AWL英语学术词汇表(1)
AWL英语学术词汇表
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word Listanalyse*analysed*analyser*analysers*analyses*analysing*analysis*analyst*analysts*analytic*analytical*analytically *analyze*analyzed*analyzes*analyzing approach*approachable *approached *approaches economy*economic*economical*economically*economics*economies*economist*economists*uneconomicalenvironment*environmental*environmentalist*environmentalists*environmentally*environmentsestablish*disestablish*disestablished*disestablishes*disestablishinglegislate*legislated*legislates*legislating*legislation*legislative*legislator*legislators*legislaturemajor*majorities*majoritymethod*methodical*methodological*methodologies*methodology*methodsoccur*occurred*approaching*unapproachable area*areasassess*assessable*assessed*assesses*assessing*assessment*assessments*reassess*reassessed*reassessing*reassessment *unassessed assume*assumed*assumes*assuming*assumption*assumptions *disestablishment*established*establishes*establishing*establishment*establishmentsestimate*estimated*estimates*estimating*estimation*estimations*over-estimate*overestimate*overestimated*overestimates*overestimating*underestimate*underestimated*underestimates*underestimatingevident*occurrence*occurrences*occurring*occurs*reoccur*reoccurred*reoccurring*reoccurspercent*percentage*percentagesperiod*periodic*periodical*periodically*periodicals*periodspolicy*policiesprinciple*principled*principlesauthority*authoritative*authorities available*availability*unavailable benefit*beneficial*beneficiary*beneficiaries*benefited*benefiting*benefits concept*conception*concepts*conceptual*conceptualisation *conceptualise*conceptualised *conceptualises *conceptualising *evidenced*evidence*evidential*evidentlyexport*exported*exporter*exporters*exporting*exportsfactor*factored*factoring*factorsfinance*financed*finances*financial*financially*financier*financiers*financing*unprincipledproceed*procedural*procedure*procedures*proceeded*proceeding*proceedings*proceedsprocess*processed*processes*processingrequire*required*requirement*requirements*requires*requiringresearch*researched*researcher*conceptually consist*consisted*consistency*consistent*consistently*consisting*consists*inconsistencies *inconsistency *inconsistent constitute*constituencies *constituency *constituent*constituents*constituted*constitutes*constituting*constitution*constitutions *constitutional formula*formulae*formulas*formulate*formulated*formulating*formulation*formulations*reformulate*reformulated*reformulating*reformulation*reformulationsfunction*functional*functionally*functioned*functioning*functionsidentify*identifiable*identification*researchers*researches*researchingrespond*responded*respondent*respondents*responding*responds*response*responses*responsive*responsiveness*unresponsiverole*rolessection*sectioned*sectioning*sectionssector*sectors*constitutionally *constitutive*unconstitutional context*contexts*contextual*contextualise*contextualised *contextualising *uncontextualised *contextualize*contextualized *contextualizing *uncontextualized contract*contracted*contracting*contractor*contractors*contracts create*created *identified*identifies*identifying*identities*identity*unidentifiableincome*incomesindicate*indicated*indicates*indicating*indication*indications*indicative*indicator*indicatorsindividual*individualised*individuality*individualism*individualistsignificant*insignificant*insignificantly*significance*significantly*signified*signifies*signify*signifyingsimilar*dissimilar*similarities*similarity*similarlysource*sourced*sources*sourcingspecific*specifically*specification*specifications*creates*creating *creation *creations *creative *creatively *creativity *creator*creators *recreate *recreated *recreates *recreating data define*definable *defined*defines*defining *definition *definitions *redefine *individualists*individualistic*individually*individualsinterpret*interpretation*interpretations*interpretative*interpreted*interpreting*interpretive*interprets*misinterpret*misinterpretation*misinterpretations*misinterpreted*misinterpreting*misinterprets*reinterpret*reinterpreted*reinterprets*reinterpreting*specificity*specificsstructure*restructure*restructured*restructures*restructuring*structural*structurally*structured*structures*structuring*unstructuredtheory*theoretical*theoretically*theories*theorist*theoristsvary*invariable*invariably*redefined*redefines*redefining *undefined derive*derivation*derivations *derivative*derivatives *derived*derives*deriving distribute*distributed *distributing *distribution *distributional *distributions *distributive *distributor *distributors *redistribute *reinterpretation*reinterpretationsinvolve*involved*involvement*involves*involving*uninvolvedissue*issued*issues*issuinglabour*labor*labored*labors*laboured*labouring*labourslegal*illegal*illegality*variability*variable*variables*variably*variance*variant*variants*variation*variations*varied*varies*varying*redistributed *redistributes *redistributing *redistribution *illegally *legality *legallySublist 2 of the Academic Word Listachieve*achievable *achieved*achievement *achievements *achieves*achieving acquire*acquired*acquires*acquiring*acquisition*acquisitions administrate *administrates distinct*distinction*distinctions*distinctive*distinctively*distinctly*indistinct*indistinctlyelement*elementsequate*equated*equates*equating*equationparticipate*participant*participants*participated*participates*participating*participation*participatoryperceive*perceived*perceives*perceiving*perception*perceptionspositive*administration *administrations *administrative *administratively *administrator *administrators affect*affected*affecting*affective*affectively*affects*unaffected appropriate*appropriacy*appropriately *appropriateness *inappropriacy *inappropriate *inappropriately aspect*aspects *equationsevaluate*evaluated*evaluates*evaluating*evaluation*evaluations*evaluative*re-evaluate*re-evaluated*re-evaluates*re-evaluating*re-evaluationfeature*featured*features*featuringfinal*finalise*finalised*finalises*finalising*positivelypotential*potentiallyprevious*previouslyprimary*primarilypurchase*purchased*purchaser*purchasers*purchases*purchasingrange*ranged*ranges*rangingregion*regional*regionally*regionsregulateassist*assistance*assistant*assistants*assisted*assisting*assists*unassisted category*categories*categorisation *categorise*categorised *categorises *categorising *categorization *categorized *categorizes *categorizing chapter*chapters commission *finalize*finalized*finalizes*finalizing*finality*finally*finalsfocus*focused*focuses*focusing*focussed*focussing*refocus*refocused*refocuses*refocusing*refocussed*refocusses*refocussingimpact*impacted*deregulated*deregulates*deregulating*deregulation*regulated*regulates*regulating*regulation*regulations*regulator*regulators*regulatory*unregulatedrelevant*irrelevance*irrelevant*relevancereside*resided*residence*resident*residential*commissioned *commissioner *commissioners *commissioning *commissions community*communities complex*complexities *complexity compute*computation *computational *computations *computable*computer*computed*computerised *computers*computing conclude*concluded *impacting*impactsinjure*injured*injures*injuries*injuring*injury*uninjuredinstitute*instituted*institutes*instituting*institution*institutional*institutionalise*institutionalised*institutionalises*institutionalising*institutionalized*institutionalizes*institutionalizing*residents*resides*residingresource*resourced*resourceful*resources*resourcing*unresourceful*under-resourcedrestrict*restricted*restricting*restriction*restrictions*restrictive*restrictively*restricts*unrestricted*unrestrictivesecure*insecure*concludes*concluding*conclusion*conclusions *conclusive*conclusively *inconclusive *inconclusively conduct*conducted*conducting*conducts consequent*consequence *consequences *consequently construct*constructed *constructing *construction *constructions *constructive *institutionally*institutionsinvest*invested*investing*investment*investments*investor*investors*invests*reinvest*reinvested*reinvesting*reinvestment*reinvestsitem*itemisation*itemise*itemised*itemises*itemising*items*insecurities*insecurity*secured*securely*secures*securing*securities*securityseek*seeking*seeks*soughtselect*selected*selecting*selection*selections*selective*selectively*selector*selectors*selects*constructs*reconstruct *reconstructed *reconstructing *reconstruction *reconstructs consume*consumed*consumer*consumers*consumes*consuming*consumption credit*credited*crediting*creditor*creditors*credits culture*cultural*culturally journal*journalsmaintain*maintained*maintaining*maintains*maintenancenormal*abnormal*abnormally*normalisation*normalise*normalised*normalises*normalising*normalization*normalize*normalized*normalizes*normalizing*normality*normallysite*sitesstrategy*strategic*strategies*strategically*strategist*strategistssurvey*surveyed*surveying*surveystext*texts*textualtradition*non-traditional*traditional*traditionalist*traditionally*traditionstransfer*cultured *cultures *uncultured design*designed *designer *designers *designing *designs obtain*obtainable*obtained*obtaining*obtains*unobtainable*transferable*transference*transferred*transferring*transfersSublist 3 of the Academic Word Listalternative*alternatively *alternatives circumstance *circumstances comment*commentaries *commentary *commentator *commentators *commented emphasis*emphasise*emphasised*emphasising*emphasize*emphasized*emphasizes*emphasizing*emphatic*emphaticallyensurephilosophy*philosopher*philosophers*philosophical*philosophically*philosophies*philosophise*philosophised*philosophises*philosophising*philosophize*commenting *comments compensate*compensated *compensates *compensating *compensation *compensations *compensatory component*componentry *components consent*consensus*consented*consenting*consents considerable*considerably constant*constancy*constantly *ensured*ensures*ensuringexclude*excluded*excludes*excluding*exclusion*exclusionary*exclusionist*exclusions*exclusive*exclusivelyframework*frameworksfund*funded*funder*funders*funding*fundsillustrate*philosophized*philosophizes*philosophizingphysical*physicallyproportion*disproportion*disproportionate*disproportionately*proportional*proportionally*proportionate*proportionately*proportionspublish*published*publisher*publishers*publishes*publishing*unpublishedreact*constants*inconstancy *inconstantly constrain*constrained*constraining *constrains*constraint*constraints*unconstrained contribute*contributed*contributes*contributing *contribution*contributions *contributor*contributors convene*convention*convenes *convened *illustrated*illustrates*illustrating*illustration*illustrations*illustrativeimmigrate*immigrant*immigrants*immigrated*immigrates*immigrating*immigrationimply*implied*implies*implyinginitial*initiallyinstance*instancesinteract*reacted*reacts*reacting*reaction*reactionaries*reactionary*reactions*reactive*reactivate*reactivation*reactor*reactorsregister*deregister*deregistered*deregistering*deregisters*deregistration*registered*registering*registers*registration*convening*conventional *conventionally *conventions *unconventional coordinate*coordinated*coordinates*coordinating *coordination *coordinator*coordinators *co-ordinate*co-ordinated *co-ordinates *co-ordinating *co-ordination *co-ordinator *co-ordinators core*cores*coring *interacted*interacting*interaction*interactions*interactive*interactively*interactsjustify*justifiable*justifiably*justification*justifications*justified*justifies*justifying*unjustifiedlayer*layered*layering*layerslink*linkagerely*reliability*reliable*reliably*reliance*reliant*relied*relies*relying*unreliableremove*removable*removal*removals*removed*removes*removingscheme*schematic*schematically*schemed*schemes*cored corporate*corporates*corporation*corporations correspond*corresponded *correspondence *corresponding *correspondingly *corresponds criteria*criterion deduce*deduced*deduces*deducing*deduction*deductions demonstrate*demonstrable *demonstrably *linkages*linked*linking*linkslocate*located*locating*location*locations*relocate*relocated*relocates*relocating*relocationmaximise*max*maximised*maximises*maximising*maximisation*maximize*maximized*schemingsequence*sequenced*sequences*sequencing*sequential*sequentiallysex*sexes*sexism*sexual*sexuality*sexuallyshift*shifted*shifting*shiftsspecify*specifiable*specified*specifies*specifying*demonstrated *demonstrates *demonstrating *demonstration *demonstrations *demonstrative *demonstratively *demonstrator *demonstrators document*documentation *documented*documenting *documents dominate*dominance*dominant*dominated*dominates*dominating*domination *maximizes*maximizing*maximization*maximumminor*minorities*minority*minorsnegate*negative*negated*negates*negating*negatively*negativesoutcome*outcomespartner*partners*partnership*partnerships*unspecifiedsufficient*sufficiency*insufficient*insufficiently*sufficientlytask*taskstechnical*technicallytechnique*techniquestechnology*technological*technologicallyvalid*invalidate*invalidity*validate*validated*validating*validation*validity*validlyvolume*volumes*vol Sublist 4 of the Academic Word Listaccess*accessed*accesses*accessibility *accessible *accessing*inaccessible adequate*adequacy*adequately *inadequacies *inadequacy *inadequate *inadequately annual error*erroneous*erroneously*errorsethnic*ethnicitygoal*goalsgrant*granted*granting*grantshencehypothesis*hypothesesparallel*paralleled*parallelled*parallelling*parallels*unparalleledparameter*parametersphase*phased*phases*phasingpredict*predictability*predictable*annually apparent*apparently approximate*approximated *approximately *approximates *approximating *approximation *approximations attitude*attitudes attribute*attributable*attributed*attributes*attributing*attribution civilcode*coded*codes *hypothesise*hypothesised*hypothesises*hypothesising*hypothesize*hypothesized*hypothesizes*hypothesizing*hypothetical*hypotheticallyimplement*implementation*implemented*implementing*implementsimplicate*implicated*implicates*implicating*implication*implicationsimpose*predictably*predicted*predicting*prediction*predictions*predicts*unpredictability*unpredictableprincipal*principallypriorprofessional*professionally*professionals*professionalismproject*projected*projecting*projection*projections*projectspromote*codingcommit*commitment*commitments*commits*committed*committing communicate*communicable*communicated *communicates*communicating *communication *communications *communicative *communicatively *uncommunicative concentrate*concentrated*concentrates*concentrating*concentration *imposed*imposes*imposing*impositionintegrate*integrated*integrates*integrating*integrationinternal*internalise*internalised*internalises*internalising*internalize*internalized*internalizes*internalizing*internallyinvestigate*investigated*investigates*promoted*promoter*promoters*promotes*promoting*promotion*promotionsregime*regimesresolve*resolution*resolved*resolves*resolving*unresolvedretain*retained*retaining*retainer*retainers*retains*retentionconfer*conference *conferences *conferred *conferring *confers contrast*contrasted *contrasting *contrastive *contrasts cycle*cycled*cycles*cyclic*cyclical*cycling debate*debatable *debated*debates*debating *investigating*investigation*investigations*investigative*investigator*investigatorsjob*jobslabel*labeled*labeling*labelled*labelling*labelsmechanism*mechanismsobvious*obviouslyoccupy*occupancy*occupant*occupants*retentiveseriesstatistic*statistician*statisticians*statistical*statistically*statisticsstatusstress*stressed*stresses*stressful*stressing*unstressedsubsequent*subsequentlysum*summation*summed*summing*sumsdespite dimension*dimensional*dimensions*multidimensional domestic*domestically*domesticate*domesticated*domesticating*domestics emerge*emerged*emergence*emergent*emerges*emerging *occupation*occupational*occupations*occupied*occupier*occupiers*occupies*occupyingoption*optional*optionsoutput*outputsoverallsummary*summaries*summarise*summarised*summarises*summarising*summarisation*summarisations*summarization*summarizations*summarize*summarized*summarizes*summarizingundertake*undertaken*undertakes*undertaking*undertookSublist 5 of the Academic Word Listacademy expand orient*academia*academic*academically *academics*academies adjust*adjusted*adjusting*adjustment *adjustments *adjusts*readjust*readjusted*readjusting *readjustment *readjustments *readjusts alter*alterable*alteration*alterations*altered *expanded*expanding*expands*expansion*expansionism*expansiveexpose*exposed*exposes*exposing*exposure*exposuresexternal*externalisation*externalise*externalised*externalises*externalising*externality*externalization*externalize*externalized*orientate*orientated*orientates*orientation*orientating*oriented*orienting*orients*reorient*reorientationperspective*perspectivesprecise*imprecise*precisely*precisionprime*primacypsychology*psychological*psychologically*psychologist*altering*alternate*alternating *alters*unalterable *unaltered amend*amended*amending*amendment *amendments *amends aware*awareness *unaware capacity*capacities*incapacitate *incapacitated challenge*challenged *challenger *externalizes*externalizing*externallyfacilitate*facilitated*facilitates*facilities*facilitating*facilitation*facilitator*facilitators*facilityfundamental*fundamentallygenerate*generated*generates*generatinggeneration*generationsimage*imagery*psychologistspursue*pursued*pursues*pursuing*pursuit*pursuitsratio* ratiosreject*rejected*rejecting*rejection*rejects*rejectionsrevenue*revenuesstable*instability*stabilisation*stabilise*stabilised*challengers *challenges *challenging clause*clauses compound*compounded *compounding *compounds conflict*conflicted*conflicting *conflicts consult*consultancy *consultant*consultants *consultation *consultations *consultative *consulted*consults *imagesliberal*liberalise*liberalism*liberalisation*liberalised*liberalises*liberalising*liberalization*liberalize*liberalized*liberalizes*liberalizing*liberate*liberated*liberates*liberation*liberations*liberating*liberator*liberators*liberally*stabilises*stabilising*stabilization*stabilize*stabilized*stabilizes*stabilizing*stability*unstablestyle*styled*styles*styling*stylish*stylise*stylised*stylises*stylising*stylize*stylized*stylizes*stylizing*consulting contact*contactable *contacted*contacting *contacts decline*declined*declines*declining discrete*discretely*discretion *discretionary *indiscrete*indiscretion draft*drafted*drafting*drafts*redraft*redrafted *liberalslicence*licences*license*licensed*licensing*licenses*unlicensedlogic*illogical*illogically*logical*logically*logician*logiciansmargin*marginal*marginally*marginsmedical*medicallymentalsubstitute*substituted*substitutes*substituting*substitutionsustain*sustainable*sustainability*sustained*sustaining*sustains*sustenance*unsustainablesymbol*symbolic*symbolically*symbolise*symbolises*symbolised*symbolising*symbolism*symbolize*redrafting*redrafts enable*enabled*enables*enabling energy*energetic*energetically *energies enforce*enforced*enforcement *enforces*enforcing entity*entities equivalent*equivalence evolve*evolution*evolved *mentality*mentallymodify*modification*modifications*modified*modifies*modifying*unmodifiedmonitor*monitored*monitoring*monitors*unmonitorednetwork*networked*networking*networksnotion*notionsobjective*objectively*symbolized*symbolizes*symbolizing*symbolstarget*targeted*targeting*targetstransit*transited*transiting*transition*transitional*transitions*transitory*transitstrend*trendsversion*versionswelfarewhe*evolving*evolves*evolutionary*evolutionist*evolutionists*objectivity Sublist 6 of the Academic Word Listabstract*abstraction*abstractions *abstractly*abstracts accurate*accuracy*accurately*inaccuracy*inaccuracies *inaccurate acknowledge*acknowledged *acknowledges *acknowledging enhance*enhanced*enhancement*enhances*enhancingestate*estatesexceed*exceeded*exceeding*exceedsexpert*expertise*expertly*expertsneutral*neutralisation*neutralise*neutralised*neutralises*neutralising*neutrality*neutralization*neutralize*neutralized*neutralizes*neutralizingneverthelessoverseasprecede*acknowledgement *acknowledgements aggregate*aggregated*aggregates*aggregating*aggregation allocate*allocated*allocates*allocating*allocation*allocations assign*assigned*assigning*assignment*assignments*assigns*reassign*reassigned*reassigning explicit*explicitlyfederal*federation*federationsfee*feesflexible*flexibility*inflexible*inflexibilityfurthermoregender*gendersignorant*ignorance*ignore*ignored*ignores*ignoringincentive*incentives*preceded*precedence*precedent*precedes*preceding*unprecedentedpresume*presumably*presumed*presumes*presuming*presumption*presumptions*presumptuousrational*irrational*rationalisation*rationalisations*rationalise*rationalised*rationalises*rationalising*reassigns *unassigned attach*attached*attaches*attaching *attachment *attachments *unattached author*authored*authoring *authors*authorship bond*bonded*bonding*bonds brief*brevity*briefed*briefing incidence*incident*incidentally*incidentsincorporate*incorporated*incorporates*incorporating*incorporationindex*indexed*indexes*indexinginhibit*inhibited*inhibiting*inhibition*inhibitions*inhibitsinitiate*initiated*initiates*rationalism*rationality*rationalization*rationalizations*rationalize*rationalized*rationalizes*rationallyrecover*recoverable*recovered*recovering*recovers*recoveryreveal*revealed*revealing*reveals*revelation*revelationsscopesubsidy。
AWL英语学术词汇表
《英语常用学术词汇表》《英语学术词汇表》(The Academic Word List, AWL)是一个由Victoria University of Wellingt on, New Zealand 的一些应用语言学家统计出来的词汇表,它包含了学术英语(English for Academ ic Purpose)中最常用的570个词目(headwords)。
《英语学术词汇表》分10个sublists (小类),除了第10小类包含30个词目外,其他小类均含有60个词目。
Sublist 1(第1类)包含的词汇最常用,sublist 2(第2类)中的词汇使用频率稍低,其他的sublist3 依次类推。
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word Listanalyseanalysedanalyseranalysersanalysesanalysinganalysisanalystanalystsanalyticanalyticalanalyticallyanalyzeanalyzedanalyzes economyeconomiceconomicaleconomicallyeconomicseconomieseconomisteconomistsuneconomicalenvironmentenvironmentalenvironmentalistenvironmentalistsenvironmentallyenvironmentslegislatelegislatedlegislateslegislatinglegislationlegislativelegislatorlegislatorslegislaturemajormajoritiesmajoritymethodmethodicalmethodologicalanalyzing approachapproachableapproachedapproachesapproachingunapproachable areaareasassessassessableassessedassessesassessingassessmentassessmentsreassessreassessedreassessingreassessmentunassessed assumeassumed establishdisestablishdisestablisheddisestablishesdisestablishingdisestablishmentestablishedestablishesestablishingestablishmentestablishmentsestimateestimatedestimatesestimatingestimationestimationsover-estimateoverestimateoverestimatedoverestimatesoverestimatingunderestimatemethodologiesmethodologymethodsoccuroccurredoccurrenceoccurrencesoccurringoccursreoccurreoccurredreoccurringreoccurspercentpercentagepercentagesperiodperiodicperiodicalperiodicallyperiodicalsperiodspolicyassumesassumingassumptionassumptions authorityauthoritativeauthorities availableavailabilityunavailable benefitbeneficialbeneficiarybeneficiariesbenefitedbenefitingbenefitsconceptconceptionconceptsconceptualconceptualisationconceptualiseunderestimatedunderestimatesunderestimatingevidentevidencedevidenceevidentialevidentlyexportexportedexporterexportersexportingexportsfactorfactoredfactoringfactorsfinancefinancedfinancesfinancialfinanciallypoliciesprincipleprincipledprinciplesunprincipledproceedproceduralprocedureproceduresproceededproceedingproceedingsproceedsprocessprocessedprocessesprocessingrequirerequiredrequirementrequirementsrequiresrequiringconceptualisedconceptualisesconceptualisingconceptually consistconsistedconsistencyconsistentconsistentlyconsistingconsistsinconsistenciesinconsistencyinconsistent constituteconstituenciesconstituencyconstituentconstituentsconstitutedconstitutesconstitutingconstitutionfinancierfinanciersfinancingformulaformulaeformulasformulateformulatedformulatingformulationformulationsreformulatereformulatedreformulatingreformulationreformulationsfunctionfunctionalfunctionallyfunctionedfunctioningfunctionsidentifyresearchresearchedresearcherresearchersresearchesresearchingrespondrespondedrespondentrespondentsrespondingrespondsresponseresponsesresponsiveresponsivenessunresponsiverolerolessectionsectionedsectioningsectionsconstitutionsconstitutionalconstitutionallyconstitutiveunconstitutional contextcontextscontextualcontextualisecontextualisedcontextualisinguncontextualisedcontextualizecontextualizedcontextualizinguncontextualized contractcontractedcontractingcontractorcontractorscontractscreateidentifiableidentificationidentifiedidentifiesidentifyingidentitiesidentityunidentifiableincomeincomesindicateindicatedindicatesindicatingindicationindicationsindicativeindicatorindicatorsindividualindividualisedindividualityindividualismsectorsectorssignificantinsignificantinsignificantlysignificancesignificantlysignifiedsignifiessignifysignifyingsimilardissimilarsimilaritiessimilaritysimilarlysourcesourcedsourcessourcingspecificspecificallyspecificationcreatedcreatescreatingcreationcreationscreativecreativelycreativitycreatorcreatorsrecreaterecreatedrecreatesrecreating datadefinedefinabledefineddefinesdefiningdefinitiondefinitionsredefineindividualistindividualistsindividualisticindividuallyindividualsinterpretinterpretationinterpretationsinterpretativeinterpretedinterpretinginterpretiveinterpretsmisinterpretmisinterpretationmisinterpretationsmisinterpretedmisinterpretingmisinterpretsreinterpretreinterpretedreinterpretsreinterpretingspecificationsspecificityspecificsstructurerestructurerestructuredrestructuresrestructuringstructuralstructurallystructuredstructuresstructuringunstructuredtheorytheoreticaltheoreticallytheoriestheoristtheoristsvaryinvariableinvariablyredefinedredefinesredefiningundefined derivederivationderivationsderivativederivativesderivedderivesderiving distributedistributeddistributingdistributiondistributionaldistributionsdistributivedistributordistributorsredistributeredistributedreinterpretationreinterpretationsinvolveinvolvedinvolvementinvolvesinvolvinguninvolvedissueissuedissuesissuinglabourlaborlaboredlaborslabouredlabouringlabourslegalillegalillegalityillegallyvariabilityvariablevariablesvariablyvariancevariantvariantsvariationvariationsvariedvariesvaryingredistributes redistributing redistribution legality legallySublist 2 of the Academic Word Listachieveachievableachievedachievementachievementsachievesachieving acquireacquiredacquiresacquiringacquisitionacquisitions administrateadministratesadministrationadministrationsadministrative distinctdistinctiondistinctionsdistinctivedistinctivelydistinctlyindistinctindistinctlyelementelementsequateequatedequatesequatingequationequationsevaluateevaluatedparticipateparticipantparticipantsparticipatedparticipatesparticipatingparticipationparticipatoryperceiveperceivedperceivesperceivingperceptionperceptionspositivepositivelypotentialpotentiallyadministrativelyadministratoradministrators affectaffectedaffectingaffectiveaffectivelyaffectsunaffected appropriateappropriacyappropriatelyappropriatenessinappropriacyinappropriateinappropriately aspectaspectsassistassistanceassistantassistantsevaluatesevaluatingevaluationevaluationsevaluativere-evaluatere-evaluatedre-evaluatesre-evaluatingre-evaluationfeaturefeaturedfeaturesfeaturingfinalfinalisefinalisedfinalisesfinalisingfinalizefinalizedfinalizesfinalizingpreviouspreviouslyprimaryprimarilypurchasepurchasedpurchaserpurchaserspurchasespurchasingrangerangedrangesrangingregionregionalregionallyregionsregulatederegulatedderegulatesderegulatingderegulationassistedassistingassistsunassisted categorycategoriescategorisationcategorisecategorisedcategorisescategorisingcategorizationcategorizedcategorizescategorizing chapterchapters commissioncommissionedcommissionercommissionerscommissioningcommissionsfinalityfinallyfinalsfocusfocusedfocusesfocusingfocussedfocussingrefocusrefocusedrefocusesrefocusingrefocussedrefocussesrefocussingimpactimpactedimpactingimpactsinjureinjuredinjuresregulatedregulatesregulatingregulationregulationsregulatorregulatorsregulatoryunregulatedrelevantirrelevanceirrelevantrelevanceresideresidedresidenceresidentresidentialresidentsresidesresidingresourceresourcedcommunitycommunities complexcomplexitiescomplexity computecomputationcomputationalcomputationscomputablecomputercomputedcomputerisedcomputerscomputing concludeconcludedconcludesconcludingconclusionconclusionsconclusiveconclusivelyinjuriesinjuringinjuryuninjuredinstituteinstitutedinstitutesinstitutinginstitutioninstitutionalinstitutionaliseinstitutionalisedinstitutionalisesinstitutionalisinginstitutionalizedinstitutionalizesinstitutionalizinginstitutionallyinstitutionsinvestinvestedinvestinginvestmentresourcefulresourcesresourcingunresourcefulunder-resourcedrestrictrestrictedrestrictingrestrictionrestrictionsrestrictiverestrictivelyrestrictsunrestrictedunrestrictivesecureinsecureinsecuritiesinsecuritysecuredsecurelysecuressecuringinconclusiveinconclusively conductconductedconductingconducts consequentconsequenceconsequencesconsequently