英文疾病介绍——Hypertension(高血压病)
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英文疾病介绍——Hypertension(高血压病)
Hypertension
高血压病
What Is Hypertension?
➢Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated(提高的).
Pregnancy
慢性肾疾病
Secondary Hypertension
Hyperparathyroidism ([haɪpəpærə'θaɪrɔɪdɪzəm])
避孕丸、节食丸、感 冒药、偏头痛药
birth control pills, diet pills,
cold medications, Migraine([ˈmaɪˌgreɪn])
• Exercise
• Medications:
Diuretics([ˌdaɪju‘retɪk]) (利尿药) Beta-blockers(β-阻断剂)
ACE Inhibitors([ɪn’hɪbɪtə(r)]) (血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂)
ARBs (肾上腺素能受体结合剂)
Calcium Channel Blockers(钙通道阻滞剂)
➢ Anyone can have high blood pressure. Some people are more likely to have high blood pressure including:
• African Americans(more sensitive to salt) • People over age 55 • People with a family history of high blood pressure
高血压病
What Is Hypertension?
➢Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated(提高的).
Pregnancy
慢性肾疾病
Secondary Hypertension
Hyperparathyroidism ([haɪpəpærə'θaɪrɔɪdɪzəm])
避孕丸、节食丸、感 冒药、偏头痛药
birth control pills, diet pills,
cold medications, Migraine([ˈmaɪˌgreɪn])
• Exercise
• Medications:
Diuretics([ˌdaɪju‘retɪk]) (利尿药) Beta-blockers(β-阻断剂)
ACE Inhibitors([ɪn’hɪbɪtə(r)]) (血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂)
ARBs (肾上腺素能受体结合剂)
Calcium Channel Blockers(钙通道阻滞剂)
➢ Anyone can have high blood pressure. Some people are more likely to have high blood pressure including:
• African Americans(more sensitive to salt) • People over age 55 • People with a family history of high blood pressure
【高血压精品英文课件】高血压 Hypertension_
Pathophysiology
Hypertensive Emergency
Failure of normal autoregulatory function Leads to a sharp increase in systemic
vascular resistance Endovascular injury with arteriole necrosis Ischemia, platelet deposition and release of
Epidemiology
Hypertensive Emergency
Estimates are that about 1% of those with hypertension will present with hypertensive emergency each year
That is >500,000 Americans per year Correct and quick diagnosis and
Risk Factors
If >50, systolic BP > 140 is a more concerning risk factor for cardiovascular disease than diastolic BP.
The risk of cardiovascular disease doubles for every increase in BP of 20/10 over 115/75.
140-159/90-99
Stage II HTN
>160/>100
(Severe HTN
>180/>110)
Severe HTN is not a JNC VII defined entityDefinitions
英文疾病介绍——Hypertension(高血压病)PPT课件
Who is at risk?
