高考阅读理解题型-观点态度题详解及练习
阅读理解中的态度观点题解析
阅读理解中的态度观点题解析阅读理解是英语考试中常见的题型之一，而其中的态度观点题则是较为常见且较为具有挑战性的一类。
这类题目要求考生通过阅读材料，理解作者的态度和观点，并根据文中的线索进行推断和判断。
下面将对阅读理解中的态度观点题解析进行探讨。
一、理解态度观点题在阅读理解中，要正确理解作者的态度和观点，首先要对文中的内容进行准确的理解。
通常，我们可以通过以下几个方面的线索来推断作者的态度和观点：1.情感色彩：作者对某一主题或议题表达的情感色彩通常会透露出他们的态度。
例如，如果作者在文中使用了赞扬、赞美的词语，那么作者的态度很可能是肯定的；而如果作者使用了批评、谴责的词语，那么作者的态度可能是否定的。
2.修辞手法：作者在表达观点时常常会使用一些修辞手法，例如比喻、夸张等。
通过分析这些修辞手法，我们可以推断出作者的态度和观点。
3.语气和语调：作者在写作中的语气和语调也可以透露出他们的态度。
例如，如果作者的语气相对客观而中立，那么作者可能持中立的态度；如果作者的语气较为激烈和强烈，那么作者可能持强烈的态度。
二、解题方法与技巧在解答阅读理解中的态度观点题时，可以采用以下方法和技巧：1.仔细阅读文章：在阅读文章时，要仔细阅读每一段落，并注意作者表达观点的细节和线索。
特别要注意文章中出现的情感色彩、修辞手法、语气和语调等。
2.分析选项：在看完文章后，再细读题目和选项，并针对每个选项进行分析。
排除与作者态度和观点相反的选项，留下与作者态度和观点相符合的选项。
3.细读原文：留下的选项中，选择最能概括作者观点和态度的选项，然后再回到原文中找到与之相对应的句子或段落，进行仔细核对。
4.注意选项中的程度词：有时候，选项中的程度词可以帮助我们推断作者的态度。
例如，如果选项中出现了"never"、"always"等词语，那么作者的态度很可能是绝对的；如果选项中出现了"usually"、"often"等词语，那么作者的态度很可能是相对的。
2020高考英语阅读理解解题技巧专项突破五：阅读理解专题之观点态度题(含答案)
专题 5 阅读理解专题之----观点态度题【设问形式】1）The attitude of the author towards.... is____?2）What’s the author’s opinion on/towards...?3）What does... think about...?4）What is...’s attitude towards...?......【考查方式】观点态度题是高考阅读理解的常考点。
考查学生把握作者及文中人物的态度、思想倾向。
对某观点是赞成、反对还是犹豫不决；对记述描写的人或事等是赞扬、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨等态度。
考生需要关注文章的字里行间和体现情感态度的修饰词来推断作者及文中人物的态度、思想倾向。
在阅读理解中,对于观点态度类的推断题，常常采用关键词句法。
首先通读全文或全段,理解文章或段落的内容和中心思想。
然后，抓住体现人物观点态度的关键句或列举的事例，同时注意流露作者思想倾向或感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词等关键词。
常见的涉及作者态度的词有支持或肯定类词( approving, positive, optimistic, concerned, supportive, favorable, sympathetic, appreciative等)，反对或否定类词( critical, negative, pessimistic, doubtful, suspicious, worried, disapproving, gloomy, disappointed, questioning等)和中立类词( indifferent, uncaring, objective, uninterested, cautious, unconcerned, uncertain, ambiguous, neutral等)。
因此学生在阅读时应特别注意文章的措辞,尤其注意那些表达感情色彩的影容词，如improving, encouraging, disappointing 等，以及作者对人物语言行为和思想的措写,从中领悟作者的写作态度。
第11讲.阅读理解之观点态度题
第十一讲阅读理解之观点态度题【考点说明】阅读理解之观点态度题在考试中考察得比重不大，在有传统阅读题型的联盟考试（复旦千分考、北约、卓越同盟）中，一般观点态度题不超过一道题，有时不会出现，如复旦07年考了两道，但08年没有考察此类题型，09年再次出现。
尽管这类题所占比重不大，掌握考试技巧也是必备的。
【题型特点分析】通常作者的观点或者态度往往会在文章的措辞、文体和结构中得以反映。
大多数文章采取比较客观和实事求是的态度，其写作意图是向读者提供信息。
但有时会在文章中表现出一些个人的感情色彩，或批评，或讽刺，或感叹。
要做对这类题，必须正确理解作者的真正观点，同时还要正确地推断作者的语气、态度，弄清作者写这篇文章的目的，作者的态度是肯定还是否定，以及文中的事实论据是否支持作者的论点等。
同时还必须体会作者的用词和其它修辞手段，例如比喻和讽刺。
常见的题干表现形式有：It’s the author’s view that…What is the author’s attitude toward …?The author’s attitude toward… could be described as…Which of the following best describes the author’s tone in the passage?【解题技巧】1.阅读时注意区分不同的文体。
议论文中，文章的主题句往往会暗示作者的态度，而记叙文则会通过描述性的语言表达作者的某种倾向。
2.推断分析作者态度或观点时，还需要结合文章的中心思想或主旨，尤其要找出作者的观点。
3.文章中会有许多能够表达作者观点的具有感情色彩（如褒义词或贬义词）的词语，这些词语在一定程度上是作者态度的反映。
如果文章中出现较多的褒义词，那作者的态度可能是正面的；相反，如果文中出现了较多的贬义词，那么作者的观点可能就是负面的。
4.常见表示支持、赞同的词汇包括：positive 肯定的，积极的；favorable 赞成的；approval 赞成的；enthusiastic 热情的；optimistic 乐观的；appreciative 欣赏的。
（完整版）高考阅读理解题型-观点态度题详解及练习
（完整版）高考阅读理解题型-观点态度题详解及练习后面有练习最后是练习的答案，包括词汇和难点解析。
都是我一个一个字打上去的高考考纲中对考生阅读理解部分的要求如下：（1）理解主旨和要义（2）理解文中具体信息（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度（5）理解文章的基本结构对应有（1）主旨大意题（2）细节与推理判断题（3）词义猜测提（4）观点态度题（5）篇章结构题五种基本的阅读理解题型。
今天我们要讲的就是五种基本题型之一的观点态度题例一、[2009年陕西卷]“Old wives’ tales” are beliefs passed down from one generation to another. For example, most of us remember our parents’ telling us to eat more of certain foods or not to do certain things. Is there any truth in these teachings? Some of them agree with present medical thinking, but others have not passed the test of time.Did your mother ever tell you to eat your carrots because they are good for your eyes? Scientists now report that eating carrots can help prevent a serious eye disease called macular degeneration….Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs don’t hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives’ tales. After all, much of th is knowledge has been accumulated from thousands of years of experience in family health care. …54. What is the author’s attitude toward “old wives’ tales” in the text?A. SubjectiveB. ObjectiveC. DissatisfiedD. Curious例二、The internet will open up new vistas (前景), create the global village—you can make new friends all around the world. That, at least, is what it promised us. The difficulty is that it did not take the human mind into account. The reality is that we cannot keep relationships with more than a limited number of people. No matter how hard the internet tries to put you in communication, its best efforts will be defeated by your mind.The problem is twofold（双重的）. First, there is a limit on the number of people we can hold in mind and have a meaningful relationship with. That number is about 150 and is set by the size of our brain. Second, the quality of your relationships depends on the amount of time you invest （投入）in them. We invest a lot in a small number of people and then distribute what’s left among as many others as we can. The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will decline （减弱）until eventually it dies into “someone I once knew”.This is not, of course, to say that the internet doesn’t s erve a socially valuable function. Of course it does. But the question is not that it allows you to increase the size of your social circle to include the rest of the world, but that you can keep your relationships with your existing friends going even though you have to more to the other side of the world.In one sense, that’s a good thing. But it also has a disadvantage. If you continue to invest in your old friends even though you can no longer see them, then certainly y ou aren’t using your time to make new friends where you now live. And Isuspect that probably isn’t the best use of your time. Meaningful relationships are about being able to communicate with each other, face to face. The internet will slow down the rate with which relationships end, but it won’t stop that happening eventually.75、What is the author’s attitude towards the use of the internet to strengthen relationships?A. He is uncertain about it.B. He is hopeful of it.C. He approves of it.D. He doubts it.例三、This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best,the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things,and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.30、What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?A.TolerantB.DoubtfulC.RespectfulD.Supportive引类问题的几种提问方式(1)What’s the writer’s attitude to …?(2)What’s the tone of the passage?(3)The author’s view is _______(4)The writer’s attitude of .this passage is apparently _________(5)The author’s opinion could be best described as_________(6)Which of the following statements would the author be LEAST /MOST likely to agree with?(7)Which of the following statements indicates the author’s attitude toward ____?推测作者的写作意图时，必须要先了解文章的主题，然后分析作者的论述方法、论述重点和材料的安排。
阅读理解专题5观点态度B(有答案解析)
阅读理解专题五阅读下列短文或短文片段，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案或可以填入空白处的最佳答案：AEver since Donald Trump was elected the next president of the US, the entire Trump family has been put under a microscope.In China, the spotlight has been mainly focused on Trump and his daughter Ivanka. She is described on WeChat as an extremely influential role model with stunning beauty, a successful career, and a happy family.She leads a dream life that a million girls would kill for. Yes, she was born with a silver spoon in her mouth. But she got where she is by herself.There’s always going to be articles that say people born into wealthy families are better looking and have a better family background than you, but these people do work harder than you.Are you a loser if you were raised in an ordinary family? Should you feel guilty that you sleep eight hours a day because Ivanka sleeps five? If you just want to keep a stable nine-to-five job, does it mean you are not ambitious? How about if you don’t work out or eat healthy, does that mean you will not find your Mr. or Miss Right?There is a tendency in media nowadays to encourage elitism(精英主义).They are trying to brainwash young people into thinking that they should invest an enormous amount of time and money in bodybuilding and appearance enhancement, even plastic surgery. They encourage lifestyle makeovers: wine tasting classes and expensive trips overseas. They make you believe that if you do as they say, you can improve the quality of your life and join the elites.But what’s the downside of being ordinary? Do you really need to go to the gym five days a week unless you are a gym maniac(热衷者)? Do you need to take hundreds of selfies and Photoshop the selected ones to post on WeChat? Do you really need to break your neck and sacrifice to earn your first pot of gold only to worry constantly about how to enter high society