constructconstructedconstructingconstructionconstructionsconstructiveconstructsreconstructreconstructedreconstructingreconstructionreconstructs consumeinvestmentsinvestorinvestorsinvestsreinvestreinvestedreinvestingreinvestmentreinvestsitemitemisationitemiseitemiseditemisesitemisingitemsjournaljournalsmaintainmaintainedmaintainingmaintainsmaintenancesecuritiessecurityseekseekingseekssoughtselectselectedselectingselectionselectionsselectiveselectivelyselectorselectorsselectssitesitesstrategystrategicstrategiesstrategicallystrategistconsumedconsumerconsumersconsumesconsumingconsumption creditcreditedcreditingcreditorcreditorscredits cultureculturalculturallyculturedculturesuncultured designdesigneddesignerdesignersdesigning normalabnormalabnormallynormalisationnormalisenormalisednormalisesnormalisingnormalizationnormalizenormalizednormalizesnormalizingnormalitynormallyobtainobtainableobtainedobtainingobtainsunobtainablestrategistssurveysurveyedsurveyingsurveystexttextstextualtraditionnon-traditionaltraditionaltraditionalisttraditionallytraditionstransfertransferabletransferencetransferredtransferringtransfersdesignsSublist 3 of the Academic Word Listalternativealternativelyalternatives circumstancecircumstances commentcommentariescommentarycommentatorcommentatorscommentedcommentingcomments compensatecompensatedcompensatescompensatingcompensationcompensationscompensatory emphasisemphasiseemphasisedemphasisingemphasizeemphasizedemphasizesemphasizingemphaticemphaticallyensureensuredensuresensuringexcludeexcludedexcludesexcludingexclusionexclusionaryphilosophyphilosopherphilosophersphilosophicalphilosophicallyphilosophiesphilosophisephilosophisedphilosophisesphilosophisingphilosophizephilosophizedphilosophizesphilosophizingphysicalphysicallyproportiondisproportiondisproportionatedisproportionatelycomponentcomponentrycomponents consentconsensusconsentedconsentingconsents considerableconsiderably constantconstancyconstantlyconstantsinconstancyinconstantly constrainconstrainedconstrainingconstrainsconstraintconstraintsunconstrainedexclusionistexclusionsexclusiveexclusivelyframeworkframeworksfundfundedfunderfundersfundingfundsillustrateillustratedillustratesillustratingillustrationillustrationsillustrativeimmigrateimmigrantimmigrantsimmigratedproportionalproportionallyproportionateproportionatelyproportionspublishpublishedpublisherpublisherspublishespublishingunpublishedreactreactedreactsreactingreactionreactionariesreactionaryreactionsreactivereactivatereactivationcontributecontributedcontributescontributingcontributioncontributionscontributorcontributors conveneconventionconvenesconvenedconveningconventionalconventionallyconventionsunconventional coordinatecoordinatedcoordinatescoordinatingcoordinationcoordinatorimmigratesimmigratingimmigrationimplyimpliedimpliesimplyinginitialinitiallyinstanceinstancesinteractinteractedinteractinginteractioninteractionsinteractiveinteractivelyinteractsjustifyjustifiablejustifiablyjustificationreactorreactorsregisterderegisterderegisteredderegisteringderegistersderegistrationregisteredregisteringregistersregistrationrelyreliabilityreliablereliablyreliancereliantreliedreliesrelyingunreliableremovecoordinatorsco-ordinateco-ordinatedco-ordinatesco-ordinatingco-ordinationco-ordinatorco-ordinators corecorescoringcored corporatecorporatescorporationcorporations correspondcorrespondedcorrespondencecorrespondingcorrespondinglycorresponds criteriajustificationsjustifiedjustifiesjustifyingunjustifiedlayerlayeredlayeringlayerslinklinkagelinkageslinkedlinkinglinkslocatelocatedlocatinglocationlocationsrelocaterelocatedrelocatesremovableremovalremovalsremovedremovesremovingschemeschematicschematicallyschemedschemesschemingsequencesequencedsequencessequencingsequentialsequentiallysexsexessexismsexualsexualitycriterion deducededuceddeducesdeducingdeductiondeductions demonstratedemonstrabledemonstrablydemonstrateddemonstratesdemonstratingdemonstrationdemonstrationsdemonstrativedemonstrativelydemonstratordemonstrators documentdocumentationdocumenteddocumentingrelocatingrelocationmaximisemaxmaximisedmaximisesmaximisingmaximisationmaximizemaximizedmaximizesmaximizingmaximizationmaximumminorminoritiesminorityminorsnegatenegativenegatednegatesnegatingsexuallyshiftshiftedshiftingshiftsspecifyspecifiablespecifiedspecifiesspecifyingunspecifiedsufficientsufficiencyinsufficientinsufficientlysufficientlytasktaskstechnicaltechnicallytechniquetechniquestechnologydocuments dominatedominancedominantdominateddominatesdominatingdominationnegativelynegativesoutcomeoutcomespartnerpartnerspartnershippartnershipstechnologicaltechnologicallyvalidinvalidateinvalidityvalidatevalidatedvalidatingvalidationvalidityvalidlyvolumevolumesvolSublist 4 of the Academic Word Listaccessaccessedaccessesaccessibilityaccessibleaccessinginaccessible errorerroneouserroneouslyerrorsethnicethnicitygoalparallelparalleledparallelledparallellingparallelsunparalleledparameteradequateadequacyadequatelyinadequaciesinadequacyinadequateinadequately annualannually apparentapparently approximateapproximatedapproximatelyapproximatesapproximatingapproximationapproximations attitudeattitudes attributeattributableattributedgoalsgrantgrantedgrantinggrantshencehypothesishypotheseshypothesisehypothesisedhypothesiseshypothesisinghypothesizehypothesizedhypothesizeshypothesizinghypotheticalhypotheticallyimplementimplementationimplementedimplementingimplementsparametersphasephasedphasesphasingpredictpredictabilitypredictablepredictablypredictedpredictingpredictionpredictionspredictsunpredictabilityunpredictableprincipalprincipallypriorprofessionalprofessionallyprofessionalsprofessionalismattributesattributingattributioncivilcodecodedcodescodingcommitcommitmentcommitmentscommitscommittedcommitting communicatecommunicablecommunicatedcommunicatescommunicatingcommunicationcommunicationscommunicativecommunicatively implicateimplicatedimplicatesimplicatingimplicationimplicationsimposeimposedimposesimposingimpositionintegrateintegratedintegratesintegratingintegrationinternalinternaliseinternalisedinternalisesinternalisinginternalizeinternalizedprojectprojectedprojectingprojectionprojectionsprojectspromotepromotedpromoterpromoterspromotespromotingpromotionpromotionsregimeregimesresolveresolutionresolvedresolvesresolvingunresolvedretainuncommunicative concentrateconcentratedconcentratesconcentratingconcentration conferconferenceconferencesconferredconferringconfers contrastcontrastedcontrastingcontrastivecontrastscyclecycledcyclescycliccyclicalcyclinginternalizesinternalizinginternallyinvestigateinvestigatedinvestigatesinvestigatinginvestigationinvestigationsinvestigativeinvestigatorinvestigatorsjobjobslabellabeledlabelinglabelledlabellinglabelsmechanismmechanismsobviousretainedretainingretainerretainersretainsretentionretentiveseriesstatisticstatisticianstatisticiansstatisticalstatisticallystatisticsstatusstressstressedstressesstressfulstressingunstressedsubsequentsubsequentlydebatedebatabledebateddebatesdebating despitedimensiondimensionaldimensionsmultidimensional domesticdomesticallydomesticatedomesticateddomesticatingdomestics emergeemergedemergenceemergentemergesemergingobviouslyoccupyoccupancyoccupantoccupantsoccupationoccupationaloccupationsoccupiedoccupieroccupiersoccupiesoccupyingoptionoptionaloptionsoutputoutputsoverallsumsummationsummedsummingsumssummarysummariessummarisesummarisedsummarisessummarisingsummarisationsummarisationssummarizationsummarizationssummarizesummarizedsummarizessummarizingundertakeundertakenundertakesundertakingundertook Sublist 5 of the Academic Word Listacademyacademiaacademicacademicallyacademicsacademies adjustadjustedadjustingadjustmentadjustmentsadjustsreadjustreadjustedreadjustingreadjustmentreadjustmentsreadjusts alteralterable expandexpandedexpandingexpandsexpansionexpansionismexpansiveexposeexposedexposesexposingexposureexposuresexternalexternalisationexternaliseexternalisedexternalisesexternalisingexternalityorientorientateorientatedorientatesorientationorientatingorientedorientingorientsreorientreorientationperspectiveperspectivespreciseimprecisepreciselyprecisionprimeprimacypsychologyalterationalterationsalteredalteringalternatealternatingaltersunalterableunaltered amendamendedamendingamendmentamendmentsamends awareawarenessunaware capacitycapacitiesincapacitateincapacitated challengeexternalizationexternalizeexternalizedexternalizesexternalizingexternallyfacilitatefacilitatedfacilitatesfacilitiesfacilitatingfacilitationfacilitatorfacilitatorsfacilityfundamentalfundamentallygenerategeneratedgeneratesgeneratinggenerationgenerationspsychologicalpsychologicallypsychologistpsychologistspursuepursuedpursuespursuingpursuitpursuitsratioratiosrejectrejectedrejectingrejectionrejectsrejectionsrevenuerevenuesstableinstabilitystabilisationchallengedchallengerchallengerschallengeschallenging clauseclauses compoundcompoundedcompoundingcompounds conflictconflictedconflictingconflicts consultconsultancyconsultantconsultantsconsultationconsultationsconsultativeconsulted imageimageryimagesliberalliberaliseliberalismliberalisationliberalisedliberalisesliberalisingliberalizationliberalizeliberalizedliberalizesliberalizingliberateliberatedliberatesliberationliberationsliberatingliberatorliberatorsstabilisestabilisedstabilisesstabilisingstabilizationstabilizestabilizedstabilizesstabilizingstabilityunstablestylestyledstylesstylingstylishstylisestylisedstylisesstylisingstylizestylizedstylizesconsultsconsulting contactcontactablecontactedcontactingcontacts declinedeclineddeclinesdeclining discretediscretelydiscretiondiscretionaryindiscreteindiscretion draftdrafteddraftingdraftsredraftredraftedliberallyliberalslicencelicenceslicenselicensedlicensinglicensesunlicensedlogicillogicalillogicallylogicallogicallylogicianlogiciansmarginmarginalmarginallymarginsmedicalmedicallymentalstylizingsubstitutesubstitutedsubstitutessubstitutingsubstitutionsustainsustainablesustainabilitysustainedsustainingsustainssustenanceunsustainablesymbolsymbolicsymbolicallysymbolisesymbolisessymbolisedsymbolisingsymbolismsymbolizeredraftingredrafts enableenabledenablesenabling energyenergeticenergeticallyenergies enforceenforcedenforcementenforcesenforcing entityentities equivalentequivalence evolveevolutionevolvedevolvingmentalitymentallymodifymodificationmodificationsmodifiedmodifiesmodifyingunmodifiedmonitormonitoredmonitoringmonitorsunmonitorednetworknetworkednetworkingnetworksnotionnotionsobjectiveobjectivelyobjectivitysymbolizedsymbolizessymbolizingsymbolstargettargetedtargetingtargetstransittransitedtransitingtransitiontransitionaltransitionstransitorytransitstrendtrendsversionversionswelfarewheevolvesevolutionaryevolutionistevolutionistsSublist 6 of the Academic Word Listabstractabstractionabstractionsabstractlyabstracts accurateaccuracyaccuratelyinaccuracyinaccuraciesinaccurate acknowledgeacknowledgedacknowledgesacknowledgingacknowledgementacknowledgements enhanceenhancedenhancementenhancesenhancingestateestatesexceedexceededexceedingexceedsexpertexpertiseexpertlyexpertsexplicitexplicitlyneutralneutralisationneutraliseneutralisedneutralisesneutralisingneutralityneutralizationneutralizeneutralizedneutralizesneutralizingneverthelessoverseasprecedeprecededprecedenceaggregateaggregatedaggregatesaggregatingaggregation allocateallocatedallocatesallocatingallocationallocations assignassignedassigningassignmentassignmentsassignsreassignreassignedreassigningreassignsunassigned attach federalfederationfederationsfeefeesflexibleflexibilityinflexibleinflexibilityfurthermoregendergendersignorantignoranceignoreignoredignoresignoringincentiveincentivesincidenceincidentincidentallyprecedentprecedesprecedingunprecedentedpresumepresumablypresumedpresumespresumingpresumptionpresumptionspresumptuousrationalirrationalrationalisationrationalisationsrationaliserationalisedrationalisesrationalisingrationalismrationalityrationalizationattachedattachesattachingattachmentattachmentsunattached authorauthoredauthoringauthorsauthorship bondbondedbondingbondsbriefbrevitybriefedbriefingbrieflybriefs capablecapabilitiesincidentsincorporateincorporatedincorporatesincorporatingincorporationindexindexedindexesindexinginhibitinhibitedinhibitinginhibitioninhibitionsinhibitsinitiateinitiatedinitiatesinitiatinginitiationinitiationsinitiativerationalizationsrationalizerationalizedrationalizesrationallyrecoverrecoverablerecoveredrecoveringrecoversrecoveryrevealrevealedrevealingrevealsrevelationrevelationsscopesubsidysubsidiarysubsidiessubsidisesubsidisedcapabilityincapable citecitationcitationscitedcitingcites cooperatecooperatedcooperatescooperatingcooperationcooperativecooperativelyco-operateco-operatedco-operatesco-operationco-operativeco-operatively discriminatediscriminatedinitiativesinitiatorinitiatorsinputinputsinstructinstructioninstructedinstructinginstructionsinstructiveinstructorinstructorsinstructsintelligentintelligenceintelligentlyunintelligentintervalintervalslecturelecturedlecturersubsidisessubsidisingsubsidizesubsidizedsubsidizessubsidizingtapetapedtapestapingtracetraceabletracedtracestracingtransformtransformationtransformationstransformedtransformingtransformstransporttransportation。
AWL词汇列表-表格版
Sublist 8六级核心词汇2000 一.名词hospitality n.友好好客pastime n. 消遣,娱乐revenue n. 税收,岁入routine 常规,惯例,例行公事scorn n. 轻蔑,鄙视shortage n. 短缺,不足smash n. 打碎,粉碎stability n.稳定(性),稳固stack n. 堆,一堆standard n. 标准surface n. 表面temperament n. 气质,性格threshold n. 开端,入口tolerance n. 容忍,忍耐力transaction 处理,办理,交易trend n. 倾向,趋势transition n. 过渡,转变variation n. 变化,变动U1warehouse n. 货仓way n. 方式access n. 入口,通路,接触accommodation n. 住宿,膳宿acknowledgement承认感谢致谢pattern n. 模式penalty n. 制裁,惩罚pension n. 养老金personality n. 人格,人性pledge n. 保证,誓言position n. 位置,职位,职务predecessor 前任,原有的事物premise n. 前提,假设prescription n. 处方preservation n. 保护,防护prestige n. 威信,威望priority n. 优先(权)prestige n. 威信,威望prospect n. 前景,可能性rate n. 速度ration n. 比率reflection n. 反映,表现recession n. (经济)衰退不景气;撤退,退出 reputation n. 名声,声望reservation n. 贮存,贮藏,预订illusion n. 错觉,假象ingredient n. 成分insight n. 理解,洞察力inspection n. 检查,视察instinct n. 本能,直觉integrity n. 正直,诚实intuition n. 直觉lease n. 租约,契约legislation n. 立法,法律limitation n. 局限性缺点loyalty n. 忠诚,忠心luxury n. 奢侈,豪华manifestation n. 表现(形式)mechanism n. 机械装置minority n. 少数misfortune n. 不幸,灾难morality n. 道德,美德notion n. 概念,观念,理解obligation (法律上或道义上)责任occasion n. 场合opponent n. 敌人,对手ornament n. 装饰,装饰品admiration n. 欣赏advocate n. 提倡者,拥护者allowance n. 津贴ambition n. 野心,雄心analogy n. 相似,模拟,类比anticipation n. 预期,期望appreciation n. 感谢,感激array n. 陈列,一系列assurance n. 保证blame n. 责任blunder n. 错误,大错budget n. 预算capability n. 能力,才能cash n. 现金circulation n. (书报等的)发行量commitment n. 承诺,许诺compensation n. 补偿,赔偿consideration n. 考虑distinction n. 区分辨别emergency n. 紧急情况encouragement n. 鼓励essence n. 本质estimate n. 估计expenditure n. 开支extinction n .灭绝fashion n. 方式,样子flaw n. 裂纹,瑕疵fortune n. 财产,大笔的钱fraction n. 小部分,一点fuse n. 保险丝guarantee n. 保修单guilt n. 犯罪harmony 与…协调一致,和谐二.形容词abnormal α.不正常的absurd α.荒缪的abundant α.丰富的acute α.敏锐的锋利的aggressive α.侵略的好斗的ambiguous α.模棱两可模糊的ambitious α.有雄心有抱负的appropriate α.合适的恰当的authentic α.可靠的可信的average α.一般的普通的barren α.贫瘠的不毛的bound α.一定的chronic α.慢性的commentary α实况报道compact a. 紧凑的小巧的competitive a.竞争性的,具有竞争力的compulsory a.强迫的,强制的,义务的confidential a. 机紧的秘密的conservative a. 保守的,传统的consistent a. 和……一致conspicuous a. 显而易见的引人注目的crucial a. 关键的current a. 当前的decent a. 体面像样的还不错的delicate a. 精细的,微妙的精心处理的destructive a. 毁灭的economic a. 经济的elegant a. 优雅的优美的精致的embarrassing a. 令人尴尬的energetic a. 精力充沛的equivalent a. 相等的eternal a. 永恒的,无休止的exclusive a. 独有的,排他的extinct a. 灭绝的fake a. 假的,冒充的fatal a. 致命的,毁灭性的feasible a. 可行的feeble a. 脆弱的,虚弱的gloomy a. 暗淡的greasy a. 油腻的identical a. 相同的,一样的imaginative a. 富有想象力的爱想象的inaccessible a.达不到的,难以接近inadequate 不充分的不适当的incredible a. 难以置信的indifference a. 不关心的冷漠的indignant a. 生气的,愤怒的infectious a. 传染的,传染性的inferior a. 较次的,较劣的inferior a. 地位较低的,较差的inherent a. 固有的,生来的inspirational a. 灵感的intent a. 专心的,专注的intricate a. 复杂精细的Intrinsic a. 固有本质的内在的irreplaceable a. 不能替换的不能代替的literal a.文字的字面的逐字逐句U1 massive a. 大规模的,大量的merciful a. 仁慈的,宽大的mobile a. 活动的,流动的naive a.言行自然而天真质朴的negligible a.可忽略微不足道的notorious a.臭名昭著声名狼藉obedient a.服从的顺从的obscure a. 模糊不清的optimistic a. 乐观的original a. 原先的,最早的pathetic a. 悲哀的,悲惨的persistent a. 坚持不懈的potential a. 可能的,潜在的prevalent a. 普遍的,流行的primitive a. 原始的,早期的proficient a. 熟练的,精通的profound a. 深刻的,深远的prominent a. 突出的,杰出的prompt a. 即刻的,迅速的raw a. 自然状态的,未加工的relevant a. 与……有关的respectable a. 可尊敬的rewarding a. 值得的rough a. 粗略的,不精确的rude a. 粗鲁的,不礼貌的sensitive a. 敏感的sheer a. 完全的,十足的shrewd a. 精明的stationary a. 固定的subordinate a. 次要的,从属的subtle a. 微妙的精巧的,细微的superficial a. 肤浅的suspicious a. 对……怀疑tedious a. 冗长的,乏味的trivial a. 琐碎的,不重要的turbulent a. 动荡的,混乱的underlying a. 潜在的versatile a. 多才多艺的vivid a. 生动的,栩栩如生的void a. 无效的vulnerable a. 易受伤的worth a. 值得三.动词abandon v. 抛弃,放弃acknowledge 对…表示谢忱,报偿acquaint v. 熟悉,认识acquire(靠己能力努力行为)获得afford v. 付得起allege v. 断言,宣称alternate v. 交替,轮流anticipate v. 预期applaud v. 赞扬,称赞ascend v. 上升,攀登ascribe v. 归因于,归功于assemble v. 集合,聚集assign 分派,指派(职务,任务)attribute v. 归因于base v. 建立在……的基础上bewilder v. 迷惑,弄糊涂breed v. 培育,养育cling v. 坚守,抱紧coincide v. 相同,相一致collaborate v. 合著,合作collide v. 互撞,碰撞commence v. 开始compensate v. 补偿,赔偿complement 与……结合,补充comply v. 遵守conceive v. 想出,设想concern v. 涉及condense v. 压缩,浓缩conflict v. 冲突,战争conform v. 符合,遵守,适应confront v. 面对,面临conserve v. 保护,保存consolidate v. 巩固convey v. 表达,传达crash v. (飞机)坠毁cruise v. 航行,漫游dazzle v. 使眩目,耀眼deceive v. 欺骗,哄骗decline v. 下降,减少dedicate v. 奉献,献身,致力于defend v. 为……辩护defy v. 违抗,藐视deny v. 否认deprive v. 剥夺derive v. 得来,得到descend v. 下落descend v. 下来,下去deserve v. 值得deviate v. (使)背离,(使)偏离disguise v. 假扮,伪装dominate v. 统治,占据drain v. 渐渐耗尽duplicate v. 复制,重复eliminate v. 消除endure v. 忍受,忍耐enhance v. 提高,增加enroll 使成为……的成员,注册evoke v. 引起,唤起immerse v. 使浸没impose v. 征税,把…强加于induce v. 劝诱,诱导indulge v. 纵容,放任intend v. 意欲interpret v. 解释,说明jeopardize v. 危及,损坏linger逗留徘徊留恋迟缓,拖延locate v. 位于magnify v. 放大mean v. 打算,意欲mingle v. 混合起来,相混合minimize v. 对…做最低估计monitor v. 检测,监测neglect v. 忽视occupy v. 占领,使忙碌oppress v. 压迫originate v. 首创,起源overlap v. 部分重叠overwhelm 压倒,浸没,使不安parade v. *permeate v. 渗入,渗透prescribe指示规定,处方开药preside v. 主持prolong v. 延长,拖延promise v. 许诺propel v. 推进,推动protest v. 抗议,反对provoke v. 引起,激起radiate v. 辐射状发出,从中心向各方伸展出reconcile v. 使和好,调解refresh v. 提神,使清新(使)精神振作, (使)精力恢复, refute 证明…不对(错误的)驳诉remain v. 停留,依旧是repel v. 抗御,抵拒rescue v. 营救,救援resign v. 辞职resort v. 求助,凭借,诉诸resume v. 重新开始,继续revenge v. 报仇,报复scan v. 细察,审视scrape v. 剥下,刮下scratch v. 抓,搔U1shrink v. 收缩,减少standardize v. 使标准化steer v. 驾驶,引导strengthen v. 加强,使更强壮stretch v. 伸展subscribe v. 预订,订阅suck v. (用嘴)吸,吞噬,卷入suppress v. 镇压sustain v. 承受tackle v. 解决,处理tempt v. 引诱,劝诱terminate v. 终止,结束transmit v. 传播,传递verify v. 证实,证明view v. 视为,看做wreck v. (船只)失事四.副词deliberately ad. 故意,有意地deliberately ad.深思熟虑审慎地exclusively ad. 仅仅地explicitly ad. 明确地forcibly ad. 强行地,有力地formerly ad. 原先地以前,从前increasingly 日益越来越多地inevitably 必然地不可避免地intentionally 有意地,故意地optimistically ad. 乐观地outwardly表面上,外表上地presumably大概可能,据推测simultaneously 同时发生地somewhat 颇为,稍稍,有几分spontaneously自发地自然产生startlingly ad. 惊人地triumphantly(欣喜)胜利成功地unexpectedly ad. 意外地virtually ad. 事实上,实际地五、短语adhere to 忠于after all 毕竟,归根结底at random 随机地,任意地break out 突然发生,爆发break up 打碎but for 要不是by far 最,……得多by no means 决不,一点也不catch on 理解,明白catch up with 赶上collide with 碰撞,冲突come up with 想出,提出come up with 追及,赶上comment on 评论contrary to 与……相反contribute to 有助于,促成cope with 应付,妥善处理cut short 打断,制止do away with 消灭,废除,去掉do credit to 为……带来光荣due to 因为go in for 从事,致力于go off 爆炸hang by a thread 千钧一发,岌岌可危heap praise upon 对……大加称赞in accordance with 与……一致,按照,根据in between 在两者之间in case of 防备,以防in honour of 为纪念in response to 响应,反应in terms of 根据,从……方面来说in that 因为in the vicinity of 在附近keep off 远离,抑制lay off (暂时)解雇let alone 更不必说look into 调查look on 看待lose no time 立即make sense of sth.讲得通言之有理of no avail 无用,无效on file 存档on no account 决不,绝对不on the decline 衰落中,衰退中out of stock 无现货的,脱销的provided that 假如,若是pull up 使停下put away 放好,放起来regardless of 不管,不顾result in 导致,结果是,发生see to 照料,注意show to 引导,引领stand for 容忍,接受take on 承担,接受take over 接管,接收take to 对…产生好感,开始喜欢talk into 说服that is 即,也就是turn in 上交turn out 生产出turn to 求助于ward off 防止,避开with reference to 关于,有关work out 想出,制订出worth one’s while 值abbreviation n.节略,缩写,缩短abolish vt.废除,取消absent a.不在意的absorption n.吸收;专注abstract a.理论上的n.抽象absurd a.不合理的,荒唐的abundance n.丰富,充裕accessory n.同谋a.附属的accord n.调和,符合;协议acknowledge vt.承认;告知收到四级核心词汇表1.alter v. 改变,改动,变更2.burst vi.,n. 突然发生,爆裂3.dispose vi. 除掉;处置;解决;处理(of)4.blast n. 爆炸;气流vi. 炸,炸掉5.consume v. 消耗,耗尽6.split v. 劈开;割裂;分裂a.裂开的7.spit v. 吐(唾液等);唾弃8.spill v. 溢出,溅出,倒出9.slip v. 滑动,滑落;忽略10.slide v. 滑动滑落n滑动滑面幻灯片11.bacteria n. 细菌12.breed n. 种,品种v. 繁殖,产仔13.budget n. 预算v. 编预算,作安排14.candidate n. 候选人15.campus n. 校园16.liberal a. 慷慨的;丰富的;自由的17.transform v. 转变,变革;变换18.transmit v. 传播,播送;传递19.transplant v. 移植20.transport vt运输运送n运输运输工具21.shift v. 转移;转动;转变22.vary v. 变化,改变;使多样化23.vanish vi. 消灭,不见24.swallow v. 吞下,咽下n. 燕子25.suspicion n. 怀疑,疑心26.suspicious a. 怀疑的,可疑的d a. 温暖的暖和的;温柔的味淡的28.tender a. 温柔的;脆弱的29.nuisance n. 损害讨厌(的人或事物)30.insignificant a. 无意义的,无足轻重的;无价值的31.accelerate vt. 加速,促进U132.absolute a. 绝对的无条件的;完全的33.boundary n. 分界线,边界34.brake n. 刹车,制动器v. 刹住(车)35.catalog n. 目录(册)v. 编目36.vague a. 模糊的,不明确的37.vain n. 徒劳,白费38.extinct a. 绝灭的,熄灭的39.extraordinary a. 不平常的,特别的,非凡的40.extreme a. 极度的极端的n.极端过分41.agent n. 代理人,代理商;动因原因42.alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料,酒精43.appeal n./vi. 呼吁,恳求44.appreciate vt. 重视,赏识,欣赏45.approve v. 赞成,同意,批准46.stimulate vt. 刺激,激励47.acquire vt. 取得,获得;学到48.accomplish vt .完成,到达;实行work n. 网状物;广播网,电视网;网络50.tide n. 潮汐;潮流51.tidy a. 整洁的,整齐的52.trace vt. 追踪,找到n. 痕迹,踪迹53.torture n./vt. 拷打,折磨54.wander vi. 漫游,闲逛55.wax n. 蜡56.weave v. 织,编57.preserve v. 保护,保存,保持,维持61. abuse v. 滥用,虐待;谩骂62. academic a. 学术的;高等院校的;63. academy n. (高等)专科院校;学会64. battery n. 电池(组)65. barrier n. 障碍;棚栏66. cargo n. (船、飞机等装载的)货物67. career n. 生涯,职业68. vessel n. 船舶;容器,器皿;血管69. vertical a. 垂直的70. oblige v. 迫使,责成;使感激71. obscure a. 阴暗,模糊72. extent n. 程度,范围,大小,限度73. exterior n. 外部,外表a. 外部的,外表的74. external a. 外部的,外表的,外面的75. petrol n. 汽油76. petroleum n. 石油77. delay vt./n. 推迟,延误,耽搁78. decay vi. 腐烂,腐朽79. decent a. 像样的,体面的80. route n. 路;路线;航线81. ruin v. 毁坏,破坏n. 毁灭[pl.]废墟82. sake n. 缘故,理由83. satellite n. 卫星84. scale n. 大小,规模;等级;刻度85. temple n. 庙宇86. tedious a. 乏味道,单调的,87. tend vi.易于,趋向88. tendency n.趋向,趋势89. ultimate a. 极端的,最大的,最终的n. 极端90. undergo v. 经历,遭受91. abundant a. 丰富的,充裕的,大量的92. adopt v. 收养;采用;采纳93. adapt vi. 适应,适合;改编,改写vt. 使适应94. bachelor n. 学士,学士学位;单身汉95. casual a. 偶然的,碰巧的;临时的;非正式的96. trap n. 陷阱,圈套v. 设陷阱捕捉97. vacant a. 空的,未占用的98. vacuum n. 真空,真空吸尘器99. oral a. 口头的,口述的,口的100. optics n. (单、复数同形)光学110. private a. 私人的,个人的111. individual a. 个别的,单独的n.个人,个体112. personal a. 个人的私人的;亲自的114. personnel n.总称人员员工人事部门115. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋116. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋117. the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋118. the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋119. grant vt. 授予,同意,准予119. grand a. 宏伟大,壮丽的,重大的120. invade v. 侵入,侵略,侵袭121. acid n. 酸,酸性物质a.酸的尖刻的122. acknowledge v. 承认;致谢123. balcony n. 阳台124. calculate vt. 计算,核算125. calendar n. 日历,月历126. optimistic a. 乐观127. optional a. 可以任选的,非强制的128. outstanding a. 杰出的突出的显著的129. export n. 出口(物v. 出口,输出130. import n. 进口(物v. 进口,输入131. impose vt. 把..加强(on);采用利用132. religion n. 宗教,宗教信仰133. religious a. 宗教的134. victim n. 牺牲品,受害者135. video n. 电视视频a.电视的录像的136. videotape n. 录像磁带v 把...录在录像带上137. offend v. 冒犯,触犯138. bother v. 打搅,麻烦139. interfere v. 干涉,干扰,妨碍140. internal a. 内部的,国内的141. beforehand ad. 预先,事先142. racial a. 人种的种族的143. radiation n. 放射物,辐射144. radical a.根本的;激进的145. range n. 幅度,范围v.(在某范围内)变动146. wonder n. 惊奇奇迹v.想知道对...感到疑惑147. isolate vt. 使隔离,使孤立148. issue n. 问题发行(报刊)一期149. hollow a. 空的,中空的,空虚道150. hook n. 钩vt. 钩住151. adequate a. 适当地;足够152. adhere vi. 粘附,附着;遵守,坚持153. ban vt. 取缔,禁止154. capture vt. 俘虏,捕获155. valid a. 有效的,有根据的;正当的156. valley n. 山谷,峡谷157. consistent a. 坚固定;一致的如一的158. continuous a. 继续的连续不断)的159. continual a. 不断地,频繁的160. explode v. 爆炸;爆发;激增161. exploit v. 剥削;利用,开采162. explore v. 勘探163. explosion n. 爆炸;爆发;激增164. explosive a 爆炸的极易引起争论的165. remote a. 遥远的,偏僻的166. removal n. 除去,消除167. render vt. 使得,致使167. render解释比较长可要仔细体会啊!168. precaution n. 预防,防备,警惕169. idle a. 懒散的,无所事事的170. identify vt. 认出,鉴定171. identify n. 身份;个性,特性172. poverty n. 贫穷173. resistant a. (to)抵抗的抗...的耐...的174. resolve vt. 解决;决定,决意175. barrel n. 桶176. bargain n. 便宜货vi. 讨价还价177. coarse a. 粗的,粗糙的,粗劣的178. coach n. 教练;长途公共汽车179. code n. 准则,法规,密码180. coil n. 线圈v. 卷,盘绕181. adult n. 成年人182. advertise v. 为...做广告183. advertisement n. 广告184. agency n. 代理商,经销商185. focus v.(使聚集n.焦点中心,聚焦186. forbid vt. 不许,禁止187. debate n./v. 辩论,争论188. debt n. 欠债189. decade n. 十年190. enclose vt. 围住;把...装入信封191. encounter vt./n. 遭遇,遭到192. globe n. 地球,世界;地球仪193. global a. 全球的;总的194. scan vt. 细看;扫描;浏览195. scandal n. 丑事,丑闻196. significance n. 意义;重要性197. subsequent a. 随后的,后来的198. virtue n. 美德,优点199. virtual a. 实际上的,事实上的200. orient vt. 使适应,(to,toward)使朝向n.东方201. portion n. 一部分202. target n. 目标,靶子vt. 瞄准203. portable a. 手提式的204. decline v. 拒绝,谢绝;下降205. illusion n. 错觉206. likelihood n. 可能,可能性207. stripe n. 条纹208. emphasize vt. 强调,着重209. emotion n. 情感,感情210. emotional a. 感情的,情绪(上)的211. awful a. 极坏的,威严的,可怕的212. awkward a. 笨拙的,棘手的213. clue n. 线索,提示214. collision n. 碰撞,冲突215. device n. 装置,设备216. devise vt. 发明,策划,想出217. inevitable a. 不可避免的218. naval a. 海军的219. navigation n. 航行220. necessity n. 必需品;必要性221. previous a. 先,前,以前的222. provision n. [pl.]给养,口粮准备设备,装置223. pursue vt. 追逐;追求;从事,进行224. stale a. 不新鲜的,陈腐的225. substitute n. 代用品vt. 代替226. deserve vt. 应受,应得,值得227. discrimination n. 歧视;辨别力228. professional a. 职业的,专门的229. secure a. 安全的,可靠的230. security n. 安全,保障231. scratch v./n. 抓,搔,扒232. talent n. 才能,天资;人才233. insurance n. 保险,保险费234. insure vt. 给...保险,保证,确保235. nevertheless ad. 仍然,然而,不过236. neutral a. 中立的,中性的237. spot n. 地点;斑点vt.认出发现玷污238. spray v. 喷,(使)溅散239. medium a.中等的适中的n.媒介物240. media n. 新闻传媒241. auxiliary a. 辅助的,备用的242. automatic a. 自动的243. compete vi. 竞争,比赛244. competent a. 有能力的,能胜任的245. competition n. 竞争,比赛246. distribute vt. 分发247. disturb vt. 打搅,妨碍248. infer v. 推论,推断249. integrate v. (into, with成为一体合并250. moist a. 潮湿251. moisture n. 潮湿252. promote vt. 促进;提升253. region n. 地区;范围;幅度254. register v./n.登记,注册255. stable a. 稳定的256. sophisticated a.老练的很复杂的257. splendid a. 极好的壮丽的,辉煌的258. cancel vt. 取消,废除259. variable a. 易变的,可变的260. prospect n. 前景,前途;景象261. prosperity n.兴旺,繁荣262. aspect n. 方面;朝向;面貌263. cope vi. (with)(成功地)应付处理264. core n. 果心,核心265. maintain vt. 维持,保持;坚持主张266. mainland n. 大陆267. discipline n. 纪律;惩罚;学科268. domestic a. 本国的,国内的;家用269. constant a. 不变的,恒定的n. 常数270. cliff n. 悬崖,峭壁271. authority n. 权威;当局272. audio a. 听觉273. attitude n. 态度274. community n. 社区,社会275. commit vt. 犯干(坏事等)276. comment n./vt. 评论277. distinguish vt. 区分,辨别278. distress n. 痛苦,悲伤vt. 使痛苦279. facility n. [pl.] 设备设施便利,方便280. faculty n. 能力,技能;系,学科,学院;全体教员281. mixture n. 混合,混合物282. mood n. 心情,情绪;语气283. moral a. 道德上的,有道德的284. prominent a. 突出的285. substance n. 物质;实质286. substantial a. 可观的牢固的实质的287. prompt vt. 促使a. 敏捷的,及时的288. vivid a. 生动的289. vocabulary n. 词汇(量);词汇表290. venture n.风险投资项目v冒险取于291. version n. 版本,译本;说法292. waist n. 腰,腰部293. weld v./n. 焊接294. yawn vi. 打哈欠295. yield vi. (to)屈服于让出放弃n产量296. zone n. 地区,区域297. strategy n. 战略,策略298. strategic a. 战略(上)的,关键的299. tense a. 紧张的v. 拉紧n. 时态300.tension n. 紧张(状态),张力301. avenue n. 林荫道,大街302. available a. 现成可用的;可得到的303. comparable a (with, to可比较类似的304. comparative a. 比较的,相对的305. dash vi. 猛冲,飞奔306. data n. 数据,资料307. dive vi. 跳水,潜水308. diverse a. 不同的,多种多样的309. entitle vt. 给...权利,给...资格310. regulate vt. 管理,调节311. release vt./n. 释放,排放;解释解脱312. exaggerate v. 夸大,夸张313. evil a. 邪恶的,坏的314. shrink vi. 起皱,收缩;退缩315. subtract v. 减(去)316. suburb n. 市郊317. subway n. 地铁318. survey n./vt. 调查,勘测319. wealthy a. 富裕的320. adjust v. 调整,调节321. attach vt. 系,贴;使附属322. profit n. 利润,益处;v. 有益于,323. profitable a. 有利可图的324. slope n. 斜坡,斜面325. reinforce vt. 增强,加强326. reject vt. 拒绝327. fatal a. 致命的;重大的328. fate n. 命运329. humble a. 谦逊的;谦虚的330. illegal a. 不合法的,非法的331. award vt. 授予,判给n.奖品,奖金332. aware a. 意识到333. column n. 柱,圆柱;栏,专栏334. comedy n. 喜剧335. dumb a. 哑的;沉默的336. dump vt. 倾卸,倾倒337. deaf a. 聋的;不愿听的338. decorate vt. 装饰,装璜339. principal a. 最重要的n.负责人校长340. principle n. 原则,原理341. prior a. 优先的,在前的342. priority n. 优先,重点343. prohibit vt. 禁止,不准344. remarkable a. 值得注意的,异常的,非凡的345. remedy n./vt. 补救,医治,治疗346. repetition n. 重复,反复347. vain a. 徒劳的,无效的348. undertake vt. 承担着手做同意答应349. unique a. 唯一的,独特的350. obstacle n. 障碍(物),妨碍351. odd a. 奇特的,古怪的;奇数的352. omit vt. 省略353. opponent n. 敌手,对手354. opportunity n. 机会,时机355. orchestra n. 管弦乐队356. semester n. 学期;半年357. semiconductor n. 半导体358. seminar n. 研讨会359. terminal a. 末端的,极限的n. 终点360. territory n. 领土361. approximate a. 大概的大约v. 近似362. arbitrary a. 随意的,未断的363. architect n. 建筑师364. architecture n. 建筑学365. biology n. 生物学366. geography n. 地理(学)367. geology n. 地质学368. geometry n. 几何(学)369. arithmetic n. 算术370. algebra n. 代数371. entertainment n. 娱乐;招待,款待372. enthusiasm n. 热情,热心373. entry n进入入口处参赛的人(或物)374. environment n. 环境375. episode n. 插曲,片段376. equation n. 方程(式)377. restrain vt. 阻止,抑制378. restraint n. 抑制,限制379. resume v. (中断后)重新开始380. severe a. 严重的381. sexual a. 性的382. simplicity n. 简单;朴素383. simplify vt. 简化384. sorrow n. 悲哀,悲痛385. stuff n. 原料,材料vt. 填进,塞满386. temporary a. 暂时的,临时的387. temptation n. 诱惑,引诱388. terror n. 恐怖389. thrust v. 挤,推,插390. treaty n. 条约,协定391. arise vi. 产生,出现,发生;起身392. arouse vt. 引起,激起;唤醒393. burden n. 重担,负荷394. bureau n. 局,办事处395. marvelous a. 奇迹般的,惊人的396. massive a. 大的,大量的,大块的397. mature a. 成熟的398. maximum a. 最高的,最大的399. minimum a. 最低的,最小的400. nonsense n. 胡说,冒失的行动401. nuclear a. 核子的,核能的402. nucleus n. 核403. retail n./v./ad. 零售404. retain vt. 