➢Your chances of having high blood pressure are higher if you:
• Are overweight • Eat foods high in salt • Do not get regular exercise • Smoke • Drink alcohol heavily • Under Stress,anger,frightened or
Diagnosis
systolic blood
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Classification Of Hypertension
➢Hypertension
Essential Secondary Hypertension Hypertensio ①pr原im发ar性y o高r e血s压sennt继ial发性高血 hype（rte高n血sio压n:病h）igh blood压 pressu➢9rPer0im–war9yito5hr %Esnseontiaol bHyvpei5orte–un1ssio0n % underlying(潜在的,根本的) meBdeicnailgcnause. Malignant ②HSyepceorntednasriyoHn ypHeyrpteenrtseionnsi:on
高血压专业名词
高血压专业名词
高血压（Hypertension）：指血液在血管中流动时对血管壁产生的压力持续高于正常水平。
这通常是由心脏泵血能力增强或血管收缩导致的。
收缩压（Systolic Pressure）：心脏收缩时血液对动脉壁产生的最大压力。
它是血压读数中的第一个数字。
舒张压（Diastolic Pressure）：心脏舒张时血液对动脉壁产生的最低压力。
它是血压读数中的第二个数字。
脉压（Pulse Pressure）：收缩压与舒张压之间的差值，反映了动脉弹性的状况。
良性高血压（Benign Hypertension）：通常与不良生活习惯有关，如高盐饮食、缺乏运动等，通过调整生活方式和药物治疗通常可以控制。
恶性高血压（Malignant Hypertension）：一种罕见且严重的高血压形式，可能导致严重的器官损害，如肾衰竭或中风。
白大衣高血压（White Coat Hypertension）：指仅在医生诊所测量血压时升高，而在其他场合血压正常的情况。
隐匿性高血压（Masked Hypertension）：指诊室血压正常，但家庭自测血压或动态血压监测升高的情况。
继发性高血压（Secondary Hypertension）：由其他疾病或因素引起的高血压，如肾脏疾病、内分泌疾病等。
原发性高血压（Primary Hypertension）：没有明确原因的高血压，通常与遗传、生活方式等因素有关。
了解这些专业名词有助于更好地认识高血压，从而进行有效的预防和治疗。
如有疑虑或症状，请及时就医并遵循医生的建议。
hypertension高血压全英语版-共40页
Classification Of Hypertension
ØPrimary or Essential Hypertension 原发性高血压 high blood pressure with no obvious underlying（潜
在的，根本的） medical cause.
90-95% ØSecondary Hypertension 继发性高血压
Cause and Pathogenesis
Cause and Pathogenesis
Cause and Pathogenesis
---Inherited genetic factors
➢ About half of patients have family history of hypertension, they were born to have higher risk to suffer hypertension.
Signs And Symptoms
✓ Most of the time, there are no symptoms.
✓ About one out of every 100 (1%) people with hypertension is diagnosed with severe high blood pressure (accelerated or malignant hypertension) at their first visit to the doctor.
Diagnosis of Hypertension
systolic blood pressure≤120 diastolic blood pressure ≤ 80
Both of them
【高血压精品英文课件】高血压 Hypertension
Definitions
Hypertensive Emergency
Acute, rapidly evolving end-organ damage associated with HTN (usu. DBP > 120)
BP should be controlled within hours and requires admission to a critical care setting
Take a good history
History of HTN and previous control Medications with dosage and compliance Illicit drug use, OTC drugs
Diagnosis and Recognition
Physical
Confirm BP in more than one extremity Ensure appropriate cuff size Pulses in all extremities Lung exam—look for pulmonary edema Cardiac—murmurs or gallops, angina, EKG Renal—renal artery bruit, hematuria Neurologic—focal deficits, HA, altered MS Fundoscopic exam—retinopathy, hemorrhage
That is >500,000 Americans per year Correct and quick diagnosis and
management is critical
Mortality rate of up to 90%
【高血压精品英文课件】Hypertension
Kieran McGlade Nov 2001
Investigation of the New Hypertensive
• History and examination • Exclude secondary Hypertension • Urea and electrolytes • FBP and ESR • ECG • Lipid profile
disease. • Mild – moderate renal dysfunction. • Sudden onset pulmonary oedema.
Kieran McGlade Nov 2001
Ladder Approach
• Bendrofluazide • Bendrofluazide + Atenolol or ACE • Calcium Channel blocker • Alpha blocker
• Phaeochomocytoma • Cusings syndrome • Conn’s syndrome • Acromegaly and hypothyroidism
– Coarctation of the aorta – Iatrogenic
• Hormonal / oral contraceptive • NSAIDs
• Chest x-ray no longer routinely indicated
Kieran McGlade Nov 2001
Clinical clues to renal vascular disease
• Hypertension under 50 Yrs of age. • Generalised vascular (esp peripheral)
Investigation of the New Hypertensive
• History and examination • Exclude secondary Hypertension • Urea and electrolytes • FBP and ESR • ECG • Lipid profile
disease. • Mild – moderate renal dysfunction. • Sudden onset pulmonary oedema.
