动。
例如：Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.（正如爬山，我们费力爬上三英尺，又掉下去两英尺。
）(大学英语第一册第三单元课文B)I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻，把德国士兵比作蝗虫，因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。
)2 暗喻(the metaphor)暗喻也是一种比喻，但不用比喻词，因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。
它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征，用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。
本体和喻体之间不用比喻词，只是在暗中打比方，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现力。
例如：I will do anything I can to help him through life's dangerous sea.（我将全力帮助他穿越人生的惊涛骇浪。
）(第二册第三单元课文A)Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and right of man in the modern world.(想想吧，孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由和人权准则。
英语30种修辞手法
以下是英语中常见的30种修辞手法：Alliteration（头韵）: 一组词以相同的辅音音素开头。
Assonance（音韵）: 一组词以相似的元音音素结尾或出现在词中。
Consonance（谐音）: 一组词以相似的辅音音素结尾或出现在词中。
Simile（明喻）: 使用"like"或"as"来进行比较，以明确两个不同的事物之间的相似之处。
Metaphor（隐喻）: 通过将一个事物或概念直接应用于另一个事物或概念来进行比喻。
Personification（拟人）: 赋予非人类事物或抽象概念人类的特征和行为。
Hyperbole（夸张法）: 通过夸大和放大来强调一个观点或形容事物。
Understatement（轻描淡写法）: 通过故意低估事物的重要性或程度来强调其效果。
Irony（讽刺）: 通过语言表达与实际意义相反或冲突的观点。
Paradox（矛盾）: 使用自相矛盾的语句来引起读者的思考和注意。
Oxymoron（矛盾修辞法）: 将两个相反的词或短语并列使用，形成矛盾的修辞效果。
Euphemism（委婉语）: 使用较为委婉的措辞来替代直接或冒犯性的表达。
Repetition（重复）: 在文章或诗歌中重复使用相同的词语或短语来强调观点。
Parallelism（排比）: 使用类似的语法结构或句式来强调一组观点。
Antithesis（对偶）: 在句子或短语中对立地表达两个相反的观点或概念。
Climax（递进）: 通过递进的方式将观点或事件按照重要性或程度进行排列。
Juxtaposition（并列）: 将两个不同的事物或观点放置在一起，以产生对比或突出效果。
Anaphora（回文）: 在连续的句子或短语中重复使用相同的词语或短语。
Epiphora（尾韵）: 在句子或短语的结尾重复使用相同的词语或短语。
Allusion（典故）: 引用文学、历史或文化中的人物、事件或作品来传达观点或增加文采。
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浅谈大学英语中常见的修辞手法
摘要：对大学英语里常见的几个修辞方法作了说明。
关键词：明喻；暗语；转喻；夸张
1 明喻(Simile)
明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系，两者都在对比中出现，其基本格式是“A像B”，常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。
如果使用得当可以把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白，使人可见可感可悟，把简单的事物表达的更为形象更为生动。
例如：
Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.（正如爬山，我们费力爬上三英尺，又掉下去两英尺。
）(大学英语第一册第三单元课文B)
I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻，把德国士兵比作蝗虫，因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。
)
2 暗喻(the metaphor)
暗喻也是一种比喻，但不用比喻词，因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。
它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征，用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。
本体和喻体之间不用比喻词，只是在暗中打比方，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现力。
例如：
I will do anything I can to help him through life's dangerous sea.（我将全力帮助他穿越人生的惊涛骇浪。
）(第二册第三单元课文A)
Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and right of man in the modern world.(想想吧，孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由和人权准则。
)（大学英语第二册第七单元课文A）
Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding.（每一封信就像落在肥沃土地上的种子，浪漫之花含苞待放。
）(大学英语第一册地五单元课文A)
3 转喻(the metonymy)
转喻是通过相近的联想，借喻体代替本体。