保留,保持405. restrict vt. 限制,约束406. sponsor n. 发起者主办者vt.发起主办,资助407. spur n./vt. 刺激,激励408. triumph n. 胜利,成功409. tuition n. 学费410. twist vt. 使缠绕;转动;扭歪411. undergraduate n. 大学肄业生412. universal a. 普遍的通用的;宇宙的413. universe n. 宇宙414. via prep. 经由,经过,通过415. vibrate v. 振动,摇摆416. virus n. 病毒417. voluntary a. 自愿的418. volunteer n. 志愿者v. 自愿(做)419. vote v. 选举n. 选票420. wagon n. 四轮马车,铁路货车421. appoint vt. 任命,委派422. approach v. 靠近接近n.途径,方式423. appropriate a. 适当的424. bunch n. 群,伙;束,串425. bundle n. 捆,包,束vt. 收集归拢426. ceremony n. 典礼,仪式427. chaos n. 混乱,紊乱428. discount n. (价格)折扣429. display n./vt. 陈列,展览430. equivalent a. 相等的a. 相等物431. erect a. 竖直的v. 建造,竖立432. fax n./vt. 传真433. fertile a. 肥沃的;多产的434. fertilizer n. 肥料435. grateful a. 感激的436. gratitude n. 感激437. horror n. 恐怖438. horrible a. 可怕的439. Internet n. 国际互联网,因特网440. interpret v. 翻译,解释441. interpretation n. 解释,说明442. jungle n. 丛林,密林443. knot n. 结vt. 把...打成结444. leak v. 漏,渗出445. lean vi. 倾斜,倚,靠446. leap vi. 跳跃447. modify vt. 修改448. nylon n. 尼龙449. onion n. 洋葱450. powder n. 粉末451. applicable a. 可应用的,适当的452. applicant n. 申请人453. breadth n. 宽度454. conservation n. 保存,保护455. conservative a. 保守的456. parallel n. 平行线;可相比拟的事物457. passion n. 激情,热情458. passive a. 被动的,消极的459. pat v./n. 轻拍,轻打460. peak n. 山峰,顶点461. phenomenon n. 现象462. reluctant a. 不情愿的,勉强的463. rely vi. (on ,upon)依赖,指望464. relevant a. 有关的,切题的465. reliable a. 可靠的466. relief n. 轻松,宽慰;减轻467. reputation n. 名气,声誉468. rescue vt./n. 营救469. triangle n. 三角(形)470. sequence n. 连续;顺序471. shallow a. 浅的472. shiver vi/n. 发抖473. shrug v./n. 耸肩474. signature n. 签名475. sincere a. 诚挚的,真诚的476. utility n. 功用,效用477. utilize vt. 利用478. utter vt. 说出a. 完全的,彻底的479. variation n. 变化,变动480. vehicle n. 交通工具,车辆481. applause n. 鼓掌,掌声482. appliance n. 器具,器械483. consent n. 准许同意vi (to)准许同意484. conquer vt. 征服485. defect n. 缺点,缺陷486. delicate a. 易碎的;娇弱的;精美的487. evolve v.演变488. evolution n. 演变,进化489. frown v./n. 皱眉490. frustrate vt. 使沮丧491. guarantee vt./n. 保证492. guilty a. 内疚的;有罪的493. jealous a. 妒忌的494. jeans n. 牛仔裤495. liquor n. 酒,烈性酒496.liter/litre n. 升497. modest a. 谦虚道498. molecule n. 分子499. orbit n. 轨道v.(绕...)作轨道运行500.participate v. (in)参与,参加 U1 501. particle n. 微粒502. particularly ad. 特别,尤其503. respond vi. 回答,答复;反应504. response n. 回答,答复;反应505. sensible a. 明智的506. sensitive a. 敏感到,灵敏的507. tremble vi. 颤抖508. tremendous a. 巨大的;精彩的509. trend n. 趋向,倾向510. trial n. 审讯;试验511. apparent a. 显然的,明白的512. appetite n. 胃口;欲望513. deposit n. 存款,定金v.存放,储蓄514. deputy n. 副职,代表515. derive vt. 取得得到;(from)起源于516. descend v. 下来,下降517. missile n. 导弹518. mission n. 使命;代表团519. mist n.薄雾520. noticeable a. 显而易见到521. notify vt. 通知,告知522. notion n. 概念;意图,想法523. resemble vt. 像,类似于 U1524. reveal vt. 揭露525. revenue n. 收入,岁入;税收526. shelter n. 掩蔽处;住所527. shield n. 防护物盾vt. 保护,防护528. vital a. 重要的;致命的,生命的529. vitally ad. 极度,非常;致命地530. urban a. 城市的685. holy a. 神圣地,圣洁的686. hint n. 暗示,示意687. hesitate v. 犹豫688. highlight vt. 强调,突出689 .hence ad. 因此,所以;今后,从此What is the Academic Word List?The AWL is a list of words which appear with high frequency in English-language academic texts. The list was compiled by Averil Coxhead at the Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.The list contains 570 word families and is divided into 10 sublists. Sublist 1 consists of the 60 most common words in the AWL. Sublist 2 contains the next most frequently used words and so on. Each sublist contains 60 word families, except for sublist 10, which contains 30.To find these words, an analysis was done of academic journals, textbooks, course workbooks, lab manuals, and course notes.The list was compiled following an analysis of over 3,500,000 words of text.The words selected for the AWL are words which occur frequently in a range of academic subjects, including the Arts (including history, psychology, sociology, etc.), Commerce (including economics, marketing, management, etc.), Law and the Sciences (including biology, computer science, mathematics, etc.). This means that the AWL is useful to all second-language learners who wish to study in an English-speaking institution no matter what their field of study. The AWL does not, however, include technical words which are specific to a given field. Nor does it contain words which are of general use and very high frequency.Why should I learn it?You will need to know this vocabulary if you want to study in an English-speaking college or university. In fact, because these words are so common, they are even useful to those who do not plan to go on to post-secondary study in English. These are words that you will frequently see in newspapers, magazines, and novels, and hear on television, movies or in conversation.If you know the General Service List, or GSL, which is considered to contain the 2,000 most important words in basic English, and then learn the AWL, your understanding of the vocabulary found in academic texts will increase by 10%. This is important, because research shows that “If, instead of learning the Academic Word List, the learner had moved on to the third 1,000 most frequent words, instead of an additional 10% coverage there would only have been 4.3% extra coverage.”Nation, P. (2001). Learning Vocabulary in Another Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Pressonline resources:/index.htm。
AWL词汇表【学术词汇表】——雅思
AWLSublist 1analyze [ ? ? n? laiz] vt . 〈美〉分析 ,分解 , 解释constitut e [ ? k?nstitju:t] vt . 构成 , 组成建立 , 制定选定 , 任命 establish [is ? t ? bli? ] vt . 建立 , 成立安置确定 , 证实 indicate [ ? indikeit] vt . 标示 ,指示 , 指出象征 ; 表明或暗示⋯的可能性occur [ ? ? k? :] vi . 发生 ; 举行 ; 存在被发现 ; 想到[ 起]role [r ? n 作用 , 职责角色ul] . n. 靠近 ,方法 vt . 接洽 ,approach[ ? ? pr ? ut ? ] 接近 , 临近通路 , 入口 , 途径方式 , 交涉 ; 着手处理 vt . & v i . 接近, 走近 , 靠近 语境context [ ? k? n 背景 , 环境上下文 ,ntekst]. 估计 vt vi 估计 评价 评估estimate [ ? n , 估价报价判断 . & . ;, estimeit]. adj 个别的 n 个人人 individua l [ ? ? ndi ? vidju ? l ] . , 单独的 , 个人的独特的 .percent [p ? ? sent] n. 百分比 , 百分数 科截面 剖面地区 区section [ ? sek? ? n 章节部分部门 , , ,n] .area [ ? ? ? ri ? n 面积区域 , 地区领域 ,方面 ]. n 缔结 订契约 vt v i 染上 恶习 疾病contract [k ? n? tr ? 契约 , 合同 vt . ; . & . ,kt]. ( 等)缩小; 紧缩 adj . 明显的 ,evident [ ? evid ? nt] 明白的interpre t [in ? t ? :prit] vt . 解释 ; 说明 vt . & vi . 口译 ; 翻译 句点period [ ? pi ? ri ? d] n.( 一段 ) 时间时期 , 时代学时 , 课时句号 ,sector [ ? sekt ? ] n. 部门 ;领域防御地区 , 防卫区域扇形 , 扇形面assess[ ? ? ses] vt . 估价 , 估计评定 , 核定create [kri? eit] vt . 创造 , 创作 , 创建引起 , 产生 vi 出口 输出export [eks ? p? :t] n 输出 , 出口输出 [ 出口 ] 物 vt. & . ,.involve [in ? v? lv] vt . 使某事物成为必要条件或结果 ; 需要使参与 , 牵涉 policy p? l ? si n 政策 , 方针策略 ,精明的行为 , 上策保险单[ ? ] .significan t [si ɡ? nifik ? nt] adj . 重要的 , 重大的 , 可观的有意义的 , 有用意的意味深长的assume[ ? ? sju:m] vt . 假设 , 臆断 , 猜想假装承担 , 担任 , 就职呈现 , 采取data [ ? deit ? n 资料 , 材料 ]. 要素〈数〉因子 因数 factor [ ? f ? kt ? ] n 因素 , , . 流出 发出 发行〈正〉结果结issue [ ? n 问题 , 议题 ; 争论点发行物放出 , ; , , isju:]. 局 vi . 冒出 ,流出 ; 传出 vt .出版, 发行发表 , 发布分配 , 发给 principl e [ ? prins ? n原则 , 原理准则 , 规范操守 , 道义工作原理 pl] .similar [ ? simil ? ] adj . 类似的 ; 同类的 ; 相似的 ; 同样的 专家authority [ ? : ? θ? n 权力 , 职权官方 , 当局权威 ,riti].define [di ? fain] vt . 精确地解释 ; 界定规定 , 确定 vt 为⋯供给资金 从事finance [fai ? n? ns] n 财政 , 金融财源 , 资金 , 财务情况 ., .金融活动n 劳动 努力 工作劳工 工人分娩 分娩时的 阵痛 vi 劳动 labour [ ? leib ? ] , ; , , ( ) . ;.努力艰难行进1proceed [pr ? ? si:d] vi . 前进 ; 行进进行 ; 继续下去 资料来源source [s ? n 河流的源头 , 发源地来源 ,出处原因提供资料者, :s] .available [ ? ? veil ? bl] adj . 可用的或可得到的可会见的 ,可与之交谈的derive [di ? raiv] vt . & vi . 得到源于 方程式配方formula [ ? f ? :mjul ? ] n 准则 , 原则公式 ,. legal [ ? li :ɡ? l] adj . 法律上的 ;合法的 ; 法定的 列队行进 vt 加工 处理process [ ? pr ? uses] n 过程 , 进程工序 , 制作法 vi . . ;.specific [spi ? sifik] adj . 明确的 , 确切的 , 详尽的具体的 , 特有的 , 特定的仅限于⋯的 ; n 特效药具体方面 , 细节只发现于⋯的 . 好处救济金 保险金 vt vi 有益于 得益benefit [ ? benifit ] n 益处 , , . & . ,.distribut e[dis ? tribju:t]n vt . 分配 , 分给散发 ; 散播 ; 分布function [ ? f ? ? k? ? 功能 ; 作用 ; 职责函数 ; 与另一事物有密切关系的事物 n].社交集会 vi . 工作 ,运行 , 起作用legislate [ ? l ed ? isleit] vt . &vi . 立法 ; 制定法律require [ri ? k wai ? ] vt . 有赖于⋯ ; 需要命令 , 指示要求 , 规定想要 建筑物 vt 组structure [ ? str ? kt ? ? n 结构 , 构造有结构的事物 ; 复杂的整体 ; .]. 织; 安排; 构造 ; 制定 n 概念 观念 想法concept [ ? k? nsept] ; ;. 经济状况economy[i ? k? n? mi] n 节约 , 节省经济体制 ,.identify [ai ? dentifai] vt . 认出 , 识别支持 , 同情 vt . & vi . 等同于 ; 有关联major [ ? meid? ? ] adj . 较大的 ; 主要的 ; 严重的 n 少校专业 ; 主修科目 vi . 〈美〉. 主修, 专攻research [ri ? s? :t ? ] n. 研究 ;探讨 vi . 做研究 , 探究 , 研究 , 探讨 vt . 从事⋯的研究 , 为⋯而做研究 n 学说理论 原理意见看法theory [ ? θi ? , , ri]. vi . 组成 ,consist [k ? n? sist] 构成在于 , 存在于environment [in ? vai ? r ? nm? nt] n. 环境 , 周围状况 , 自然环境 n 收入 , 所得 , 收益income[ ? ink ? m] .条理n 方法 ,办法秩序 ,method[ ? me θ ? d] .respond [ri ? s p? nd] vi . 有反应 ;有效果 ; 有影响 vt . & vi . 回答 ; 回报 ;响应vary [ ? v? ? ri ] vi . 呈现不同 vt . & vi .( 使)变化, 改变Sublist 2achieve [ ? ? t ? i:v] vt . 取得 , 获得实现 , 达到 , 完成 共享n 社区 , 社会 , 团体大众 , 公众共有 , community[k ? ? mju:niti].vt 筹划 v t vi n 图样 , 设计图设计 , 布局目的 , 打算 . 计划, . & . design [di ? zain] . 设计, 绘制institute[ ?institju:t]n. 协会 ,学会 ; 学院 , 研究院 vt . 建立 ,制定 ; 开始 ,着 手 adj 潜在的 有可能的 n 潜力 潜势 可能性potentia l [p ? ? ten ? ? l] . , , , .restrict [ris ? trikt] vt . 限制 ; 约束acquire [ ? ? kwai ? ] vt . 获得 ,得到 , 养成复合的复杂的难懂的n 综合体complex[ ? k? mpleks] adj . 由许多部分组成的 , , ,.集合体〈心〉情结 , 夸大的情绪反应2distinc t [dis ? ti ? kt ] adj . 截然不同的 , 完全分开的清晰的 , 明白的 ,明显的invest [in ? vest] vt . 授予 vt . & vi . 投资 ;花费previous [ ? pri:vi ? s] adj . 先前的 ,以前的过早的 , 过急的secure [si? kju ? ] adj . 牢固的 ;可靠的有把握的 ; 确切的 vt . 握紧 ; 关牢使安全 ( 使)获得 ; 把⋯弄到手 ? ] vt . 管理 ,administer [ ? d? minist 支配给予执行 , 实施compute[k ? m? pju:t] vt . 计算 , 估算 要素原件一伙人基础 纲要原理element [ ? elim ? nt] n 化学 ) 元素成分 , , , , .( 一件 一条 item [ ? ait n 一项 , , ; 项目 ? m] . primary [ ? praim ? ri] adj . 首要的 ; 主要的 ; 基本的最初的 ; 初级的seek[si:k] vi . 企图 ;试图 vt . 请求 ,征求 ; 求教 vt .&vi . 寻找 ; 探寻 affect [ ? ? fekt] vt . 影响感动假装conclude [k ? n? klu:d] vt . 得出结论 ;断定决定 vt . & vi . 结束equate [i ? kweit] vt . 认为某事物 ( 与另一事物 ) 相等或相仿journal [ ? d? ? :nl] n 杂志 , 期刊日志 , 日记. vt 购买purchase [ ? p? :t ? ? n 购买 , 购置买到的东西 .s] .select [si ? lekt] adj .精选的, 挑选出来的限制性的 , 选择严格的 vt . 选择 ; 挑选appropriate [ ? ? pr ? upriit] adj . 适当的 ,恰当的 vt . 挪用 ; 占用 ; 盗用拨出 ( 款项 )conduct [k ? n? d? kt] n 举止 , 行为管理 ( 方式 ), 实施 ( 方式 ) v t . & vi . 引导 , 带领 ,. 担任指挥控制 , 管理传导 vt . 评价 ,evaluate [i ? v? ljueit]估计 ,估价maintain [mein ? tein] vt . 保持 ; 继续保养 , 维护坚持 ; 主张供给 ; 赡养range[reind ? ] n. 一系列变化幅度 , 范围射程 , 距离 ( 山) 脉 vi . 变化 vt . 排列 n 位置 , 场所 , 地点 vt . 使坐落在 ; 设置site [sait].aspect [ ? ? spekt] n .方面方位 , 朝向面貌 ,模样 , 神态consequent [ ? k? nsikw ?nt] adj . 作为结果的 , 随之发生的feature [ ? fi:t? ? ] n 特征 , 特色面貌 , 相貌特写 , 专题节目 ( 电影的 ) 正片 , 故事 .片normal [ ? n? :m? l] adj . 正常平常的正规的 ;标准的的 ,region [ ? ri:d ? ? n ] n. 地区 ; 地带 ; 区域 ; 范围 计谋strategy [ ? str ? tid ? i] n . 战略学 , 兵法战略 , 策略策略 ,assist[ ? ? sist] vt . & vi .帮助, 促进construct [k? n? str ? kt] vt . 修建 , 建立构成 , 组成final [ ? fain ? l ] adj . 最后的 , 最终的决定性的 , 确定性的 n. 决赛 ( 大学的 ) 期终考试vi . 通行 ;流行 vt . 获得 ,obtain [ ? b? tein]得到 ; 买到regulate [ ? reɡjuleit]vt . 控制 , 管理调整 ; 调节survey [s ? ? vei] n. 调查 vt . 眺望 ; 纵览测量 ; 勘察检查 , 鉴定通盘考虑 , 回顾category [ ? k? ti ɡ? n 种类 , 类别ri]. consume[k ? n? sju:m] vt . 消耗 , 消费 , 耗尽大吃 , 大喝烧毁 , 毁灭 镜头 眼focus [ ? f ? uk? n 焦点 , 焦距 ; 中心 vt . & v i .( 使 集中 , ( 使 ) 聚集调整 ( , s]. ) 睛) 焦点 [ 焦距 ] 以便看清 vt .& vi . 参加 ,participat e [p ɑ:? tisipei t] 参与relevant [ ? rel? v? nt] adj . 有关的 ,切题的3n 正文 ,本文原文, 全文教科书 , 课本 text [tekst]. n 章 篇 chapter [ ? t ? ? pt ? , 回 ,] . 存款数额借款贷款赞扬荣誉 功劳信credit [ ? kredit] n . 赊购 ; 赊购制度存款 ; ; , ,任, 相信学分 vt . 相信 ,信任把⋯记入贷方 , 存入 ( 账户) vi 对某事物有影响impact [ ? imp? kt] n 影响 , 作用冲击 ( 力 ), 碰撞 vt . & ..perceive [p ? ? si:v]vt . 感觉 ,察觉 , 理解reside [ri ? zaid] vi . 居住 ; 定居 tradition [tr ? ? di ? ? n 传统惯例n]. 授权 委托委员会佣金 回扣 vt 委任 委托commission[k ? ? mi? ? n] n , , . ,. 教养 vt 培植培culture [ ? k? lt ? ? n 文化休养 , , 精神文明养殖 , 培养 , 栽培 . , ] .养 injure[ ?ind ? ? ] vt . 伤害 , 损害positive [ ? p? zitiv] adj . 确实的 ,明确的积极的 ; 肯定的表现得有信心和有希望的 ,确信的〈数〉〈电〉正的 , 阳性的完全的 ; 纯粹的 n. 〈语〉原级形容词确实 ; 正量 , 正数正片n 资源 必要时可给予 帮助、支持或安慰的事物才智 机敏 创 resource [ri ? s? ( ) ; ; :s].造精神n 转移 转让 转录中转 换乘 改变路线 vt 转让 vt transfer [tr ? ns? f ?; ; , , . . & :] . vi . 转移; 迁移 Sublist 3alternative [ ? :l ? t ? :n ? tiv] adj . 两者择一的 , 供替代的不寻常的 , 非传统性的n 取舍 ,抉择 , 可供选择的事物选择的余地 , 可供选择的机会非正统的 . convene[k ? n? vi:n] vt . & vi . 召开 , 召集emphasis[ ? emf? n 强调 , 重点 sis].interact [ ? ? nt ? r ? ? kt] vi . 相互作用 [ 影响 ], 互相配合philosophy [f i ? l ? s? fi ] n 哲学人生哲学 , 人生观达观. 性行为sex[seks] n 性别 ; 性男性 ; 女性性关系性活动 ,.circumstance [ ? s? :k ? mst? ns] n. 环境 , 条件 , 情况境遇 , 经济状况coordinate [k ? u? ? :dineit] adj . 同等的 , 并列的 n. 〈数〉坐标 vt . 使协调 ; 使调 和ensure [in ? ? u? ] vt . 确保 , 担保担保获得 [ 避免 ] justify [ ? d? ? stifai] vt . 证明⋯有理 ; 为⋯辩护physical [ ? fizik ? l] adj . 身体的 , 肉体的物质的自然规律的 , 按自然法则的自然n 身体检查 , 体格检查( 界) 的物理学的 .换 班轮班工人计谋 手段切换键 vi 快速行进 vt shift [ ? ift] n 转换 , 转变轮 [ , . . & . ]vi . 改变 , 变换 , 转移 , 移动去掉 ; 摆脱掉换挡comment[ ? k? ment] n. 评论 , 意见 , 解释 , 批评 vt . & vi . 评论 ; 谈论 core [k ? :] n. 果核核心 , 精髓 , 要点exclude [iks ? klu:d] vt . 排除 ; 不包括在内n 层 ,层次layer [ ? lei ? ] .proportion [pr ? ? p? : ? ? n] n. 均衡 ; 相称 , 协调一物与他物在数量、 大小等方面的关系 ; 比例部分 ; 份儿 vt . 详述指定specify [ ? spesifai]4compensate[ ? k?mpenseit]vt . &vi . 补偿 , 报酬corporate [ ? k? :p ? rit] adj . 社团的 , 法人的framework [ ? freimw ? :k] n 构架 ; 结构. vi 连接 联系n 环 , 联系 , 纽带 vt. & . , link [li ? k] .publish [ ? p? bli ? ] vt . & vi . 出版公布sufficient [s ? ? fi ? ? nt] adj . 足够的 ; 充足的component[k ? m? p? un? nt] n 成分 , 组成部分 , 部件 ,元件.correspond [ ? k? ris ? p? nd] vi . 相符合 , 相一致相当 , 相类似通信 给⋯拨款fund [f ? n 基金 , 专款现款 ; 资金储备 , 蕴藏 vt . 为⋯提供资金 ,nd] .locate [l ? u? keit] vt . 找出 ,指出 ( 地点或位置 ) vt . & vi .( 在⋯)设置,坐落于react [ri ? ? kt] vi . 起反应 ; 有影响反对 ; 对抗task [t n 工作 ; 任务 ; 差事 ɑ:sk].n 同意 赞成 vi 同意 赞成 consent [k ? n? 准许 , , . ;sent] . criteri a [kra ? ? t ? ? r ? ? ] n. 标准 illustrat e [ ? il ? streit] vt . 给⋯加插图说明 , 阐明 ; 表明maximise[ ? m? ksimaiz] vt . 使( 某事物 ) 增至最大限度最大限度地利用 ( 某事物 ) 记录register [ ? red ? is t ? ] n 登记 ( 表 ), 注册 ( 簿 ) 记录器暖气 , 调风器 vt . & vi . ;. 登记 ; 注册显出注意到 , 记住 technical [ ? teknik ? l] adj . 技术的 ; 应用科学的艺术的 , 工艺的 ( 指书等 ) 要求有专门知识的 , 使用术语的 , 专业的 adj . 相当大 ( 或多 ) 的considerable [k ? n? sid ? r ? bl]deduce[di? dju:s] vt . 推论 ,演绎immigrate [ ? imi ɡreit] vi . 移入minor [ ? main? ] adj . 较小的 , 较少的 , 低级的 , 次要的 n. 未成年人副修科目rely[ri? lai] vi .信任; 信赖 ; 依赖 , 依靠technique [tek ? ni:k] n . 技巧 , 手法 , 技术技能constant [ ? k? nst ? nt] adj . 始终如一的 , 恒久不变的不断的 , 连续发生的忠实的 ,忠诚的demonstrate [ ? dem? nstreit ] vi . 举行示威游行 ( 或集会 ) vt . 说明 , 演示论证 , 证明 显示 , 表露imply [im ? plai]vt . 暗示 ,暗指必然包含negate [ni ? ɡeit] vt . 取消 , 使无效否定 ; 否认remove[ri ? mu:v] vi . 迁移 ; 移居 vt . 移走 ; 排除开除应用科学工业技术technology [tek ? n? l ? d? i ] n 科技 (总称 ); 工艺 ; .constrain [k ? n? strein] vt . 强迫 , 强使 ; 限制 , 约束记载document[ ? d? kjum? nt] n . 公文 , 文件 , 文献 vt . 证明记录,initial [i ? ni ? ?l] adj . 最初的 , 开头的outcome[ ? autk ? n 结果m] .scheme[ski:m] n. 阴谋 , 诡计计划 , 方案 vt .&vi . 策划 ;图谋valid [ ? v? lid]adj . 正当的 , 有充分根据的 , 符合逻辑的有效的有法律效力的contribute [k ? n?tribjut] vi . 起促成作用 vt . & vi . 捐献 , 捐助 , 贡献出撰稿 , 投稿dominate [ ? d? mineit] vt . 耸立于 , 俯临 vt .& vi . 控制 , 支配 , 统治在⋯中占首要 地位 n 例子 实例instance [ ? ins t ? ns] . ,5ɑ n 伙伴 , 同伙 , 合伙人 , 股东同伴, 搭档配偶 , 情人 vt . 做⋯的 partner [ ? p :tn ? ].搭档n 有关联的一组事物 一连串先后次序 顺序 连续 sequence[ ? si:kw ? , , , ns]. 册 书卷体积 容量音量volume[ ? v? lju:m] n 卷 , , ; 容积 , , 响度. Sublist 4access[ ?? kses] n 通道 , 入口接近 [ 取得 ]⋯的方法 [ 权利等 ] vt . 存取 计算机文件 ). (communicate[k ? ? mju:nikeit] vi . 通讯 ; 交际 , 交流相连 ; 相通 vt .& vi . 传达 ; 表 达 n 错误过失 失误error [ ? , er ? ].internal [in ? t ? :n ?l] adj . 内部的国内的 , 内政的体内的 相对应的 n 平行线 面 paralle l [ ? p? r ? lel] adj .( 指至少两条线 ) 平行的类似的 ; ] . [ 极相似的人 [ 事物 ] 类似( 点), 相似(之处)比较纬线 , 纬圈 vt . 与⋯平行 ; 与⋯相当 resolve [ri ? z? lv] vt .( 指委员会或集会 ) 表决解决 ( 问题、疑问等 ) 分解 ,解析( 某物 )vt . & vi . 决定 ;决心adj . 充分的 ,adequate[ ? ? dikwit]足够的适当的 , 胜任的concentrate [ ? k? ns? ntrei t] vt . 浓缩 vt . &vi . 专心于 ;注意集中 , 聚集ethnic [ ? e θnik] adj . 种族的 ,部落的某文化群体的 investigate [in ? vesti ɡeit] n vt . 调查 ; 审查 特性 界限〈物〉〈数〉参量参数parameter [p ? ? r ? mit ? ] 限定性的 ) 因素 , , , .( retain [ri ? tein] vt . 保持 ; 保留止住 ; 容纳 一年一次的 n 一年生植物年刊 年报annual [ ? ? nju ? l] adj . 每年的 , 年度的 , , ,.年鉴confer [k ? n? f ? :] vi . 〈拉〉商谈 , 商议 vt . 授予 , 赋予goal [ ɡ? n 球门进球得的分努力的对象 , 目标ul] .job[d ? ? b] n. 职业 , 职位 ( 一件) 工作职责 , 责任 分阶段计划 安排n 阶段 , 时期 月亮、行星的 ) 位相 vt . [ ]phase[feiz].n ( series [ ? si ? 连续的同类事物 , 系列串联ri:z].apparent [ ? ? p? r ? nt] adj . 显然明白的 , 清晰可见的表面上的 ,貌似(真实)的的 ,contrast [ ? k? ntr ? st]n. 对比 , 对照差异 , 差别对照物 , 明显的对比物 vt . &vi . 对比 , 对照 n 补助金 津贴 vt 准许 答应给予承认,助学金 , . ;grant [ ɡr ɑ:nt]. n 符号 vt 贴标签于把⋯列为label [ ? leib ? l] 标签 , 标记称号 ; ; 标示 . .predict [pri ? dikt ] vt . & vi . 预言 ; 预测 ; 预示 统计量statistic [st ? ? tistik ] adj . 统计的 , 统计学的 n .approximate [ ? ? pr ? ksimit] adj . 近似的 , 大约的 vt . & vi . 近似 , 接近cycle [ ? saikl] n . 循环 , 周期自行车 , 摩托车 vi . 骑自行 摩托 车[ ] hence[hens]adv. 从此时起 , 从此处因此 , 所以mechanism[ ? mek? niz ? m] n. 机械装置构造 , 机制办法 , 技巧 , 途径 本金被代principal [ ? prins ? p? l] adj . 最重要的 ; 主要的 n 负责人 , 校长资本, . 理人 , 委托人status [ ? steit ? s] n. 身份 , 地位情形 , 状况attitude [ ? ? n 态度 , 看法姿态 , 姿势titju:d]. v t v i 辩论争论debate [di ? beit] n 讨论 , 辩论 . & . ,.6hypothesis [hai ? p? θ n 假说 , 假设 ,前提isis].obvious [ ? ? bvi ? s] adj . 明显的 ; 显而易见的prior [ ? prai? ] adj . 优先的 ;在前的 ; 较早的重读强调stress [stres] n 压力 , 紧张强调 , 重要性重力重音 vt . .n 属性 特性 v t 认为⋯是 归因于⋯认为某作品出自某 attribute [ ? ?tribju:t] , . ; .人之手认为某事 [ 物] 属于某人 [ 物]despite [dis ? pait] prep . 不管 , 尽管 vt 使生效 贯彻执行implement [ ? implim ? n 工具 , 器具 , 用具. , , nt] .occupy[ ? ? kjupai] vt . 占领 ;占有使从事 ; 使忙于professional [pr ? ? fe ? ? n? l ] adj . 职业的 , 专业的内行的 , 有经验的有意的 ,故意的 n. 具有某专业资格的人 ,专业人士内行 , 专家专门职业者 , 职业选手 subsequent [ ? s? bsikw ? nt] adj . 随后的 ,继⋯之后的civil [ ? sivl] adj . 公民的 , 平民的 ; 非军职的 , 非宗教的 ; 国民间的 , 民用的民事 的, 民法的文明的 , 有教养的 尺寸 度量方面 部分规模 程度dimension [di ? men? ? n , , , n].implicate [ ? implikeit] vt . 牵连 , 涉及 配件买卖选择权期权option [ ? ? p? ? n] n 选择 ( 的自由 ) 可选择的办法附件 , , . n 方案 课题 规划抛 投 viproject [pr ? ? d? 项目 , 计划 , , vt . ; ; 射 vt. & . ekt] . 伸出 , 突出 ; 表达特点 vtvi 合计总结 归纳 n 总数 ,总和金额算术 . & ., sum[s ? m] . n 法规 vt 将⋯译成电码 code[k ? ud] 法典 , , 章程密码 , 电码代号 , 编码 ..domestic [d ? ? mestik] adj . 本国的 ,国内的家庭的 , 家用的驯养的impose[im ? p? uz] vi . 利用 ,占便宜 ; 欺骗 vt . 强迫 ,强加课税 , 惩罚output [ ? autput] n. 产量输出 , 输出功率promote[pr ? ? m? ut ] vt . 提升 , 提拔筹划 , 发起 , 创立推销〈正〉促进 ; 推动 ; 增进summary[ ? s? m? ri] adj . 即刻的 , 立即的匆忙的 , 草率的概括的 ; 简要的 n 摘要 ,. 概要commit[k ?? mit] vt . 犯罪 ;犯错承诺 ; 使自己受约束托付 ; 交付emerge[i ? m? :d ? ] vi . 出现 ;显出 ; 暴露integrate [ ? inti ɡreit]vt . 使结合成为整体 vt .& vi .( 使) 融入overall [ ? ? uv? r ? :l] adj . 总体的 ;全面的 ;综合的全面考虑的adv. 大体上 ,总 的来说一切包括在内 , 全部的 n 长罩衣工装裤 ; 工作裤. 政权 regime [rei ? ? n 政治制度 , , 政体 i:m] .undertake [ ? ? nd? ? teik] vt . 担任 , 承揽 ; 保证着手 , 开始Sublist 5 academy[ ? ? k? d? mi] n. 专科学校研究院 , 学会 consult [k ? n? s? lt] vt . 请教 , 咨询 ; 找 ( 医生 ) 诊治翻阅 , 查阅顾及 ,考虑 vt . &vi . 商议, 商量evolve [i ? v? lv] vt . & vi . 演变 ; 进化 特许放纵 放肆licence [ ? lais ? ns] n 许可证 , 执照许可 , , .orient [ ? ? :ri ? nt] n. 东方 ,亚洲 vt . 使熟悉 , 使适应使朝向 ;使确定位置style [stail] n 风格 , 格调 ; 文体行为方式, 作风种类 , 类型 ; 流行式样 ; 款式风度 ;.格调 ;气派7adjust [ ? ? d? ? st ] vt . & vi .( 改变⋯以 ) 适应 ; 调整 ; 校正 门路触点 接头contact [ ? k? nt ? n 接触联系 , 联络 , 交往社会关系 , 熟人 , ,kt]. vt . & vi . 联系expand[iks ? p? nd] vt .& vi . 使⋯变大 , 扩大 , 扩张伸展 , 伸开 ,张开 , 展开logic [ ? l ? d? ik] n 逻辑 (学 ), 逻辑性推理方法合理的想法.想法 perspective [p ? ? n 远景 , 景前途 ;希望透视透视图观点 , spektiv].substitut e[ ? s? bstitju:t] vt . & vi . 代替 , 替换 , 代用alter [ ?? :lt ? ] vt . & vi .改变, 更改 v i 太阳 落下 vt v i 辞谢 谢绝 邀请decline [di ? klain] n 下降 , 减少 , 衰退 .( ) . & . ;. ( 等)expose[iks ? p? uz] vt . 曝光暴露 ; 显露揭露 , 袒露 余地margin [ ? m ɑ:d ? in]n 页边空白边 , 边缘差数 , 差额 ; .precise [pri ?sais]adj . 精确的 ,准确的恰好的 ; 正是的周密的 , 细密的 , 精细的sustain [s ? ? stein] vt . 承受 ,支撑维持长期保持 ; 使继续经受 , 遭受amend[ ? ? mend] vt . & vi . 改良 ;修改 , 修订discrete [dis ?kri:t] adj . 分离的 , 不相关联的external [eks ?t ? :nl] adj . 外面的 , 外部的外观的 , 表面的外国的medical [ ? medik? l ] adj . 医学的 , 医疗的 , 医术的内科的 n 全盛时期vt 使准prime [praim] adj . 首要的 ; 主要的 ; 基本的最好的, 第一流的 . .备好 , 使完成准备工作事先指导 , 事先向⋯提供情况symbol[ ? simb? l] n 象征 , 标志符号 , 记号.aware[ ? ? w? ? ] adj . 意识到的 , 知道的draft [drɑ:ft ]n. 草稿 ,草案 , 草图汇票应召入伍者 ;特遣队 vt . 起草 ,画草图 , 草 拟选派 , 抽调征募 , 征召⋯入伍facilitat e [f ? ? siliteit] vt . 使便利 ,减轻⋯的困难mental [ ? mentl] adj . 精神的 ,头脑的 , 心理的 , 智力的精神病的psychology [sai ? k? l ? d? i] n. 心理学心理 ; 心理特点 服务的 对象 攻击的 对象target [ ? t n .( 射击的 ) 靶子 ( 欲达到的 ) 目 指 标 ); ( )ɑ:ɡit][ ] (vt . 瞄准某物n 容量 容积才能 能力身份 职位capacity [k ? ? p? , , ,siti].enable [i ? neibl] vt . 使能够 ;提供做⋯的权利 [ 措施 ] 使可能n 基本原则 基本fundamental [ ? f ? nd? ? ment? l] adj . 基本的 ; 重要的 , 必要的. , 法则 vt . 修饰 vt . & vi . 修改 ,modify [ ? m?difai] 更改pursue [p ? ? sju:] vt . 追捕 , 追击追求继续 ; 从事 , 经营transit [ ? tr ? nsit] n 搬运 ; 载运 ; 运输 .challenge [ ? t ? ? lind ? ] n. 挑战 , 邀请比赛怀疑 , 质问艰巨的任务 vt . 挑战质疑考验energy [ ? en? d? i ] n. 活力 ,干劲 , 能力精力〈物〉能 , 能量 , 能源generate [ ? d? en? reit] vt . 生成 , 产生引起 , 导致 班长 纠察员 vt 监听 监monitor [ ? m? nit ? n 监视器 , 监听器 ; 检测器 ( 学校 ); . , ]. 视监测 , 检测ratio [ ? rei ? i ? u] n. 比, 比率n 趋势 , 倾向流行trend [trend].法律文件等的条款 clause [kl n 从句 ( )? :z] .8enforce [in ? f ? :s] vt . 实施 ,执行强迫 , 迫使 一代人 一代产生 发生 generation [ ? d? en? ? rei ? ? n 同时代的人 , , , n]. 电视网 n 网状物 (电视与计算机 ) 网络 , 网状系统广播网, network [ ? netw? :k] . 不合格产品 vt 谢绝 排斥 退 reject [ri ? d? n 被拒货品, . 拒绝 , ; 驳回舍弃 , , ekt] .掉n 个人对事件的 描述 说法 看法版本 形式译本 剧本 version [ ? v? : ? ? n] .( ) , , , ,复合物 院子 围起来的 vtcompound[ ? k? mpaund] n , 化合物 ( 筑有围墙的 ),( ) 场地 . . 使混合 , 使合成使严重 ; 使恶化 实际存在物 entity [ ? n 实体 , 独立存在体 , entiti].物 翻版比喻 引 image[ ? imid ? n 形象 , 概念镜像 , 影像 , 图像印象酷似的人 [ ], , ] .喻, 明喻外形 , 外表 , 模样 奇想 意图 打算notion [ ? n? u? n 概念 ,观念 , 看法突然的念头 , ; , ? n] .revenue [ ? rev ? nju:] n . 收入 , 收益 ; 财政收入 , 税收welfare [ ? welf ? ? ] n. 健康 , 幸福 , 繁荣福利〈美〉政府的福利 ( 制度 )conflict [ ? k? nflikt ] n 战斗 , 斗争冲突 , 抵触 , 争论 vi . 抵触 , 冲突.equivalent [i ? kwiv ? l ? nt]adj . 相等的 , 相当的liberal [ ? lib ? r ? l] adj . 心胸宽阔的 , 无偏见的慷慨的 , 大方的开放的 ; 主张变革的自由的 , n 宽容大度的人自由主义者不拘一格的 . adj 客观的 不带偏见的 n 目标 目的objective [ ? b? d? ektiv] . ; ;.stable [ ? steibl] adj . 稳定的 ; 安定的沉稳 [ 持重 ] 的whereas[hw? ? r ? ? z] conj . 但是 ,而Sublist 6abstract [ ? ? bstr ? kt] adj . 抽象的抽象派的 n 抽象 , 抽象概念 , 抽象性抽象派艺 .术作品摘要 , 梗概 vt .提取, 抽取做⋯的摘要capable [ ? keip ? bl] adj . 有能力的 , 有技能的exceed[ik? si:d] vi .( 在数量、质量上 ) 突出 , 领先 vt . 超过 ;超越incidence [ ? insid ? n 发生率 , 影响范围ns] .migrate [mai ? ɡreit] vi . 迁移 ;移往recover [ri ? k? v? ] vi . 恢复健康 ( 体力、能力等 ) vt . 恢复 ; 重新获得 , 找回〈正〉恢复 ( 适当的状态或位置 )accurate [ ? ? kjurit] adj . 精确的 , 准确的正确无误的cite [sait] vt . 引用 , 举例表彰 , 嘉奖传唤 ,传讯能手expert [ ? eksp? :t] adj.专家的,内行的,熟练的 n 专家,.incorporate [in ? k? :p?reit]vt . 包含 ,加上 , 吸收把⋯合并 , 使并入组成公司minimum[ ? minim? m] adj.最低的,最小的n 最低限度,最小量.reveal[ri ? vi:l] vt . 显示 ; 露出泄露 ;透露acknowledge[ ? k? n? lid ? ] vt . 承认 ,供认告知已收到鸣谢 , 感谢cooperate [k ? u? ? p? reit] vi . 合作 ;配合 , 协助explicit [iks ?plisit]adj . 详述的 , 明确的 , 明晰的直言的 , 毫不隐瞒的 , 露骨的index [ ? n 索引标志,象征;量度(物价或工资的)指数〈数〉指数,幂 vt.indeks] .给⋯编索引 , 指示出n政府的部ministry [ ?ministri] .( )n 余地, 机会 (处理、研究事务的 ) 范围scope[sk ? up] .9aggregate [ ? ? ɡri ɡit] n 〈正〉数 , 总计 vt . 总计达⋯ vt . & vi .( 使 聚集. ) discriminate [di s ? krimineit ] vi . 歧视 , 有差别地对待 vt . & vi . 分别 ,辨别 , 区分federal [ ? fed ? r ? l ] adj . 联邦 ( 制) 的联邦政府的 inhibit [in ?hibit] n vt . 阻止 ; 抑制动机 , 目的motive [ ? m? utiv].n subsidy [ ? s? bsidi] . 补贴 , 津贴 , 补助金allocate [ ? ? l ? keit] vt . 分配 , 分派把⋯拨给 vt 陈列 展览显示显露display [di s ? n 陈列 , 展览陈列的货物、艺术品等 . , , plei].n 费 ,酬金fee [fi:]. vt . 开始 , initiat e [i ? ni ? ieit] 着手传授 ; 使初步了解接纳新成员 , 让⋯加入neutral [ ? nju:t r ? l ] adj . 中立的 , 不偏不倚的中立 ( 国家 ) 的暗淡的 ; 非彩色的 ( 化学中 ) 中性的不带电的 n .( 汽车或其他机器的 ) 空挡位置中立人士 ; 中立国n 带子录音磁带 ; 录像带 vt . 用带子捆起来 vt . & vi . 录音tape [teip].vt . 分配 ; assign [ ? ? sain] 交给指派 , 选派指定 , 订出diverse [dai ? v? s] adj . 不同的 ,多种多样的flexibl e [ ? flek s ? bl ] adj . 易弯曲的 , 柔韧的灵活的 , 可变通的input [ ? n 输入 , 投入〈电〉输入端输入的数据 vt . 把⋯输入电脑input]. adv 仍然 然而 尽管如此 然而nevertheless [ ? nev? e ? ? les] , , 不过 conj . ,. v t 标出 trace [treis] n 踪迹 ; 痕迹 ; 形迹极微的量 . 追踪 ; 追溯发现 ; 找到描绘 ; . vt . & vi . 缓慢而困难地书写 attach [ ? ? t ? t ? ] vt . & vi . 贴上 ; 系 ; 附上 产业domain[d ? u? n 范围 , 领域版图 , 领土地产 ,mein] .furthermore [ ? f ? : e ?? m? :] adv. 而且 ,此外instruc t [i n ? str ? kt] vt . 命令 , 指示教 , 指导通知 向或来自 外国的 adv 在overseas [ ? ? uv? ? si:z] adj .( 在 海外的 , ( 在 )国外的 ( )) . [ 向] 海外; 在[ 向] 国外 vt .& vi . 改变transform [tr ? ns? f ? :m] 创始人 发起人author [ ? ? : θ? n 著作家 , 作者创造者 , ; ].edit [ ? edit] vt . 剪辑 ( 电影、录音磁带、无线电或电视节目、书等) vt . &vi . 编辑n 〈语〉性gender[ ? d? end? ] .intelligent [in ? telid ? ?nt] adj . 聪明的 ; 理解力强的precede [ ? pri ? si:d] vt . & vi . 在⋯之前 , 先于transport [tr ? ns? p? :t]vt . 运送 ; 流放使万分激动契约票据vt 使粘结bond[b ? nd] n 联系,关系连接,接合,结合有息债券合同, , . ,. 使结合enhance[in ? hɑ:ns] vt . 提高 , 增加 , 加强ignorant [ ?i ɡn? r ? nt] adj . 无知的 , 愚昧的interval[ ?int ? v?n 间隔时间幕间休息l] .presume[pri ? zju:m] vi . 冒昧地做某事 ; 错用自作主张 , 放肆 vt . 以为 ; 假定underlie [ ?? nd? ?lai] vt . 位于或存在于 ( 某物 ) 之下构成⋯的基础 ( 或起因 ); 引起brief [bri:f] adj.短暂的,短时间的简洁的,简短的 n.概要,摘要vt.向⋯介绍基本情况 , 作⋯的摘要estate [is ?teit]n. 土地 , 地区庄园 , 种植园地产 ,财产 ;遗产动机incentive [in ? sentiv] n 激励某人做某事的事物; 刺激; 诱因,n .讲课冗长的训斥教训训斥vtlecture [ ? lekt ? ? ]演讲; [谴责 ]vt.责备, , . & .10vi .( 向⋯) 演讲 ; ( 给⋯) 讲课rational [ ? r ? ? ? nl] adj . 神智清楚的理性的 ; 理智的 ; 合理的 ; 出于理性的 utilize [ ? ju:tilaiz] vt . 利用 , 使用Sublist 7adapt [ ? ? d? pt] vt . 改编 , 改写 vt . & vi .( 使)适应, ( 使) 适合contrary [ ? k? ntr ? ri ] adj . 相反的 , 相违的 n 相反 , 反面 , 对立面.empirical [em? pirik ? l] adj . 以观察或实验为依据的identical [ai ? dentik ? l ] adj . 同一的 事物phenomenon[fi n 现象特殊的人 [ ]? n? min? n] .submit [s ? b? mit] vi . 屈服 , 认输 vt . 提交 , 呈递〈正〉建议 , 主张 , 申辩adult [ ? ? d? lt ] adj . 成熟的成年人的 , 适宜于成年人的n . 成年的人或动物convert [k ? n? v? :t ] vt . & vi .( 使 ) 转变 , ( 使) 转化皈依 , 改变( 信仰)equip[i? k wip] vt . 装备 , 配备使有能力 , 使胜任ideology [ ? aid i ? ? l ? d? n 思想 ( 体系 ), 思想意识 i]. priorit y [prai? ? riti] n. 优先权 , 重点优先考虑的事 继承人successor [s ? k? ses? ] n 接替的人或事物 , 继任者 ,.advocate [ ? ? dv? keit ] n. 提倡者 , 拥护者辩护律师 , 辩护人 vt . 提倡 , 主张couple [ ? k? n 一对 , 一双一些 , 几个夫妻 , 情侣 vt . 连接 , 联结 , 联系pl] . 摘录 v t抽出提取 extract [iks ? tr ? kt ] n ,引用提炼物 , 浓缩物 .( 费力地 ) 拔出 , , . 榨出infer [in? f ?:] vt . 推断 ,推知prohibit [pr ? ? hibit] vt . 禁止 ;阻止survive [s ? ? vaiv] vi . 幸存 , 活下来 vt . 比⋯活得长 , 经历⋯之后还存在 n 帮助 , 援助 , 救助助手 , 辅助物 , 辅助手段 vt . 帮助 , 援助aid [eid].decade[ ? dekeid] n. 十年 , 十年间 文件 计算机文件纵列v i 排成纵队前进 vtfile [fail] n 文件夹 , 公文箱卷宗 , ; . . .把⋯归档提交 ( 申请等 ), 呈递用锉锉innovate [ ? in ? uveit] vi . 改 创新革 ,publication[ ? p? bli ? kei ? ? n] n. 发表 , 公布出版 , 刊行 , 发行出版物 , 书刊thesis [ ?n 论题 , 命题 , 论点论文 , 毕业 或学位 ) 论文θi:sis].( channel [ ? t ?? n 海峡通道 ; 水沟 , 水渠渠道 , 途径频道 nl] .definit e [ ? definit] adj . 明确的 ,确切的一定的 , 肯定的finite [ ? fainait ] adj . 有限的 , 有限度的〈语〉限定的 vt 插入 嵌入insert [in ? s? n 添入物 ( 尤指一页印刷品图中插入或套印的小图 ) . ,:t] .quote [kw? ut] vt . 提到⋯以支持某论点报 ( 价); 开( 价) vt . & vi . 引用 , 援引topic [ ? t ? n 题目 ,论题 , 话题pik] . chemical [ ? kemik? l] adj . 化学的 n. 化学药品deny[di ? nai] vt . 否认知情拒绝 建立 设立创办基础基本原理 根据地基基金 foundation [faun ? dei ? n , , , , ? n] .( 会)intervene [ ? ? nt ? ? vi:n] vi . 干涉 , 干预 ; 调解干扰 , 阻碍 发布的新闻消息 vtrelease [ri ? n 释放 ,排放 , 解除释放令公映的新影片 , [ ] . li:s]. 释放 ; 放开发布 ; 发行 ; 发售11transmit [tr ? nz? mit]vt . 传播, 传染传导 vt . & vi .发射, 播送 , 广播 classic [ ? kl ? sik] adj .( 著作 , 赛事等 ) 最优秀的 , ( 可作)典范的 (病例等 )典型的 ,标准的 ( 衣服, 设计等 ) 传统式样的 , 典雅的 ( 因为时已久 ) 著名的 ; n 文豪 , 大传统的 .艺术家 ;文学名著 , 经典作品 , 杰作优秀的典范 differentiat e [ ? dif ? ? ren ?ieit] vi . 区别对待 vt . & vi . 区分 ,区别 , 辨别 globe [ ɡl? n 地球 , 世界球体 ; 球状物地球仪 ub].isolate [ ? ais ? leit] vt . 使隔离 ,使孤立 , 使脱离n 相反钱币的反面背面 失败 reverse [ri ? v? :s] adj . 相反的 , 颠倒的 , 反向的 [] , .挫败 vt . & vi .( 使)反转; ( 使)颠倒; ( 使) 翻转推翻 , 取消使倒退 , 逆转ultimate [ ? ? ltimit] adj . 最后的,最终的基本的 , 根本的最大的 , 极限程度的 comprehensive [ ? k? mpri ? hensiv] adj . 广泛的 ,综合的dispose [dis ? p? uz] vt . 布置使愿意或准备做 vt . & vi . 处理 ; 处置 分数grade[ ɡreid] n 官阶、质量 等级 , 品级 , 阶段 , 程度〈尤美〉 ( 考试或作业的 ) , .( ) 评分等级〈尤美〉 ( 学生受测试的 ) 技巧水平 ( 尤指音乐方面 ) 〈美〉 年级 ; ( 按年级划 分的 ) 小学生 n 媒体media[ ? mi:dj ? ]. vt . 假装模仿 ,simulate [ ?simjuleit] 模拟unique [ju: ? ni:k] adj . 独一无二的 , 仅有的 , 惟一的异常的 ,特有的 , 少见的comprise [k ? m? praiz] vt . 包含 ,包括 , 由⋯组成组成 ,构成dynamic[dai ? n? mik] adj . 有活力的 , 强有力的不断变化的动力的 , 动态的guarantee [ ? ɡ? r ? n? n 保证 , 保障 ; 保证书 ; 保用期担保 , 担保人担保品 ,ti:]. 抵押品 vt . 保证 ; 担保使 ( 事情 ) 可能发生mode[m? ud]n. 方式 ,样式样式 ,风格 sole [s ? ul ] adj . 单独的 ,惟一的专有的 , 独占的visible [ ? viz ? bl] adj . 看得见的 ,可见的 ,有形的明显的 , 可察觉到的confirm [k ? n? f ? :m] vt . 证实 , 证明 ; 肯定 , 确认使巩固 , 加强批准 ; 认可 eliminate [i ? limineit] vt . 消除 ,排除忽略淘汰〈口〉干掉。
AWL英语学术词汇表
AWL英语学术词汇表(1)《英语常用学术词汇表》《英语学术词汇表》(The Academic Word Lis t, AWL)是一个由Victoria University of Wellingto n, New Zealand 的一些应用语言学家统计出来的词汇表,它包含了学术英语(English for Academic Purpose)中最常用的570个词目(headwords)。
《英语学术词汇表》分10个sublists (小类),除了第10小类包含30个词目外,其他小类均含有60个词目。
Sublist 1(第1类)包含的词汇最常用,sublist 2(第2类)中的词汇使用频率稍低,其他的sublist3 依次类推。