later?Don’t let the idea of elitism get to you. Everybody has a right to the life they want. Human beings should not be judged as a success or failure based on whether they are a part of the elite or not. As long as you lead a happy and comfortab le life, why bother to chase after other people’s shadows? Choose your own life path and go for it.1. Which attitude towards life would the writer probably agree with?A. Life is like a dogsled team. If you aren’t the lead dog, the scenery never change s.B. There is only one success — to be able to spend your life in your own way.C. Life consists not in holding good cards but in playing those you hold well.D. The greatest lesson in life is to know that even fools are right sometimes.BHalf a year ago I came across a book called "Salt, Sugar and Fat. How the Food Giants Hooked US", but finished it only recently. I am far from being a fan of junk food, over-salty, or over-sweet stuff, and honestly this food doesn’t appeal to me at all. Mayb e it is related to the fact that I grew up in Russia and at that time we were not so exposed to the foreign, especially made in America foods. We knew Coca Cola, Pepsi, juice powder and Cheetos, but this stuff was not so cheap or available to buy it every day and we couldn’t buy them in large quantities. We didn’t know the word "fat" was not a bad thing but a normal of life for some people. We always had sweets and especially on holidays they were served as a dessert along with a cake. Russians like eating sweets when they drink tea. Even with my passion to desserts I still can’t relate myself to the people Michale Moss was writing about, those consumers who could not say "no" when it came to junk food.What I found interesting in the book was that the au thor didn’t focus on diets, necessity to exercise, sleep well at night and all other things we all are pretty aware of. The aim was not to teach people how to live but instead, after having made a huge research, interviewed more than 100 people in the food industry, Moss reveals the ugly of the food business. It puts all the facts in front of us and offers a choice: to buy or not to buy. However, the answer was known at the very beginning. Moss mentions the well-known food like Coca, Cola, Pepsi, Nestle and some others and tells how skillfully the consumers can be cheated when it comes to choosing what to put in the food basket in the supermarket. We like this taste of a chocolate, the crispy chips, and sweet porridges because it was all put on test by groups of scientists who made experiments to reveal what kind of taste will be most appealing to us. It involves brain, of course. Apart from scientific researches, it was also due to successful marketing strategies and plans that people prefer to buy food.In this companies’ money race, the most vulnerable(易受伤害的)victims are kids. They can’t tell good from bad and love everything that makes them feel good. Commercial ads of fast food particularly targeted kids and played on the fact that mothers can’t fully control what their children eat because they spent all day at work. Mothers themselves buy chocolates bars and com flakes for their kids, guided by a powerful brainwashing that actually, these products were not unhealthy, on the contrary, it was encouraged to give them to kids, because fat and sugar provide energy, so they are good, right?Giving a credit to some food companies, they made attempts to fight the trend, but consumers, who already worked a habit of eating too salty, too fatting and too sweet products, didn’t react to the changes. So the companies returned to the old policy. Surprisingly, such behavior was strongly backed up by the government.I would definitely recommend reading this book not only to those who struggle in the battle with his addiction to fast food but also people living healthily. It casts light on many things, including how vulnerable we can be in front of corporations and their powerful and accurate marketing strategies.2. What is the author’s attitude towards the government?A. objectiveB. supportiveC. positiveD. negativeCAbout a quarter of the world drives on the left, and the countries that do are mostly old British colonies(殖民地) like Australia, and Ireland. But Thailand, Indonesia and Japan also do so.This strange quirk(奇事) puzzles the rest of the world; however, there is a perfectly good reason. Up to the late 1700’s, everybody travelled on the left side of the road because it’s the most sensible option for feudal(封建的), violent societies with mostly right-handed people. Soldiers with their swords under their right arm naturally passed on each other’s right, and if you passed a stranger on the road, you walked on the left to ensure that your protective sword arm was between yourself and him.Revolutionary France, however, overturned this practice as part of its sweeping social rethink. A change was carried out all over continental Europe by Napoleon. It changed under Napoleon because he was left-handed. His armies had to march on the right so he could keep his sword arm between him and any opponent. From then on, any part of colonized by the French travelled on the right.After the American Revolutionary War (1775—1783), the US became independent and decided to make traffic drive on the right in order to cast off all remaining links with its British colonial past. As America became the center of the car industry, if you wanted a good reliable vehicle, you bought American right-hand-drive cars. From then on, many countries changed out of necessity.Today, the EU would like Britain to fall into line with the rest of Europe, but this is no longer possible. It would cost billions of pounds to change everything round. The last European country to change driving on the right was Sweden in 1967. While everyone was getting used to the new system, they paid more attention and took more care, resulting in a reduction of the number of road accidents.3. What was Napoleon’s attitude to walking on the left?A. Support.B. Disapproval.C. Doubt.D. Sympathy.DNo one would much like the idea of eating 61 pounds of tomatoes a day. But if their goodness was put into an easy-to-swallow pill that you were told might prevent strokes(中风) and heart attacks you would probably be putting in an order tomorrow.Researchers believe they may have come up with just that after trials. The daily pill contains a chemical called lycopene which makes tomatoes red and is known to break down fat in the vessels(血管). A Cambridge University study found taking the pills improved blood flow and the lining of vessels in patients with pre-existing heart conditions. It also increased the flexibility(灵活性) of their vessels by 50 percent. The scientists believe it could limit the damage caused by heart disease—responsible for 180,000 deaths a year—and help cut the 49,000 deaths a year from strokes. They also hope it could benefit those with arthritis(关节炎), diabetes(糖尿病) and even slow the progress of cancer.Each pill is equal to eating around 61 pounds of ripe tomatoes. Studies have shown eating a Mediterranean-style diet rich in tomatoes, fish, vegetables, nuts and olive oil can significantly reduce cholesterol(胆固醇) and help prevent cardiovascular disease.Preliminary results from a two-month trial, in which the pill was given to 36 heart disease patients and 36 healthy volunteers with an average age of 67, were presented at a meeting of the American Heart Association. It was shown to improve the function of the endothelium- the layer of cells lining blood vessels. It also improved their sensitivity to nitric oxide, the gas which causes the enlargement of the vessels in response to exercise.Ian Wilkinson, head of Cambridg e University’s clinical trials unit, said “These results are potentially very significant and it meets the goal, but we need more trials to see if they translate into fewer heart attacks and strokes.”Further studies are planned, with researchers hoping it could offer a choice for heart disease sufferers who can not take the cholesterol-lowing drugs.Mike Knapton, head of the British Heart Foundation, said, “Although this showed lycopene improved blood flow in people with heart disease, that’s a lon g way from demonstrating that taking it could improve outcomes for people with heart disease. The best way to get the benefits ofa good diet is to eat plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables.”4. What was Ian Wilkinson’s opinion on the trial?A. Disappointing.B. Surprising.C. Satisfactory.D. Terrible.EThe young boy was sitting on the ground in the refugee(难民)camp playing with an empty tin. Other children were standing around