初二英语 形容词和副词的比较级

形容词和副词的比较级、最高级讲解形容词比较级和最高级的形式

一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成

二、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式

三、副词比较级和最高级的形式

（一）一般副词

hard→ ha rder →hardest fast→faster →fastest

late→later →latest early→earlier →earliest

（二）特殊副词

well →better →best much →more →most

badly →worse →worst little →less →least

（三）开放类副词

开放类副词即以后缀-ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加-er或-est，而应在副词原形前加more或most。如：

quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly

四、形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法

（一）比较级

1．比较级通常由“形容词(副词)比较级+than+…” 构成，表示在两者中间一方比另一方“更加……”。连词than后可接句子，也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、-ing结构和-ed结构，有时也可省去than。如：

eg: Mary is happier than Jane. （形容词和系词连用）

玛丽比珍妮幸福。

eg: He lives more happily than I. （副词修饰行为动词）

他过得比我幸福。

2．注意than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致。如：

eg: The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than it did for us.

eg: Sound travels faster through water than through air.

3．比较级前还可用much, even, still, a little等词语来修饰，表示“……得多”，“甚至……”，“更……”，“……一些”等意思。如：

eg: Japan is a little larger than Germany.

日本比德国大一点儿。

用“…times + 形容词的比较级+ than…”句式表示倍数；用“表示数量的词+ 比较级”

来表示具体的比较差别。如：

eg: Our room is twice larger than theirs.

我们的房间比他们的大两倍。

eg: He is a head taller than I.

他比我高一头。

4．隐含比较级

1）有时比较级并不一定出现than，这时通过上下文可暗示出。如：

eg: Are you feeling better now?

你现在感觉好些了吗？

2）有些形容词在表示比较的时候，跟“to”而不用“than”。如：

prior to 较早的，较重要的

superior to优越，高于

inferior to 下等的，次的

senior to 年长的，地位高的

junior to年幼的，地位低的，迟的

preferable to 更好的

eg: The task is prior to all others.

这项任务比其他所有的任务都重要。

eg: In maths he felt superior to John.

他觉得自己数学比约翰强。

eg: He is two years senior to me.

他比我大两岁。

eg: Health without riches is preferable to riches without health.

贫穷但健康要比富有却多病更可取。

（二）最高级

1．最高级用于三者以上比较，形容词的结构形式是“定冠词＋形容词最高级＋名词＋表示范围的短语或从句” (如of all, of the three, in the world, that has ever taken place等)。如：eg: Of all of the writers in England, William Shakespeare is the most widely known.

2．副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高级前没有定冠词the。如：eg: He runs fastest of the three.

三个人中他跑得最快。

3．当用介词短语表明形容词最高级的比较范围，作介词宾语的名词或代词与句中的主语属同一类人或物，并把主语包括在内时，用介词of；如不属于同一类人或物，而只说明在某一时间、空间范围内的比较时，用介词in。如：

eg: He is the tallest of the four boys. ( He 与boy属同类)

eg: He is the tallest in our class. ( He与class不属同类)

4．可以用原级，比较级，最高级三种形式来表示最高级的意思。如：

eg: She is the best student in her class.

eg: She is better than any other student in her class.

eg: No other student in her class is better than she.

eg: No other student in her class is as good as she.

五、课后练习题

（一）用适当形式填空

1. Bob is _________ (young) than Fred but ___________ (tall) than Fred.

2. Ying Tian is not as ___________ (tall) as Yong Xian.

3. Almost all the students' faces are the same but Li Deming looks _______ (fat) than

before the holidays,

4.Which is _________ (heavy),a hen or a chicken?

5.-- How _________ (tall) is Sally?

-- She' s 1.55 metres ________ (tall). What about Xiaoling?

-- She' s only 1.40 metres ________ (tall). She is much _______ (short) than Sally.

She is also the _______ (short) girl in the class.

6. He is ______ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _______ (bad) at Chinese and he is the

_________ (bad) at English.

7. Annie says Sally is the ________ (kind) person in the world.

8. He is one of the_________(friendly) people in the class, I think.

9. A dictionary is much _________ (expensive) than a story-book.

10. An orange is a little ______ (big) than an apple, but much ________ (small) than a watermelon.

11. The Changjiang River is the _______ (long) river in China.

12. Sue is a little ________ (beautiful) than her sister.

13. My room is not as _________ (big) as my brother' s.