Kieran McGlade Nov 2001
Ladder Approach
• Bendrofluazide • Bendrofluazide + Atenolol or ACE • Calcium Channel blocker • Alpha blocker
• Phaeochomocytoma • Cusings syndrome • Conn’s syndrome • Acromegaly and hypothyroidism
– Coarctation of the aorta – Iatrogenic
• Hormonal / oral contraceptive • NSAIDs
• Chest x-ray no longer routinely indicated
Kieran McGlade Nov 2001
Clinical clues to renal vascular disease
• Hypertension under 50 Yrs of age. • Generalised vascular (esp peripheral)
内科学英文课件：Hypertention
Classification of Hypertension
➢Hypertension
Essential Hypertension 原发性高血 压（高血压病）90–95%
Secondary Hypertension继发性
高血压
5–10%
①primary or essential hypertension: high blood pressure with no obvious underlying(潜在的,根本的) medical crtension: High blood pressure that is caused by another medical condition(医疗条件) or medication(药物).
➢Primary or Essential Hypertension
Benign Hypertension (Chronic Hypertension) 良性/ 缓进性高血压
Hypertention
What Is Hypertension?
Definition:(1)Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure or arterial hypertension, is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated.
Epidemiology
In the US: • 70% of the hypertensives are aware that
they have hypertension • 59% are being treated • Only 34% have adequately controlled BP
英文疾病的介绍——Hypertension(高血压病)
➢ Anyone can have high blood pressure. Some people are more likely to have high blood pressure including:
• African Americans(more sensitive to salt) • People over age 55 • People with a family history of high blood pressure
but below 140/90
It is called
Pre-hypertension 高血压前期
Danger systolic blood pressure≥140 Zone diastolic blood pressure ≥90
Lead to
Hypertension
Either of them
② Secondary Hypertension: High blood pressure that is caused by another medical condition(医疗条件) or medication(药物).
➢Primary or Essential Hypertension
Benign Hypertension
sad in a long time
Hypertension Symptoms
High blood pressure is sometimes called a silent killer(无症状杀 伤者) because it may have no outward symptoms for years (可能没 有外在症状长达数年).
Diagnosis
• African Americans(more sensitive to salt) • People over age 55 • People with a family history of high blood pressure
but below 140/90
It is called
Pre-hypertension 高血压前期
Danger systolic blood pressure≥140 Zone diastolic blood pressure ≥90
Lead to
Hypertension
Either of them
② Secondary Hypertension: High blood pressure that is caused by another medical condition(医疗条件) or medication(药物).
➢Primary or Essential Hypertension
Benign Hypertension
sad in a long time
Hypertension Symptoms
High blood pressure is sometimes called a silent killer(无症状杀 伤者) because it may have no outward symptoms for years (可能没 有外在症状长达数年).
Diagnosis
【高血压精品英文课件】高血压急症 Hypertensive emergencies
• CBF = CPP / CVR • CPP = MAP - ICP • MAP = DBP + 1/3 PP • Cerebral autoregulation