watching him with envious eyes.Envy? Of an empty tin?This tin was indeed no worthless piece of trash—it was a splendid truck, complete with wheels and grille(铁栅) and floor. The vehicle even had remote control, a frayed piece of string from the “engine” to the hand of the owner.The tin had lost all its original markings. But its first load had probably been sardines(沙丁鱼). Later the tin had been left with other rubbish behind the refugee camp clinic, and the boy had found it on one of his daily expeditions into the “big world”.For thousands of refugee children, a tin like this rates high on their list of wants. It can be used for many purposes, as jewellery, as a toy, for drinking or as a medicine box.Many refugee children would consider it the happiest day of their lives if they received a handful of marbles(弹珠) as a present.They dream of gifts which children in developed countries take for granted. Maybe a book to read or a pencil and an exercise book of their very own.Their imagination can create toys, but it cannot create books. Someone else must provide them. A more costly and valuable gift they cannot imagine.5. How do you think the young boy may feel when he gets something to read?A. depressedB. frustratedC. excitedD. frightenedKeys:1. B 解析：根据文章最后一段，尤其是“Don't let the idea of elitism get to you. Everybody hasa right to the life they want.”以及“As long as you lead a happy and comfortable life, why bother to chase after other people's shadows? Choose your own life path and go for it.”2. D 解析：前文用了ugly, cheated, vulnerable victims, unhealthy等一系列负面的词批评可乐、薯条等垃圾食品，接着提到政府时，作者说Surprisingly, such behavior was strongly backed up by the government.(奇怪的是，这些行为得到了政府的支持)，由此可知，作者对政府的态度是否定的。
高考复习(英语)专项练习：(阅读理解)推理判断题——观点态度类【含答案及解析】
考点分类练(四)推理判断题——观点态度类A(2021·山东淄博一模)A books-for-food programme in Guatemala is helping feed needy children as hunger rates rise during the pandemic(流行病). It is run by a local non-profit organisation that aims to feed nearly 400 children.The programme is simple. People choose a book they want from a list of donated titles, and in return give bags of Incaparina, a high-protein drink mix. Bonifaz Diaz works for the programme. By bringing the books-for-food programme directly to people’s homes, Diaz makes sure donations keep flowing. He has travelled more than 2,000 kilometres on his bicycle, delivered loads of books and carried back thousands of kilograms of Incaparina for the non-profit group. Diaz sometimes pulls a small cart that helps him carry up to 57 kilograms of product. He has travelled as far as 60 kilometres for a delivery to a town in the Western Highlands, where road conditions are poor.Nearly a year into the books-for-food programme, two more cyclists have joined Diaz. Ana Castillo is a high school teacher who recently received the sociology book from Diaz. She donates to the programme often. The 1.8 kilograms of Incaparina she provided will help one family eat for a month.Castillo looks forward to choosing her books from the titles Diaz posts on social media. She also loves the feeling of a “growing circle” of giving and receiving.“You might not get to those places, but your help can.” she says.Diaz says he plans to continue cycling against hunger as long as the need exists. He has faced his own economic difficulties since the theatre company he co-founded closed last spring. But the programme has kept him active.“It’s an opportunity to serve in which we all benefit.” Diaz says.1.What is the purpose of the programme?A.To serve the readers.B.To produce Incaparina.C.To offer poor children food.D.To fight the pandemic.2.What did Diaz do for the programme?A.He set up a social media.B.He made donations frequently.C.He rented a cart to carry goods.D.He travelled to deliver books and food.3.How is the programme going now?A.More people are involved in it.B.Only two cyclists work for it.C.Over 400 adults benefit from it.D.Financial difficulties put it to an end.4.Which word best describes Diaz’s attitude towards the programme?A.Indifferent.B.Supportive.C.Tolerant.D.Unwilling.B(2021·山东菏泽一模)Charvi Goyal is a high school student from Dallas, Texas, who helps out other classmates by tutoring them between classes. A tutor is someone who teaches one person or a very small group of students.When Goyal’s high school moved online last year because of the pandemic, she decided to also take her teaching online. The junior and three of her fellow students created TutorScope, a programme that offers free tutoring services to other children, including younger ones. It started with a small number of tutors who helped young people in their city. But it has grown into a group of 22 tutors from Texas, Arizona and Ohio. They have helped more than 300 students.TutorScope aims to give the one-on-one help that teachers have traditionally given while walking around their classrooms. But now, many teachers cannot provide that one-on-one support because they lack time or have issues with technology.Sarah Newman said her children, 7-year-old twins, had helpful TutorScope experiences. “With these tutors, I realise they have time,” she said, “I think they are very patient with these younger kids, which I do not even have as a mother. I have patience for other things, but I don’t have patience for teaching.”What makes the TutorScope effort special is the connection between the teenage volunteers and the other students they are helping. Although the pandemic has forced many students to look inward, Goyal said that working with others on a big project had permitted her to look outward.“My confidence level has increased,” Goyal said. She added that she has made friends with other students from her school. She said one of the best things about running a growing non-profit programme is that it does help with the boredom of being stuck at home.5.What did Goyal do last year?A.She helped her classmates at school.B.She got active in fighting a disease.C.She offered online classes to students.D.She went to another country for help.6.What’s the purpose of TutorScope?A.To give online help.B.To make profits.C.To make friends.D.To choose volunteers.7.What’s Sarah Newman’s attitude towards the programme?A.Favourable.B.Tolerant.C.Skeptical.D.Critical.8.What can we learn from Goyal’s success?A.Putting the cart before the horse.B.A friend in need is a friend indeed.C.No man can do two things at once.D.Helping others will benefit oneself.C(2021·安徽安庆高三二模)Online education has grown fast over the past ten years. The explosion of technology has made teaching outside the traditional classroom possible for teachers and has provided learners with easy access to course materials.In April, 2005, I was approached by a student who was interested in our doctoral programme. However, the first question out of her mouth was,“Do you offer any online courses?” Later that day, as I was reading the conference programme guide trying for interesting presentations, I noticed many workshops on web-based learning and online education. I later attended two of those workshops and met several professors from different universities who had either taught online courses for quite some time or who were discovering the best practice for teaching online. These experiences helped me realise at least to some extent the degree of growth in online education.I made several attempts to enrich my knowledge of distance learning and online teaching. I consulted with my colleagues who were teaching online courses. This helped me recognise the importance of getting materials prepared even before the start of a term. I also learned that online courses may consume more time than regular classroom teaching. And I attended several workshops regarding online education and established a network with those who were involved in online programmes at other universities. I will consider these people as my consultants as I begin to design my own online course. Also, I conducted a brief survey with 15 students and two staff members who had taken or taught an online course before to understand their experience. Eventually I completed a literature review which gave me the foundation and the background of understanding the need for online education.9.Why did the author take a student for example?A.To show students’ love for the doctoral programme.B.To persuade learners of traditional education.C.To explain the growing trend of online education.D.To predict the future of the teaching career.10.What caused the author to know more about online education?A.The appetite for knowledge.B.The professional responsibilities.C.The requirement of research.D.The colleagues’ encouragement.11.What is the author’s attitude to online education?A.Carefree.B.Doubtful.C.Supportive.D.Unwilling.考点分类练(四)推理判断题——观点态度类【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。