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word Listanalyseanalysedanalyseranalysersanalysesanalysinganalysisanalystanalystsanalyticanalyticalanalyticallyanalyzeanalyzedanalyzesanalyzing approachapproachableapproached economyeconomiceconomicaleconomicallyeconomicseconomieseconomisteconomistsuneconomicalenvironmentenvironmentalenvironmentalistenvironmentalistsenvironmentallyenvironmentsestablishdisestablishdisestablisheddisestablisheslegislatelegislatedlegislateslegislatinglegislationlegislativelegislatorlegislatorslegislaturemajormajoritiesmajoritymethodmethodicalmethodologicalmethodologiesmethodologymethodsoccurapproachesapproachingunapproachable areaareasassessassessableassessedassessesassessingassessmentassessmentsreassessreassessedreassessingreassessmentunassessed assumeassumedassumesassumingassumptionassumptions authorityauthoritativeauthorities availableavailabilityunavailablebenefitbeneficialbeneficiarybeneficiariesbenefitedbenefitingbenefitsconceptconceptionconceptsconceptualconceptualisationconceptualiseconceptualisedconceptualisesdisestablishingdisestablishmentestablishedestablishesestablishingestablishmentestablishmentsestimateestimatedestimatesestimatingestimationestimationsover-estimateoverestimateoverestimatedoverestimatesoverestimatingunderestimateunderestimatedunderestimatesunderestimatingevidentevidencedevidenceevidentialevidentlyexportexportedexporterexportersexportingexportsfactorfactoredfactoringfactorsfinancefinancedfinancesfinancialfinanciallyfinancierfinanciersoccurredoccurrenceoccurrencesoccurringoccursreoccurreoccurredreoccurringreoccurspercentpercentagepercentagesperiodperiodicperiodicalperiodicallyperiodicalsperiodspolicypoliciesprincipleprincipledprinciplesunprincipledproceedproceduralprocedureproceduresproceededproceedingproceedingsproceedsprocessprocessedprocessesprocessingrequirerequiredrequirementrequirementsrequiresrequiringresearchresearchedconceptualisingconceptually consistconsistedconsistencyconsistentconsistentlyconsistingconsistsinconsistenciesinconsistencyinconsistent constituteconstituenciesconstituencyconstituentconstituentsconstitutedconstitutesconstitutingconstitutionconstitutionsconstitutionalconstitutionallyconstitutiveunconstitutional contextcontextscontextualcontextualisecontextualisedcontextualisinguncontextualisedcontextualizecontextualizedcontextualizinguncontextualized contractcontractedcontractingcontractorcontractorscontractscreatefinancingformulaformulaeformulasformulateformulatedformulatingformulationformulationsreformulatereformulatedreformulatingreformulationreformulationsfunctionfunctionalfunctionallyfunctionedfunctioningfunctionsidentifyidentifiableidentificationidentifiedidentifiesidentifyingidentitiesidentityunidentifiableincomeincomesindicateindicatedindicatesindicatingindicationindicationsindicativeindicatorindicatorsindividualindividualisedindividualityindividualismresearcherresearchersresearchesresearchingrespondrespondedrespondentrespondentsrespondingrespondsresponseresponsesresponsiveresponsivenessunresponsiverolerolessectionsectionedsectioningsectionssectorsectorssignificantinsignificantinsignificantlysignificancesignificantlysignifiedsignifiessignifysignifyingsimilardissimilarsimilaritiessimilaritysimilarlysourcesourcedsourcessourcingspecificspecificallyspecificationcreatedcreatescreatingcreationcreationscreativecreativelycreativitycreatorcreatorsrecreaterecreatedrecreatesrecreating datadefinedefinabledefineddefinesdefiningdefinitiondefinitionsredefineredefinedredefinesredefiningundefined derivederivationderivationsderivativederivativesderivedderivesderiving distributedistributeddistributingdistributiondistributionaldistributionsdistributivedistributordistributorsindividualistindividualistsindividualisticindividuallyindividualsinterpretinterpretationinterpretationsinterpretativeinterpretedinterpretinginterpretiveinterpretsmisinterpretmisinterpretationmisinterpretationsmisinterpretedmisinterpretingmisinterpretsreinterpretreinterpretedreinterpretsreinterpretingreinterpretationreinterpretationsinvolveinvolvedinvolvementinvolvesinvolvinguninvolvedissueissuedissuesissuinglabourlaborlaboredlaborslabouredlabouringlabourslegalillegalspecificationsspecificityspecificsstructurerestructurerestructuredrestructuresrestructuringstructuralstructurallystructuredstructuresstructuringunstructuredtheorytheoreticaltheoreticallytheoriestheoristtheoristsvaryinvariableinvariablyvariabilityvariablevariablesvariablyvariancevariantvariantsvariationvariationsvariedvariesvaryingredistribute redistributed redistributes redistributing redistribution illegality illegally legality legallySublist 2 of the Academic Word Listachieveachievableachievedachievementachievementsachievesachieving acquireacquiredacquiresacquiringacquisitionacquisitions administrateadministratesadministrationadministrationsadministrativeadministrativelyadministratoradministrators affectaffectedaffectingaffectiveaffectivelyaffectsunaffected appropriateappropriacyappropriatelyappropriatenessinappropriacy distinctdistinctiondistinctionsdistinctivedistinctivelydistinctlyindistinctindistinctlyelementelementsequateequatedequatesequatingequationequationsevaluateevaluatedevaluatesevaluatingevaluationevaluationsevaluativere-evaluatere-evaluatedre-evaluatesre-evaluatingre-evaluationfeaturefeaturedfeaturesfeaturingfinalparticipateparticipantparticipantsparticipatedparticipatesparticipatingparticipationparticipatoryperceiveperceivedperceivesperceivingperceptionperceptionspositivepositivelypotentialpotentiallypreviouspreviouslyprimaryprimarilypurchasepurchasedpurchaserpurchaserspurchasespurchasingrangerangedrangesrangingregioninappropriateinappropriately aspectaspectsassistassistanceassistantassistantsassistedassistingassistsunassisted categorycategoriescategorisationcategorisecategorisedcategorisescategorisingcategorizationcategorizedcategorizescategorizing chapterchapters commissioncommissionedcommissionercommissionerscommissioningcommissions communitycommunities complexcomplexitiescomplexity computecomputationcomputationalcomputationscomputablecomputercomputedcomputerisedfinalisefinalisedfinalisesfinalisingfinalizefinalizedfinalizesfinalizingfinalityfinallyfinalsfocusfocusedfocusesfocusingfocussedfocussingrefocusrefocusedrefocusesrefocusingrefocussedrefocussesrefocussingimpactimpactedimpactingimpactsinjureinjuredinjuresinjuriesinjuringinjuryuninjuredinstituteinstitutedinstitutesinstitutinginstitutioninstitutionalinstitutionaliseinstitutionalisedinstitutionalisesregionalregionallyregionsregulatederegulatedderegulatesderegulatingderegulationregulatedregulatesregulatingregulationregulationsregulatorregulatorsregulatoryunregulatedrelevantirrelevanceirrelevantrelevanceresideresidedresidenceresidentresidentialresidentsresidesresidingresourceresourcedresourcefulresourcesresourcingunresourcefulunder-resourcedrestrictrestrictedrestrictingrestrictionrestrictionsrestrictiverestrictivelyrestrictscomputerscomputing concludeconcludedconcludesconcludingconclusionconclusionsconclusiveconclusivelyinconclusiveinconclusively conductconductedconductingconducts consequentconsequenceconsequencesconsequently constructconstructedconstructingconstructionconstructionsconstructiveconstructsreconstructreconstructedreconstructingreconstructionreconstructs consumeconsumedconsumerconsumersconsumesconsumingconsumption creditcreditedcreditingcreditorcreditorsinstitutionalisinginstitutionalizedinstitutionalizesinstitutionalizinginstitutionallyinstitutionsinvestinvestedinvestinginvestmentinvestmentsinvestorinvestorsinvestsreinvestreinvestedreinvestingreinvestmentreinvestsitemitemisationitemiseitemiseditemisesitemisingitemsjournaljournalsmaintainmaintainedmaintainingmaintainsmaintenancenormalabnormalabnormallynormalisationnormalisenormalisednormalisesnormalisingnormalizationnormalizenormalizedunrestrictedunrestrictivesecureinsecureinsecuritiesinsecuritysecuredsecurelysecuressecuringsecuritiessecurityseekseekingseekssoughtselectselectedselectingselectionselectionsselectiveselectivelyselectorselectorsselectssitesitesstrategystrategicstrategiesstrategicallystrategiststrategistssurveysurveyedsurveyingsurveystexttextstextualtraditionnon-traditionaltraditionalcredits cultureculturalculturallyculturedculturesuncultured designdesigneddesignerdesignersdesigningdesignsnormalizesnormalizingnormalitynormallyobtainobtainableobtainedobtainingobtainsunobtainabletraditionalisttraditionallytraditionstransfertransferabletransferencetransferredtransferringtransfersSublist 3 of the Academic Word Listalternativealternativelyalternatives circumstancecircumstances commentcommentariescommentarycommentatorcommentatorscommentedcommentingcomments compensatecompensatedcompensatescompensatingcompensationcompensationscompensatory componentcomponentrycomponents consentconsensusconsentedconsenting emphasisemphasiseemphasisedemphasisingemphasizeemphasizedemphasizesemphasizingemphaticemphaticallyensureensuredensuresensuringexcludeexcludedexcludesexcludingexclusionexclusionaryexclusionistexclusionsexclusiveexclusivelyframeworkframeworksfundphilosophyphilosopherphilosophersphilosophicalphilosophicallyphilosophiesphilosophisephilosophisedphilosophisesphilosophisingphilosophizephilosophizedphilosophizesphilosophizingphysicalphysicallyproportiondisproportiondisproportionatedisproportionatelyproportionalproportionallyproportionateproportionatelyproportionspublishpublishedconsents considerableconsiderably constantconstancyconstantlyconstantsinconstancyinconstantly constrainconstrainedconstrainingconstrainsconstraintconstraintsunconstrained contributecontributedcontributescontributingcontributioncontributionscontributorcontributors conveneconventionconvenesconvenedconveningconventionalconventionallyconventionsunconventional coordinatecoordinatedcoordinatescoordinatingcoordinationcoordinatorcoordinatorsco-ordinateco-ordinatedco-ordinatesco-ordinatingfundedfunderfundersfundingfundsillustrateillustratedillustratesillustratingillustrationillustrationsillustrativeimmigrateimmigrantimmigrantsimmigratedimmigratesimmigratingimmigrationimplyimpliedimpliesimplyinginitialinitiallyinstanceinstancesinteractinteractedinteractinginteractioninteractionsinteractiveinteractivelyinteractsjustifyjustifiablejustifiablyjustificationjustificationsjustifiedjustifiesjustifyingunjustifiedpublisherpublisherspublishespublishingunpublishedreactreactedreactsreactingreactionreactionariesreactionaryreactionsreactivereactivatereactivationreactorreactorsregisterderegisterderegisteredderegisteringderegistersderegistrationregisteredregisteringregistersregistrationrelyreliabilityreliablereliablyreliancereliantreliedreliesrelyingunreliableremoveremovableremovalremovalsremovedremovesco-ordinationco-ordinatorco-ordinators corecorescoringcoredcorporatecorporatescorporationcorporations correspondcorrespondedcorrespondencecorrespondingcorrespondinglycorresponds criteriacriterion deducededuceddeducesdeducingdeductiondeductions demonstratedemonstrabledemonstrablydemonstrateddemonstratesdemonstratingdemonstrationdemonstrationsdemonstrativedemonstrativelydemonstratordemonstrators documentdocumentationdocumenteddocumentingdocuments dominatedominance layerlayeredlayeringlayerslinklinkagelinkageslinkedlinkinglinkslocatelocatedlocatinglocationlocationsrelocaterelocatedrelocatesrelocatingrelocationmaximisemaxmaximisedmaximisesmaximisingmaximisationmaximizemaximizedmaximizesmaximizingmaximizationmaximumminorminoritiesminorityminorsnegatenegativenegatednegatesnegatingnegativelynegativesoutcomeremovingschemeschematicschematicallyschemedschemesschemingsequencesequencedsequencessequencingsequentialsequentiallysexsexessexismsexualsexualitysexuallyshiftshiftedshiftingshiftsspecifyspecifiablespecifiedspecifiesspecifyingunspecifiedsufficientsufficiencyinsufficientinsufficientlysufficientlytasktaskstechnicaltechnicallytechniquetechniquestechnologytechnologicaltechnologicallyvaliddominant dominated dominates dominating dominationoutcomespartnerpartnerspartnershippartnershipsinvalidateinvalidityvalidatevalidatedvalidatingvalidationvalidityvalidlyvolumevolumesvolSublist 4 of the Academic Word Listaccessaccessedaccessesaccessibilityaccessibleaccessinginaccessible adequateadequacyadequatelyinadequaciesinadequacyinadequateinadequately annualannually apparentapparently approximateapproximatedapproximatelyapproximatesapproximatingapproximationapproximations attitudeattitudes attributeattributable errorerroneouserroneouslyerrorsethnicethnicitygoalgoalsgrantgrantedgrantinggrantshencehypothesishypotheseshypothesisehypothesisedhypothesiseshypothesisinghypothesizehypothesizedhypothesizeshypothesizinghypotheticalhypotheticallyimplementimplementationimplementedimplementingparallelparalleledparallelledparallellingparallelsunparalleledparameterparametersphasephasedphasesphasingpredictpredictabilitypredictablepredictablypredictedpredictingpredictionpredictionspredictsunpredictabilityunpredictableprincipalprincipallypriorprofessionalprofessionallyprofessionalsattributedattributesattributingattributioncivilcodecodedcodescodingcommitcommitmentcommitmentscommitscommittedcommitting communicatecommunicablecommunicatedcommunicatescommunicatingcommunicationcommunicationscommunicativecommunicativelyuncommunicative concentrateconcentratedconcentratesconcentratingconcentration conferconferenceconferencesconferredconferringconferscontrastcontrastedcontrastingcontrastivecontrastscyclecycledcyclesimplementsimplicateimplicatedimplicatesimplicatingimplicationimplicationsimposeimposedimposesimposingimpositionintegrateintegratedintegratesintegratingintegrationinternalinternaliseinternalisedinternalisesinternalisinginternalizeinternalizedinternalizesinternalizinginternallyinvestigateinvestigatedinvestigatesinvestigatinginvestigationinvestigationsinvestigativeinvestigatorinvestigatorsjobjobslabellabeledlabelinglabelledlabellinglabelsprofessionalismprojectprojectedprojectingprojectionprojectionsprojectspromotepromotedpromoterpromoterspromotespromotingpromotionpromotionsregimeregimesresolveresolutionresolvedresolvesresolvingunresolvedretainretainedretainingretainerretainersretainsretentionretentiveseriesstatisticstatisticianstatisticiansstatisticalstatisticallystatisticsstatusstressstressedstressesstressfulstressingcycliccyclicalcyclingdebatedebatabledebateddebatesdebatingdespitedimensiondimensionaldimensionsmultidimensional domesticdomesticallydomesticatedomesticateddomesticatingdomestics emergeemergedemergenceemergentemergesemerging mechanismmechanismsobviousobviouslyoccupyoccupancyoccupantoccupantsoccupationoccupationaloccupationsoccupiedoccupieroccupiersoccupiesoccupyingoptionoptionaloptionsoutputoutputsoverallunstressedsubsequentsubsequentlysumsummationsummedsummingsumssummarysummariessummarisesummarisedsummarisessummarisingsummarisationsummarisationssummarizationsummarizationssummarizesummarizedsummarizessummarizingundertakeundertakenundertakesundertakingundertookSublist 5 of the Academic Word Listacademyacademiaacademicacademicallyacademicsacademies adjustadjustedadjustingadjustmentadjustmentsadjustsreadjust expandexpandedexpandingexpandsexpansionexpansionismexpansiveexposeexposedexposesexposingexposureexposuresorientorientateorientatedorientatesorientationorientatingorientedorientingorientsreorientreorientationperspectiveperspectivesreadjustedreadjustingreadjustmentreadjustmentsreadjusts alteralterablealterationalterationsalteredalteringalternatealternatingaltersunalterableunaltered amendamendedamendingamendmentamendmentsamends awareawarenessunaware capacitycapacitiesincapacitateincapacitated challengechallengedchallengerchallengerschallengeschallenging clauseclauses compoundcompoundedcompoundingcompounds conflictconflictedconflicting externalexternalisationexternaliseexternalisedexternalisesexternalisingexternalityexternalizationexternalizeexternalizedexternalizesexternalizingexternallyfacilitatefacilitatedfacilitatesfacilitiesfacilitatingfacilitationfacilitatorfacilitatorsfacilityfundamentalfundamentallygenerategeneratedgeneratesgeneratinggenerationgenerationsimageimageryimagesliberalliberaliseliberalismliberalisationliberalisedliberalisesliberalisingliberalizationliberalizeliberalizedliberalizespreciseimprecisepreciselyprecisionprimeprimacypsychologypsychologicalpsychologicallypsychologistpsychologistspursuepursuedpursuespursuingpursuitpursuitsratioratiosrejectrejectedrejectingrejectionrejectsrejectionsrevenuerevenuesstableinstabilitystabilisationstabilisestabilisedstabilisesstabilisingstabilizationstabilizestabilizedstabilizesstabilizingstabilityunstablestylestyledstylesconflicts consultconsultancyconsultantconsultantsconsultationconsultationsconsultativeconsultedconsultsconsulting contactcontactablecontactedcontactingcontacts declinedeclineddeclinesdeclining discretediscretelydiscretiondiscretionaryindiscreteindiscretion draftdrafteddraftingdraftsredraftredraftedredraftingredrafts enableenabledenablesenabling energyenergeticenergeticallyenergies enforceenforcedliberalizingliberateliberatedliberatesliberationliberationsliberatingliberatorliberatorsliberallyliberalslicencelicenceslicenselicensedlicensinglicensesunlicensedlogicillogicalillogicallylogicallogicallylogicianlogiciansmarginmarginalmarginallymarginsmedicalmedicallymentalmentalitymentallymodifymodificationmodificationsmodifiedmodifiesmodifyingunmodifiedmonitormonitoredmonitoringstylingstylishstylisestylisedstylisesstylisingstylizestylizedstylizesstylizingsubstitutesubstitutedsubstitutessubstitutingsubstitutionsustainsustainablesustainabilitysustainedsustainingsustainssustenanceunsustainablesymbolsymbolicsymbolicallysymbolisesymbolisessymbolisedsymbolisingsymbolismsymbolizesymbolizedsymbolizessymbolizingsymbolstargettargetedtargetingtargetstransittransitedtransitingtransitionenforcementenforcesenforcing entityentities equivalentequivalence evolveevolutionevolvedevolvingevolvesevolutionaryevolutionistevolutionistsmonitorsunmonitorednetworknetworkednetworkingnetworksnotionnotionsobjectiveobjectivelyobjectivitytransitionaltransitionstransitorytransitstrendtrendsversionversionswelfarewheSublist 6 of the Academic Word Listabstractabstractionabstractionsabstractlyabstractsaccurateaccuracyaccuratelyinaccuracyinaccuraciesinaccurate acknowledgeacknowledgedacknowledgesacknowledgingacknowledgementacknowledgements aggregateaggregatedaggregatesaggregatingaggregation allocateallocatedallocates enhanceenhancedenhancementenhancesenhancingestateestatesexceedexceededexceedingexceedsexpertexpertiseexpertlyexpertsexplicitexplicitlyfederalfederationfederationsfeefeesflexibleflexibilityinflexibleneutralneutralisationneutraliseneutralisedneutralisesneutralisingneutralityneutralizationneutralizeneutralizedneutralizesneutralizingneverthelessoverseasprecedeprecededprecedenceprecedentprecedesprecedingunprecedentedpresumepresumablypresumedpresumesallocatingallocationallocations assignassignedassigningassignmentassignmentsassignsreassignreassignedreassigningreassignsunassigned attachattachedattachesattachingattachmentattachmentsunattached authorauthoredauthoringauthorsauthorship bondbondedbondingbondsbriefbrevitybriefedbriefingbrieflybriefs capablecapabilitiescapabilityincapable citecitationcitationscitedinflexibilityfurthermoregendergendersignorantignoranceignoreignoredignoresignoringincentiveincentivesincidenceincidentincidentallyincidentsincorporateincorporatedincorporatesincorporatingincorporationindexindexedindexesindexinginhibitinhibitedinhibitinginhibitioninhibitionsinhibitsinitiateinitiatedinitiatesinitiatinginitiationinitiationsinitiativeinitiativesinitiatorinitiatorsinputinputsinstructpresumingpresumptionpresumptionspresumptuousrationalirrationalrationalisationrationalisationsrationaliserationalisedrationalisesrationalisingrationalismrationalityrationalizationrationalizationsrationalizerationalizedrationalizesrationallyrecoverrecoverablerecoveredrecoveringrecoversrecoveryrevealrevealedrevealingrevealsrevelationrevelationsscopesubsidysubsidiarysubsidiessubsidisesubsidisedsubsidisessubsidisingsubsidizesubsidizedsubsidizessubsidizing。
570 个烤鸭必备 AWL 学术单词
The Academic Word List(AWL)英语学术词汇表1.What is the AWL?AWL(《英语学术词汇表》)是一个由Victoria University of Wellington,New Zealand的一些应用语言学家统计出来词汇表,它包含了的学术英语(English for Academic Purpose)中最常用的570个词目(headwords),每一个词目下面还列出了该词目的相关变化形式。
例如:词目“analyse”就包含以下相关联的词汇:analysed,analyser,analysers,analyses,analysing, analysis,analyst,analysts,analytic,analytical,analytically,analyze,analyzed,analyzes, analyzing。
其中斜体字,analysis,在学术英语中最为常见。
2.What are the10sublists of the AWL?AWL分十个sublists(小组)。
除了第十小组包含30个词目外,其他小组均含有90个词目。
Sublist1(第一组)包含的词汇最常用,sublist2(第二组)中的词汇使用频率稍低,其他的sublists依次类推。
AWL中的每一个词目后都有一个数字,它代表了该词目是属于AWL中的哪一组。
例如abandon8就表示abandon是属于第八小组的词目。
3.Where to find the AWL?本文件的附录以字母先后排列出了所有的AWL词目。
附录:The headwords of the AWL(《英语学术词汇表》中的570个词目)abandon8abstract6academy5access4accommodate9accompany8accumulate8accurate6achieve2acknowledge6acquire2adapt7adequate4adjacent10adjust5administrate2adult7advocate7affect2aggregate6aid7 albeit10allocate6alter5 alternative3ambiguous8amend5 analogy9analyse1annual4 anticipate9apparent4append8 appreciate8approach1appropriate2 approximate4arbitrary8area1 aspect2assemble10assess1 assign6assist2assume1 assure9attach6attain9 attitude4attribute4author6 authority1automate8available1 aware5behalf9benefit1 bias8bond6brief6 bulk9capable6capacity5 category2cease9challenge5 channel7chapter2chart8 chemical7circumstance3cite6 civil4clarify8classic7 clause5code4coherent9 coincide9collapse10colleague10 commence9comment3commission2 commit4commodity8communicate4 community2compatible9compensate3 compile10complement8complex2 component3compound5comprehensive7 comprise7compute2conceive10 concentrate4concept1conclude2 concurrent9conduct2confer4 confine9confirm7conflict5 conform8consent3consequent2considerable3consist1constant3 constitute1constrain3construct2 consult5consume2contact5 contemporary8context1contract1 contradict8contrary7contrast4 contribute3controversy9convene3 converse9convert7convince10 cooperate6coordinate3core3 corporate3correspond3couple7 create1credit2criteria3 crucial8culture2currency8 cycle4data1debate4 decade7decline5deduce3 define1definite7demonstrate3 denote8deny7depress10 derive1design2despite4 detect8deviate8device9 devote9differentiate7dimension4 diminish9discrete5discriminate6 displace8display6dispose7 distinct2distort9distribute1 diverse6document3domain6 domestic4dominate3draft5 drama8duration9dynamic7 economy1edit6element2 eliminate7emerge4emphasis3 empirical7enable5encounter10 energy5enforce5enhance6 enormous10ensure3entity5 environment1equate2equip7 equivalent5erode9error4establish1estate6estimate1 ethic9ethnic4evaluate2 eventual8evident1evolve5 exceed6exclude3exhibit8 expand5expert6explicit6 exploit8export1expose5 external5extract7facilitate5 factor1feature2federal6 fee6file7final2 finance1finite7flexible6 fluctuate8focus2format9 formula1forthcoming10foundation7 found9framework3function1 fund3fundamental5furthermore6 gender6generate5generation5 globe7goal4grade7 grant4guarantee7guideline8 hence4hierarchy7highlight8 hypothesis4identical7identify1 ideology7ignorance6illustrate3 image5immigrate3impact2 implement4implicate4implicit8 imply3impose4incentive6 incidence6incline10income1 incorporate6index6indicate1 individual1induce8inevitable8 infer7infrastructure8inherent9 inhibit6initial3initiate6 injure2innovate7input6 insert7insight9inspect8 instance3institute2instruct6integral9integrate4integrity10 intelligence6intense8interact3 intermediate9internal4interpret1 interval6intervene7intrinsic10 invest2investigate4invoke10 involve1isolate7issue1 item2job4journal2 justify3label4labour1 layer3lecture6legal1 legislate1levy10liberal5 licence5likewise10link3 locate3logic5maintain2 major1manipulate8manual9 margin5mature9maximise3 mechanism4media7mediate9 medical5medium9mental5 method1migrate6military9 minimal9minimise8minimum6 ministry6minor3mode7 modify5monitor5motive6 mutual9negate3network5 neutral6nevertheless6nonetheless10 norm9normal2notion5 notwithstanding10nuclear8objective5 obtain2obvious4occupy4 occur1odd10offset8 ongoing10option4orient5 outcome3output4overall4 overlap9overseas6panel10 paradigm7paragraph8parallel4 parameter4participate2partner3passive9perceive2percent1 period1persist10perspective5 phase4phenomenon7philosophy3 physical3plus8policy1 portion9pose10positive2 potential2practitioner8precede6 precise5predict4predominant8 preliminary9presume6previous2 primary2prime5principal4 principle1prior4priority7 proceed1process1professional4 prohibit7project4promote4 proportion3prospect8protocol9 psychology5publication7publish3 purchase2pursue5qualitative9 quote7radical8random8 range2ratio5rational6 react3recover6refine9 regime4region2register3 regulate2reinforce8reject5 relax9release7relevant2 reluctance10rely3remove3 require1research1reside2 resolve4resource2respond1 restore8restrain9restrict2 retain4reveal6revenue5 reverse7revise8revolution9 rigid9role1route9 scenario9schedule8scheme3 scope6section1sector1 secure2seek2select2sequence3series4sex3 shift3significant1similar1 simulate7site2so-called10 sole7somewhat7source1 specific1specify3sphere9 stable5statistic4status4 straightforward10strategy2stress4 structure1style5submit7 subordinate9subsequent4subsidy6 substitute5successor7sufficient3 sum4summary4supplement9 survey2survive7suspend9 sustain5symbol5tape6 target5task3team9 technical3technique3technology3 temporary9tense8terminate8 text2theme8theory1 thereby8thesis7topic7 trace6tradition2transfer2 transform6transit5transmit7 transport6trend5trigger9 ultimate7undergo10underlie6 undertake4uniform8unify9 unique7utilise6valid3 vary1vehicle8version5 via8violate9virtual8 visible7vision9visual8 volume3voluntary7welfare5 whereas5whereby10widespread8THE ACADEMIC WORD LIST(E-O)abandon v.go away from(a person or thing or place)not intending to return;forsake; desertabstract adj.existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or practical existenceacademy n.school for special trainingaccess n.~means of approaching or entering(a place);way inaccommodate v.provide lodging or room foraccompany v.walk or travel with(sb)as a companion or helper;escortaccumulate v.gradually get or gather together an increasing number or quantity of get(sth)in this wayaccurate adj.free from errorachieve v.gain or reach(sth),usu by effort,skill,courage,etcacknowledge v.accept the truth of admit(sth)acquire v.gain(sth)by one's own ability,efforts or behaviouradapt v.~sth(for sth)make sth suitable for a new use,situation,etc;modify sthadequate adj.~satisfactory in quantity or quality;sufficientadjacent having a common endpoint or border also immediately preceding or followingadjust v.put(sth)into the correct order or position;arrangeadministrate v.to administeradult adj.grown to full size or strengthadvocate v.speak publicly in favour of(sth);recommend;supportaffect v.have an influence on(sb/sth);produce an effect on aggregate v.~sb(fml)be formed or bring sb into an assembled group or amount aid n.helpalbeit conj althoughallocate v.~sth allot or assign sth(to sb/sth)for a special purposealter v.become different;change in character,position,size,shape,etc alternative adj.available in place of sth else;otherambiguous adj.having more than one possible meaningamend v.correct an error in(sth);make minor improvements in;change slightly analogy n.~partial similarity between two things that are compared analyse v.separate into its parts in order to study its nature or structure annual adj.happening every yearanticipate v.expectapparent adj.clearly seen or understood;obviousappend v.~sth(fml)attach or add sth(esp in writing)appreciate v.understand and enjoy(sth);value highlyapproach e near or nearer to in space or timeappropriate adj.~suitable;right and properapproximate adj.almost correct or exact but not completely soarbitrary adj.based on personal opinion or impulse,not on reasonarea n.extent or measurement of a surfaceaspect n.particular part or feature of sth being consideredassemble e together;collectassess v.~sth decide or fix the amount of sthassign v.~sth to sb give sth to sb as a share of work to be done or of things to be usedassist v.~in/with sth;~(sb)in doing sth(fml)helpassume v.accept as true before there is proofassure v.tell(sb)positively or confidentlyattach v.~sth fasten or join sth(to sth)attain v.succeed in getting(sth);achieveattitude n.~way of thinking or behavingattribute v.~sth to sb/sth regard sth as belonging to,caused by or produced by sb/sthauthor n.writer of a book,play,etcauthority n.power to give orders and make others obeyautomate v.cause to operate by automationavailable adj.that can be used or obtainedbehalf n.on behalf of sb/on sb's behalf;US in behalf of sb/in sb's behalf as the representative of or spokesman for sb;in the interest of sbbenefit n.profit;gain;future good(used esp with the vs and preps shown)bias n.opinion or feeling that strongly favours one side in an argument or one item in a group orseries;predisposition;prejudicebond n.written agreement or promise that has legal force;covenantbrief sting only a short time;shortbulk n.size,quantity or volume,esp when greatcapable adj.having ability;able;competentcapacity n.ability to hold or contain sthcategory n.class or group of things in a complete system of groupingcease e or bring(sth)to an end;stopchallenge n.~(to do sth)invitation or call(to sb)to take part in a game,contest, fight etc to prove who is better,stronger,more able,etcchannel n.sunken bed of a river,stream or canalchapter n.(usu numbered)division of a bookchart n.detailed map used to help navigation at sea,showing coasts,rocks, the depth of the sea,etcchemical adj.of or relating to chemistrycircumstance n.condition or fact connected with an event or actioncite quote;commendcivil adj.of or relating to the citizens of a countryclarify v.(cause sth to)become clear or easier to understandclassic adj.having a high quality that is recognized and unquestioned;of lasting value and import anceclause n.group of words that includes a subject1(4a)and a verb,forming a sentence or part of a sentencecode n.(system of)words,letters,symbols,etc that represent others,used for secret messages or for presenting or recording information brieflycoherent adj.connected logically or consistent;easy to understand;clearcoincide v.~(of events)occur at the same time or occupy the same period of time as sth elsecollapse v.fall down or in suddenlycolleague n.person with whom one works,esp in a profession or businesscommence v.begin(sth);startcomment n.~written or spoken remark giving an opinion on,explaining or criticizing(an event,a person,a situation,etc)commission n.~action,task or piece of work given to sb to docommit v.do(sth illegal,wrong or foolish)commodity n.thing bought in a shop and put to use,esp in the homecommunicate v.~sth make sth known;convey sthcommunity n.the community the people living in one place,district or country, considered as a wholecompatible adj.