– normal between 50 - 150 – 70/40 to 190/130
• Vascular stenosis
Cerebral Autoregulation
– Acute myocardial ischemia – Acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema – Acute aortic dissection – Post-op vascular surgery
• Renal - Acute renal failure • Eclampsia • Catechol excess- Pheochrom, Drugs
Concept of Hypertensive Urgencies
• Potentially dangerous BP elevation without acute, life-threatening end-organ damage
• Examples (controversial!) – Retinal changes without encephalopathy or acute visual symptoms – High BP with nonspecific Sx (headache, dizziness, weakness) – Very high BP without symptoms
– Prevalence of cerebrovascular disease and coronary artery disease (Stenotic lesions)
– normal between 50 - 150 – 70/40 to 190/130
• Vascular stenosis
Cerebral Autoregulation
– Acute myocardial ischemia – Acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema – Acute aortic dissection – Post-op vascular surgery
• Renal - Acute renal failure • Eclampsia • Catechol excess- Pheochrom, Drugs
Concept of Hypertensive Urgencies
• Potentially dangerous BP elevation without acute, life-threatening end-organ damage
• Examples (controversial!) – Retinal changes without encephalopathy or acute visual symptoms – High BP with nonspecific Sx (headache, dizziness, weakness) – Very high BP without symptoms
– Prevalence of cerebrovascular disease and coronary artery disease (Stenotic lesions)
hypertension 高血压
Company name
classification
classification SBP(mmHg) DBP(mmHg) 60-79 80-89 90-99 100-109 ≥110 ＜90
normal 90-119 Prehypertension 120-139 stage 1 140-159 stage 2 160-179 stage 3 ≥180 isolated systolic ≥140 hypertension
高血压是指以动脉收缩压和/或舒张压升高，常伴有心、脑、 肾和视网膜等器官功能性或器质性改变的全身性疾病。
3
Company name
Hypertension can be classified as either essential (primary) or secondary. Essential or primary hypertension means th at no medical cause can be found to explain the raised blo od pressure and represents about 90-95% of hypertensio n cases. Secondary hypertension indicates that the high blood pres sure is a result of (i.e., secondary to) another condition, s uch as kidney disease or tumours (adrenal adenoma or ph eochromocytoma). 高血压可以分为原发性高血压和继发性高血压。原发性高血压占所 有高血压的95%左右，继发性高血压占5%。
英文疾病介绍——Hypertension(高血压病)ppt课件
Hypertension
英文疾病介绍——Hypertension(高血压病)
What Is Hypertension?
➢Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated(提高的).
In fact, one in five people with the condition don‘t know they have it. Internally([ɪnˈtɜ:nəlɪ],在体内地), it can quietly damage the heart, lungs, blood ve英ss文e疾l病s,介b绍r—a—inH,ypaerntednsiokni(d高n血e压y病s) if left untreated. It’s a major risk factor for strokes(中风/脑卒中) and heart attacks(心脏病).
Who is at risk?
➢ Anyone can have high blood pressure. Some people are more likeressure including:
• African Americans(more sensitive to salt) • People over age 55 • People with a family history of high blood pressure
Malignant Hypertension
(Chronic Hypertension)
(Accelerated Hypertension)
英文疾病介绍——Hypertension(高血压病)
What Is Hypertension?
➢Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated(提高的).
In fact, one in five people with the condition don‘t know they have it. Internally([ɪnˈtɜ:nəlɪ],在体内地), it can quietly damage the heart, lungs, blood ve英ss文e疾l病s,介b绍r—a—inH,ypaerntednsiokni(d高n血e压y病s) if left untreated. It’s a major risk factor for strokes(中风/脑卒中) and heart attacks(心脏病).
Who is at risk?
➢ Anyone can have high blood pressure. Some people are more likeressure including:
• African Americans(more sensitive to salt) • People over age 55 • People with a family history of high blood pressure
Malignant Hypertension
(Chronic Hypertension)
(Accelerated Hypertension)
hypertensive词根
Hypertensive这个词根在医学和生物学领域中是一个非常重要的概念。
它源自于希腊语单词"hypertension"，意思是高血压。
高血压是一种常见的慢性疾病，严重影响着全球范围内数以亿计的人们的健康。
在这篇文章中，我将从解释hypertensive词根的定义开始，逐步深入探讨与其相关的医学知识，包括危害、预防和治疗方法。
我也会共享一些我个人对高血压这一概念的理解和观点。
一、hypertensive的定义我们来了解一下hypertensive这个词根的定义。
在医学术语中，"hypertensive"一词通常用来描述与高血压相关的情况。
它可以修饰各种医学名词，如hypertensive crisis(高血压危机)、hypertensive medication(降压药)等。
当我们听到或阅读到以hypertensive开头的词语时，通常可以联想到高血压这一疾病。
二、高血压的危害了解了hypertensive这一词根的含义后，接下来我们应该深入了解高血压这一疾病的危害。
高血压是一种潜在的健康威胁，它会增加心血管疾病、中风、心脏病和其他健康问题的风险。
尤其是长期未经治疗的高血压，会对心脏、大脑、肾脏等重要脏器造成损害，甚至导致生命危险。
对于高血压患者来说，及时有效的治疗至关重要。
三、高血压的预防为了预防高血压带来的危害，我们需要采取一系列的预防措施。
首先是健康的生活方式，包括均衡饮食、适量运动、限制盐分摄入等。
其次是定期体检，尤其是年过四十的中老年人群，应每年进行一次血压检测。
避免不良的生活习惯，如烟草和酗酒等，也是预防高血压的重要措施。
四、高血压的治疗方法一旦被诊断出患有高血压，患者需要接受及时有效的治疗。
常见的治疗方法包括药物治疗和生活方式干预。
药物治疗通常包括降压药，例如ACE抑制剂、钙通道阻滞剂等。
改变不健康的生活方式，如减轻体重、戒烟、限制饮酒等，也是治疗高血压的重要手段。
高血压脑病(hypertensive encephalopathy)(1)
概述高血压脑病（hypertensive encephalopathy）是血压急骤升高，特别是舒张压升高，超过其自动调节限度，导致急性脑血管痉挛和脑水肿，引起一过性急性全脑功能障碍综合征。
成人舒张压大于140mmHg，儿童、孕妇或产妇血压大于180/120mmHg可发病。
临床表现为剧烈头痛、抽搐、意识障碍等三联征及短暂局灶性脑功能缺失征。
迅速降低血压后可很快逆转而不留后遗症。
此症是高血压病最严重的并发症之一，男性发病率稍高，多见于50～60岁的老年人，但在年轻的高血压病人也可发病。
病因和发病机制本病常见于急进性恶性高血压合并肾功能衰竭，其次是急性或慢性肾小球肾炎、肾盂肾炎、子痫、原发性高血压、嗜铬细胞瘤等；个别抑郁症患者服用单胺氧化酶抑制剂可发生。
少数进食含酪胺食物（如干酪、扁豆、腌鱼、啤酒、红葡萄酒）可诱发。
发病机制不明，可能由于平均动脉压迅速升至180mmHg以上时脑血流自动调节机制破坏，血管被迫扩张，脑血流量增加，脑血管内压超过脑间质压使血管床液体外渗，引起脑水肿和颅内压增高，血压骤升导致小动脉痉挛使病情加重。
病理改变病理改变主要是弥漫性脑水肿，脑外观苍白，脑回变平，脑沟变浅，脑室变小，脑重量增加。
脑小动脉玻璃样变性，脑实质微梗死或斑点状出血等。
临床表现一、症状 1.任何年龄均可发病，急性肾炎以小儿多见，子痫妇女多见，恶性高血压30~48岁常见，既往多有高血压病史。
2.急性起病，病情在12~48小时达高峰。
3.全脑症状表现为剧烈头痛、抽搐、意识障碍等三联征，伴有恶心、呕吐、黑蒙、烦躁、反应迟钝、无力等症状。
4.局灶性症状有短暂视力障碍、偏身无力、麻木、失语等。
5.原发兵症状肾炎常有浮肿、血尿、少尿、无尿；子痫发生于年轻孕妇，伴浮肿、抽搐、高血压及其他原发病症状。
二、体征 1.发病时有血压重度急性升高，大于200/（120~150）mmHg. 2.神经系统检查有偏瘫、失语、偏身感觉障碍。
【高血压精品英文课件】高心病 Hypertensive Heart Disease_
Other Findings Aortic root dilation Aortic valve sclerosis
Hypertensive Heart Disease
Mitral annular calcification Left atrial enlargment Atrial fibrillation
or increased contractility.