高考语文论述类文本阅读考点训练：分析概括观点、态度
1．鲁迅在“五四”时期写过杂文《娜拉走后怎样》，找来读一读，看看鲁迅持怎样的观点，你是否认同。
【相关链接】娜拉走后怎样——一九二三年十二月二十六日在北京女子高等师范学校文艺会讲鲁迅我今天要讲的是“娜拉走后怎样？”伊孛生是十九世纪后半的瑙威的一个文人。
他的著作，除了几十首诗之外，其余都是剧本。
这些剧本里面，有一时期是大抵含有社会问题的，世间也称作“社会剧”，其中有一篇就是《娜拉》。
《娜拉》一名E in P uppenheim，中国译作《傀儡家庭》。
但P uppe不单是牵线的傀儡，孩子抱着玩的人形也是；引申开去，别人怎么指挥，他便怎么做的人也是。
娜拉当初是满足地生活在所谓幸福的家庭里的，但是她竟觉悟了：自己是丈夫的傀儡，孩子们又是她的傀儡。
她于是走了，只听得关门声，接着就是闭幕。
这想来大家都知道，不必细说了。
娜拉要怎样才不走呢？或者说伊孛生自己有解答，就是D ie F rau vom M eer，《海的女人》，中国有人译作《海上夫人》的。
这女人是已经结婚的了，然而先前有一个爱人在海的彼岸，一日突然寻来，叫她一同去。
她便告知她的丈夫，要和那外来人会面。
临末，她的丈夫说，“现在放你完全自由。
（走与不走）你能够自己选择，并且还要自己负责任。
”于是什么事全都改变，她就不走了。
这样看来，娜拉倘也得到这样的自由，或者也便可以安住。
但娜拉毕竟是走了的。
走了以后怎样？伊孛生并无解答；而且他已经死了。
即使不死，他也不负解答的责任。
因为伊孛生是在做诗，不是为社会提出问题来而且代为解答。
就如黄莺一样，因为他自己要歌唱，所以他歌唱，不是要唱给人们听得有趣，有益。
伊孛生是很不通世故的，相传在许多妇女们一同招待他的筵宴上，代表者起来致谢他作了《傀儡家庭》，将女性的自觉，解放这些事，给人心以新的启示的时候，他却答道，“我写那篇却并不是这意思，我不过是做诗。
”娜拉走后怎样？——别人可是也发表过意见的。
一个英国人曾作一篇戏剧，说一个新式的女子走出家庭，再也没有路走，终于堕落，进了妓院了。
2024届高考考点“阅读中观点理解与分析”示例与训练
2024届高考考点“阅读中观点理解与分析”示例与训练一、考题示例与命题走势命题从文本中找出内容，分别排列。
方式阐述示例之江轩《不让冷门绝学成“绝响”》——根据材料列出主要观点文本阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
前不久，2023年度国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项立项名单公布，95个项目入选。
这一动作引发关注，“冷门绝学”这一表述更是让人不由联想到武侠小说里的“秘籍绝技”。
其实从2018年起，我国就设立了“国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项”，2020年又增设冷门绝学团队项目，旨在抢救、整理、发掘和强化那些濒临消亡、研究薄弱，但具有文化传承价值与重要学术意义的特色学科。
套用生物界的说法，冷门绝学相当于“珍稀濒危物种”。
从学科领域看，冷门绝学涵盖甲骨学、简牍学、敦煌学、古文字学等。
比如甲骨学，主要研究我国上古时期甲骨文字。
作为我国最早的成系统文字，甲骨文是研究商周文化的第一手材料，可据以追索殷商时期的社会生活情况。
从甲骨文发现至今120多年来，已发现的甲骨文单字4000余个，比较好认的字陆续被认出，但也只有1500个左右。
中国文字博物馆曾发布“悬赏公告”：破译未释读甲骨文，单字奖励10万元；对存争议甲骨文作出新的释读，单字奖励5万元。
然而这份“悬赏令”，却鲜有人揭榜成功，其中艰难可见一斑。
有学者指出，冷门绝学之所以冷门，并不在于其学术生命力的枯竭，而是其与现实生活之间的关系较为疏离。
可以说，冷门绝学绝非无关紧要的“一笔”，而是“重要伏笔”。
冷门绝学也是济世之学。
习近平总书记强调，“要重视发展具有重要文化价值和传承意义的‘绝学’、冷门学科。
这些学科看上去同现实距离较远，但养兵千日、用兵一时，需要时也要拿得出来、用得上。
”保护冷门绝学就是在保护文化多样性，因为我们不知道哪块云彩有雨。
比如，拯救了无数人的青蒿素是屠呦呦团队从东晋葛洪《肘后备急方》等古籍中获得的灵感，而出土医学文献文物研究是典型的冷门绝学，中医古籍卷帙浩繁、晦涩难懂，研究者们在旧纸堆里苦苦寻觅，不仅要掌握医学知识，还要打破学术壁垒。
(4)言语——态度观点题讲解
【例3】（2013·山东）考试技术有先进和落后之分，但 高校招考制度很难说有先进和落后之分。1993年，学者 研究指出：考试制度与各国的国家教育制度及社会情况 密切相关，有些国家的考试制度具有高度持久性，而且 不易改变；有些国家的考试制度则正在经历实质、甚至 快速的改制。此外，各国考试制度的改革方向也不尽相 同。这段文字体现了作者怎样的观点?( )
A.语言的平民化应成为媒体的主流
B.网络热词可以在更大范围内使用 C.规范的语言禁锢了人们的思想 D.语言应该与时俱进
【解析】根据“描述主义者，认为我们只能讨论语 言当前的用法”及“描述主义者认为，正确的规 范是一种强制性的规则，语言是人类创造性的有 机活动，人们应该有高兴怎么写就怎么写的自由” 可知，描述主义者反对语言的规范，认为人应该 有使用语言的自由，表达倾向一致的是C项。
例52013天津一直以来公立医院15药品加成政策已被固化为以药养医顽疾甚至滋生出以药腐医乱象取消以药养医成为新医改的重头戏之一国务院出台的十二五医改意见已经明确取消药品加成政策之后将公立医院补偿由服务收费药品加成收入和财政补助三个渠道改为服务收费和财政补助两个渠道
2015年青海省考公务员行测专项
片段阅读——态度理解题
对学校将学生区分为优生、差生这样的做法，作者的态度 是（ ）。
A.有所质疑 B.完全否定 C.不置可否 D.基本赞同
高考英语阅读理解之观点态度题习题+讲义
阅读理解之观点态度题一．观点态度题常见的设题形式：1.What is the author’s attitude towards/to ...?2.Which word best describes the author’s attitude to ...?3.How does the author feel about ...?4.What is the author’s opinion on/about ...?5.What does the author think of ...?6.How does the author sound when telling the story?二．常见有关作者情感态度的词语：（1）表示支持或肯定：Positive 积极乐观的；Supportive 支持的；Optimistic 乐观的；Humorous 幽默的；Enthusiastic 热情的；Pleasant 愉快的（2）表示中立：Indifferent 不感兴趣的，莫不关心的；Uninterested 不感兴趣的；Objective 客观的；Neutral 中立的；Not mentioned 未提及的（3）表示反对或否定Disgusted 憎恶的，厌恶的；Critical 批评的；至关重要的，有判断力的；Negative/ pessimistic 否定的，消极的Suspicious/ skeptical/ doubtful 怀疑的Disappointed 失望的；Disapproving 不赞成的；Controversial 有争议的；Conservative 保守的；态度题练习If messages must happen outside of the set communication hours, such as for urgent ortime-sensitive issues, make employees phone or text only. This way people can comfortably close down all other communication channels like email, WeChat, WeCom, etc. The act of having to call or text someone is usually enough to give the sender a pause to think, "Do I really need this person now, or can the communication wait?" This allows everyone on your team to work whenever is appropriate for them, but not feel like they have to work all the time to accommodate everyone else's schedule. A word of "Thanks for being so responsive" to someone answering an email outside of the defined communication hours definitely brings empathy（同理心）, which smooths the urgency while also cultivating the trust and culture.1．What is the author's attitude to the combination of "flex time" and "communication hours"?A．Neutral. B．Supportive. C．Opposed. D．Indifferent.I see people trapped in a pathological (病态的) relationship with time-sucking technology, where they serve technology more than technology serves them. I call this technology servitude. I am referring to a loss of personal freedom and independence because of uncontrolled consumption of many kinds of devices that eat up time and money.2. What’s the author’s attitude towards the overusing of high-tech devices?A. Neutral.B. Skeptical.C. Disapproving.D. Sympathetic.The shed craze makes that outcome more likely. A white-collar worker who has tried to work from the kitchen table for the past nine months might be keen (渴望的) to return to the office. A worker who has a beautiful garden shed with Wi-Fi will be less so. Joel Bird, who builds personalized sheds, is certain that his customers foresee a long-term change in their working habits. “They don’t consider it to be temporary,” he says. “They’re spending too much money.”3. What is Joel Bird’s attitude to the return of post-COVID office jobs?A. Enthusiastic.B. Uncaring.C. Optimistic.D. Pessimistic.Traditionally, improvements in energy efficiency have mostly focused on individual devices, which can be quite fruitful. But focusing on individual devices is like if Apple had spent effort inventing a better alarm clock, a better CD player, a better calendar, and a better camera. Now with an iPhone, we don’t need the standalone(独立运行的) devices at all, because it can function as all of them.4. What does the author think of traditional practices in energy improvements?A. Fruitless.B. Out-of-date.C. Adequate.D. Perfect.Not surprisingly, this great action has made Mary Hardison very famous and also earned hera place in the Guinness World Records where she broke a 2007 record set by a 100-year-old British woman. What an amazing lady!5.How does the author feel about Mary’s action？A. AmazedB. SupportiveC. DoubtfulD. WorriedIn high school, I was still embarrassed and wished we were not so poor, but I loved my mom and the other members of my family and knew we had things to be proud of ...... I am proud to be who I am and proud of where I’m from.6. What is the author’s attitude to his family background?A. Careless.B. Proud.C. Annoyed.D. Disappointed.We expected that field trips wouldn’t harm test scores. However, we never predicted the all-around improvements for students who joined in these field trips, “said Erickson, a researcher in the study.” One potential reason for this is that field rips widen students’ world concepts and introduce them to new ideas. Similarly, students might be more engaged in school thanks to field trips. Students find school more exciting and want to try harder in class.7. What is Erickson’s attitude towards the result of the study?A. Doubtful.B. Negative.C. Disappointed.D. Surprised.One spring afternoon, Mrs. Blackstone asked me to stay after class. “I’d like to speak with you, Amanda.” My mind raced. Had I made a bad grade? Had I hurt someone’s feelings?8. How did the author feel when she was asked to stay behind one afternoon?A. Bored.B. Excited.C. Surprised.D. Anxious.The study authors suggest that companies who benefit from the use of these images should set aside a small percentage of their profits for protection efforts and informational campaigns. “That would be not only something fair, but something that could bring a win-win situation for them,” Courchamp says. It could bring them positive public relation, for example. Besides, if a company’s mascot (吉祥物) goes extinct, that could hurt them from a marketing point, Courchamp says. But not enough companies are “truly concerned about the protection of the species that they work on,” he adds.9. What’s Courchamp’s attitude to the companies benefiting from animal images?A. Neutral.B. Supportive.C. Positive.D. Dissatisfied.Additionally, Baker says, because so much time is spent at work, it is a good idea to consider signing up for workplace wellness programs, if offered. “Many companies want to see their employees thrive, so they will offer incentives to help them improve their health, like the My Health Rewards program we are starting at UAB,” Baker said. “Whether it is to improve your energy level,improve mood, combat health conditions and disease, or to be there for your kids, future, there’s always a reason that a resolution was made,” Baker said.10. What’s Baker’s attitude towards the My Health Rewards program?A. Negative.B. Positive.C. Unconcerned.D. Doubtful.【1题详解】推理判断题。