转喻是比隐喻更进一步的比喻，它根本不说出本体事物，直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。
例如：
The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工（这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。
“Well,”said the doctor.“I will do all that science can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral porcession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.”(“好吧，”医生说，“我会尽力做到科学能做到的，但每当我的病人开始数自己葬礼上的马车时，药物的疗效就会减掉一半。
”)（大学英语第三册第六单元课文A）
4 夸张(the exaggeration)
把事物的特征，有意地加以夸大或缩小，就叫夸张，即采用“言过其实”的说法，使事物的本质特征更好地呈现出来。
英语中夸张修辞格，应用极为频繁。
夸张的
功能是突出事物的本质特征，因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发。
例如：
Most American remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.(在大多数美国人的心目中，马克.吐温是位伟大作家，他描写哈克.费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆.索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。
)（eternal和endless都是夸张用语，表示哈克.费恩童年时期田园般的旅游和汤姆.索亚夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事都已成为永恒不朽之作。
）
5 拟人(the personifjcation)
所谓拟人就是把无生命的事物当作有生命的事物来描写，赋予无生命之物以感情和动作或是把动物人格化。
例如：
The first day of this term found me on my way to school, beautiful flowers smiling and lovely birds singing in the wood.(新学期第一天上学的路上,美丽的花儿在微笑,可爱的小鸟在林中歌唱.)（采用拟人化的修辞手法使句更为生动,表达更富情感.）
The cold breath of autumn had blown away its leaves, leaving it almost
bare.(萧瑟的秋风吹落了枝叶，藤上几乎是光秃秃的。
) （这里作者运用了拟人手法，将秋天比做人，秋天吹出的寒冷的呼吸就是秋风。
语言表达生动、有力，让人有身处其境的感觉）（大学英语第三册第六课课文A）
6 反语(the irony)
反语就是说反话，用反话来表达思想、观点、事物等等。
有的时候可以达到讽刺的意味。
例如：
“What fine weather for an outing!”(计划了一个美好的出游却被一场大雨搅和了，于是出现了上面的这句话，通过反语达到讽刺的效果，从而更能够反映出当时的无奈与沮丧。
)
7 头韵(the alliteration )
头韵即连续数个单词的头音或头字母相同，这种现象在英语中常见。
例如：
I felt sick, and ever since then they have been testing and treating me.(打那时起，他们就一直不断地对我进行体检和治疗。
)（testing 和treating 用在这里是为了取得一种文字的音乐美的效果。
）
Michael's dedication, determination and discipline was a coach's dream.(迈克尔的投入、执着、自律正是每个教练梦寐以求的。
)（作者在这里运用押头韵突出了主人公不达目的不罢休的决心。
）（大学英语第二册第五课课文A）
8 矛盾修辞法(Oxymoron)
所谓矛盾修辞法，就是把意思上回响矛盾互相排斥的词语紧密地联系在一起，来描述一个事物，或表达一种思想，说明一个道理，或寻求一个哲理。
，用这种方法，语言精炼简洁，富有哲理，并产生强大的逻辑力量，产生一种出人意料，引人入胜的效果。
A miserable, merry Christmas(悲喜交加的圣诞节)。
圣诞节那天，故事主人公小男孩经历了从痛苦的边缘到幸福的顶峰的过程。
因此，父母精心安排的圣诞节既是最糟的，又是最好的。
Such is the glorious messiness of English. That happy tolerance, that willingness to accept words from anyway, explains the richness of English and way it has become, to a very real extent, the first truly global language.(由此一
斑可见英语中绚丽多彩的杂乱无章现象。
这种乐于包容的精神，这种不管源自何方来者不拒的胸怀，恰好解释了英语何以会如此丰富，成为一个真正的全球语言。
)（大学英语第二册第七课课文B）
9 双关语(pun)
双关语(pun)是英语中一种常见的修辞手法.该修辞格巧妙利用词的谐音、词的多义或歧义等,使同一句话可同时表达不同意义,以造成语言生动活泼、幽默诙谐或嘲弄讥讽的修辞效果,使人读来忍俊不禁。
True Height (真正的高度) （height是一语双关，既指跳高横竿的高度，也指人生奋斗达到的目标。
）（大学英语第二册第五课文A）
Hiroshima - the “Liveliest” City in Japan（广岛- 日本”最有活力”的城市）(作者将Liveliest 一词用引号引起来是有意表明，人们竟然把一个遭受过原子弹轰炸的城市说成是“做快活的”，真是莫大的讥讽，同时也是进行今昔对比，可谓是一语双关。
)
修辞所追求的效果是语言表达得完美。
修辞格是达到此境界的重要方式之一。
要正确、恰当地运用修辞格，涉及的问题很多。
其中一个十分重要的问题是切勿忘记，语言的完美必然建筑在语言的正确、准确使用的基础上，因此修辞格的运用不仅必须以合乎语法规则为前提，还要以合乎逻辑──正确思维方法为前提。