Hypertensive Heart Disease
Other Echocardiagraphic findings Aortic root dilation Tortuosity of the ascending aorta,
arch and descending aorta
Hypertensive Heart Disease
Hypertensive Heart Disease
Hypertensive Heart Disease
Hypertensive Heart Disease
Choice of Medical therapy BP = CO x PR CO = SV x HR SV = CSA x VTI
Diastolic function – Impaired Relaxation Prolonged IVRT Decreased E wave Decreased early deceleration slope Increased A wave
Hypertensive Heart Disease
Hypertensive Heart Disease
2- Dimension/ M-mode Concentric LVH Increased wall thickness (> 11 mm) Non-dilated chamber Increased LV mass
Hypertensive Heart Disease
Mitral annular calcification Left atrial enlargment Atrial fibrillation
or increased contractility.
Hypertensive Heart Disease
Other Echocardiagraphic findings Aortic root dilation Tortuosity of the ascending aorta,
arch and descending aorta
Hypertensive Heart Disease
Hypertensive Heart Disease
Hypertensive Heart Disease
Hypertensive Heart Disease
Choice of Medical therapy BP = CO x PR CO = SV x HR SV = CSA x VTI
Diastolic function – Impaired Relaxation Prolonged IVRT Decreased E wave Decreased early deceleration slope Increased A wave
Hypertensive Heart Disease
Hypertensive Heart Disease
2- Dimension/ M-mode Concentric LVH Increased wall thickness (> 11 mm) Non-dilated chamber Increased LV mass
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granular surface of the kidney. (肾表面出现清晰可辨的颗粒物)
Arteriolar([ɑ:ˌtiəriˈəulə],小动脉的)
nephrosclerosis([ˌnefrəˌskliəˈrəusis]) （细动脉性肾硬化）：Severe arteriolar nephrosclerosis(严重细动 脉性肾硬化). Nodular([ˈnɔdjulə])(结 节性)
Hypertension
高血压病
What Is Hypertension?
➢Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated(提高的).
Thank you!
hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage（高血压病脑出血）： Internal capsule(内囊) or Basal
ganglia([ˈbeisəl] [ˈɡæŋɡliə],基底神经 节) instead of blood clots(被血凝块 代替).
Hypertensive retinopathy([retiˈnɔpəθi],视网膜病变)
Medications.
renal artery stenosis
甲状旁腺功能亢进症
([stɪ'nəʊsɪs])
肾动脉狭窄
Causes Of Hypertension
➢ Genes（遗传因素） ➢ Diet（膳食因素） ➢ Social And Mental
Condition（社会心理应 激因素）
Treatment
• The DASH Diet --
Dietary Approaches(饮 食疗法) to Stop Hypertension -- involves eating more fruits, vegetables, whole-grain foods(全谷类食物), lowfat dairy(低脂奶), fish, poultry(禽肉), and nuts(坚果). You should eat less red meat(红肉), saturated fats(饱和脂肪), and sweets(甜食).
（高血压性视网膜病变）
Complications(并发症)
➢ When blood pressure is not well controlled, you are at risk for:
• Bleeding from the aorta([eɪˈɔ:tə], 主动脉出血), the large blood vessel that supplies blood to the abdomen([æbˈdəʊmən]), pelvis([ˈpelvɪs]), and legs(给腹 部、骨盆和腿部供血的大血管)
sad in a long time
Hypertension Symptoms
High blood pressure is sometimes called a silent killer(无症状杀 伤者) because it may have no outward symptoms for years (可能没 有外在症状长达数年).
Pregnancy
慢性肾疾病
Secondary Hypertension
Hyperparathyroidism ([haɪpəpærə'θaɪrɔɪdɪzəm])
避孕丸、节食丸、感 冒药、偏头痛药
birth control pills, diet pills,
cold medications, Migraine([ˈmaɪˌgreɪn])
• Complementary Therapies（[ˈθerəpi]补 充医学疗法）:Yoga（瑜
伽）, tai chi（太极）, and deep breathing（深呼吸） also help.
Prevention
➢ Adults over 18 should have their blood pressure checked regularly. ➢ Lifestyle changes may help control your blood pressure. • Exercise often. • Eat foods low in salt. • Lose weight or keep weight at a healthy level. • Do not smoke. • Limit alcohol.