~(of people,ideas,arguments,principles,etc)suited;that can exist togethercompensate v.~for sth give(sb)sth good to balance or lessen the bad effect of damage, loss,injury,etc;compile v.~sth(for/from sth)collect(information)and arrange it in a book, list,report,etccomplement n.~thing that goes well or suitably with sth else,or makes it completecomplex adj.made up of(usu several)closely connected partscomponent n.any of the parts of which sth is madecompound n.thing made up of two or more separate things combined togethercomprehensiv e adj.that includes everythingcomprise v.have as parts or members;be made up ofcompute v.~sth calculate sth with a computerconceive v.become pregnantconcentrate v.~(sth)(on sth/doing sth)focus(one's attention,effort,etc) exclusively and intensel y on sth,not thinking about other less important thingsconcept n.~idea underlying sth;general notionconclude v.~(with sth)(usu fml)come or bring(sth)to an endconcurrent adj.~existing,happening or done at the same timeconduct n.person's behaviourconfer v.~(with sb)(on/about sth)have discussions(esp in order to exchange opinions or get advice)confine v.~sb/sth keep(a person or an animal)in a restricted spaceconfirm v.provide evidence for the truth or correctness of(a report,an opinion, etc);establish the truth ofconflict n.struggle;fightconform v.~keep to or comply with(generally accepted rules,standards,etc) consent v.~give agreement or permissionconsequent adj.~(fml)following sth as a result or an effect considerable adj.great in amount or sizeconsist v.(phr v)consist of sth be composed or made up of sthconstant adj.going on all the time;happening again and againconstitute v.(fml)make up or form(a whole);be the components of constrain v.make(sb)do sth by strong(moral)persuasion or by force construct v.build(sth);put or fit together;formconsult v.~sb/sth go to(a person,book,etc)for information,advice,etc consume e(sth)upcontact n.~state of touching(used esp with the vs shown) contemporary adj.~of the time or period being referred to;belonging to the same time context writings preceding and following passage quotedcontract n.~(for sth/to do sth)legally binding agreement,usu in writing contradict v.say sth that conflicts with by(sb),suggesting that the person iscontrary adj.opposite in nature,tendency or directioncontrast v.~A and/with B compare so that differences are made clearcontribute v.~(to/towards sth)give one's share of(money,help,advice,etc)to help a joint causecontroversy n.~public discussion or argument,often rather angry,about sth which many people disagreewithconvene v.summon to come together;arrange(a meeting,etc)converse v.~(about sth);~(together)(fml)talkconvert v.~(sth)(from sth)(into/to sth)change(sth)from one form or use to anotherconvince v.~sb make sb feel certain;cause sb to realizecooperate to work or act togethercoordinate vt.to organize or integrate(diverse elements)in a harmonious operation core n.centre of such fruits as the apple and pear,containing the seeds corporate adj.of or shared by all the members of a group;collective correspond v.~be in agreement;not contradict sth or each othercouple n.two people or things that are seen together or associated,esp a man and woman togethercreate v.cause to exist;make(sth new or original)credit n.permission to delay payment for goods and services until after they have been received;system of paying in this waycriteria n.(pl of criterion)standard by which sth is judgedcrucial adj.~very important;decisiveculture n.refined understanding and appreciation of art,literature,etccurrency n.money system in use in a countrycycle n.series of events that are regularly repeated in the same orderdata n.facts or information used in deciding or discussing sthdebate n.formal argument or discussion of a question,eg at a public meeting or in Parliament,with two or more opposing speakers,and often ending in a votedecade n.period of ten yearsdecline v.say`no'to(sth);refuse(sth offered),usu politelydeduce v.~sth arrive at(facts,a theory,etc)by reasoning;infer sthdefine v.~sth state precisely the meaning of(eg words)definite adj.clear;not doubtfuldemonstrate v.~sth(to sb)show sth clearly by giving proof or evidencedenote v.be the name,sign or symbol of(sth);refer todeny v.say that(sth)is not truedepress v.make sad and without enthusiasmderive v.~sth from sth obtain sth from sth;get sth from sthdesign n.~(for sth)drawing or outline from which sth may be madedespite prep without being affected bydetect v.discover or recognize that(sth)is presentdeviate v.~from sth stop followingdevice n.thing made or adapted for a special purposedevote v.~oneself/sth to sb/sth give to sb/sth;dedicate;differentiat e v.~between A and B;~A(from B)see or show(two things)to be different; show sth to be different(from sth else)dimension n.measurement of any sortdiminish v.become smaller or less;decreasediscrete adj.separate;distinctdiscriminate v.~~A from B see or make a difference(between two things) displace v.move from the usual or correct placedisplay v.~sth put sth on showdispose v.place(sb/sth)in a suitable way;arrangedistinct adj.easily heard,seen,felt or understood;definitedistort v.pull or twist out of its usual shapedistribute v.~sth separate sth into parts and give a share to each person or thing diverse adj.of different kinds;varieddocument n.paper,form,book,etc giving information about sth,evidence or proof of sthdomain nds owned or ruled by a nobleman,government,etcdomestic adj.of the home,household or familydraft n.rough preliminary written version of sthdrama n.play for the theatre,radio or TVduration n.time during which sth lasts or continuesdynamic adj.of power or forces that produce movementeconomy n.avoidance of waste(of money,strength,time,resources,etc)edit v.prepare for publication,eg in a book,newspaper,or magazineelement n.~necessary or characteristic part of stheliminate v.~sb/sth remove(esp sb/sth that is not wanted or needed)emerge v.~come out or up(from water,etc)emphasis n.force or stress given to a word or words when spoken,to make the meaning clear or to sho w importanceempirical adj.based on observation or experiment,not on theoryenable v.make able to do sth by giving him the necessary authority or meansencounter v.meet or find oneself faced by(sth/sb unpleasant,dangerous,difficult, etc)energy n.ability to act or work with strength and eagernessenforce v.~sth force people to obey(a law,etc);make sth effectiveenhance v.increase make(sb/sth)look betterenormous adj.very large;immenseensure v.make sure;guaranteeenvironment n.conditions,circumstances,etc affecting people's livesequate v.~sth consider sth as equal or equivalent(to sth else)equip v.~sb/sth(with sth)supply sb/sth(with what is needed,for a particular purpose)equivalent adj.~equal in value,amount,meaning,importance,etcerode v.destroy or wear(sth)away graduallyerror n.thing done wrongly;mistakeestablish v.set up on a firm or permanent basisestate n.area of land,esp in the country,with one ownerestimate n.judgement or calculation of the approximate size,cost,value,etc of sthethic n.system of moral principles;rules of conductethnic adj.of a national,racial or tribal group that has a common cultural traditionevaluate v.find out or form an idea of the amount or value of(sb/sth);assesseventual adj.happening at last as a result;ultimateevident adj.~(that...)obvious(to the eye or mind);clearevolve v.(cause to)develop naturally and(usu)graduallyexceed v.be greater or more numerous than(esp a quantity)exclude v.~sb/sth prevent sb from entering somewhere,taking part in sth,etc; keep sb outexhibit n.object or collection of objects displayed for the public,eg in a museumexpand v.~(into sth)(cause sth to)become greater in size,number or importance expert n.~person with special knowledge,skill or training in a particular field explicit adj.(of a statement,etc)clearly and fully expressedexploit n.brave or adventurous deed or actionexport n.exportingexpose v.uncover or make(sth)visible;displayexternal adj.outside;situated on the outside of sth(esp the body) extract v.~sth take or get sth out,usu with effort or by forcefacilitate v.(of an object,a process,etc but not of a person)make(sth)easy or less difficultfactor n.fact,circumstance,etc that helps to produce a resultfeature n.one of the named parts of the face(eg nose,mouth,eyes)which together form its appear ancefederal of or relating to a form of government or a country in which power is divided between one central and several regional governmentfee n.(usu pl)amount paid for professional advice or service,eg to private teachers,doctor s,etcfile n.metal tool with a rough surface for cutting,smoothing or shaping hard substancesfinal adj.of the end;coming lastfinance n.management of moneyfinite adj.having bounds;limited;not infiniteflexible adj.that can bend easily without breakingfluctuate v.~(of a price,number,rate,etc)rise and fall;change irregularlyfocus n.=>Usage at data data.point at which rays(of light,sound,etc)meet or from which theyappear to comeformat n.shape,size,binding,etc of a bookformula n.(chemistry)set of symbols showing the elements that a substance is made offorthcoming adj.about to happen or appear in the near futurefoundation n.act of foundingfounded[find:]to meet with or discover by chanceframework n.structure giving shape and supportfunction n.special activity or purpose of a person or thingfund n.sum of money saved or made available for a particular purpose fundamental adj.of or forming the basis or foundation of sth;essential furthermore adv.in addition;moreover;gender n.(in certain languages)classification of a noun or pronoun as masculine or femininegenerate v.cause to exist or occur;producegeneration n.productionglobe n.small spherical model of the earth showing the continents and usu also countries,rivers,cities,etcgoal n.(in football,hockey,etc)pair of posts with a crossbar,between which the ball has to be kicked,hit,etc in order to scoregrade n.step,stage or degree of rank,quality,etc;level of classificationgrant v.agree to give or allow(what is asked for)guarantee n.~(against sth)promise(usu in writing)that certain conditions agreed to in a transaction will be fulfilledguideline a principle put forward to set standards or determine a course of actiohence adv.from this timehierarchy n.system with grades of authority or status from the lowest to the highesthighlight n.best,most interesting or most exciting part of somethinghypothesis n.idea or suggestion that is based on known facts and is used as a basis for reasoning or further investigationidentical adj.the~the sameidentify v.~sb/sth as sb/sth show,prove,etc who or what sb/sth is;recognize sb/sth(as being th e specified person or thing)ideology n.ideas that form the basis of an economic or political theory or that are held by a partic ular group or personignorant adj.~(of sth)knowing little or nothing;lacking education or information; unawareillustrate v.supply with pictures,diagrams,etcimage n.copy of the shape of a person or thing,esp one made in stone or wood; statueimmigrate v.~enter a foreign country in order to live there permanentlyimpact n.hitting of one object against anotherimplement n.tool or instrumentimplicate v.~sb show that sb is involved in sth,esp a crimeimplicit adj.~implied,but not expressed directly;not explicitimply v.suggest(sth)indirectly rather than state it directly;hintimpose v.~sth place(a penalty,tax,etc)officially on sb/sthincentive n.~thing that encourages sb to do sth;stimulusincidence n.~of sth extent to which sth happens or has an effectincline v.~towards sth lean or slope in the direction of sthincome n.money received over a certain period,esp as payment for work or as interest on investmen tsincorporate v.~sth(in/into sth)make sth part of a whole;includeindex n.list of names or topics referred to in a book,etc,usu arranged at the end in alphabetic al orderindicate v.~sth(to sb)show sth,esp by pointingindividual adj.single;separateinduce v.persuade or influence(sb)to do sthinevitable adj.that cannot be avoided;that is sure to happeninfer v.~sth(from sth)reach(an opinion)from facts or reasoning;conclude sthinfrastructu re n.subordinate parts,installations,etc that form the basis of a system, an organization oran enterprise(eg of an army),inherent adj.~existing as a natural or permanent feature or quality of sb/sthinhibit v.~sb prevent sb from doing sth that should be natural or easy to doinitial adj.of or at the beginning;firstinitiate v.put(a scheme,etc)into operation;cause(sth)to begininjure v.hurt(sb);harminnovate v.make changes;introduce new thingsinput n.~action of putting sth ininsert v.~sth put,fit,place sth into sth or between two thingsinsight n.~(approv)ability to see into the true nature(of sth);deep understandinginspect v.examine(sth)closelyinstance n.~particular occurrence of sth that happens generally or several times; example;caseinstitute n.society or organization for a special(usu social,professional or educational)purposeinstruct to direct to do something;orderintegral adj.~necessary for completenessintegrate v.~sth(into sth);~A and B/~A with B combine sth in such a way that it becomes fully a part of sth elseintegrity n.quality of being honest and morally uprightintelligence n.power of learning,understanding and reasoning;mental abilityintense adj.(of sensations)very great or severe;extremeinteract v.~act or have an effect on each otherintermediate adj.~situated or coming between two people,things,etc in time,space, degree,etcinternal adj.of or on the insideinterpret v.explain(sth which is not easily understandable)interval n.~time between two eventsintervene v.(of time)come or be betweenintrinsic adj.belonging naturally;existing within,not coming from outsideinvest v.~(in sth/with sb)use(money)to buy shares,property,etc,in order to earn interest or bring profitinvestigate v.find out and examine in order to obtain the truthinvoke e(sth)as a reason for one's actioninvolve v.make necessary as a condition or result;entailisolate v.~sb/sth put or keep sb/sth entirely apart from other people or things; separate sb/sth;issue n.outgoing;outflowitem n.single article or unit in a list,etcjob n.the patience of jobjournal n.newspaper or periodical,esp one that is serious and deals with a specialized subjectjustify v.show that(sb/sth)is right,reasonable or justlabel n.piece of paper,cloth,metal,etc on or beside an object and describing its nature,name,owner,destination,etclabour n.physicalor mental worklayer n.thickness of material laid over a surface or forming a horizontal divisionlecture n.~(on sth)talk giving information about a subject to an audience or a class,often as part of a teaching programmelegal adj.of or based on the lawlegislate v.~make lawslevy v.~sth(on sb)collect(a payment,etc)by authority or force;impose sthliberal adj.tolerant and open-minded;free from prejudicelicence n.official document showing that permission has been given to own,use or do sthlikewise adv.similarlylink n.one ring or loop of a chainlocate v.discover the exact position or place oflogic n.science of reasoningmaintain v.~sth cause sth to continue;keep sth in existence at the same level, standard,etcmajor adj.important;great(er)manipulate v.control or handle with skillmanual adj.of,done with or controlled by the handsmargin n.blank space round the written or printed matter on a pagemature adj.fully grown or developed mentally or physically;having achieved one's full potentialmaximise[maximize:]vt.to make as high or great as possible;increase to a maximummechanism n.working parts of a machine,etcmedia n.the media means of mass communication,eg TV,radio,newspapersmediate v.~act as a peacemaker or go-between for two or more people,groups, etc who disagreemedical adj.of the art of medicine;of curing diseasemedium n.(pl usu media)means by which sth is expressed or communicatedmental adj.of,in or to the mindmethod n.waymigrate v.~(to...)move from one place to go to live or work in anothermilitary adj.of or for soldiers or an army;of or for armed forcesminimal adj.smallest in amount or degree。
AWL英语学术词汇表
实用文档《英语常用学术词汇表》《英语学术词汇表》(The Academic Word List, AWL)是一个由Victoria University of Well ington, New Zealand 的一些应用语言学家统计出来的词汇表,它包含了学术英语(English for Ac ademic Purpose)中最常用的570个词目(headwords)。
《英语学术词汇表》分10个sublists (小类),除了第10小类包含30个词目外,其他小类均含有60个词目。
Sublist 1(第1类)包含的词汇最常用,sublist 2(第2类)中的词汇使用频率稍低,其他的sublist3 依次类推。
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word Listanalyseanalysedanalyseranalysersanalysesanalysinganalysisanalystanalystsanalyticanalyticalanalyticallyanalyzeanalyzedanalyzesanalyzing approachapproachableapproachedapproachesapproachingunapproachable areaareasassessassessableassessedassessesassessing economyeconomiceconomicaleconomicallyeconomicseconomieseconomisteconomistsuneconomicalenvironmentenvironmentalenvironmentalistenvironmentalistsenvironmentallyenvironmentsestablishdisestablishdisestablisheddisestablishesdisestablishingdisestablishmentestablishedestablishesestablishingestablishmentestablishmentsestimateestimatedestimateslegislatelegislatedlegislateslegislatinglegislationlegislativelegislatorlegislatorslegislaturemajormajoritiesmajoritymethodmethodicalmethodologicalmethodologiesmethodologymethodsoccuroccurredoccurrenceoccurrencesoccurringoccursreoccurreoccurredreoccurringreoccurspercent实用文档assessmentassessmentsreassessreassessedreassessingreassessmentunassessed assumeassumedassumesassumingassumptionassumptions authorityauthoritativeauthorities availableavailabilityunavailable benefitbeneficialbeneficiarybeneficiariesbenefitedbenefitingbenefitsconceptconceptionconceptsconceptualconceptualisationconceptualiseconceptualisedconceptualisesconceptualisingconceptually consistconsistedconsistencyconsistentconsistentlyconsistingconsistsinconsistenciesestimatingestimationestimationsover-estimateoverestimateoverestimatedoverestimatesoverestimatingunderestimateunderestimatedunderestimatesunderestimatingevidentevidencedevidenceevidentialevidentlyexportexportedexporterexportersexportingexportsfactorfactoredfactoringfactorsfinancefinancedfinancesfinancialfinanciallyfinancierfinanciersfinancingformulaformulaeformulasformulateformulatedformulatingformulationformulationsreformulatepercentagepercentagesperiodperiodicperiodicalperiodicallyperiodicalsperiodspolicypoliciesprincipleprincipledprinciplesunprincipledproceedproceduralprocedureproceduresproceededproceedingproceedingsproceedsprocessprocessedprocessesprocessingrequirerequiredrequirementrequirementsrequiresrequiringresearchresearchedresearcherresearchersresearchesresearchingrespondrespondedrespondentrespondentsrespondingresponds实用文档inconsistencyinconsistent constituteconstituenciesconstituencyconstituentconstituentsconstitutedconstitutesconstitutingconstitutionconstitutionsconstitutionalconstitutionallyconstitutiveunconstitutional contextcontextscontextualcontextualisecontextualisedcontextualisinguncontextualisedcontextualizecontextualizedcontextualizinguncontextualized contractcontractedcontractingcontractorcontractorscontractscreatecreatedcreatescreatingcreationcreationscreativecreativelycreativitycreatorcreatorsreformulatedreformulatingreformulationreformulationsfunctionfunctionalfunctionallyfunctionedfunctioningfunctionsidentifyidentifiableidentificationidentifiedidentifiesidentifyingidentitiesidentityunidentifiableincomeincomesindicateindicatedindicatesindicatingindicationindicationsindicativeindicatorindicatorsindividualindividualisedindividualityindividualismindividualistindividualistsindividualisticindividuallyindividualsinterpretinterpretationinterpretationsinterpretativeinterpretedresponseresponsesresponsiveresponsivenessunresponsiverolerolessectionsectionedsectioningsectionssectorsectorssignificantinsignificantinsignificantlysignificancesignificantlysignifiedsignifiessignifysignifyingsimilardissimilarsimilaritiessimilaritysimilarlysourcesourcedsourcessourcingspecificspecificallyspecificationspecificationsspecificityspecificsstructurerestructurerestructuredrestructuresrestructuringstructuralstructurally实用文档recreaterecreatedrecreatesrecreating datadefinedefinabledefineddefinesdefiningdefinitiondefinitionsredefineredefinedredefinesredefiningundefined derivederivationderivationsderivativederivativesderivedderivesderiving distributedistributeddistributingdistributiondistributionaldistributionsdistributivedistributordistributorsredistributeredistributedredistributesredistributingredistributioninterpretinginterpretiveinterpretsmisinterpretmisinterpretationmisinterpretationsmisinterpretedmisinterpretingmisinterpretsreinterpretreinterpretedreinterpretsreinterpretingreinterpretationreinterpretationsinvolveinvolvedinvolvementinvolvesinvolvinguninvolvedissueissuedissuesissuinglabourlaborlaboredlaborslabouredlabouringlabourslegalillegalillegalityillegallylegalitylegallystructuredstructuresstructuringunstructuredtheorytheoreticaltheoreticallytheoriestheoristtheoristsvaryinvariableinvariablyvariabilityvariablevariablesvariablyvariancevariantvariantsvariationvariationsvariedvariesvaryingSublist 2 of the Academic Word List实用文档achieveachievableachievedachievementachievementsachievesachieving acquireacquiredacquiresacquiringacquisitionacquisitions administrateadministratesadministrationadministrationsadministrativeadministrativelyadministratoradministrators affectaffectedaffectingaffectiveaffectivelyaffectsunaffected appropriateappropriacyappropriatelyappropriatenessinappropriacyinappropriateinappropriately aspectaspectsassistassistanceassistantassistantsassistedassistingassists distinctdistinctiondistinctionsdistinctivedistinctivelydistinctlyindistinctindistinctlyelementelementsequateequatedequatesequatingequationequationsevaluateevaluatedevaluatesevaluatingevaluationevaluationsevaluativere-evaluatere-evaluatedre-evaluatesre-evaluatingre-evaluationfeaturefeaturedfeaturesfeaturingfinalfinalisefinalisedfinalisesfinalisingfinalizefinalizedfinalizesfinalizingfinalityfinallyfinalsparticipateparticipantparticipantsparticipatedparticipatesparticipatingparticipationparticipatoryperceiveperceivedperceivesperceivingperceptionperceptionspositivepositivelypotentialpotentiallypreviouspreviouslyprimaryprimarilypurchasepurchasedpurchaserpurchaserspurchasespurchasingrangerangedrangesrangingregionregionalregionallyregionsregulatederegulatedderegulatesderegulatingderegulationregulatedregulatesregulatingunassisted categorycategoriescategorisationcategorisecategorisedcategorisescategorisingcategorizationcategorizedcategorizescategorizing chapterchapters commissioncommissionedcommissionercommissionerscommissioningcommissions communitycommunities complexcomplexitiescomplexity computecomputationcomputationalcomputationscomputablecomputercomputedcomputerisedcomputerscomputing concludeconcludedconcludesconcludingconclusionconclusionsconclusiveconclusivelyinconclusive focusfocusedfocusesfocusingfocussedfocussingrefocusrefocusedrefocusesrefocusingrefocussedrefocussesrefocussingimpactimpactedimpactingimpactsinjureinjuredinjuresinjuriesinjuringinjuryuninjuredinstituteinstitutedinstitutesinstitutinginstitutioninstitutionalinstitutionaliseinstitutionalisedinstitutionalisesinstitutionalisinginstitutionalizedinstitutionalizesinstitutionalizinginstitutionallyinstitutionsinvestinvestedinvestinginvestmentinvestmentsregulationregulationsregulatorregulatorsregulatoryunregulatedrelevantirrelevanceirrelevantrelevanceresideresidedresidenceresidentresidentialresidentsresidesresidingresourceresourcedresourcefulresourcesresourcingunresourcefulunder-resourcedrestrictrestrictedrestrictingrestrictionrestrictionsrestrictiverestrictivelyrestrictsunrestrictedunrestrictivesecureinsecureinsecuritiesinsecuritysecuredsecurelysecuressecuringsecuritiesinconclusively conductconductedconductingconducts consequentconsequenceconsequencesconsequently constructconstructedconstructingconstructionconstructionsconstructiveconstructsreconstructreconstructedreconstructingreconstructionreconstructs consumeconsumedconsumerconsumersconsumesconsumingconsumption creditcreditedcreditingcreditorcreditorscreditscultureculturalculturallyculturedculturesuncultured designdesigneddesignerdesignersinvestorinvestorsinvestsreinvestreinvestedreinvestingreinvestmentreinvestsitemitemisationitemiseitemiseditemisesitemisingitemsjournaljournalsmaintainmaintainedmaintainingmaintainsmaintenancenormalabnormalabnormallynormalisationnormalisenormalisednormalisesnormalisingnormalizationnormalizenormalizednormalizesnormalizingnormalitynormallyobtainobtainableobtainedobtainingobtainsunobtainablesecurityseekseekingseekssoughtselectselectedselectingselectionselectionsselectiveselectivelyselectorselectorsselectssitesitesstrategystrategicstrategiesstrategicallystrategiststrategistssurveysurveyedsurveyingsurveystexttextstextualtraditionnon-traditionaltraditionaltraditionalisttraditionallytraditionstransfertransferabletransferencetransferredtransferringtransfersdesigningdesignsSublist 3 of the Academic Word Listalternativealternativelyalternatives circumstancecircumstances commentcommentariescommentarycommentatorcommentatorscommentedcommentingcomments compensatecompensatedcompensatescompensatingcompensationcompensationscompensatory componentcomponentrycomponents consentconsensusconsentedconsentingconsents considerableconsiderably constantconstancyconstantlyconstantsinconstancyinconstantly constrainconstrained emphasisemphasiseemphasisedemphasisingemphasizeemphasizedemphasizesemphasizingemphaticemphaticallyensureensuredensuresensuringexcludeexcludedexcludesexcludingexclusionexclusionaryexclusionistexclusionsexclusiveexclusivelyframeworkframeworksfundfundedfunderfundersfundingfundsillustrateillustratedillustratesillustratingillustrationillustrationsphilosophyphilosopherphilosophersphilosophicalphilosophicallyphilosophiesphilosophisephilosophisedphilosophisesphilosophisingphilosophizephilosophizedphilosophizesphilosophizingphysicalphysicallyproportiondisproportiondisproportionatedisproportionatelyproportionalproportionallyproportionateproportionatelyproportionspublishpublishedpublisherpublisherspublishespublishingunpublishedreactreactedreactsreactingreactionreactionariesconstrainingconstrainsconstraintconstraintsunconstrained contributecontributedcontributescontributingcontributioncontributionscontributorcontributors conveneconventionconvenesconvenedconveningconventionalconventionallyconventionsunconventional coordinatecoordinatedcoordinatescoordinatingcoordinationcoordinatorcoordinatorsco-ordinateco-ordinatedco-ordinatesco-ordinatingco-ordinationco-ordinatorco-ordinators corecorescoringcored corporatecorporatescorporationcorporationsillustrativeimmigrateimmigrantimmigrantsimmigratedimmigratesimmigratingimmigrationimplyimpliedimpliesimplyinginitialinitiallyinstanceinstancesinteractinteractedinteractinginteractioninteractionsinteractiveinteractivelyinteractsjustifyjustifiablejustifiablyjustificationjustificationsjustifiedjustifiesjustifyingunjustifiedlayerlayeredlayeringlayerslinklinkagelinkageslinkedlinkinglinkslocatereactionaryreactionsreactivereactivatereactivationreactorreactorsregisterderegisterderegisteredderegisteringderegistersderegistrationregisteredregisteringregistersregistrationrelyreliabilityreliablereliablyreliancereliantreliedreliesrelyingunreliableremoveremovableremovalremovalsremovedremovesremovingschemeschematicschematicallyschemedschemesschemingsequencesequencedsequencessequencing实用文档correspondcorrespondedcorrespondencecorrespondingcorrespondinglycorresponds criteriacriterion deducededuceddeducesdeducingdeductiondeductions demonstratedemonstrabledemonstrablydemonstrateddemonstratesdemonstratingdemonstrationdemonstrationsdemonstrativedemonstrativelydemonstratordemonstrators documentdocumentationdocumenteddocumentingdocuments dominatedominancedominantdominateddominatesdominatingdominationlocatedlocatinglocationlocationsrelocaterelocatedrelocatesrelocatingrelocationmaximisemaxmaximisedmaximisesmaximisingmaximisationmaximizemaximizedmaximizesmaximizingmaximizationmaximumminorminoritiesminorityminorsnegatenegativenegatednegatesnegatingnegativelynegativesoutcomeoutcomespartnerpartnerspartnershippartnershipssequentialsequentiallysexsexessexismsexualsexualitysexuallyshiftshiftedshiftingshiftsspecifyspecifiablespecifiedspecifiesspecifyingunspecifiedsufficientsufficiencyinsufficientinsufficientlysufficientlytasktaskstechnicaltechnicallytechniquetechniquestechnologytechnologicaltechnologicallyvalidinvalidateinvalidityvalidatevalidatedvalidatingvalidationvalidityvalidlyvolumevolumesvol实用文档Sublist 4 of the Academic Word Listaccessaccessedaccessesaccessibilityaccessibleaccessinginaccessible adequateadequacyadequatelyinadequaciesinadequacyinadequateinadequately annualannually apparentapparently approximateapproximatedapproximatelyapproximatesapproximatingapproximationapproximations attitudeattitudes attributeattributableattributedattributesattributingattributioncivilcodecodedcodescoding commitcommitmentcommitments errorerroneouserroneouslyerrorsethnicethnicitygoalgoalsgrantgrantedgrantinggrantshencehypothesishypotheseshypothesisehypothesisedhypothesiseshypothesisinghypothesizehypothesizedhypothesizeshypothesizinghypotheticalhypotheticallyimplementimplementationimplementedimplementingimplementsimplicateimplicatedimplicatesimplicatingimplicationimplicationsimposeimposedimposesimposingimpositionparallelparalleledparallelledparallellingparallelsunparalleledparameterparametersphasephasedphasesphasingpredictpredictabilitypredictablepredictablypredictedpredictingpredictionpredictionspredictsunpredictabilityunpredictableprincipalprincipallypriorprofessionalprofessionallyprofessionalsprofessionalismprojectprojectedprojectingprojectionprojectionsprojectspromotepromotedpromoterpromoterspromotes实用文档commitscommittedcommitting