高考语文复习-诗歌鉴赏题专练之观点态度
诗歌鉴赏题专练之观点态度一、分析评价作者的观点态度:（1）要知人论世。
分析作者的观点态度时，要结合作者的生活经历、主要思想倾向以及创作的主要风格来分析。
（2）体悟要深入。
作者写诗歌一般不是单纯地为了叙事、咏物，而是“赋诗言志”，要抒发某种主观感情、人生体验或对家国世事的认识与感悟。
因此，分析评价作者的观点态度时一定要由表及里，透过形象、语言、表达技巧等外在的形式，结合标题、注释、意象等暗示信息，深入体悟诗歌的思想内容和作者的观点态度，这是分析评价作者的观点态度的前提条件。
（3）分析要细致。
第一，要紧扣诗歌的内容。
对诗人的观点态度的评价，必须引用诗歌中的相关语句来具体分析，千万不要脱离诗歌泛泛而谈。
第二，要注意点面结合。
既要有面上的整体把握，也要有点上的细致解剖，避免架空分析。
第三，注意把观点态度的评价和表达技巧的分析结合起来，从内容和形式两个方面一起回答，既要分析表达了什么，也要分析是怎样表达的。
（4）归纳要全面。
有的作者要表达的情感不是单一的，考生在分析概括时要理清思路，把握要点，逐一分析，不能遗漏信息或以偏概全。
（5）评价要恰当。
一是避免先入为主，用固有的认识代替对具体诗歌的解读。
二是要避免没有分寸，不用正确的历史观去分析评价，而是想当然地用自己的眼光去要求古人，结果要么无限拔高，要么片面狭隘。
二、专题练习：（一）阅读下面的诗歌，完成下面小题。
拟古陶渊明其一荣荣窗下兰，密密堂前柳。
初与君别时，不谓行当久。
出门万里客，中道逢嘉友。
未言心相醉，不在接杯酒。
兰枯柳亦衰，遂令此言负。
多谢诸少年，相知不忠厚。
意气倾人命，离隔复何有？1．下列对诗歌的理解和赏析，不正确的一项是（）A．诗歌一、二句连用两组叠字，两个典型意象，既描写出居所环境的优美，也寓指两人之间感情的纯洁和深厚。
B．诗歌三、四句写别离的憧憬，上承一、二句的情感，下与九、十句形成强烈对比，抒发了抒情主人公的伤感。
C．诗歌七、八句通过想象“君”与嘉友不需交谈，也不需借助外物，自然沉醉，侧面表现了“嘉友”的魅力。
(完整版)英语阅读理解推理判断之观点态度题
英语阅读理解推理判断之观点态度题真题感悟：(2018·浙江，C)As cultural symbols go，the American car is quite young.The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago，with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线) on September 27,1908.Only eleven cars were produced the next month.But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.Modern America was born on the road，behind a wheel.The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture：the roadside diner，the billboard，the motel，even the hamburger.For most of the last century，the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds.The road novel，the road movie，these are the most typical American ideas，born of abundant petrol，cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system，the largest public works project in history.In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then，this society has moved onward，never looking back，as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.The problems of excessive(过度的) energy consumption，climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L．Friedman.He fears the worst，but hopes for the best.Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American strength.“The ability to design，build and export green technologies for producing clean water，clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”30．What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?A．Ambiguous. B．Doubtful.C．Hopeful. D．Tolerant.一、题型解读所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。
阅读理解中的作者观点题解析及练习
阅读理解中的作者观点题解析及练习阅读理解是英语考试中常见的题型之一，而作者观点题则是阅读理解中的一种常见形式。
作者观点题主要考察考生对文章的理解和归纳能力，需要准确理解作者的观点并进行推理和判断。
本文将对作者观点题进行解析，并提供一些练习题供读者练习。
一、作者观点题解析作者观点题常常出现在阅读理解的题组中，要求考生根据文章的内容判断作者对某个问题或者观点的态度和看法。
解答这种题型需要考生综合考虑文章的表述方式、语气、论点和论据等因素，辨别出作者的主观态度和观点。
在解答作者观点题时，首先需要仔细阅读整篇文章，理解文章的中心思想和主旨，抓住作者要表达的核心观点。
一般来说，作者的观点可以通过以下几种方式进行暗示：1.明确陈述：有些文章中，作者会明确陈述自己的观点或者态度。
在这种情况下，定位观点相对容易，只需要在文章中找到作者的明确表述即可。
2.论述方式：有些文章采用辩论或对比的方式来引出作者的观点。
在这种情况下，需要注意作者在文章中的论证方式和论点，通过推理和细节判断出作者的观点。
3.修辞手法：作者在表达观点的过程中，常常会使用各种修辞手法来加强表达效果。
例如夸张、反问、比喻等手法，通过分析文章中的修辞手法，可以理解作者的观点。
4.观点反转：有时候，作者会对某个观点进行驳斥或质疑，然后再表达出自己的观点。
在这种情况下，需要仔细分辨作者对不同观点的态度，找出作者真正支持的观点。
二、作者观点题练习1.阅读下面这篇短文，并回答问题：Recently, there has been a heated debate about whether students should be allowed to use smartphones in classrooms. Some argue that smartphones can be a distraction and disrupt the learning environment, while others believe that smartphones can enhance students' learning experience. In my opinion, smartphones should be banned in classrooms.What is the author's opinion about allowing students to use smartphones in classrooms?A. The author believes that smartphones can enhance students' learning experience.B. The author thinks that smartphones are a distraction and disrupt the learning environment.C. The author suggests that smartphones should only be used for educational purposes.D. The author does not have a clear opinion on the matter.答案：B. The author thinks that smartphones are a distraction and disrupt the learning environment.解析：根据文章最后一句"In my opinion, smartphones should be banned in classrooms."可以得出作者认为智能手机会分散注意力，干扰学习环境。
高三-专题5阅读理解专题之-观点态度题
2019年秋期教案【解析】38.D 观点态度。
根据最后一段提到so it was a surprise when it came back to me the next day—with an “A”当我看到作业上A时，非常的吃惊，史密斯小姐对我的态度是令人鼓励的，故选D项。
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和朋友们想做点好事，所以他们决定去停车场免费擦车以及作者对这件事的感悟。
1.推理判断题。
根据第二段中的“Every once in a while，someone would come by and asked us seemingly stupid men”及“But our response was often me with an even more confused look”可知，路人问作者为何这么做，作者的回答又让他们一脸困惑，由此可知，路人对作者的行为既好奇又不解，故A项正确。
2.细节理解题。
根据第二段中的“We explained we just wanted to do something kind”可知，作者决定擦车是为了做点好事，故B项正确。
3.细节理解题。
根据第一段中的“First one friend then two，and by the time we had cleaned the entire lot，we had an enti re car washing crew with independent individually assigned tasks and duties”可知，当完成全部工作的时候，作者他们已经有了一个独立的洗车小组，各司其职，由此可知，作者是和朋友一起完成擦车工作的，故B项正确。
4.推理判断题。
根据第一中的“Rain is a rare occurren ce in LA，so cars easily collect pollutants and dust”可知，洛杉矶很少下雨，所以汽车很容易沾上污物和灰尘，由此可知，作者所居住的城市很少下雨，故A项正确。
高考英语(全国通用)：阅读理解(14)观点态度和写作意图题
高考英语阅读理解专题训练ATurning the lights out or wearing a blindfold while eating could be a quick way to lose weight，according to scientists.The simple trick works because it stops diners eating for pleasure rather than for calories.It also triggers(引发) a part of the brain that is worried that unseen food may go bad.An experiment by the University of Konstanz，in Germany，found that people who were blindfolded consumed nine percent fewer calories before they felt full，compared to those who could see.They also vastly overestimated how much they had eaten because they could not see how much was left on the plate.Blindfolded volunteers estimated they had eaten 88 percent more than they actually had.Scientists believe that not seeing food on the table also allows the body to know when it is full in real time rather than remembering past experiences where it might have taken a full plate to feel full.In the experiment,50 people were blindfolded and 40 were allowed to see their food.All were told not to eat within two hours of the experiment.They were then given three 95g bowls of chocolate ice cream and invited to eat for 15 minutes.Their bowls were taken away and the remaining ice-cream weighed，while the participants were quizzed on how much they thought they had eaten.On average the group who could see ate 116g while the blindfolded groups ate 105g.However，the blindfolded group believed they had eaten 197g while compared with 159g for the non-blind volunteers.They were also asked how pleasant the ice-cream tasted and the blindfolded group rated lower than those who could see.“The experienced pleasure of eating was significantly lower in the blindfolded group.Not seeing the food might have decreased the appetite.Sight plays an important role in the eating experience and in the overall dining experience.”Previous studies have shown that the visual influence of food plays a large part in the taste.While restaurants that allow diners to eat in the dark state that it triggers other senses，in fact eating in the darkness is likely to taste far milder than usual.1．With the lights out，diners eat less partly because .A．they want to finish their meals quicklyB．they trust their feelings more than everC．they focus more on fun than the caloriesD．they worry about the quality of the food答案 D解析细节理解题。
高考英语阅读-观点态度题