Pathological Changes(病变)
Left ventricle in hypertensive heart disease. 左心室壁明显增厚
Primary granular([ˈgrænjələ],颗粒 状的) atrophy([ˈætrəfi:],萎缩) of the kidney（原发性颗粒性固缩 肾）：with clearly recognizable
• Chronic kidney disease(慢性肾 疾病)
• Heart attack and heart failure(心脏病和心力衰竭)
• Poor blood supply to the legs(下肢供血不足)
• Stroke(中风/脑卒中)
• Problems with your vision(视觉 障碍)
a. Stress（压力） b. Anger（愤怒） c. Frightened（惊吓）
➢ Others（其它因素）
a. Obesity（[əʊˈbi:sɪti:]肥胖症） b. Smoke（吸烟） c. Older Age（老龄） d. Inactivity（缺乏锻炼） e. Race（种族）
Who is at risk?
but below 140/90
It is called
Pre-hypertension 高血压前期
Danger systolic blood pressure≥140 Zone diastolic blood pressure ≥90
Lead to
Hypertension
Either of them
In fact, one in five people with the condition don‘t know they have it. Internally([ɪnˈtɜ:nəlɪ],在体内地), it can quietly damage the heart, lungs, blood vessels, brain, and kidneys if left untreated. It’s a major risk factor for strokes(中风/脑卒中) and heart attacks(心脏 病).
(Chronic Hypertension) 良性/缓进性高血压
Malignant Hypertension
(Accelerated Hypertension) 恶性/急进性高血压
肾上腺功能紊乱
Disorders of the adrenal gland
孕妇
Chronic kidney diseaseຫໍສະໝຸດ Who is at risk?
➢ Your chances of having high blood pressure are higher if you:
• Are overweight • Eat foods high in salt • Do not get regular exercise • Smoke • Drink alcohol heavily • Under Stress,anger,frightened or
② Secondary Hypertension: High blood pressure that is caused by another medical condition(医疗条件) or medication(药物).
➢Primary or Essential Hypertension
Benign Hypertension
高血压
Classification Of Hypertension
➢Hypertension
Essential Hypertension Secondary Hypertension
原发性高血压（高血压病）
继发性高血压
90–95%
5–10%
①primary or essential hypertension: high blood pressure with no obvious underlying(潜在的,根本的) medical cause.
➢ Anyone can have high blood pressure. Some people are more likely to have high blood pressure including:
• African Americans(more sensitive to salt) • People over age 55 • People with a family history of high blood pressure
Diagnosis
systolic blood pressure≤120 diastolic blood pressure ≤ 80
Both of them
Normal blood pressure 正常血压范围
A warning If your BP are 120/80 or higher
sign
• Exercise
• Medications:
Arteriolar([ɑ:ˌtiəriˈəulə],小动脉的)
nephrosclerosis([ˌnefrəˌskliəˈrəusis]) （细动脉性肾硬化）：Severe arteriolar nephrosclerosis(严重细动 脉性肾硬化). Nodular([ˈnɔdjulə])(结 节性)
Hypertension
高血压病
What Is Hypertension?
➢Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated(提高的).
Thank you!
hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage（高血压病脑出血）： Internal capsule(内囊) or Basal
ganglia([ˈbeisəl] [ˈɡæŋɡliə],基底神经 节) instead of blood clots(被血凝块 代替).
Hypertensive retinopathy([retiˈnɔpəθi],视网膜病变)
Medications.
renal artery stenosis
甲状旁腺功能亢进症
([stɪ'nəʊsɪs])
肾动脉狭窄
Causes Of Hypertension
➢ Genes（遗传因素） ➢ Diet（膳食因素） ➢ Social And Mental
Condition（社会心理应 激因素）
Treatment
• The DASH Diet --
Dietary Approaches(饮 食疗法) to Stop Hypertension -- involves eating more fruits, vegetables, whole-grain foods(全谷类食物), lowfat dairy(低脂奶), fish, poultry(禽肉), and nuts(坚果). You should eat less red meat(红肉), saturated fats(饱和脂肪), and sweets(甜食).