communicatecommunicablecommunicatedcommunicatescommunicatingcommunicationcommunicationscommunicativecommunicativelyuncommunicative concentrateconcentratedconcentratesconcentratingconcentration conferconferenceconferencesconferredconferringconferscontrastcontrastedcontrastingcontrastivecontrastscyclecycledcyclescycliccyclicalcyclingdebatedebatabledebateddebatesdebatingdespitedimensiondimensionaldimensions integrateintegratedintegratesintegratingintegrationinternalinternaliseinternalisedinternalisesinternalisinginternalizeinternalizedinternalizesinternalizinginternallyinvestigateinvestigatedinvestigatesinvestigatinginvestigationinvestigationsinvestigativeinvestigatorinvestigatorsjobjobslabellabeledlabelinglabelledlabellinglabelsmechanismmechanismsobviousobviouslyoccupyoccupancyoccupantoccupantsoccupationoccupationaloccupationsoccupiedpromotingpromotionpromotionsregimeregimesresolveresolutionresolvedresolvesresolvingunresolvedretainretainedretainingretainerretainersretainsretentionretentiveseriesstatisticstatisticianstatisticiansstatisticalstatisticallystatisticsstatusstressstressedstressesstressfulstressingunstressedsubsequentsubsequentlysumsummationsummedsummingsumssummarysummariessummarisesummarisedmultidimensional domesticdomesticallydomesticatedomesticateddomesticatingdomestics emergeemergedemergenceemergentemergesemergingoccupieroccupiersoccupiesoccupyingoptionoptionaloptionsoutputoutputsoverallsummarisessummarisingsummarisationsummarisationssummarizationsummarizationssummarizesummarizedsummarizessummarizingundertakeundertakenundertakesundertakingundertookSublist 5 of the Academic Word Listacademyacademiaacademicacademicallyacademicsacademies adjustadjustedadjustingadjustmentadjustmentsadjustsreadjustreadjustedreadjustingreadjustmentreadjustmentsreadjusts alteralterablealterationalterationsalteredalteringalternate expandexpandedexpandingexpandsexpansionexpansionismexpansiveexposeexposedexposesexposingexposureexposuresexternalexternalisationexternaliseexternalisedexternalisesexternalisingexternalityexternalizationexternalizeexternalizedexternalizesexternalizingorientorientateorientatedorientatesorientationorientatingorientedorientingorientsreorientreorientationperspectiveperspectivespreciseimprecisepreciselyprecisionprimeprimacypsychologypsychologicalpsychologicallypsychologistpsychologistspursuealternatingaltersunalterableunaltered amendamendedamendingamendmentamendmentsamends awareawarenessunaware capacitycapacitiesincapacitateincapacitated challengechallengedchallengerchallengerschallengeschallenging clauseclauses compoundcompoundedcompoundingcompounds conflictconflictedconflictingconflicts consultconsultancyconsultantconsultantsconsultationconsultationsconsultativeconsultedconsultsconsulting contactexternallyfacilitatefacilitatedfacilitatesfacilitiesfacilitatingfacilitationfacilitatorfacilitatorsfacilityfundamentalfundamentallygenerategeneratedgeneratesgeneratinggenerationgenerationsimageimageryimagesliberalliberaliseliberalismliberalisationliberalisedliberalisesliberalisingliberalizationliberalizeliberalizedliberalizesliberalizingliberateliberatedliberatesliberationliberationsliberatingliberatorliberatorsliberallyliberalslicencepursuedpursuespursuingpursuitpursuitsratioratiosrejectrejectedrejectingrejectionrejectsrejectionsrevenuerevenuesstableinstabilitystabilisationstabilisestabilisedstabilisesstabilisingstabilizationstabilizestabilizedstabilizesstabilizingstabilityunstablestylestyledstylesstylingstylishstylisestylisedstylisesstylisingstylizestylizedstylizesstylizingsubstitutesubstituted实用文档contactablecontactedcontactingcontacts declinedeclineddeclinesdeclining discretediscretelydiscretiondiscretionaryindiscreteindiscretion draftdrafteddraftingdraftsredraftredraftedredraftingredrafts enableenabledenablesenabling energyenergeticenergeticallyenergies enforceenforcedenforcementenforcesenforcing entityentities equivalentequivalence evolveevolutionevolvedevolvingevolveslicenceslicenselicensedlicensinglicensesunlicensedlogicillogicalillogicallylogicallogicallylogicianlogiciansmarginmarginalmarginallymarginsmedicalmedicallymentalmentalitymentallymodifymodificationmodificationsmodifiedmodifiesmodifyingunmodifiedmonitormonitoredmonitoringmonitorsunmonitorednetworknetworkednetworkingnetworksnotionnotionsobjectiveobjectivelyobjectivitysubstitutessubstitutingsubstitutionsustainsustainablesustainabilitysustainedsustainingsustainssustenanceunsustainablesymbolsymbolicsymbolicallysymbolisesymbolisessymbolisedsymbolisingsymbolismsymbolizesymbolizedsymbolizessymbolizingsymbolstargettargetedtargetingtargetstransittransitedtransitingtransitiontransitionaltransitionstransitorytransitstrendtrendsversionversionswelfarewheevolutionaryevolutionistevolutionistsSublist 6 of the Academic Word Listabstractabstractionabstractionsabstractlyabstracts accurateaccuracyaccuratelyinaccuracyinaccuraciesinaccurate acknowledgeacknowledgedacknowledgesacknowledgingacknowledgementacknowledgements aggregateaggregatedaggregatesaggregatingaggregation allocateallocatedallocatesallocatingallocationallocationsassignassignedassigningassignmentassignmentsassignsreassignreassignedreassigning enhanceenhancedenhancementenhancesenhancingestateestatesexceedexceededexceedingexceedsexpertexpertiseexpertlyexpertsexplicitexplicitlyfederalfederationfederationsfeefeesflexibleflexibilityinflexibleinflexibilityfurthermoregendergendersignorantignoranceignoreignoredignoresignoringincentiveincentivesneutralneutralisationneutraliseneutralisedneutralisesneutralisingneutralityneutralizationneutralizeneutralizedneutralizesneutralizingneverthelessoverseasprecedeprecededprecedenceprecedentprecedesprecedingunprecedentedpresumepresumablypresumedpresumespresumingpresumptionpresumptionspresumptuousrationalirrationalrationalisationrationalisationsrationaliserationalisedrationalisesrationalisingreassignsunassigned attachattachedattachesattachingattachmentattachmentsunattached authorauthoredauthoringauthorsauthorship bondbondedbondingbondsbriefbrevitybriefedbriefingbrieflybriefs capablecapabilitiescapabilityincapable citecitationcitationscitedcitingcites cooperatecooperatedcooperatescooperatingcooperationcooperativecooperativelyco-operateco-operatedco-operates incidenceincidentincidentallyincidentsincorporateincorporatedincorporatesincorporatingincorporationindexindexedindexesindexinginhibitinhibitedinhibitinginhibitioninhibitionsinhibitsinitiateinitiatedinitiatesinitiatinginitiationinitiationsinitiativeinitiativesinitiatorinitiatorsinputinputsinstructinstructioninstructedinstructinginstructionsinstructiveinstructorinstructorsinstructsintelligentintelligenceintelligentlyunintelligentrationalismrationalityrationalizationrationalizationsrationalizerationalizedrationalizesrationallyrecoverrecoverablerecoveredrecoveringrecoversrecoveryrevealrevealedrevealingrevealsrevelationrevelationsscopesubsidysubsidiarysubsidiessubsidisesubsidisedsubsidisessubsidisingsubsidizesubsidizedsubsidizessubsidizingtapetapedtapestapingtracetraceabletracedtracestracingtransformtransformationtransformations。
雅思AWL词汇表,最全版
1An Introduction to the Academic Word ListAveril Coxhead, Massey University, New ZealandThe Academic Word List (AWL) is a list of 570 word families that are commonly found in academic texts. This list was selected by examining a large corpus (or collection) of written academic texts and selecting the words that occurred:1 In texts from all four academic facultysections: Arts, Commerce, Law and Science. 2 Over 100 times in the corpus overall.3 At least 10 times in each academicfaculty section.4 Outside the 2000 most frequent wordson Michael West’s General Service List(GSL). The GSL includes everyday wordssuch as I, house and do.These principles ensured that only words that occurred reasonably frequently in a variety of study areas were selected.The AWL targets vocabulary that occurs most often in written academic texts. These words also occur in newspapers but not as often as they do in textbooks. The AWL words appear even less in fiction. If your focus is learning academic vocabulary, you need to make sure you read academic textbooks so that you encounter these words in context.The AWL is organized into Word Families. Word families are made up of the ‘parent word’ and ‘family members’. Take for example the word maximise. Its family members include inflections of the verb such as maximised,maximises and maximising as well as the noun maximum. The word family also includes the British spelling of the noun maximisation, as well as maximization, the US spelling.If you learn the verb maximise, you will be able to recognise other family members such as maximised when you encounter them in your reading. These words are closely related and the meaning is likely to be the same or similar. When you are looking for words in this dictionary, think about other word family members too. Finally, there are some academic words thatdo not have a word family. These words occur on their own and do not have any inflections. Examples include nonetheless,so-called and behalf.The AWL is intended as a reference for students who are studying or preparing to study at a tertiary level in English. As a university lecturer, I was aware of the difficulties that students had in mastering the vocabulary necessary for written assignments. The AWL does not include ‘content’ vocabulary for particular subjects which students obviously need to learn as well. The AWL focuses instead on the non-subject-specific vocabulary that students of any discipline will need to master in order to produce coherently-structured written assignments.The AWL covers up to 10% of the vocabulary covered in written academic texts. This means that, on average, one word in 10 in an academic textbook is in the AWL. Look at the following extract from an academic text:EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY Environmental issues are truly global. Many of the problems, like the releasingof CFCs into the atmosphere, have global effects and require global action. Some problems link to the exploitation of global commons – the resources shared by the international community suchas ocean beds and the atmosphere. Sometimes small local problems, suchas poisonous gases leaking from landfills and water pollution, are multiplied so many times in any local contexts thatthey become major world hazards. The environment is a global concern requiring global policies.Academic Word ListAcademic Word List2The highlighted words are all on the AWL.This sample illustrates clearly that the AWLcan help with decisions about which words are important for you to learn if you are studying in an English-speaking country.Knowledge of academic vocabulary is vital for students studying at an English-speaking university, particularly for reading and writing.If you compare estimates of how many words a native English speaker might know by the age of 18 (approximately 18,000 to 20,000 words) and how many a learner who has had two or three hours of schooling in English overseveral years (roughly 2000 to 3000 words depending on the language background of the student), this gap is enormous. In order to read and write successfully you need to be able to recognize as many words as possible in your textbooks and use as many as possible in your essays. The bigger your vocabulary, the more you will be able to cope with the high reading and writing demands of your studies.Academic writing tends to be quite formal in style. The vocabulary items that you use in your writing can affect the level of formality. Writers need to know whether a word can be used in a particular situation. T ake for example consequent. This is marked as formal. You would probablynot choose to use this word when speaking with friends but you should use it in written English to take your language to a higher level of formality. The AWL will help you to focus on issues of formality. Look out for the formal label in this dictionary.Remember that the AWL covers approximately 10% of all vocabulary in a piece of academic writing. You should aim to have roughly the same percentage in your own academic writing too. If you go to the AWL highlighter websiteby Sandra Haywood (http://www.nottingham. /~alzsh3/acvocab/awlhighlighter.html) you can copy and paste your text into it and it will highlight the AWL words for you. This will enable you to see how many AWL words you are using overall and whether you repeat the same words many times in your writing.When looking up words from the AWL in this dictionary you should also focus on the bold phrases that are highlighted. These show you the key grammatical patterns and collocations for that word. Collocations are words that commonly occur together or near each other in a text, for example ‘effect on’. Collocations and phrases are important because they help with fluencyin writing and indicate that you are working at a higher level with academic vocabulary than just using a word from your own language and its translation. The collocations in the following text have been highlighted in blue.DECLINING BIODIVERSITYWhatever the effects on this planet’s climate, rain-forest clearance has another undeniable impact. The disappearance of rain forests is a major factor eroding the earth’s biodiversity, or, more simply causing many thousands of species of plant and animal life to disappear forever. While rain forests account for just seven percent of the earth’s surface, they are home to almost half of this planet’s living species. Estimatesof the total number of species of animalsand plants range from 1.5 million to as high as 30 million. Researchers, in fact, have identified more than 1,000 species of ants alone (Wilson, 1991).Remember that building your vocabulary takes time. You are not likely to learn everything you need to know about a word the very first time you see it. And don’t expect to remember everything about a word after looking it up in a dictionary once. Try some of these ideas to help you with vocabulary building:• Make the most of the information given in this dictionary to build up your knowledge of a word. Look at the bold phrases highlighted in the entry. These show important grammatical patterns and collocations. Learn these rather than the word in isolation.• Even if you think you already ‘know’ a word, look it up in the dictionary to see if there is any additional information that you don’t know.• Research has shown that repetition helps people to remember things. Make sure you build repetition into your learning. You could do this through using word cards to test yourself or by keeping a vocabulary notebook.Academic Word List3• Studying words ‘actively’ will help yourlearning. People do learn words through reading but the chances of remembering vocabulary is higher when you focus on the words and make a conscious effort to learn them.• Look out for common collocations, phrases and grammatical patterns of words when you are reading academic texts.• Work with the AWL alongside you when you are writing. Try to use words from the list that are relevant to your writing. The words on the AWL are marked with in this dictionary.The AWL does not include the 2000 most frequent words used in general everyday English. In this dictionary, however, the 3000 most frequent words in written English are also marked with 12and 3and the 3000 most frequent words in spoken English are marked with and .In some cases, these overlap with the AWL.Averil Coxhead is a lecturer in English for Academic Purposesat Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Shecompiled the AWL in 2000. For further information on the AWL go to Averil’s website at /staff/awl/index.shtml.Acknowledgement: Extracts on the subject of European environmental policy and declining biodiversity are reproduced with permission from Sociology:A Global Introduction, third edition, by John J. Macionis and Ken Plummer,©Pearson Education Limited 2005.abandon1v abandoned adj abnormal adj abstract1adj abstract2n abstract3v abstraction n academic1adj academic2n academy n access1n access2v accessible adj accommodate v accommodation n accompaniment n accompany v accumulate v accuracy n accurate adj achieve v achievement n acknowledge v acknowledgement n acquire v acquisition n adapt v adaptable adj adaptation n adequate adj adjacent adjadjust vadjustment nadministration nadministrative adjadult1nadult2adjadvocacy nadvocate1vadvocate2 naffect vaggregate1 naggregate2 adjaggregate3 vaid1 naid2 valbeit conjallocate vallocation nalter valteration nalternate1 adjalternate2 valternative1 adjalternative2 nambiguity nambiguous adjamend vamendment nanalogous adjanalogy nanalyse vanalysis nanalyst nanalytical adjanalyze vannual1 adjanticipate vanticipation napparent adjappend vappendix nappreciable adjappreciate vappreciation napproach1 vapproach2 nappropriate1 adjapproximate1 adjapproximate2 vapproximation narbitrary adjarea naspect nassemble vassembly nassess vassessment nassign vassignment nassist1 vassistance nassume vassuming conjassumption nassurance nassure vattach vattachment nattain vattainment nattitude nattributable adjattribute1 vattribute2 nauthor1 nauthor2 vauthoritative adjauthority nauthorship nautomate vautomated adjautomatic1 adjautomatically advautomation navailable adjaware adjawareness nAcademic Word ListThe following is a list of the words from the Academic Word List that are highlighted in this dictionary. Words shown in bold are one of the ‘parent words’.Academic Word List4behalf n beneficial adj beneficiary n benefit1 n benefit2 vbias1 nbias2 vbiased adjbond1 nbond2 v brevity nbrief1 adjbrief2 nbrief3 v briefing n briefly advbulk1 nbulky adjcapability n capable adj capacity n category n cease1 v challenge1 n challenge2 v challenging adj channel1 n channel2 v chapter nchart1 nchart2 v chemical1 n chemical2 adj circumstance n citation ncite vcivil adj clarification n clarify vclarity n classic1 adj classic2 n classical adj clause ncode1 ncode2 vcoded adj coding n coherence n coherent adj coincide v coincidence n coincident adj coincidental adj collapse1 v collapse2 n colleague n commence v commencement n comment1 ncomment2 vcommentary ncommentator ncommission1 ncommission2 vcommit vcommitment ncommitted adjcommodity ncommunicable adjcommunicate vcommunication ncommunicative adjcommunity ncompatibility ncompatible1 adjcompensate vcompensation ncompensatory adjcompilation ncompile vcomplement1 ncomplement2 vcomplementary adjcomplex1 adjcomplex2 ncomplexity ncomponent1 ncomponent2 adjcompound1 ncompound2 vcompound3 adjcomprehensive adjcomprise vcomputation ncompute vcomputer ncomputing nconceivable adjconceive vconcentrate1 vconcentration nconcept nconception nconceptual adjconclude vconcluding adjconclusion nconclusive adjconcurrent adjconduct1 vconduct2 nconfer vconference nconfine vconfined adjconfirm vconfirmation nconflict1 nconflict2 vconform vconformation nconformist adjconformity nconsensus nconsent1 nconsent2 vconsequence nconsequent adjconsequently advconsiderable adjconsiderably advconsist vconsistency nconsistent adjconstancy nconstant1 adjconstant2 nconstantly advconstituency nconstituent1 nconstituent2 adjconstitute vconstitution nconstitutional1 adjconstrain vconstrained adjconstraint nconstruct1 vconstruct2 nconstruction nconstructive adjconsult vconsultancy nconsultant nconsultation nconsultative adjconsume vconsumer nconsumption ncontact1 ncontact2 vcontact3 adjcontemporary1 adjcontemporary2 ncontext ncontextual adjcontextualize vcontract1 ncontract2 vcontractor ncontradict vcontradiction ncontradictory adjcontrary1 ncontrary2 adjcontrast1 ncontrast2 vcontrasting adjcontribute vcontribution ncontributor ncontroversial adjcontroversy nconvene vconvention nconventional adjconverse3 adjconversely advconversion nconvert1 vconvertible 1 adjconvince vconvinced adjconvincing adjcooperate vcooperation ncooperative1 adjcoordinate1 vcoordinate2 ncoordinate3 adjcoordination ncoordinator ncore1 ncore2 adjcore3 vcorporate adjcorporation ncorrespond vcorrespondence ncorresponding adjcouple1 ncouple2 vcreate vcreation ncreative1 adjcreativity ncreator ncredit1 ncredit2 vcreditor ncriterion ncrucial adjcultural adjculturally advculture1 ncurrency ncycle1 ncycle2 vcyclic adjdata ndebatable adjdebate1 ndebate2 vdecade ndecline1 ndecline2 vdeduce vAcademic Word List 5deduction n define vdefinite adj definitely adv definition n definitive adj demonstrable adj demonstrate v demonstration n demonstrative adj demonstrator n denial ndenote vdeny vdepress v depression n derivation n derivative1 n derivative2 adj derive vdesign1 ndesign2 v designer1 n despite prep detect v detection n detective n detector n deviate1 v deviation n device ndevote v devoted adj devotion n differentiate v dimension n diminish v diminution n discrete adj discretion n discretionary adj discriminate v discrimination n disestablish v displace v displacement n display1 n display2 v disposable adj disposal n dispose v disproportion n disproportionate adj dissimilar adj distinct adj distinction n distinctive adj distinctly adv distort v distribute v distribution ndistributive adjdiverse adjdiversify vdiversity ndocument1 ndocument2 vdocumentation ndomain ndomestic1 adjdomesticate vdomesticated adjdominance ndominant1 adjdominate vdraft1 ndraft2 vdraft3 adjdrama ndramatic adjdramatist ndramatize vduration ndynamic1 adjdynamic2 neconomic adjeconomical adjeconomically adveconomics neconomist neconomy1 nedit vedition neditor neditorial1 adjeditorial2 nelement neliminate velimination nemerge vemergence nemergent adjemerging adjemphasis nemphasize vemphatic adjempirical adjempiricism nenable venabling adjencounter1 vencounter2 nenergetic adjenergy nenforce venforced adjenforcement nenhance venhanced adjenormity nenormous adjenormously advensure ventity nenvironment nenvironmental adjenvironmentalist nequate vequation nequip vequipment nequivalent1 adjequivalent2 nerode verosion nerroneous adjerror nestablish vestablished adjestablishment nestate nestimate1 nestimate2 vestimation nethic nethical adjethnic1 adjethnic2 nevaluate vevaluation neventual adjeventuality neventually advevidence1 nevident adjevidential adjevidently advevolution nevolutionary adjevolve vexceed vexclude vexcluding prepexclusion nexclusive1 adjexclusively advexhibit1 vexhibit2 nexhibition nexpand vexpansion nexpansionism nexpansive adjexpert1 nexpert2 adjexpertise nexplicit adjexploit1 vexploitation nexport1 nexport2 vexporter nexpose vexposed adjexposure nexternal adjexternalize vextract1 vextract2 nextraction nfacilitate vfacilitator nfacility nfactor1 nfactor2 vfeature1 nfeature2 vfederal adjfederation nfee nfile1 nfile2 vfiling nfinal1 adjfinal2 nfinality nfinalize vfinally advfinance1 nfinance2 vfinancial adjfinancier nfinite adjflexibility nflexible adjfluctuate vfluctuation nfocus1 vfocus2 nfocussed adjformat1 nformat2 vformula nformulate vforthcoming adjfound2 vfoundation nfounder1 nfounding nframework nfunction1 nfunction2 vfunctional adjfund1 nfund2 vfundamental adjfundamentally advfunding nAcademic Word List6furthermore advgender n generate v generation n globalization n globe ngoal ngrade1 n grade2 v graded adj grant1 vgrant2 n guarantee1 v guarantee2 n guideline nhence adv hierarchical adj hierarchy n highlight1 v hypothesis n hypothesize v hypothetical adj identical adj identifiable adj identification n identify v identity n ideological adj ideology n ignorance n ignorant adj ignore v illegal1 adj illogical adj illustrate v illustration n illustrative adj image n imagery n immature adj immigrant n immigrate v immigration n impact1 n impact2 v implement1 v implement2 n implicate v implication n implicit adj imply v impose v imposition n imprecise adj inaccessible adj inaccuracy n inaccurate adj inadequacy ninadequate adjinappropriate adjincapable adjincapacitate vincentive nincidence nincident nincidentally advinclination nincline1 vincline2 nincoherent adjincome nincompatible adjinconceivable adjinconclusive adjinconsistency ninconsistent adjincorporate vincorporated adjindefinite adjindefinitely advindex1 nindex2 vindicate vindication nindicative1 nindicative2 adjindicator nindiscretion nindistinct adjindividual1 adjindividual2 nindividualism nindividualist nindividuality nindividually advinduce vinduction ninevitability ninevitable adjinevitably advinfer vinference ninfinite adjinfinitely advinflexible adjinfrastructure ninherent adjinhibit vinhibition ninitial1 adjinitially advinitiate1 vinitiation ninitiative ninitiator ninjure vinjured adjinjury ninnovate vinnovation ninnovative adjinnovator ninput1 ninput2 vinsecure adjinsert1 vinsertion ninsight ninsightful adjinsignificant adjinspect vinspection ninspector ninstability ninstance1 ninstance2 vinstitute1 ninstitute2 vinstitution ninstitutional adjinstitutionalized adjinstruct vinstruction ninstructive adjinstructor ninsufficient adjintegral adjintegrate vintegrated adjintegration nintegrity nintelligence nintelligent adjintense adjintensify vintensity nintensive adjinteract vinteraction ninteractive adjintermediate1 adjinternal adjinternalize vinterpret vinterpretation ninterpretative adjinterpretive adjinterval nintervene vintervening adjintervention nintrinsic adjinvalidate vinvalidity ninvariable adjinvariably advinvest vinvestigate vinvestigation ninvestigative adjinvestigator ninvestment ninvestor ninvisible adjinvoke vinvolve vinvolvement nirrational adjirrelevance nirrelevant adjirreversible adjisolate visolated adjisolation nisolationism nissue1 nissue2 vitem njob njournal njustifiable adjjustification njustified adjjustify vlabel1 nlabel2 vlabor nlabored adjlabour1 nlabour2 vlaboured adjlayer1 nlayer2 vlecture1 nlecture2 vlecturer nlegal adjlegality nlegally advlegislate vlegislation nlegislative adjlegislator nlegislature nlevy1 vlevy2 nliberal1 adjliberal2 nliberalism nliberalize vliberally advliberate vliberated adjlicence nlicense vAcademic Word List 7licensed adj likewise adv link1 vlink2 n linkage n locate v location n logic n logical adj logician n maintain v maintenance n major1 adj majority n manipulate v manipulative adj manual1 adj manual2 n margin n marginal adj marginally adv maturation n mature1 adj mature2 v maturity n maximize v maximum1 adj maximum2 n mechanism n media n mediate v medical1 adj medium1 adj medium2 n mental adj mentality n method n methodical adj methodology n migrant n migrate v migration n migratory adj military1 adj military2 n minimal adj minimize v minimum1 adj minimum2 n ministerial adj ministry n minor1 adj minority n misinterpret v mode n modification n modify v monitor1 v motivated adj motivation nmotive1 nmotive2 adjmutual adjmutually advnegate vnegative1 adjnegative2 nnetwork1 nnetwork2 vnetworking nneutral1 adjneutrality nneutralize vnevertheless advnonconformist nnonetheless advnorm nnormal1 adjnormal2 nnormality nnormalize vnormally advnotion nnotwithstanding prepnuclear adjobjective1 nobjective2 adjobjectively advobtain vobtainable adjobvious adjobviously advoccupancy noccupant noccupation noccupational adjoccupier noccupy voccur voccurrence nodd adjodds noffset1 vongoing adjoption noptional adjorient1 vorientate vorientated adjorientation noriented adjoutcome noutput1 noutput2 voverall1 adjoverall2 advoverestimate1 voverestimate2 noverlap1 voverlap2 noverseas1 advoverseas2 adjpanel nparadigm nparagraph nparallel1 nparallel2 adjparallel3 vparameter nparticipant nparticipate vparticipation nparticipatory adjpartner1 npartnership npassive1 adjpassive2 nperceive vpercent1 adjpercent2 npercentage nperception nperiod1 nperiodic adjperiodical npersist vpersistence npersistent adjperspective nphase1 nphase2 vphenomenal adjphenomenon nphilosopher nphilosophical adjphilosophize vphilosophy nphysical1 adjphysically advplus1 prepplus2 nplus3 adjpolicy nportion1 npose1 vpose2 npositive1 adjpositively advpotential1 adjpotential2 npotentially advpractitioner nprecede vprecedence nprecedent npreceding adjprecise adjprecisely advprecision1 nprecision2 adjpredict vpredictable adjprediction npredominance npredominant adjpredominantly advpredominate vpreliminary1 adjpreliminary2 npresumably advpresume vpresumption nprevious adjpreviously advprimacy nprimarily advprimary1 adjprime1 adjprincipal1 adjprincipally advprinciple nprincipled adjprior1 adjprioritize vpriority1 nprocedural adjprocedure nproceed vproceeding nproceeds nprocess1 nprocess2 vprocessed adjprofessional1 adjprofessional2 nprofessionalism nprofessionally advprohibit vprohibition nprohibitive adjproject1 nproject2 vprojection npromote vpromoter npromotion nproportion1 nproportional adjproportionate adjprospect1 nprospective adjprotocol npsychological adjpsychologist npsychology npublication nAcademic Word List8publish v publisher n publishing n purchase1 v purchase2 n pursue v pursuit n qualitative adj quotation n quote1 v quote2 n radical1 adj radical2 n random adj range1 n range2 vratio n rational adj rationalism n rationalize v react v reaction n reactionary1 adj reactionary2 n reactivate v reactive adj reactor n readjust v reassess v reconstruct v reconstruction n recover v recovery n recreate v redistribute v redistribution n refine v refined adj refinement n regime n region n regional adj register1 n register2 v registration n regulate v regulation 1 n regulator n regulatory adj reinforce v reinforcement n reinvest v reject1 v rejection n relax v relaxation n release1 v release2 n relevant adjreliable adjreliance nreliant adjrelocate vreluctance nreluctant adjrely vremovable adjremoval nremove1 vremove2 nrequire vrequirement nreschedule vresearch1 nresearch2 vreside vresidence nresident1 nresident2 adjresidential adjresolution nresolve1 vresolve2 nresource1 nresource2 vresourceful adjrespond vrespondent nresponse nresponsive adjrestoration nrestore vrestored adjrestrain vrestraint nrestrict vrestricted adjrestriction nrestrictive adjrestructure vretain vretainer nretention nretentive adjreveal vrevealing adjrevelation nrevenue nreversal nreverse1 vreverse2 nreverse3 adjreversible adjrevise vrevision nrevolution nrevolutionary1 adjrevolutionary2 nrevolutionize vrigid adjrole nroute1 nroute2 vscenario nschedule1 nschedule2 vschematic adjscheme1 nscheme2 vscope1 nsection1 nsection2 vsector nsecure1 adjsecure2 vsecurely advsecurity nseek vselect1 vselect2 adjselection nselective adjselector nsequence nsequencing nsequential adjseries nsex1 nsexism nsexual adjsexuality nshift1 vshift2 nsignificant adjsignificantly advsignify vsimilar adjsimilarity nsimilarly advsimulate vsimulated adjsimulation nsite1 nsole1 adjsolely advsomewhat advsource1 nsource2 vspecific1 adjspecific2 nspecifically advspecification nspecify vsphere nspherical adjstability nstabilize vstable1 adjstatistic nstatistician nstatus nstraightforward adjstrategic adjstrategist nstrategy nstress1 nstress2 vstressed adjstressful adjstructural adjstructure1 nstructure2 vstructured adjstyle1 nstyle2 vstyling nstylish adjstylized adjsubmission nsubmit vsubordinate1 adjsubordinate2 nsubordinate3 vsubsequent adjsubsequently advsubsidiary2 adjsubsidize vsubsidy nsubstitute1 nsubstitute2 vsubstitution nsuccession nsuccessive adjsuccessor nsufficiency nsufficient adjsum1 nsum2 vsummarize vsummary1 nsummary2 adjsummation nsupplement1 nsupplement2 vsupplementary adjsurvey1 nsurvey2 vsurvival nsurvive vsurvivor nsuspend vsuspension nsustain vsustainable adjsustained adjsustenance nsymbol n。
AWL学术英语词汇表
之欧侯瑞魂创作《英语经常使用学术词汇表》是由一些应用语言学家统计出来,最经常使用的有570个词目(headwords),每一个词目下面还列出了该词目的相关变更形式。
其中斜体字,analysis,在学术英语中最为罕见。
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word Listanalyse analysed analyser analysers analyses analysing analysis analyst analysts analytic analytical analytically nalyze analyzed analyzes analyzingapproach approachable approached approaches approaching approachable area areasassess assessable assessed assesses assessing assessm assessments reassess reassessed reassessing reassessmen unassessedassume assumed assumes assuming assumption assumpti authority authoritative authorities available availability unavailab benefit beneficial beneficiary beneficiaries benefited benefit benefitsconcept conception concepts conceptual conceptualisation eptualise conceptualised conceptualises conceptualising concept consist consisted consistency consistent consistently consist consists inconsistencies inconsistency inconsistentconstitute constituencies constituency constituent constituents nstituted constitutes constituting constitution constitutions itutional constitutionally constitutive unconstitutionalcontext contexts contextual contextualise contextualised con alising uncontextualised contextualize contextualized contextualiz uncontextualizedcontract contracted contracting contractor contractors contra create created creates creating creation creations cr e creatively creativity creator creators recreate rec d recreates recreatingdata define definable defined defines defining definition nitions redefine redefined redefines redefining undefined derive derivation derivations derivative derivatives derived derives derivingdistribute distributed distributing distribution distributional dis ons distributive distributor distributors redistribute redistrib redistributes redistributing redistributionSublist 2 of the Academic Word Listachieve achievable achieved achievement achievements achieves achievingacquire acquired acquires acquiring acquisition acqui sitionsadministrate administrates administration administrations a dministrative administratively administrator administratorsaffect affected affecting affective affectively affects unaffectedappropriate appropriacy appropriately appropriateness inap propriacy inappropriate inappropriatelyaspect aspects assist assistance assistant assistants assisted assisting assists unassistedcategory categories categorisation categorise categorised categorises categorising categorization categorized categorizes categorizing chapter chapterscommission commissioned commissioner commissioners co mmissioning commissions community communitiescomplex complexities complexitycompute computation computational computations computa ble computer computed computerised computers c omputingconclude concluded concludes concluding conclusion conclusions conclusive conclusively inconclusive inconclu sively conduct conducted conducting conductsconsequent consequence consequences consequentlyconstruct constructed constructing construction construction s constructive constructs reconstruct reconstructed reconstructing reconstruction reconstructsconsume consumed consumer consumers consumes consuming consumptioncredit credited crediting creditor creditors credits culture cultural culturally cultured cultures unculture ddesign designed designer designers designing desig ns distinct ct equate evaluat ative feature final zes focus efocus impact injure institute nalise itution invest i itemjou maintai abn tySublist 3 of the Academic Word Listalternative alternatively alternatives circumstance circumstances comment commentaries commentary commentator commentators commented commenting comments compensate compensated co ates compensating compensation compensations compensatory component componentry componentsconsent consensus consent consenting consents considerable considerablyconstant constancy constantly constants inconstancy inco yconstrain constrained constraining constrains constraint co ts unconstrainedcontribute contributed contributes contributing contributionutions contributor contributorsconvene convention convenes convened convening c onal conventionally conventions unconventionalcoordinate coordinated coordinates coordinating coordination dinator coordinators co-ordinate coordinated coordinates coordinating coordination inator coordinators core cores coring coredcorporate corporates corporation corporationscorrespond corresponded correspondence corresponding correspo y corresponds criteria criteriondeduce deduced deduces deducing deduction deductions demonstrate demonstrable demonstrably demonstrated demonstr demonstrating demonstration demonstrations demonstrative nstratively demonstrator demonstratorsdocument documentation documented documenting documents dominate dominance dominant dominated dominates domin dominationSublist 4 of the Academic Word Listaccess accessed accesses accessibility accessible accessing inaccessibleadequate adequacy adequately inadequacies inadequacy inadequate inadequately annual annuallyapparent apparentlyapproximate approximated approximately approximates a pproximating approximation approximations attitude attitudes attribute attributable attributed attributes attributing attribution civilcode coded codes codingcommit commitment commitments commits committed committingcommunicate communicable communicated communicates communicating communication communications communicati ve communicatively uncommunicativeconcentrate concentrated concentrates concentrating co ncentration confer conference conferences conferred con ferring confers error goal hencehy h sizing impleme implicate ns impos integrate ernalise alized investiga nvestiga label mechan occupy alcontrast contrasted contrasting contrastive contrastscycle cycled cycles cyclic cyclical cyclingdebate debatable debated debates debating despitedimension dimensional dimensions multidimensionaldomestic domestically domesticate domesticated domesticating domesticsemerge emerged emergence emergent emergesemergingoccupyin Sublist 5 of the Academic Word Listacademy academia academic academically academics academiesadjust adjusted adjusting adjustment adjustments adjusts readjust readjusted readjusting readjust ment readjustments readjustsalter alterable alteration alterations altered alt ering alternate alternating alters unalterable unalteredamend amended amending amendment amendments amends aware awareness unawarecapacity capacities incapacitate incapacitatedchallenge challenged challenger challengers challeng es challenging clause clausescompound compounded compounding compoundsconflict conflicted conflicting conflictsconsult consultancy consultant consultants consultati on consultations consultative consulted consults consultingcontact contactable contacted contacting contacts decline declined declines decliningdiscrete discretely discretion discretionary indiscrete indiscretiondraft drafted drafting drafts redraft redrafted redrafting redraftsenable enabled enables enablingenergy energetic energetically energiesenforce enforced enforcement enforces enforcing entity entities equivalent equivalenceevolve evolution evolved evolving evolves evo lutionary evolutionist evolutionists expand pansive ex external externali exter facilitate facilitat generate generation liberal libera rated berally licence logic margin mental modify d monitor network objectiveSublist 6 of the Academic Word Listabstract abstraction abstractions abstractly abst ractsaccurate accuracy accurately inaccuracy inaccur enhance estate es expert exacies inaccurateacknowledge acknowledged acknowledges acknowled ging acknowledgement acknowledgementsaggregate aggregated aggregates aggregating aggregationallocate allocated allocates allocating allocation allocationsassign assigned assigning assignment assignm ents assigns reassign reassigned reassigning reassigns unassignedattach attached attaches attaching attachment attachments unattachedauthor authored authoring authors authorship bond bonded bonding bondsbrief brevity briefed briefing briefly briefs capable capabilities capability incapablecite citation citations cited citing cites cooperate cooperated cooperates cooperating c ooperation cooperative cooperatively co-operate cooperated cooperates cooperation co operative cooperativelydiscriminate discriminated discriminates discriminating discrimination display displayed displaying displ aysdiverse diversely diversification diversified dive rsifies diversify diversifying diversitydomain domains edit edited editing editioneditions editor editorial editorials editors edits explicit e flexible fl ignorant i incentive incorporate index ind inhibit inh initiate in initiative instruct in ctive inst intelligent lecture le migrate migration ministry m motivate vations mSublist 7 of the Academic Word Listadapt adaptability adaptable adaptation adaptations ad apted adapting adaptive adapts adult adulthood adults advocate advocacy advocated advocates advocatingaid aided aiding aids unaidedchannel channelled channelling channelschemical chemically chemicals classic classical classics comprehensive comprehensively comprise comprised comprises comprisingconfirm confirmation confirmed confirming confirmscontrary contrarilyconvert conversion conversions converted convertible c onverting converts couple coupled coupling couplesdecade decadesdefinite definitely definitive indefinite indefinitelydeny deniable denial denials denied denies de nying undeniable e e fi fo g g h id in in in is m pdifferentiate differentiated differentiates differentiating differen tiation dispose disposable disposal disposed disposes disposing dynamic dynamically dynamicseliminate eliminated eliminates eliminating eliminationempirical empirically empiricismSublist 8 of the Academic Word Listabandon abandoned abandoning abandonment abandons accompany accompanied accompanies accompaniment accompa unaccompaniedaccumulate accumulated accumulating accumulation accumulate ambiguous ambiguities ambiguity unambiguous unambiguously append appendix appended appends appending appendice endixesappreciate appreciable appreciably appreciated appreciates ng appreciation unappreciated arbitrary arbitrariness arbitrarily automate automatic automated automates automating aut automation bias biased biases biasing unbiasedchart charted charting charts unchartedclarify clarification clarified clarifies clarifying claritycommo ommoditiescomplement complementary complemented complementing comp conform conformable conformability conformance conformation med conforming conformist conformists conformity conform nconformist nonconformists nonconformity non-conformist non-conformists non-conformity contemporary contemporariescontradict contradicted contradicting contradiction contradictions dictory contradicts crucial crucially currency currenciesdenote denotation denotations denoted denotes denotin Sublist 9 of the Academic Word Listaccommodate accommodated accommodates accommodatingaccommodation analogy analogies analogous anticipate anticipated anticipates anticipating anticipation unanticipatedassure assurance assurances assured assuredly as sures assuringattain attainable attained attaining attainment attainm ents attains unattainable behalfbulk bulkycease ceased ceaseless ceases ceasing dim hed dur e fou inhe inte macoherent coherence coherently incoherent incoherentlycoincide coincided coincides coinciding coincidence c oincidences coincident coincidentalcommence commenced commences commencement comme ncing recommences recommenced recommencingcompatible compatibility incompatibility incompatible concurrentconcurrentlyconfine confined confines confining unconfinedcontroversy controversies controversial controversially unco ntroversial converse conversely device devicesdevote devoted devotedly devotes devoting devotion devotions me mili m m mu nor pasSublist 10 of the Academic Word Listadjacentalbeit assemble assembled assembles assemblies assembling collapsed collapses collapsible collapsingcolleague colleagues compile compilation compilations compiledlingconceive conceivable conceivably conceived conceives conc ble inconceivablyconvince convinced convinces convincing convincingly unco。
AWL 学术词汇表 (有TPO和OG对应例句)
ACADEMIC WORD LIST 1analysis definition indicate procedureapproach derive individual processarea distribution interpretation requireassessment economic involve researchassume environment issue responseauthority establish labor roleavailable estimate legal sectionbenefit evidence legislation sectorconcept export major significantconsistent factor method similarconstitution financial occur sourcecontext formula percent specificcontract function period structurecreate identify policy theorydata income principle variable ground into a fine powder.2Psychologists have adopted several approaches to understanding aggressive behavior in people.3His particular area of expertise is engineering.4Therefore, when observational assessment is used as a technique for studying infant perceptual abilities, care must be taken not to overgeneralize from the data or to rely on one or two studies as conclusive evidence of a particular perceptual ability of the infant. 5For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.6The psychological controls were built on fear and punishment—on the absolute certainty that anyone or anything that threatened the authority of Rome would be utterly destroyed.7Groundwater is the word used to describe water that saturates the ground, filling all the available spaces.8Teachers, it is thought, benefit from the practice of reflection, the conscious act of thinking deeply about and carefully examining the interactions and events within their own classrooms.9Without this knowledge we can appreciate only the formal content of Egyptian art, and we will fail to understand why it was produced or the concepts that shaped it and caused it to adopt its distinctive forms.10Scientists see a consistent pattern in the global temperature variations that have occurred in the past.11The country's constitution embodies the ideals of freedom and equality.Fluke: the two parts that constitute the large triangular tail of a whale.12From early times pots were used in both religious and secular contexts.13Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal.14It is the work of architects to create buildings that are not simply constructions but also offer inspiration and delight.15Linguistic, archaeological, and biological data connected the islands to Egypt.16In that case, the climax community would be considered the most stable, since, by definition, it changes the least over time.17Because all Polynesians, Micronesians, and many Melanesians speak Austronesian languages and grow crops derived from Southeast Asia, all these peoples most certainly derived from that region and not the New World or elsewhere.18It is known, however, that the distribution of groundwater is uneven, and that much of it lies at great depths.19That is a lifestyle in which economic activity is based primarily on livestock.20For example, wild cattle (bovines) and horses are portrayed more often than we would expect by chance, probably because they were larger and heavier (meatier) than other animals in the environment.21The discovery of the principle of faunal succession allowed geologists to establish the relative age of Earth’s rock layers.22One way to estimate how all the various processes leading to climate variability will combine is by using computer models of the global climate.23Further evidence for the costs of begging comes from a study of differences in the begging calls of warbler species that nest on the ground versus those that nest in the relative safety of trees.24Cheap transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production.A high inflation rate imports hard times for consumers.25Compare the influence of volcanoes and solar activity on climate variability with the influence of factors external to the global climate system.26The development of banking and other financial services contributed to the expansion of trade.27The time had come to formulate a hypothesis.They are working on the perfection of their new paint formula.28What function does paragraph 3 serve in the organization of the passage as a whole?29Wildman and Niles identify three principles that facilitate reflective practice in a teaching situation.30The income gap between the rich and the poor increased greatly.31The dragon represented the emperor, and the phoenix, the empress; the pomegranate indicated fertility, and a pair of fish, happiness; mandarin ducks stood for wedded bliss;the pine tree, peach, and crane are emblems of long life; and fish leaping from waves indicated success in the civil service examinations.32These higher-frequency sounds do not travel as far, and so may better conceal the individuals producing them, who are especially vulnerable to predators in their ground nests.33Cognitive psychologists assert that our behavior is influenced by our values, by the ways in which we interpret our situations and by choice.34Numerous biological structures and chemicals appear to be involved in aggression.35More basic than the cultural issues is the matter of motivation.36Woolens and textile manufacturers, in particular, utilized rural cottage (in-home) production, which took advantage of cheap and plentiful rural labor.37It is perfectly legal to import these goods under European law.38They were much more likely to favor social-reform legislation and aid to education.39Of all the visual arts, architecture affects our lives most directly for it determines the character of the human environment in major ways.40 In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose,architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them-even while building materials have changed dramatically.41Although it was believed that human settlement of American West would cause the total number of deer to decrease permanently, the opposite has occurred for certain types of deer.42Even given the best extraction techniques, only about 30 to 40 percent of the oil in a given pool can be brought to the surface.43The site of the large meteorite impact at the end of the Cretaceous period was identified in 1990. 44One of the new government's policies is to cut taxes.45Select the two answer choices that are true statements based upon the discussion of the principle of faunal succession in paragraph 5.46Searching hand luggage at airports is now standard procedure.47It appears that unlike salt, dissolved organic substances are not excluded from the ice in the freezing process.48These calculations suggest that a period of about one million years would have been required.49The researchers estimate that the initial training of the same teachers to view events objectively took between 20 and 30 hours, with the same number of hours again being required to practice the skills of reflection.50Infants do not respond well to stimuli presented in an unnatural laboratory setting.51Government's role in the economy was to promote competition by destroying monopolies and special privileges.52In particular, Whigs in the northern sections of the United States also believed that government power should be used to foster the moral welfare of the country.53All sectors of the economy suffer from the fall in the exchange rate.54We know that over the past millennia the climate has undergone major changes without any significant human intervention.55The speed with which mass extinctions are happening today is similar to the speed of past extinctions.56The increasing use of dried animal waste as a substitute fuel has also hurt the soil because this valuable soil conditioner and source of plant nutrients is no longer being returned to the land.These springs are the sources of streams and rivers, which cut through the rocks and carry away debris from the mountains to the lowlands.57Four specific activities have been identified as major contributors to the desertification processes: overcultivation, overgrazing, firewood gathering, and overirrigation.58The world’s architectural structures have also been devised in relation to the objective limitations of materials.59In theory, Argentina, Canada, Chile, China, Russia, and the United Kingdom could use wind to meet all of their energy needs.60Rainfall is not completely absent in desert areas, but it is highly variable.The glacial system is governed by two basic climatic variables: precipitation and temperature.ACADEMIC WORD LIST 2achieve consequences institute regionacquisition construction investment regulation administration consumer item relevantaffect credit journal residentappropriate cultural maintenance resourceaspect design normal restrictassistance distinction obtain securitycategories element participation sought/seekchapter equation perceive selectcommission evaluation positive sitecommunity feature potential strategycomplex final previous surveycomputer focus primary textconclusion impact purchase traditional love, acceptance, companionship, and personal worth.2He was showing off his latest acquisition, a new computer game.3The Roman genius was projected into new spheres—especially into those of law, military organization, administration, and engineering.4The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.5They lacked the navigational skills and appropriate boats needed for long-distance trips. 6One of the most difficult aspects of deciding whether current climatic events reveal evidence of the impact of human activities is that it is hard to get a measure of what constitutes the natural variability of the climate.7With the assistance of Edison's former assistant, William Dickson, they perfected projection devices.8Almost universally, biologists accept the idea that all eukaryotes (a category that includes most organisms except bacteria and certain algae) have internal clocks.9We hope that they will join us in opening a new chapter of peace and cooperation.10The Independent Television Commission, regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom, has criticized advertisers for "misleadingness”—creating a wrong impression either intentionally or unintentionally—in an effort to control advertisers' use of techniques that make it difficult for children to judge the true size, action,performance, or construction of a toy.11With the loss of personal freedom also came the loss of standing in the community.12They take a long time to build as a result of their complex construction methods.13Scientists have computed the probable course of the rocket.14Researchers using observational assessment techniques on infants must not over- generalize and must base their conclusions on data from many studies.15The group conducting the study concluded from a detailed analysis that impacts from meteorites can indeed be hazardous.16The filling of the Ataturk and other dams in Turkey has drastically reduced flows in the Euphrates, with potentially serious consequences for Syria and Iraq.17Materials and methods of construction are integral parts of the design of architecture structures.18Moreover, getting petroleum out of the ground and from under the sea and to the consumer can create environmental problems anywhere along the line.19The Maya are credited with creating methods for modifying natural rainwater and storing it. // The relics are credited with miraculous powers. // Miraculous powers are credited to the relics.20These laws are universal in their application, regardless of cultural beliefs, geography, or climate.21Before China had contact with the West, the meaning of various designs used to decorate Chinese ceramics was well understood.22The role of government in the lives of the people was an important political distinction between the two parties.23To be architecture, a building must achieve a working harmony with a variety of elements.24In the equation 2x + 1 = 7, what is x?25To be sure, their evaluation of the technical flaws in 1920’s sound experiments was not so far off the mark, yet they neglected to take into account important new forces in themotion picture field that, in a sense, would not take no for an answer.26Interestingly enough, several of these hydrodynamic adaptations resemble features designed to improve the aerodynamics of high-speed aircraft.27Whatever the final answer to the water crisis may be, it is evident that within the High Plains, irrigation water will never again be the abundant, inexpensive resource it was during the agricultural boom years of the mid-twentieth century.28But in that period, when getting food no longer depended on hunting large game animals (they were becoming extinct), the art ceased to focus on portrayals of animals. 29Petroleum extraction can have a negative impact on the environment.30In most people, the left side of the body is more vulnerable to injury since it is not defended effectively by the dominant arm.31Massachusetts Institute of Technology: a respected US university in Cambridge, Massachusetts32Not until the eighteenth century, however, did such banks as the Bank of Amsterdam and the Bank of England begin to provide capital for business investment.33The most valuable item on show will be a Picasso drawing.34The Wall Street Journal35All organisms, therefore, allocate energy to growth, reproduction, maintenance, and storage.36Research has shown that certain minerals are required by plants for normal growth and development.37They obtained drinking water and water for crop irrigation from Coba dikes.38Although early exhibitors regularly accompanied movies with live acts, the substance of the movies themselves is mass-produced, prerecorded material that can easily bereproduced by theaters with little or no active participation by the exhibitor.39What does the author suggest about the way an infant's brain perceives stimuli?40Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as being more humorous.41In principle, all the power needs of the United States could be provided by exploiting the wind potential of just three states—North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas.42Computer simulations of the winds and currents in the Pacific have shown that reaching the Pacific islands was probably much easier than previously thought.43Statues were created not for their decorative effect but to play a primary role in the cults of the gods, the king, and the dead.44He refused to develop projection technology, reasoning that if he made and sold projectors, then exhibitors would purchase only one machine-a projector-from him, instead of several.45The upper timberline ranges from sea level in the Polar Regions to 4,500 meters in the dry subtropics and 3,500-4,500 meters in the moist tropics.46This aquifer was named the Ogallala aquifer after the Ogallala Sioux Indians, who once inhabited the region.47The government's responsibility was to provide a well-regulated economy that guaranteed opportunity for citizens of ability.48Three other explanations seem more promising. One involves physiological changes relevant to memory.49The residents of Teotihuacán were sophisticated toolmakers.50Several factors may account for Teotihuacán’s extraordinary development, including its location, rich natural resources, irrigation potential, intelligent elite, and the misfortune of rival communities.51The role of government is to restrict the changes brought about by the market.without any restriction restrictions on hunting52The prison was ordered to tighten security after a prisoner escaped yesterday.53Another explanation for the focus on animals might be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting.Humans instinctively seek structures that will shelter and enhance their way of life.Architects seek to create buildings that are both visually appealing and well suited for human use.54This is the criterion emphasized by Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. 55Wind power is a virtually unlimited source of energy at favorable sites, and even excluding environmentally sensitive areas, the global potential of wind power is much higher than the current world electricity use.56They designed an experimental strategy for a group of teachers in Virginia and worked with 40 practicing teachers over several years.57This prediction was supported by data collected in one survey of 24 species from an Arizona forest, more evidence that predator pressure favors the evolution of beggingcalls that are hard to detect and pinpoint.58There are 200 pages of text and illustrations.59The greater Pacific region, traditionally called Oceania, consists of three cultural areas: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.In this newly emerging economic order, workers sometimes organized to protect their rights and traditional ways of life.60The impact of raindrops on the loose soil tends to transfer fine clay particles into the tiniest soil spaces, sealing them and producing a surface that allows very little water penetration.ACADEMIC WORD LIST 3alternative criteria interaction registercircumstance deduction justification reliancecomment demonstrate layer removecompensation document link schemecomponent dominant location sequenceconsent emphasis maximum sexconsiderable ensure minorities shiftconstant exclude negative specifyconstraint framework outcome sufficientcontribution funds partnership taskcoordination immigration physical techniqueconvention illustrated philosophy technicalcore implies proportion technologycorporate initial publish validity theory about how the theater came into being. Storytelling has been proposed as one alternative.2The political system of the United States in the mid-nineteenth century was strongly influenced by the social and economic circumstances of the time.3Paragraph 4 describes and comments on steps taken to overcome problems identified earlier in the passage.4What keeps the black-tailed deer alive in the harsher seasons of plant decay and dormancy? One compensation for not hibernating is the built-in urge to migrate.5Modern architectural forms generally have three separate components comparable to elements of the human body: a supporting skeleton or frame, an outer skin enclosing the interior spaces, and equipment, similar to the body’s vital organs and systems.6My father will never give his consent to our marriage.7Some current analyses conclude that volcanoes and solar activity explain quite a considerable amount of the observed variability in the period from the seventeenth to the early twentieth century’s, but that they cannot be invoked to explain the rapid warming in recent decades.8When the real Sun was visible, however, the birds maintained a constant direction as it moved across the sky.9There are no constraints on your choice of subject for the essay.10Normally, the constantly changing levels of an animal's activity—sleeping, feeding, moving, reproducing, metabolizing, and producing enzymes and hormones, for example—are well coordinated with environmental rhythms, but the key question is whether the animal's schedule is driven by external cues, such as sunrise or sunset, or is instead dependent somehow on internal timers that themselves generate the observed biological rhythms.11William Smith’s contributions to geology have inc reased our knowledge of the Eart h’s history.12Dissatisfaction with conventional explanations for dinosaur extinctions led to a surprising observation that, in turn, has suggested a new hypothesis.13Analyses of these cores and samples provide a different solution to the problem.14Is there a corporate identity shared by all Asian countries?15Income from tourism is five percent higher than in the corresponding period last year. 16The standard criterion for the survival of a species is its success in competing with other species and adapting to slowly changing environments.17It's an obvious deduction that she is guilty.18Various types of images have been used to demonstrate that most of Martian surface contains evidence of flowing water.19More recent geologic studies documented deglaciation and the existence of ice-free areas throughout major coastal areas of British Columbia, Canada, by 13,000 years ago.20The raising of livestock is a major economic activity in semiarid lands, where grasses are generally the dominant type of natural vegetation.21Before 1815, the emphasis had been on quality rather than on speed of production.22By regulating the economy and competition, the government could ensure equal opportunity. 23Why were buffalo excluded from the research study?24Einstein's research provided much of the theoretical framework for particle physics.The building had a metal framework.25The government has decided to tighten its immigration policy.26The United Nations Environment Program and the World Bank have funded attempts to survey the groundwater resources of arid lands and to develop appropriate extraction techniques.27Three of the answer choices below are used in the passage to illustrate constructive processes and two are used to illustrate destructive processes.28However, more recent data imply that at least some parts of the planet did in fact experience long periods in the past during which liquid water existed on the surface.29It initially surprises us that many of their cities were not built next to the rivers but instead on high terrain in rolling uplands.30Eisenstein’s film was the first instance of collaborat ion between a director and a composer.31New evidence suggests that, rather than being isolated, Pacific islanders engaged in trade and social interaction with peoples living in Southeast Asia.32Of course, there is far more oil underground than can be recovered. It may be in a pool too small or too far from a potential market to justify the expense of drilling.I can see no justification for dividing the company into smaller units.33Scientists first identified this impact in 1980 from the worldwide layer of sediment deposited from the dust cloud that enveloped the planet after the impact.34Scientists have linked the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous with a meteorite impact on Earth.35Running water was the only source of power that was suitable for the continuous operation of machines, but to make use of it factories had to be located where the water was, regardless of whether such locations made sense otherwise.36At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is often found in mid-successional stages, not in the climax community.37The amount of prehistoric art created by right-handed artists indicates that left-handed people were in the minority.38A study of children in Hong Kong, however, found that the presence of celebrities in advertisements could negatively affect the children’s perceptions of a product if the children did not like the celebrity in question.39He refused to comment on the outcome of the election.40Unchanging physical laws have limited the size and strength of buildings that can be made with materials discovered long ago.41He went/entered into partnership with his brother.42Others, however, have adopted the philosophy that it is best to use the water while it is still economically profitable to do so and to concentrate on high-value crops such as cotton.43The proportion of empty space in a rock is known as its porosity.44In 1815 he published the first modern geological map, “A Map of the Strata of England and Wales with a Part of Scot land”, a map so meticulously researched that it can still be used today.45The reaction of farmers to the inevitable depletion of the Ogallala varies.46Where can I register for the Arabic course?47This economic reliance on livestock in certain regions makes large tracts of land susceptible to overgrazing.48Once the soil has been removed by erosion, only the passage of centuries or millennia will enable new soil to form.49In the face of the upcoming water supply crisis, a number of grandiose schemes have been developed to transport vast quantities of water by canal or pipeline from the Mississippi, the Missouri, or the Arkansas rivers.50Will zoologists ever know the evolutionary sequences in the Cambrian explosion?51Since the early 1940s, the state has had more deer than at any other time in its history, the winter population fluctuating around approximately 320,000 deer (mule and black-tailed deer), which will yield about 65,000 of either sex and any age annually for an indefinite period.52This technological shift cause profound changes in the complexity of African societies. 53The regulations specify that you may use a dictionary in the examination.54Although initially appealing, the hypothesis of a simple climatic change related to sea levels is insufficient to explain all the data.55And as the new markets created fortunes for the few, the factory system lowered the wages of workers by dividing labor into smaller, less skilled tasks.56When this research resulted in the development of vastly improved sound techniques, film studios became convinced of the importance of converting to sound.57According to paragraph 4, which of the following is true about the technical problems of early sound films?58Today technology has progressed to the point where it is possible to invent new building materials to suit the type of structure desired.59We should question the validity of those figures.Soon it was realized that this principle of faunal (animal) succession was valid not only in England or France but virtually everywhere.60The total volume of water in the saturated sample must therefore be thought of as consisting of water that can, and water that cannot, drain away.ACADEMIC WORD LIST 4access debate internal prioradequate despite investigation professionalannual dimension job projectapparent domestic label promote approximate emerge mechanism regimeattitude error obvious resolutionattribute ethnic occupation retaincivil goal option seriescode granted output statistics commitment hence overall status communication hypothesis parallel stress concentration implementation parameter subsequent conference implication phase sumcontrast impose predict summary2The difficulty of finding adequate sources of oil on land has resulted in a greater number of offshore drilling sites.3An annual rainfall of four inches is often used to define the limits of a desert.4In people, however, whose brains are more complex, other brain structures apparently moderate possible instincts.5The deserts, which already occupy approximately a fourth of the Earth's land surface, have in recent decades been increasing at an alarming pace.6Whigs and Democrats held different attitudes toward the changes brought about by the market, banks, and commerce.7One explanation attributes the color of green icebergs to an optical illusion under special light conditions, but green icebergs appear distinct from other icebergs under a great variety of light conditions.8I intend to sue him in civil court.9Callers dialing the wrong area code will not get through. zip code= post code10We're looking for someone with a real sense of commitment to the job.11The camel transformed the desert from a barrier into a still difficult, but more accessible,。
学术英语词汇表AWL
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word List.This sublist contains the most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus. The most frequent members of the word families in Sublist 1 are listed below.analysis n.分析,分解;梗概,要略; [数]解析;验定approach vt.& vi.接近,走近,靠近;vt.接近;着手处理;使移近;试图贿赂(或影响,疏通)n.方法;途径;接近;vi.靠近;area n.地区;区域,范围;面积,平地;领域assessment n.评估;评价;(应偿付金额的)估定;(为征税对财产所作的)估价assume v.假定,认为;承担;装出;呈现authority n.权威;权力;学术权威;[复数]当权者available adj.可获得的;有空的;可购得的;能找到的benefit n.利益,好处;救济金,津贴;义演,义卖;恩惠,恩泽vt.有益于,有助于;使受益;得益,受益;concept n.观念,概念;观点;思想,设想,想法;总的印象consistent adj.一致的;连续的;不矛盾的;坚持的constitutional adj.宪法的,符合宪法的;本质的;体质上的;保健的n.保健运动;保健散步;context n.上下文;背景;环境;语境contract n.合同;契约;协议;v.签合同;缩小;感染;create vt.创造,创作;产生;封爵,把…封为(贵族);vi.[英][俚]大发脾气,大发牢骚;data n.资料,材料;datum的复数;[计算机]数据,资料;从科学实验中提取的价值definition n.定义;规定,明确;[物]清晰度;解释derived vi.起源;由来;衍生;导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词);(从…中)得到获得;源于;(从…中)提取distribution n.分配,分布;[法](无遗嘱死亡者的)财产分配;[无线]频率分布;[电]配电economic adj.经济的;经济学的;合算的;有经济效益的environment n.环境,外界;周围,围绕;工作平台;(运行)环境established adj.已建立的;已设立的;已制定的;确定的v.建立( establish的过去式和过去分词);确定;[植物学]使(植物)定植;使成为estimate n.估计,预测;报价,预算书;评价,判断;vt.估计,估算;评价,评论;估量,估价;evidence n.证词;证据;迹象;明显vt.使明显;显示;表明;证实export vt.& vi.出口,输出;vt.传播,输出(思想或活动);n.输出,出口;输出[出口]物;factors n.因素( factor的名词复数);<数>因子;(增或减的)数量;系数financial adj.财政的;财务的;金融的;有钱的formula n.公式,准则;客套话;方案;婴儿食品function n.功能,作用;应变量,函数;职务;重大聚会vi.有或起作用;行使职责;identified v.认出( identify的过去式和过去分词);支持;确认;辨认income n.收入,进款;进来的动作;进入;indicate vt.表明,标示,指示;象征,暗示,预示;[医]显示需要做…的治疗;individual adj.个人的;独特的;个别的;n.个人;个体;interpretation n.解释,说明;翻译;表演,演绎;理解involved adj.复杂难懂的;与他人有密切关系的;受牵扯的;作为一部份参与的v.表明(某人参与了罪行等)(involve的过去式和过去分词);使参与;牵涉;使专心于issues n.(水等的)流出( issue的名词复数);出口;放出;(特别重要或大众关注的)问题v.出版( issue的第三人称单数);发表;宣布;分配labour n.劳动;劳工;分娩,临产阵痛;工作,活计vi.劳动,努力;艰难行进;分娩,产前阵痛;使疲倦legal adj.法律的;合法的;法定的;法律(上)的n.法定权利;依法必须登报的声明;legislation n.立法,制定法律;法律,法规;major adj.主要的;重要的;大调的;主修的(课程)n.主修科目;大调;陆军少校;成年的vi.<美>主修,专攻;[美国英语][教育学]主修(in);专攻;method n.方法;条理;occur vi.发生;出现;闪现;percent n.百分比,百分数;百分之一;adj.百分之…的,每一百中有…的;百分之…支付利息的;adv.以百分之…地,每一百中有…地;period n.时期;(一段)时间;学时;句号adj.具有某个时代特征的;(关于)过去某一特定历史时期的;(家具、服饰、建筑等)某一时代的;policy n.政策;策略;保险单;策略性principle n.原则,原理;准则,道义;道德标准;本能procedure n.程序,手续;工序,过程,步骤;诉讼程序,(议会的)议事程序;〈罕〉进行process n.过程;工序;做事方法;工艺流程vt.加工;处理;审阅;审核vi.列队行进;adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;required adj.必须的,<美>(学科)必修的;v.要求( require的过去式和过去分词);需要;想要;命令research n.研究,追究;探讨,探测;调查;探索vi.做研究;探究;(从市场调研中)得出所预测的结果;vt.从事…的研究,为…而做研究;response n.反应;回答,答复;[宗]回应经文,应唱圣歌;role n.作用;地位;角色;section n.部分;节;部件;部门vi.切开;切断;做(动物或植物组织)切片;把(精神病患者)正式送入精神病院vt.把…切成片(或段);作…的切片;把…作成截面;制作…的剖面图sector n.部门;领域;防御地区;扇形significant adj.重要的;显著的;有重大意义的;意味深长的similar adj.类似的;同类的;相似的;同样的n.类似物;相像的人;相似物;source n.根源,本源;源头,水源;原因;提供消息的人vt.(从…)获得;发起;向…提供消息;寻求(尤指供货)的来源vi.原料来源;起源;寻求来源;寻求生产商(或提供商)specific adj.明确的;特种的;具体的;[免疫学]特效的n.特效药;特性;细节;显著的性质,特性structure n.结构;构造;建筑物;体系vt.构成,排列;安排;theory n.学说;理论;原理;推测variables n.可变因素,变数( variable的名词复数);Sublist 2 of Academic Word ListThis sublist contains the second most frequent words in the Academic Word List from the Academic Corpus. The most frequent members of the word families in Sublist 2 are listed below.achieve vt. 取得;获得;实现;成功vi. 达到预期的目的,实现预期的结果,如愿以偿acquisition n. 获得物,获得;收购administration n. 管理;行政;实施;行政机构affect n. 情感;引起感情的因素vt. 影响;感染;感动;假装vi. 倾向;喜欢appropriate adj. 适当的;恰当的;合适的vt. 占用,拨出aspects n. 方面;相位;面貌(aspect的复数)assistance n. 援助,帮助;辅助设备categories n. 类别(category的复数);分类chapter n. 章,回;(俱乐部、协会等的)分会;人生或历史上的重要时期vt. 把…分成章节commission n. 委员会;佣金;犯;委任;委任状vt. 委任;使服役;委托制作community n. 社区;[生态] 群落;共同体;团体complex n. 复合体;综合设施adj. 复杂的;合成的computer n. 计算机;电脑;电子计算机conclusion n. 结论;结局;推论conduct v. 组织,实施,进行;指挥(音乐);带领,引导;举止,表现;传导(热或电)n. 行为举止;管理(方式),实施(办法);引导consequences n. 后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数)construction n. 建设;建筑物;解释;造句consumer n. 消费者;用户,顾客credit n. 信用,信誉;[金融] 贷款;学分;信任;声望vt. 相信,信任;把…归给,归功于;赞颂cultural adj. 文化的;教养的design n. 设计;图案vt. 设计;计划;构思vi. 设计distinction n. 区别;差别;特性;荣誉、勋章elements n. 基础;原理equation n. 方程式,等式;相等;[化学] 反应式evaluation n. 评价;[审计] 评估;估价;求值features n. 产品特点,特征;容貌;嘴脸(feature的复数)v. 是…的特色,使突出(feature的第三人称单数)final n. 决赛;期末考试;当日报纸的末版adj. 最终的;决定性的;不可更改的focus n. 焦点;中心;清晰;焦距vt. 使集中;使聚焦vi. 集中;聚焦;调节焦距n. (Focus)人名;(瑞典)福库斯impact vi. 影响;撞击;冲突;压紧(on,upon,with)n. 影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力vt. 挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响injury n. 伤害,损害;受伤处institute v. 实行,建立;授予……职位;提出(诉讼)n. (尤指科学、教育的)机构,研究所,学会;机构建筑;(与法律相关的)注释,概要investment n. 投资;投入;封锁items n. 项目;名目;所有物品(item的复数形式)v. 记下(item的第三人称单数形式);逐条记载journal n. 日报,杂志;日记;分类账maintenance n. 维护,维修;保持;生活费用normal n. 正常;标准;常态;法线(数学)adj. 正常的;正规的;标准的n. (Normal)人名;(德)诺马尔obtained v. 获得(obtain的过去分词)participation n. 参与;分享;参股perceived v. 感知;认为(perceive的过去分词);领会adj. 感知到的;感观的positive n. 正数;[摄] 正片adj. 积极的;[数] 正的,[医][化学] 阳性的;确定的,肯定的;实际的,真实的;绝对的potential adj. 潜在的,可能的;势的n. 潜能,可能性;电势previous adj. 以前的;早先的;过早的adv. 在先;在…以前primary n. 原色;最主要者adj. 主要的;初级的;基本的purchase v. 购买;获得,赢得;升起,举起n. 购买;购买的东西;支点;财产置得;(地产的)年收益;紧握;起重装置range n. 范围;幅度;排;山脉vt. 漫游;放牧;使并列;归类于;来回走动vi. (在...内)变动;平行,列为一行;延伸;漫游;射程达到region n. 地区;范围;部位regulations n. [管理] 条例;规程(regulation的复数);章则relevant adj. 相关的;切题的;中肯的;有重大关系的;有意义的,目的明确的resident adj. 居住的;定居的,常驻的;(鸟、蝴蝶等)非迁徙性的;(计算机程序、文件在存储器中)常驻的;属于……的(幽默用法)n. 居民;(旅店)房客;住院医生,(美国的)高级专科住院实习医生;(美)寄宿制学校学生;(英国派驻半独立国家的)特派代表;驻外特工resources n. [计][环境] 资源;物力(resource的复数)v. 向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数)restricted v. 限制(restrict的过去式和过去分词)adj. 受限制的;保密的security n. 安全,安全性;保证;证券;抵押品adj. 安全的;保安的;保密的sought v. 寻找(seek的过去式和过去分词)select n. 被挑选者;精萃adj. 精选的;挑选出来的;极好的vt. 挑选;选拔vi. 挑选site n. 地点;位置;场所vt. 设置;为…选址strategies n. 策略,战略(strategy的复数形式)survey n. 调查;测量;审视;纵览vt. 调查;勘测;俯瞰vi. 测量土地text n. [计] 文本;课文;主题vt. 发短信traditional adj. 传统的;惯例的transfer v. 转让;转接;移交(权力、责任等);转移(地方);(使)换乘;转存,转录;调动(工作);传染,传播;使(运动员)转队;把(钱)转到另一账户,机构上n. (地点的)转移;(工作的)调动;已调动的人或东西;权力的移交;运动员转会;(公共汽车、飞机等的)转移;(财产的)转让;数据的拷贝;(可粘贴或印制的)图画,图案;(公共汽车、火车等的)转车票,联运车票Sublist 3 of Academic Word List.This sublist contains the third most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus. The most frequent members of the word families in Sublist 3 are listed below.alternative n. 二中择一;供替代的选择adj. 供选择的;选择性的;交替的circumstances n. 情况(circumstance的复数);环境;情形comments n. 评论(comment的复数);注解v. 评论(comment的第三人称单数形式);解释compensation n. 补偿;报酬;赔偿金components n. 部件;组件;成份(component复数)consent n. 同意;(意见等的)一致;赞成vi. 同意;赞成;答应n. (Consent)人名;(法)孔桑considerable adj. 相当大的;重要的,值得考虑的constant n. [数] 常数;恒量adj. 不变的;恒定的;经常的n. (Constant)人名;(德)康斯坦特constraints n. [数] 约束;限制;约束条件(constraint的复数形式)contribution n. 贡献;捐献;投稿convention n. 大会;[法] 惯例;[计] 约定;[法] 协定;习俗coordination n. 协调,调和;对等,同等core n. 核心;要点;果心;[计] 磁心vt. 挖...的核n. (Core)人名;(英)科尔;(西、意)科雷corporate adj. 法人的;共同的,全体的;社团的;公司的;企业的corresponding adj. 相当的,相应的;一致的;通信的v. 类似(correspond的ing形式);相配criteria n. 标准,条件(criterion的复数)deduction n. 扣除,减除;推论;减除额demonstrate vt. 证明;展示;论证vi. 示威document n. 文件,公文;[计] 文档;证件vt. 记录,记载dominant n. 显性adj. 显性的;占优势的;支配的,统治的emphasis n. 重点;强调;加强语气ensure vt. 保证,确保;使安全excluded v. 排除(exclude的过去式和过去分词);驱逐;拒绝接纳adj. 排除的framework n. 框架,骨架;结构,构架funds n. [会计] 资金,现金(fund的复数);基金v. 资助(fund的三单形式);提供资金illustrated n. 有插画的报章杂志v. 阐明;举例说明;给…加插图(illustrate的过去分词)adj. 有插图的immigration n. 外来移民;移居implies v. 意味着(imply的第三人称单数);蕴含;暗指initial n. 词首大写字母adj. 最初的;字首的vt. 用姓名的首字母签名instance n. 实例;情况;建议vt. 举...为例interaction n. 相互作用;[数] 交互作用n. 互动justification n. 理由;辩护;认为有理,认为正当;释罪layer n. 层,层次;膜;[植]压条;放置者,计划者vt. 把…分层堆放;借助压条法;生根繁殖;将(头发)剪成不同层次vi. 形成或分成层次;[植]通过压条法而生根link n. [计] 链环,环节;联系,关系vt. 连接,连结;联合,结合vi. 连接起来;联系在一起;将人或物连接或联系起来n. (Link)人名;(英、德、塞、捷、匈、瑞典)林克location n. 位置(形容词locational);地点;外景拍摄场地maximum n. [数] 极大,最大限度;最大量adj. 最高的;最多的;最大极限的minorities n. 少数(minority的复数形式);少数民族;少数族裔negative n. 否定;负数;[摄] 底片adj. [数] 负的;消极的;否定的;阴性的vt. 否定;拒绝outcomes n. 产出,结局;效果(outcome的复数)partnership n. 合伙;[经管] 合伙企业;合作关系;合伙契约philosophy n. 哲学;哲理;人生观physical n. 体格检查adj. [物] 物理的;身体的;物质的;根据自然规律的,符合自然法则的proportion n. 比例,占比;部分;面积;均衡vt. 使成比例;使均衡;分摊published v. 出版;发行(publish的过去式)adj. 已发布的reaction n. 反应,感应;反动,复古;反作用registered adj. 注册的;记名的;登记过的;(家畜等)附有血统证明的reliance n. 信赖;信心;受信赖的人或物removed v. remove的变形adj. 远离的;隔了...代的scheme n. 计划;组合;体制;诡计vt. 计划;策划vi. 搞阴谋;拟订计划n. (Scheme)人名;(瑞典)谢默sequence n. [数][计] 序列;顺序;续发事件vt. 按顺序排好sex n. 性;性别;性行为;色情vt. 引起…的性欲;区别…的性别shift v. 转移;快速移动;变换;改变观点;推卸(责任);振作;移位;狼吞虎咽地吃;去除(污迹);销售,出售;换挡;轮班;含糊其辞,拐弯抹角n. 转移;改变,转变;手段;轮班;轮班职工;转换(键);(直筒式)连衣裙,内衣;计谋,诡计specified v. 指定;详细说明(specify的过去分词)adj. 规定的;详细说明的sufficient adj. 足够的;充分的task v. 派给某人(任务);对(手段或能力)要求极高n. (困难的)任务,工作;(语言教学中的)活动technical adj. 工艺的,科技的;技术上的;专门的techniques n. 技术(technique的复数);方法;技巧technology n. 技术;工艺;术语validity n. [计] 有效性;正确;正确性volume n. 量;体积;卷;音量;大量;册adj. 大量的vt. 把…收集成卷vi. 成团卷起Sublist 4 of Academic Word ListThis sublist contains the fourth most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus. The most frequent members of the word families in Sublist 4 are listed below.access n. 进入;使用权;通路vt. 使用;存取;接近adequate adj. 充足的;适当的;胜任的annual n. 年刊,年鉴;一年生植物adj. 年度的;每年的apparent adj. 显然的;表面上的approximated adj. 接近的;估计的v. 接近;约等于(approximate的过去式和过去分词)attitudes n. 态度,看法(attitude复数)attributed v. 归于(attribute的过去式,过去分词);属性化civil adj. 公民的;民间的;文职的;有礼貌的;根据民法的n. (Civil)人名;(土)吉维尔;(法)西维尔code n. 代码,密码;编码;法典vt. 编码;制成法典vi. 指定遗传密码n. (Code)人名;(英、法、西)科德commitment n. 承诺,保证;委托;承担义务;献身communication n. 通讯,[通信] 通信;交流;信函concentration n. 浓度;集中;浓缩;专心;集合conference n. 会议;讨论;协商;联盟;(正式)讨论会;[工会、工党用语](每年的)大会vi. 举行或参加(系列)会议contrast n. 对比;差别;对照物vt. 使对比;使与…对照vi. 对比;形成对照cycle n. 循环;周期;自行车;整套;一段时间vt. 使循环;使轮转vi. 循环;骑自行车;轮转debate n. 辩论;辩论会vt. 辩论,争论,讨论vi. 辩论,争论,讨论despite prep. 尽管,不管n. 轻视;憎恨;侮辱dimensions n. 规模,大小domestic n. 国货;佣人adj. 国内的;家庭的;驯养的;一心只管家务的emerged vt. 出现(emerge的过去分词);浮现,暴露error n. 误差;错误;过失ethnic adj. 种族的;人种的goals n. 目标,[心理] 目的;进球,射中次数granted conj. 诚然adv. 的确vt. grant的过去式hence adv. 因此;今后hypothesis n. 假设implementation n. [计] 实现;履行;安装启用implications n. 蕴涵式;暗指,暗示;含蓄,含意;卷入(implication的复数)imposed v. 欺骗(impose的过去分词);把…强加于adj. 强加的;施加的;应用的integration n. 集成;综合internal n. 内脏;本质adj. 内部的;里面的;体内的;(机构)内部的investigation n. 调查;调查研究job n. 工作;职业vt. 承包;代客买卖vi. 做零工n. (Job)人名;(英)乔布;(法、葡)若布;(?-1605)约伯〈俄〉俄罗斯正教会莫斯科牧首。
雅思高频词汇表(汇总)
The Academic Word List (AWL)英语学术词汇表1. What is the AWL?AWL (《英语学术词汇表》) 是一个由Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand 的一些应用语言学家统计出来词汇表,它包含了的学术英语(English for Academic Purpose)中最常用的570个词目(headwords),每一个词目下面还列出了该词目的相关变化形式。
例如:词目“analyse”就包含以下相关联的词汇:analysed, analyser, analysers, analyses, analysing, analysis, analyst, analysts, analytic, analytical, analytically, analyze, analyzed, analyzes, analyzing 。
其中斜体字,analysis,在学术英语中最为常见。
2. What are the 10 sublists of the AWL?AWL分十个sublists (小组)。
除了第十小组包含30个词目外,其他小组均含有90个词目。
Sublist 1(第一组)包含的词汇最常用,sublist 2(第二组)中的词汇使用频率稍低,其他的sublists 依次类推。
AWL 中的每一个词目后都有一个数字,它代表了该词目是属于AWL中的哪一组。
例如abandon 8就表示abandon是属于第八小组的词目。
3. Where to find the AWL?本文件的附录以字母先后排列出了所有的AWL 词目。
登陆网页/staff/awl/headwords.shtml 能看到570个词目(headwords)。
如果你想得到每一个词目下面所包含的相关单词,请登陆/staff/awl/sublists.shtml, 该网页能下载所有的单词。
AWL词汇Sublist 1
Sublist 1Word BuildingThe following prefixes and roots are involved in some words of this section.Words*require vt. 需要, 要求【构词分析】:由re-(再,又)+ quire(寻求,寻找)构成。
【习惯用法】:require sth. of sb. 对某人有...的要求require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事【同义辨析】:require和demand都有“要求”的意思。
demand 的含义是“强烈要求”;如果主语是人,这个词的含义可以解释为“据权要求”;如果主语是物,这个词的含义可以解释为“需要”或“要求”。
e.g. This workdemands patience. 这种工作要求有耐心。
require 的确切含义是“对所要求的事”要绝对服从,或者说这种“要求”带有法律或规章的强迫性。
e.g. The course requires you to know English. 这门课程要求你懂英语。
注:demand和require引导的宾语从句用虚拟语气。
e.g. The university requires that students taking the coursewrite a course paper in addition to the written exam.【同族词】:requirement n. 需求, 要求, 必要条件, 需要的东西, 要求必备的条件*income n.收入,收益【构词分析】:由in-(向内)+ come(来)构成,意为“进来的东西”,即“收入”。
【常见搭配】:1. 常见动词搭配e.g. derive (draw, obtain, secure) a large income(正式)得到大笔的收入He has earned /made a big income via internet.他在网上挣得大笔收入2. 常见形容词搭配e.g. an annual (weekly, monthly, yearly) income年(一周的,月)收入a gross (total, real, net) 总(总,实际,纯)收入a large (comfortable, handsome(正式), liberal) income丰厚的收入a low (small) income低收入property income财产所得royalty income版税section n. 部分;部门;阶层;界;(文章等的)段落,章节;(条文的)款项;截面;块,片【常见搭配】:a residential (downtown, industrial) section of the city城市的住宅(商业,工业)区a(n) personnel (accounting, administration, finance, general,health, information, inspection, secretarial, statistics, supplies)of a company公司的人事(会计,管理,财物,总务,为生,情报,监察,秘书,统计,供应)科(股,处,部门)a brass (percussion, string, woodwind) section铜管(打击,弦,木管)乐器组the news (business, classified, financial, sports, travel)section of a newspaper 报纸的新闻(商务,分类广告,金融,体育,旅游)版(栏)a cross(oblique, longitudinal (vertical), horizontal)section横截(斜剖, 纵剖, 水平剖)面a section in the Food and Drugs Act食品与药物管理条例的一个条款sections 1-5 of Chapter II of your textbook课本第二章第一至五节a section of the railway铁路段a section of a fruit水果(柑橘的)瓣structure 1.n. 结构, 构造,建筑物【常见搭配】:a complicated (loose, firm, solid)structure复杂(松散,坚实)的结构a(n) deep (intermediate, surface) structure 深(中,表)层结构a single-(two-)story structure单(两)层楼建筑物a public structure公共建筑物hierarchical social structure社会等级制度inner (interior, internal) structure内部结构integral structure整体结构political structure政治体系the structure of human body 人体构造2. vt.建筑, 构成, 组织e.g. structure a teaching program 拟订教学大纲structure one’s day对一天进行安排【同族词】:structural a.结构的,建筑的policy n. 方针,政策;*保险单【常见搭配】: 1. 常见形容词搭配a broad policy大方针a cheap-money policy低利率,低息货币政策a clear (clear-cut) policy明确的政策a constructive (destructive) policy有建设性(破坏性)的政策a domestic (home) policy国内政策an embargo (exclusion, expansionary) policy 禁运(闭关,经济扩张)政策a(n) established (set) policy既定的方针a fiscal (monetary, banking, financial)policy财政(货币,金融)政策a foreign trade policy 对外贸易政策a flexible (rigid) policy灵活的,刻板的政策a give-and-take policy平等交换的政策a guiding (governing) policy指导方针a poor (bad) policy不智之举a safe (temperate) policy 稳健(温和)的政策a blanket (master)总保险单a shipment policy装运保险单an all-risk policy全险保单,综合险保单an extended policy延期保险单an honor policy信用保险单2. 常见动词搭配adhere to (continue) a policy坚持(继续)执行一方针adjust the policy调整政策adopt (apply, employ) a policy采取政策carry out (execute(正式),implement, put into effect) a policy贯彻,执行政策endorse (approve) a policyformulate (frame)制定政策further a policy推行政策pursue (follow) a policy奉行政策revoke (reject, suspend) a policy取消(驳回,暂时取消)一项政策violate a policy违反政策issue (write up) a policy 写出保险单take a policy加入保险take out a policy on one’s life投人寿保险surrender one’s policy for cash交还保险单取得退保金注:policy常可作为名词定语, 如:policy statements政策声明policy issues政策事宜policy-holder投保人economy n.经济;节约,节省【常见搭配】:1. 常见形容词搭配a planned economy计划经济free-market economy自由市场经济the barter economy以物易物的经济close (open) economy 闭关自守(开放)的经济collective (individual, small-producer, state-owned)economy集体(个体,小生产者,国营)经济diversified economy多种经营economy of scale规模经济economy of fuel 节约燃料economy class经济舱2. 常见动词搭配plan our national economy规划我们的国民经济practice (exercise, use) economy实行节约【同族词】:economics n.经济学economic a.经济学的,经济上的economical a.节约的e.g. an economical housewife 节俭的主妇process 1. n. 过程, 作用, 方法, 程序, 步骤, 进行, 推移【习惯用法】:in (during) the process of在…过程中【常见搭配】:1.常见形容词搭配a complicated (lengthy, long) process复杂(漫长)的过程a gradual (slow) process逐步(慢慢)的过程a industrial (manufacturing, technical) process工业(制造,工艺)过程a sifting-out process筛选法basic (essential) process基本(必要)过程due process of law法定手续the weeding-out process淘汰法2.常见动词搭配accelerate (hasten, speed up) the process加快进程develop (devise, invent) a process of 研制(发明)…制作方法perfect a new process完善一种新工艺facilitate (simplify) the process简化手续2. vt. 加工, 处理e.g. process cheese加工奶酪process ore to obtain minerals加工矿石获取矿物质【同族词】:processing n.加工processor n.处理器*research n.研究, 调查【构词分析】:由re-(反复)+ search(寻找)构成。
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establishment
reoccur
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percent
assessment
estimating
assessments
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formulation
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reformulate
percentage percentages
period
periodic periodical periodically periodicals periods
policy
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《英语学术词汇表》分 10 个 sublists (小类),除了第 10 小类包含 30 个词目外,其他小类均 含有 60 个词目。Sublist 1(第 1 类)包含的词汇最常用,sublist 2(第 2 类)中的词汇使用频率 稍低,其他的 sublist3 依次类推。
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word List
principle
principled principles unprincipled
proceed
procedural procedure procedures proceeded proceeding proceedings proceeds
process
processed processes processing
approachable approached approaches approaching unapproachable
area
areas
assess
assessable assessed assesses assessing
economy
legislate
economic
legislated
economical
《英语常用学术词汇表》
《英语学术词汇表》(The Academic Word List, AWL)是一个由 Victoria University of Wel lington, New Zealand 的一些应用语言学家统计出来的词汇表,它包含了学术英语(English for A cademic Purpose)中最常用的 570 个词目(headwords)。
environmental
majorities
environmentalist
majority
environmentalists method
environmentally
methodical
environments
methodological
establish
methodologiesdisestablishavailability
export
unavailable
exported
benefit
exporter
beneficial
exporters
beneficiary
exporting
beneficiaries
exports
benefited
factor
benefiting
factored
benefits
analyse
analysed analyser analysers analyses analysing analysis analyst analysts analytic analytical analytically analyze analyzed analyzes analyzing
approach