高考英语阅读-观点态度题(总9页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--观点态度题典题示例第1招：辨别文体、捕捉反映行文基调的词语阅读理解Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which have powerful effects on our minds and feelings. This clever use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can express his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use then correctly, or they will make our speech silly and common.the last paragraph, what does the author suggest that we should do?A. Use words skillfullyB. Associate with listenersC. Make musical speechesD. Learn poems by heart第2招：利用人名或组织机构名称进行定位阅读理解… Surprisingly, the man responsible for one of the most progressive green-design competitions has doubts about ideas of eco-friendly buildings. “I don't believe in the new green religion,” Gerner says.” Gerner says. “Some of the building t echnologies that you get are impractical. I'm interested in those that work.” But he wouldn't mind if some green features inspire students. He says he hopes to set up green energy systems that allow them to learn about the process of harvesting wind and so lar power. “You never know what's going to start the interest of a child to study math and science,” he says.does Gerner think of the ideas of green schools?A. They are out of date.B. They are questionable.C. They are practical.D. They are advanced.第3招：结合所举例子进行判断阅读理解For New Yorkers, talking about other parts of the world means Brooklyn and Queens in New York. But at Mallery's, when I said that I had been to Myanmar recently, people knew where it was. In New York people would think it was a usual new club.is the author's opinion of some New Yorkers from her experience?A. . . . Self-centered.第4招：结合文章主题综合推断阅读理解Our best hope in keeping our best reporters, copy editors, photographers, artists — everyone — is to work harder to make sure they get the help they are demanding to reach their potential. If we can't do it, they'll find someone who can.letter aims to remind editors that they should ______.A. give more freedom to their reportersB. keep their best reporters at all costsC. be aware of their reporters' professional developmentD. appreciate their reporters' working styles and attitudes即讲即练阅读理解1Few laws are so effective that you can see results just days after they take effect. But in the nine days since the federal cigarette tax more than doubled — to $ per pack — smokers have jammed telephone “quit lines” across the country seeking to ki ck the habit.This is not a surprise to public health advocates. They've studied the effect of state tax increases for years, finding that smokers, especially teens, are price sensitive. Nor is it a shock to the industry, which fiercely fights every tax increase.The only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message. Tobacco taxes improve public health, they raise money and most particularly, they deter people from taking up the habit as teens, which is when nearly all smokers are addicted. Yet the rate of taxation varies widely.In Manhattan, for instance, which has the highest tax in the nation, a pack of Marlboro Light Kings cost $ at one drugstore Wednesday. In Charleston, ., where the 7-cent-a-pack tax is the lowest in the nation, the price was $.The influence is obvious.In New York, high school smoking hit a new low in the latest surveys — %, far below the national average. By comparison, 26% of high school students smoke in Kentucky. Other low-tax states have similarly depressing teen-smoking records. Hal Rogers, Representative from Kentucky, like those who are against high tobacco taxes, argues that the burden of the tax falls on low-income Americans “who choose to smoke.” That's true. But there is more reason in keeping future generations of low-income workers from getting hooked in the first place. As for today's adults, if the new tax drives them to quit, they will have more to spend on their families, cut their risk of cancer and heart disease and feel better. text is mainly about ______.A. the effect of tobacco tax increaseB. the price of cigarettesC. the rate of teen smokingD. the differences in tobacco tax rate underlined word "deter" in Paragraph 3 most probably means ______.A. benefitB. freeC. discourageD. remove' attitude towards the low-income smokers might be that of ______.A. doubtB. sympathyC. unconcernD. tolerancecan we learn from the last paragraphA. Adults will depend more on their families.B. The new tax will be beneficial in the long run.C. Future generations will be hooked on smoking.D. Low-income Americans are more likely to fall ill.阅读理解2All too often, a choice that seems sustainable (可持续的) turns out on closer examination to be problematic. Probably the best example is the rush to produce ethanol (乙醇) for fuel from corn . Corn is a renewable resource — you can harvest it and grow more, almost limitlessly. So replacing gas with corn ethanol seems like a great idea.One might get a bit more energy out of the ethanol than that used to make it, which could still make ethanol more sustainable than gas generally, but that's not the end of the problem. Using corn to make ethanol means less corn is left to feed animals and people, which drives up the cost of food. That result leads to turning the fallow land — including, in some cases, rain forest in places such as Brazil — into farmland, which in turn gives off lots of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the air. Finally, over many years, the energy benefit from burning ethanol would make up for the forest loss. But by then, climate change would have progressed so far that it might not help. You cannot really declare any practice “sustainable” until you have done a complete lift-cycle analysis of its environmental (环境的) costs. Even then, technology and public policy keep developing, and that development can lead to unforeseen and undesired results. The admirable goal of living sustainable requires plenty of thought on an ongoing basis.underline word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “______”.A. the forest lossB. burning ethanolC. climate changeD. the energy benefitauthor thinks that replacing gas with corn ethanol is ______.A. uselessB. ImpracticalC. AcceptableD. admirabledoes the author mainly discuss in the text?A. Technology.B. Environmental protection.C. Ethanol energy.D. Sustainability.阅读理解3While all my classmates seen to be crazy about a one-way ticket to Mars (火星), I'd rather say Mars is totally unsuitable for human existence. People won't have enough food supplies there, and the terrible environment would make it impossible for them to live a long life .Besides, the journey won't be safe. Can anybody explain to me just why people would go to Mars, never to return?Steve Minear, UKHere are the things you can think of: the desire to explore a foreign and unique environment, the excitement of being the first humans to open up a new world, the expectation of fame and glory… For scientists there is another reason. Their observations and research will probably lead to great scientific achievements.Donal Trollop, CanadaThere are already too many people on the Earth. I think that sometime before the end of the century, there will be a human colony (殖民地) on Mars. It will happen when people finally realize that two-way trips to the red planet Mars are unnecessary. Most of the danger of space flight is in the launches (发射) and landings. Cutting the trip home would therefore reduce the danger of accidents, save a lot of money, and open the way to building an everlasting human settlement on another world.Enough supplies can be sent on ahead. And every two years more supplies and more people will be sent to the new colony. Mars has all the materials for a colony to produce or make everything it needs, and Mars is far more pleasant than the other planets in the outer space.Paul Davies, USAmain purpose of Steve Minear's writing is ______.A. to show his agreement on going to MarsB. to invite an answer to his questionC. to report his classmates' discussionD. to explain the natural state of Marsof the following best states Donal Trollop's idea?A. It is possible to build an Earth-like environment on Mars.B. There are many reasons for going to Mars.C. There is a plan to send humans to Mars.D. Scientists become famous by doing research on Mars.does Paul Davies think of human existence on Mars?A. Humans will find Mars totally unsuitable for living.B. Humans will have to bring all they need from the Earth.C. Humans can produce everything they need.D. Humans can live longer in the colony on Mars.阅读理解4It was the summer of 1965. DeLuca, then 17, visited Peter Buck, a family friend. Buck asked DeLuca about his plans for the future. “I'm going to college, but I need a way to pay for it,” DeLuca recalls saying. “Buck said, ‘You should open a sandwich shop.'” That afternoon, they agreed to be partners. And they set a goal: to open 32 stores in ten years. After doing some research, Buck wrote a check for $1 000. DeLuca rented a storefront (店面) in Connecticut, and when they couldn't cover their start-up costs, Buck kicked in another $1 000. But business didn't go smoothly as they expected. DeLuca says, “After six months, we were doing poorly, but we didn't know how badly, because we didn't have any financial controls.” All he and Buck knew was that their sales were lower than their costs. DeLuca was managing the store and going to the University of Bridgeport at the same time. Buck was working at his day job as a nuclear physicist in New York. They'd meet Monday evenings and brainstorm ideas for keeping the business running. “We convinced ourselves to open a second store. We figured we could tell the public, ‘We are so successful, we are opening a second store.'” And they did — in the spring of 1966. Still, it was a lot of learning by trial and error. But the partners' learn-as-you-go approach turned out to be their greatest strength. Every Friday, DeLuca would drive around and hand-deliver the checks to pay their suppliers. “It probably took me two and a half hours and it wasn't necessary, but as a result, the suppliers got to know me very well, and the personal relationships established really helped out,” DeLuca says. And having a goal w as also important. “There are so many problems that can get you down. You just have to keep working toward your goal,” DeLuca adds. DeLuca ended up founding Subway Sandwich, the multimillion-dollar restaurant chain.of the following is true of Buck?A. He was studying at the University of Bridgeport.B. He was a professor of business administration.C. He put money into the sandwich business.D. He rented a storefront for DeLuca.can we learn about their first shop?A. It stood at an unfavorable place.B. It lowered the prices to promote sales.C. It lacked control over the quality of sandwiches.D. It made no profits due to poor management.contributes most to their success according to the author?A. Learning by trial and error.B. Making friends with suppliers.C. Finding a good partner.D. Opening chain stores.阅读理解5Over the last 70 years, researchers have been studying happy and unhappy people and finally found out ten factors that make a difference. Our feelings of well-being at any moment are determined to a certain degree by genes. However, of all the factors, wealth and age are the top two. Money can buy a degree of happiness. But once you can afford to feed, clothe and house yourself, each extra dollar makes less and less difference. Researchers find that, on average, wealthier people are happier. But the link between money and happiness is complex. In the past half-century, average income has sharply increased in developed countries, yet happiness levels have remained almost the same. Once your basic needs are met, money only seems to increase happiness if you have more than your friends, neighbors and colleagues. “Dollars buy status, and status makes people feel better,” conclude some experts, which helps explain why people who can seek status in other ways — scientists or actors, for example —may happily accept relatively poorly-paid jobs. In a research, Professor Alex Michalos found that the people whose desires — not just for money, but for friends, family, job, health — rose furthest beyond what they already had, tended to be less happy than those who felt a smaller gap (差距). Indeed, the size of the gap predicted happiness about five times better than income alone. “The gap measures just blow away the only measures of income.” says Michalos. Another factor that has to do with happiness is age. Old age may not be so bad “Given all the problems of aging, how could the elderly be more satisfied” asks Professor Laura Carstensen. In one survey, Carstensen interviewed 184 people between the ages of 18 and 94, and asked them to fill out an emotions questionnaire. She found that old people reported positive emotions just as often as young people, but negative emotions much lessoften. Why are old people happier Some scientists suggest older people may expect life to be harder and learn to live with it, or they're more realistic about their goals, only setting ones that they know they can achieve. But Carstensen thinks that with time running out, older people have learned to focus on things that make them happy and let go of those that don't. “People realize not only what they have, but also that what they have cannot last forever,” she says. “A goodbye kiss to a husband or wife at the age of 85, for example, may bring far more complex emotional responses than a similar kiss to a boy or girl friend at the age of 20.”to the passage, the feeling of happiness ______.A. has little to do with wealthB. increases gradually with ageC. is determined partly by genesD. is measured by desiresactors would like to accept poorly-paid jobs because the jobs ______.A. make them feel much betterB. provide chances to make friendsC. improve their social positionD. satisfy their professional interestspeople are more likely to feel happy because they are more ______.A. optimisticB. PracticalC. SuccessfulD. emotionalAlex Michalos found that people feel less happy if ______.A. they have a stronger desire for friendshipB. the hope for good health is greaterC. their income is below their expectationD. the gap between reality and desire is bigger阅读理解6One of our biggest fears nowadays is that our kids might some day get lost in a “sea of technology” rather than experiencing the natural world. Fear-producing TV and computer games are leading to a serious disconnect between kids and the great outdoors, which will change the wild places of the world, its creatures and human health for the worse, unless adults get working on child's play.Each of us has a place in nature we go sometimes, even if it was torn down. We cannot be the last generation to have that place. At this rate, kids who miss the sense of wonder outdoors will not grow up to be protectors of natural landscapes. “If the decline in parks use cont inues across North America, who will defend parks against encroachment (蚕食)” asks Richard Louv, author of Last Child in the Woods. Without having a nature experience, kids can turn out just fine, but they are missing out a huge enrichment of their lives. That applies to everything from their physical health and mental health, to stress level, creativity and cognitive (认知的) skills. Experts predict modern kids will have poor health than their parents — and they say a lack of outside play is surely part of it; research suggests that kids do better academically in schools with a nature component and that play in nature fosters (培养) leadership by the smartest, not by the toughest. Even a tiny outdoor experience can create wonder in a child. The three-year-old turning over his first rock realizes he is not alone in the world. A clump of trees on the roadside can be the whole universe in his eyes. We really need to value that more. Kids are not to blame. They are over-protected and frightened. It is dangerous out there from time to time, but repetitive stress from computers is replacing breaking an arm as a childhood rite (仪式) of passage. Everyone, from developers, to schools and outdoorsy citizens, should help regain for our kids some of the freedom and joy of exploring, taking friendship in fields and woods that cement (增强) love, respect and need for the landscape. As present, we should devote some of our energies to taking our kids into nature. This could yet be our greatest cause.main idea of Paragraph 2 is that ______.A. parks are in danger of being gradually encroachedB. Richard Louv is the author of Last Child in the WoodsC. children are expected to develop into protectors of natureD. kids are missing the sense of wonder outdoorsto the author, children's breaking an arm is ______.A. the fault on the part of their parentsB. the natural experience in their growing-upC. the results of their own carelessness in playD. the effect of their repetitive stress from computerswriting this passage, the author mainly intends to ______.A. encourage children to protect parks from encroachmentB. show his concern about children's lack of experience in natureC. blame children for getting lost in computer gamesD. inspire children to keep the sense of wonder about things around阅读理解7Throughout the history of the arts, the nature of creativity has remained constant to artists. No matter what objects they select, artists are to bring forth new forces and forms that cause change — to find poetry where no one has ever seen or experienced it before. Landscape (风景) is another unchanging element of art. It can be found from ancient times through the 17th-century Dutch painters to the 19th-century romanticists and impressionists. In the 1970s Alfred Leslie, one of the new American realists, continued this practice. Leslie sought out the same place where Thomas Cole, a romanticist, had produced paintings of the same scene a century and a half before. Unlike Cole who insists on a feeling of loneliness and the idea of finding peace in nature, Leslie paints what he actually sees. In his paintings, there is no particular change in emotion, and he includes ordinary things like the highway in the background. He also takes advantage of the latest developments of color photography (摄影术) to help both the eye and the memory when he improves his painting back in his workroom. Besides, all art begs the age-old question: What is real Each generation of artists has shown their understanding of reality in one form or another. The impressionists saw reality in brief emotional effects, the realists in everyday subjects and in forest scenes, and the Cro-Magnon cave people in their naturalistic drawings of the animals in the ancient forests. To sum up, understanding reality is a necessary struggle for artists of all periods. Over thousands of years the function of the arts has remained relatively constant. Past or present, Eastern or Western, the arts are a basic part of our immediate experience. Many and different are the faces of art, and together they express the basic need and hope of human beings. underlined word “poetry” most probably means ______.A. an object for artistic creationB. a natural sceneC. a collection of poemsD. an unusual qualityis the author's opinion of artistic reality?A. It is expressed in a fixed artistic form.B. It will not be found in future works of art.C. It does not have a long-lasting standard.D. It is lacking in modern works of art.does the author suggest about the arts in the last paragraph?A. They are considered important for variety in form.B. They express people's curiosity about the past.C. They make people interested in everyday experience.D. They are regarded as a mirror of the human situation.of the following is the main topic of the passage?A. Basic questions of the arts.B. Use of modern technology in the arts.C. New developments in the arts.D. History of the arts.阅读理解8Hunting The days of the hunter are almost over in India. This is partly because there is practically nothing left to kill, and partly because some steps have been taken, mainly by banning tiger-shooting, to protect those animals which still survive. Some people say that Man is naturally a hunter. I disagree with this view. Surely out earliest forefathers, who at first possessed no weapons, spent their time digging for roots, and were no doubt themselves often hunted by meat-eating animals. I believethe main reason why the modern hunter kills is that he thinks people will admire his courage in overpowering dangerous animals. Of course, there are some who truly believe that the killing is not really the important thing, and that the chief pleasure lies in the joy of the hunt and the beauties of the wild countryside. There are also those for whom hunting in fact offers a chance to prove themselves and risk death by design; these men go out after dangerous animals like tigers, even if they say they only do it to rid the countryside of a threat. I can respect reasons like these, but they are clearly different from the need to strengthen your high opinion of yourself. The greatest big-game hunters expressed in their writings something of these finer motives (动机). One of them wrote. “You must properly respect what you are after and shoot it cleanly and on the animal's own territory (领地). You must fix forever in your mind all the wonders of that particular day. This is better than letting him grow a few years older to be attacked and wounded by his own son and eventually eaten, half alive, by other animals. Hunting is not a cruel and senseless killing — not if you respect the thing you kill, not if you kill to enrich your memories, not if you kill to feed your people.” I can understand such beliefs, and can compare these hunters with those who hunted lions with spears (矛) and bravely caught them by the tail. But this is very different from many tiger- shoots I have seen, in which modern weapons were used. The so-called hunters fired from tall trees or from the backs of trained elephants. Such methods made tigers seem no more dangerous than rabbits.is the author's view on the tiger-shoots he has seen?A. Modern hunters should use more advanced weapons.B. Modern hunters should put their safety first.C. Modern hunters like to hunt rabbits instead of tigers.D. Modern hunters lack the courage to hunt face-to-face.。
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高考考纲中对考生阅读理解部分的要求如下：（1）理解主旨和要义（2）理解文中具体信息（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度（5）理解文章的基本结构对应有（1）主旨大意题（2）细节与推理判断题（3）词义猜测提（4）观点态度题（5）篇章结构题五种基本的阅读理解题型。
今天我们要讲的就是五种基本题型之一的观点态度题例一、 [2009年陕西卷]“Old wives’ tales” are beliefs passed down from one generation to another. For example, most of us remember our parents’ telling us to eat more of certain foods or not to do certain things. Is there any truth in these teachings? Some of them agree with present medical thinking, but others have not passed the test of time.Did your mother ever tell you to eat your carrots because they are good for your eyes? Scientists now report that eating carrots can help prevent a serious eye disease called macular degeneration….Even though scie nce can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs don’t hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives’ tales. After all, much of this knowledge has been accumulated from thousands of years of experience in family health care. …54. What is the author’s attitude toward “old wives’ tales” in the text?A. SubjectiveB. ObjectiveC. DissatisfiedD. Curious例二、The internet will open up new vistas (前景), create the global village—you can make new friends all around the world. That, at least, is what it promised us. The difficulty is that it did not take the human mind into account. The reality is that we cannot keep relationships with more than a limited number of people. No matter how hard the internet tries to put you in communication, its best efforts will be defeated by your mind.The problem is twofold（双重的）. First, there is a limit on the number of people we can hold in mind and have a meaningful relationship with. That number is about 150 and is set by the size of our brain. Second, the quality of your relationships depends on the amount of time you invest （投入）in them. We invest a lot in a small number of people and then distribute what’s left among as many others as we can. The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will decline （减弱）until eventually it dies into “someone I once knew”.This is not, of course, to say that the internet doesn’t serve a socially valuable function. Of course it does. But the question is not that it allows you to increase the size of your social circle to include the rest of the world, but that you can keep your relationships with your existing friends going even though you have to more to the other side of the world. In one sense, that’s a goo d thing. But it also has a disadvantage. If you continue to invest in your old friends even though you can no longer see them, then certainly you aren’t using your time to make new friends where you now live. And I suspect that probably isn’t the best use of your time. Meaningful relationships are about being able to communicate with each other, face to face. The internet will slow down the rate with which relationships end, but it won’t stop that happening eventually.75、What is the author’s attitude towards the use of the internet to strengthen relationships?A. He is uncertain about it.B. He is hopeful of it.C. He approves of it.D. He doubts it.例三、This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best,the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of theconflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things,and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.30、What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?引类问题的几种提问方式(1)What’s the writer’s attitude to …?(2)What’s the tone of the passage?(3)The author’s view is _______(4)The write r’s attitude of .this passage is apparently _________(5)The author’s opinion could be best described as_________(6)Which of the following statements would the author be LEAST /MOST likely to agree with?(7)Which of the following statements indicates the author’s attitude toward ____?推测作者的写作意图时，必须要先了解文章的主题，然后分析作者的论述方法、论述重点和材料的安排。
故事类记叙文的目的通常是娱乐读者；广告类英文文的目的一般是为了推销产品或者服务；议论文的目的是要阐述观点；科普、文化类说明文的目的大多是介绍知识，帮助大家广文博见。
大家做题之前，应先熟悉在考题中常常出现的表示态度的词汇。
表示客观的词：objective, impartial, neutral（中立的），disinterested无私的 unbiased没有偏见的unprejudiced公平的，无偏见的 factual事实的，实际的 informative提供信息的主观的/偏见的：subjective, prejudiced, biased, partial漠不关心：Indifferent, uninterested, carefree, detached, unconcerned困惑、迷茫不知所措的：confused, perplexed, puzzled, ambiguous感情色彩深、程度深：enthusiastic, strong, completely, radical程度较浅，谨慎的：preserved, qualified, tempered, guarded积极意义的：positive肯定的，积极的favorable赞成的，有利的consent赞成，同意supportive 支持的，支援的defensive辩护的，保卫的optimistic乐观的confident自信的，确信的respectful 尊敬的approval赞成，承认sympathetic赞成，支持 humorous幽默的 sober清醒的消极意义的：negative否定的，消极的critical批评的sarcastic（讽刺的）worried焦虑的，担心的pessimistic悲观的apprehensive忧虑的opposed反对的suspicious怀疑的doubtful可疑的，不确定的ironic说反话的，讽刺的disapproval不赞成objection反对，不赞成opposition反对criticism批评，批判 indignant气愤的做观点态度题时要注意：1.注意不要把我们自己的好恶态度糅进其中，不要用带有主观倾向的视角评判作者态度。