（高血压性视网膜病变）
Complications(并发症)
➢ When blood pressure is not well controlled, you are at risk for:
• Bleeding from the aorta([eɪˈɔ:tə], 主动脉出血), the large blood vessel that supplies blood to the abdomen([æbˈdəʊmən]), pelvis([ˈpelvɪs]), and legs(给腹 部、骨盆和腿部供血的大血管)
sad in a long time
Hypertension Symptoms
High blood pressure is sometimes called a silent killer(无症状杀 伤者) because it may have no outward symptoms for years (可能没 有外在症状长达数年).
Pregnancy
慢性肾疾病
Secondary Hypertension
Hyperparathyroidism ([haɪpəpærə'θaɪrɔɪdɪzəm])
避孕丸、节食丸、感 冒药、偏头痛药
birth control pills, diet pills,
cold medications, Migraine([ˈmaɪˌgreɪn])
• Complementary Therapies（[ˈθerəpi]补 充医学疗法）:Yoga（瑜
伽）, tai chi（太极）, and deep breathing（深呼吸） also help.
Prevention
➢ Adults over 18 should have their blood pressure checked regularly. ➢ Lifestyle changes may help control your blood pressure. • Exercise often. • Eat foods low in salt. • Lose weight or keep weight at a healthy level. • Do not smoke. • Limit alcohol.
Pathological Changes(病变)
Left ventricle in hypertensive heart disease. 左心室壁明显增厚
Primary granular([ˈgrænjələ],颗粒 状的) atrophy([ˈætrəfi:],萎缩) of the kidney（原发性颗粒性固缩 肾）：with clearly recognizable
• Chronic kidney disease(慢性肾 疾病)
• Heart attack and heart failure(心脏病和心力衰竭)
• Poor blood supply to the legs(下肢供血不足)
• Stroke(中风/脑卒中)
• Problems with your vision(视觉 障碍)
a. Stress（压力） b. Anger（愤怒） c. Frightened（惊吓）
➢ Others（其它因素）
a. Obesity（[əʊˈbi:sɪti:]肥胖症） b. Smoke（吸烟） c. Older Age（老龄） d. Inactivity（缺乏锻炼） e. Race（种族）
Who is at risk?
but below 140/90
It is called
Pre-hypertension 高血压前期
Danger systolic blood pressure≥140 Zone diastolic blood pressure ≥90
Lead to
Hypertension
Either of them
In fact, one in five people with the condition don‘t know they have it. Internally([ɪnˈtɜ:nəlɪ],在体内地), it can quietly damage the heart, lungs, blood vessels, brain, and kidneys if left untreated. It’s a major risk factor for strokes(中风/脑卒中) and heart attacks(心脏 病).
(Chronic Hypertension) 良性/缓进性高血压
Malignant Hypertension
(Accelerated Hypertension) 恶性/急进性高血压
肾上腺功能紊乱
Disorders of the adrenal gland
孕妇
Chronic kidney diseaseຫໍສະໝຸດ Who is at risk?
➢ Your chances of having high blood pressure are higher if you:
• Are overweight • Eat foods high in salt • Do not get regular exercise • Smoke • Drink alcohol heavily • Under Stress,anger,frightened or
② Secondary Hypertension: High blood pressure that is caused by another medical condition(医疗条件) or medication(药物).
➢Primary or Essential Hypertension
Benign Hypertension
高血压
Classification Of Hypertension
➢Hypertension
Essential Hypertension Secondary Hypertension
原发性高血压（高血压病）
继发性高血压
90–95%
5–10%
①primary or essential hypertension: high blood pressure with no obvious underlying(潜在的,根本的) medical cause.
➢ Anyone can have high blood pressure. Some people are more likely to have high blood pressure including:
• African Americans(more sensitive to salt) • People over age 55 • People with a family history of high blood pressure
Diagnosis
systolic blood pressure≤120 diastolic blood pressure ≤ 80
Both of them
Normal blood pressure 正常血压范围
A warning If your BP are 120/80 or higher
sign
• Exercise
• Medications: