2016年4月自考国际商务英语(05844)试题及答案解析评分标准
自学考试_全国2015年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题(05844)
绝密 考试结束前全国2015年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码:05844请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案写在答题纸上㊂注意事项:1.答题前,考生务必将自己的考试课程名称㊁姓名㊁准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上㊂2.用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上,不能答在试题卷上㊂Ⅰ.T r a n s l a t e t h e f o l l o w i n g w o r d s a n d e x p r e s s i o n s f r o mE n gl i s h i n t oC h i n e s e :(10%)1.p r i m a r y co mm o d i t i e s 2.e x c h a n ge r a t ef l u c t u a t i o n 3.i n s u r a n c e p o l i c y 4.e c o n o m i c c o n f l i c t5.v o l u n t a r y e x po r t r e s t r i c t i o n 6.m a r k e t f l o o r 7.c o u n t e r -v e i l i n g m e a s u r e s 8.c o n s u m p t i o n p r e f e r e n c e 9.b u l k g o o d s 10.E u r o pe a nP a r l i a m e n t Ⅱ.T r a n s l a t e t h ef o l l o w i ng w o r d s a n d e x p r e s s i o n s f r o mChi n e s e i n t oE n g l i s h :(10%)11.预付现金12.报价13.唛头14.储备货币15.并购16.长期资本17.关税区18.双边贸易19.即期汇票20.工业化Ⅲ.M a t c h t h ew o r d s a n d e x p r e s s i o n s o n t h e l e f tw i t h t h e e x p l a n a t i o n s o n t h e r i g h t:(10%)21.p r o d u c t i v e a.t od r a ws p e c i a l a t t e n t i o n22.r e v e n u e b.b e c o m i n g d u e23.h i g h l i g h t c.p r o d u c i n g i nh i g he f f i c i e n c y o r i n l a r g e q u a n t i t y24.f o r c em a j e u r e d.t ok e e p f i x e do r u n c h a n g e d25.r e m i t t i n g e.a m o u n t o fm o n e y t h a tm a y b e t a k e no f f t h e f u l l a m o u n t26.m a t u r i t y f.h a p p e n i n g e v e r y a l t e r n a t i v e y e a r27.d i s c o u n t g.t h e s e n d i nyg o fm o n e28.p e g h.b e s t o rm o s t f a v o r a b l e29.b i e n n i a l i.t h e t o t a l a n n u a l i n c o m e o f a s t a t e30.o p t i m a l j.s o c i a l o r n a t u r a l c a l a m i t i e s t h a t t a k e p l a c e b e y o n d t h e c o n t r o l o fa c o n t r a c t i n gp a r t yⅣ.M a k e b r i e f e x p l a n a t i o n s o f t h e f o l l o w i n g t e r m s o r g i v e t h e f u l l n a m e o f t h e a b b r e v i a t i o n i nE n g l i s h:(10%)31.r e v o l v i n g c r e d i t32.c o m p o u n dd u t i e s33.f i r mo f f e r34.n e g o t i a t i n g b a n k35.C F RⅤ.A n s w e r t h e f o l l o w i n gq u e s t i o n s i nE n g l i s h:(20%)36.W h a t a r et h et w oc a t e g o r i e so f i n t e r n a t i o n a l i n v e s t m e n t?M a k eab r i e fe x p l a n a t i o no nt h e m.37.W h y i s i t n e c e s s a r y t oh a v e I n c o t e r m s?38.C a n y o u s u mm a r i z e b r i e f l y t h e f a c t o r s t h a t h a v e c a u s e d t h e c h a n g e s i n t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o ni n d u s t r y?39.W h a t i s t h e q u o t a o f t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a lM o n e t a r y F u n d?I s i t i m p o r t a n t?W h y?Ⅵ.T r a n s l a t e t h e f o l l o w i n g i n t oC h i n e s e:(15%)40.I nd o c u m e n t a r y c o l l e c t i o n,t h ee x p o r t e rs e n d st h ed r a f ta n dt h es h i p p i n g d o c u m e n t s r e p r e s e n t i n g t i t l e t o t h e g o o d s t oh i s b a n k,w h i c h f o r w a r d s t h e mt o a n o t h e r b a n k i n t h e i m p o r t e r sc o u n t r y,w h i c hi nt u r nc o n t a c t st h ec u s t o m e r.I nt h ec a s eo fD/P,t h e d o c u m e n t sw i l l n o t b e r e l e a s e d t o t h e i m p o r t e ru n t i l p a y m e n t i s e f f e c t e d.I nc a s eo fD/ A,d o c u m e n t s a r e h a n d e d o v e r t o t h e i m p o r t e r u p o nh i s a c c e p t a n c e o f t h e d r a f t d r a w nb y t h e e x p o r t e r.41.T h e h i g h e s tf o r m o fe c o n o m i ci n t e g r a t i o ni s c a l l e d t h e e c o n o m i c u n i o n w h i c h i sc h a r a c t e r i z e db y i n t e g r a t i o n o ft h ed o me s t i c p o l i c i e s o fi t s m e m b e r si n r e s p e c t of e c o n o m y,f i n a n c e,e t c.i na d d i t i o nt oa b s e n c eo ft r a d eb a r r i e r s,p r a c t i c eo fc o mm o n e x t e r n a l p o l i c y a n d f r e e p r o d u c t i o n f a c t o rm o b i l i t y.T h em e m b e r s o f a n e c o n o m i c u n i o n a r e r e q u i r e dn o to n l y t oh a r m o n i z et h e i r t a x a t i o n,g o v e r n m e n te x p e n d i t u r e s,i n d u s t r y p o l i c i e s,e t c.,b u t a l s ou s e t h e s a m e c u r r e n c y.Ⅶ.T r a n s l a t e t h e f o l l o w i n g i n t oE n g l i s h:(25%)42.要评估某一市场的潜力,人们往往要分析其收入水平,因为它为那里居民的购买力高低提供线索㊂43.如果投保的险别不是造成损失的直接原因,保险公司将不予赔偿㊂44.回购贸易和互购贸易之间的重要区别之一在于回购贸易一般比互购贸易要延续更长一段时间㊂45.比较优势并不是一个静止的概念,一个国家可以通过自己的行动发展某种特定的比较优势㊂46.其实低收入地区的经济繁荣也会给发达国家带来好处,因为这样他们对这些地区的出口就会增加㊂。
自考05844-国际商务英语-词汇部分
Unit 1: P7Transaction 交易 customs area 关税区 in compliance with 遵从；遵照conversion 货币兑换 visible trade 有形贸易 resale 转售gross domestic product国内生产总值 invisible trade 无形贸易 for short 缩写为account for 占…比例 headquarters 总部 trap 陷阱，圈套portfolio investment 证券投资 stocks 股票 bonds 债券maturity （票据等）到期，到期日 certificate of deposit 大额存单 licensing许可经营franchising 特许经营 trademark 商标 advisable 可行的；适当的patent 专利 royalty 专利使用费；版税 copyright 版税licensor 给予许可的人 licensee 接受许可的人 franchiser 给予特许的人franchisee 接受特许的人 logo 标志；标记 management contract 管理合同expertise 专门知识 bonus 红利；津贴；奖金 flat 一律的，无变动的value chain 价值链 contract manufacturing 承包工程 turnkey project “交钥匙”工程BOT（Build，Operate，Transfer）建设、经营、移交stand for 代表；表示variant 变形/体Unit 2: P23potential 潜力 clue 线索 national income 国民收入GNP 国民生产总值 per capita income 人均收入 bulk 大量的；大宗的PPP 购买力平价 consumerism 消费，消费主义 income distribution 收入分布Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作与发展组织infra structure 基础设施 Commonwealth of Independent States 独立国家联合体staple goods 大路货 tap 开发 hemisphere 半球observation（经观察而得到的）看法 haven 避风港；安全之地 spur 促进；刺激creditor country 债权国 proximity 临近 ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟Unit 3：P40witness 亲历，见证 economic integration 经济一体化 liberalize 使自由put up barriers 设置障碍 fall under分成几部分 free trade area自由贸易区tariff rates 关税税率 NAFTA北美自由贸易协定 customs union 关税同盟detour 迂回；绕行 common market 共同市场 adoption 使用，采用euro 欧元 erode 侵蚀；损害 autonomy 自治；自主sovereign state 主权国家 political entity 政治实体 set the stage of 为、、、做准备；促成monumental 重要的，有纪念意义的 landmark 地标；里程碑 signatory 签字国；签字人settlement 结算 banknotes 纸币；钞票 circulation货币流通executive body 行政机构，执行机构 European Commission欧盟委员会 veto 否决commissioner 委员，特派员，专员 council of ministers 部长理事会 empower 授予权力multi-polarization 多极化 tenet 原则；宗旨 Dual-Ministerial Meeting 双部长会议cartel 卡特尔，联盟 OPEC 石油输出国组织Unit4：P57globalization 全球化 frequency 频繁，频率 interactive 相互作用的element 要素；组成成分；元素 value 价值观 acclaim 欢呼；欢迎；喝彩adverse 不利的；反对的 controversial 引起争议的 instrumental 有作用的internationalization 国际化 facilities 设施；设备；工具 label 把称为；把归类employ 用；使用 assets 资产 incorporate 吸收；合并purport 声称；自称headquarters 总部international economic environment国际经济环境double digit 两位数字 survival 继续生存 embark（on）开始；从事gigantic 庞大的；巨大的 intervene 干预；干涉 technical improvements 技术进步derivation 获得 day-to-day running 日常管理 decentralize 分散；放下（权利）wield 操控；控制 jurisdiction 权利；管理范围 vehicle 工具；手段delegate power to…对、、、授权 affiliate 分支机构；附属机构 mover 原动力，推动力Unit5：P71define 下定义 services 劳务 distribution 分布natural resources 自然资源 abundant 丰富的 scarce缺少，缺乏primary commodities 初级产品 incentive 刺激 specialization 专业化constitute 构成，形成 remainder 剩余的，余数 hold 认为in terms of 在…方面 illustrate 说明 table 表格，图表assume 假设 efficient 有效的，效率高的 occur 发生，产生law 规则，法则 even if 即使 disadvantage 不利with respect to 关于 exploit 利用，开发 static 静止的endowment of nature 自然的赋予 up-to-date 现代的，新式的 intuitive 直觉的，直观的appeal 吸引力 absolute advantage 绝对利益 comparative advantage 比较利益Unit6：P84strategic 战略的 reduce 减少 bulky 笨重的，庞大的perishable 易碎的 protectionist 保护主义的 barrier障碍typical 典型的 tariffs 关税 quota 配额levy 征收，收取 coincide 巧合；偶合 customs union 关税联盟import duties 进口关税 export duties 出口关税 ad valorem 按价；从价specific 从量的 compound duties 复税，混合关税 drawback 退税refund 偿还；退还 most-favoured-nation（MFN）treatment 最惠国待遇signatory 签字国 concession让步 tariff schedule 税率表；税则non-tariff barrier 非关税壁垒 impose 加强 unilaterally 单方面地label 标签，标记，标号 voluntary 自动的，主动的 forthcoming 即将到来的meaning of transport 运输工具 inland water vessels 内河船只 maritime 海洋的，与海有关的cargo compartment 货仓 charter租 fleet 舰队 insurance保险vulnerable 脆弱的 collision 碰撞 pilferage 偷窃 explosion 爆炸place of historical interest 古迹 accommodations 膳宿供应 immigrant 移民remittance 汇款 undertake 承担Unit7：P84climate 环境气氛；风气 degenerate 变坏；衰退 deal 交易draw up 制定；拟就 respective 各自的；分别的 subsequent 随后的，后来的interpretation 解释；说明 trade terms 贸易术语；交易条件 trading practices 贸易惯例litigation 诉讼，诉争 entail 使人承担；使成为必要 amendment 修正案；修正条款addition 增加部分 revise 修正；修改 unitization 使成为一个单位maritime 海的；海上的 consolidate 统一，合并 render使得；使成为negotiable 可转让的；可流通的 vital 极其重要的，必不可少的 whereby 凭借那个，借以premises 生产场所；经营场所 disposal 处理；解决 departure 离开，启程，出发quay 码头 substantive 实质性的Unit8：P116set forth 陈述；阐明 binding 有约束力的 enforceable可实施的sue起诉 trade fairs 商品交易会 trunk call 长途电话enquiry 询盘；询价 quotation 报价 voluntarily 主动地，自愿地indispensable 必不可少的 validity period 有效期 offer还盘unbinding 无约束力的 invalid 无效的 sales contract 销售合同sales （purchase） confirmation 售货（购货）确认书 setting up 构成，结构，格式consignment 寄售 contracting parties 缔约方 force majeure不可抗力arbitration 仲裁 cotton piece good 棉布 cotton yarns 棉纱hereby 于此 hereunder 于下 article number 货号yard 码 overleaf 反面 bleached 漂白的Unit9：P127counter trade 对销贸易；反对贸易 allegedly被说成；据说 phenomenon 现象terminology 术语 generic 总称的 net positions 实际寸头adduce 引证 empirical 以经验为根据的 reciprocal 互惠的；互相的hyperinflation极度通货膨胀 literally 照字地，逐字地 disarray 混乱conceptually 概念上地 European Payment Union 欧洲支付联盟competitive devaluation 竞争性贬值 pre-specify 预先说明 in essence 实质上的intertemporal 不同时的 be tied to 固定于 photocopying machine 复印机intriguing引起兴趣的，有迷惑力的 concurrently 同时发生的 a fraction of一点儿；一部分verify 一部分 sophisticated 经验丰富的 bypass 避开；置、、、于不顾expertise 专门知识 leverage 杠杆作用 tap 开发；开辟conceal 掩盖；隐藏 perpetuate 使永久存在 processing trade 加工贸易consignment 寄售 leasing 租赁 agency 代理Unit10：P141domestic 国内的 status 状况 remittance 汇款debtor 债务人 debit 借方；记入借方的款 financial standing 财务状况default 违约；不履行职责 ban禁止 fluctuation波动hesitant 犹豫，不情愿 dubious 可疑 integrity 正直；诚实periodic payment 分期付款 cash in advance 预付现金 draft 汇票（bill of exchange）drawer 出票人 drawee 受票人 payee受款人usance draft（tenor draft，term draft）远期汇票 documentary draft 跟单汇票clean draft 光票 bill of lading 提单 title to the goods 货物所有权insurance policy 保险单 documentary collection 跟单托收documents against payment （D/P）付款交单 documents against acceptance（D/A）承兑交单sound 健全；良好 with discretion 慎重地；审慎地Unit11：P154release 放开 gain control over 得到对…的控制 objective 目的，目标impeccable 无缺点的 bilateral 双边的 credit-worthiness 资信unique 独特的 security 安全，保障 presentation 呈交；提示undertaking 承担 applicant 开证申请人 opening bank 开证银行beneficiary 受益人 correspondent bank 往来行；关系行 advising bank 通知行amendment 修改 discrepancy 不符 confirming bank 保兑行reimburse 付款 nominate 指定 insufficient 不足的 submit提交stipulation 规定 expire 满期；到期 unit price 单价partial shipment 分批装运 transshipment 转船 seal 印章underlying作为基础的 obligation 责任，义务 ultimately 最终Unit12：P167category 种类 fall under 归为…类 mechanism 机制clean credit 光票信用证 non-trade settlement非贸易结算 revocable credit 可撤销信用证irrevocable credit 不可撤销信用证 certainty 确定程度，肯定程度 alter 改变commitment 承担的责任 cancel 取消，作废 consult with 与、、、协商revoke 撤销 consent 同意 extensively 广泛地indication 指明，表明 confirmed credit 保兑信用证 leading bank 主要银行double assurance 双重保障 involve 牵涉；涉及 sight credit 即期信用证usance credit 远期信用证 impeccable 正确无误的 capital turnover 资金周转maturity 到期 discount 贴现 face value 面值transferable credit 可转让信用证 non-transferable credit 不可转让信用证 middleman 中间人non-draft credit 无汇票信用证 deferred payment 推迟付款 revolving credit 循环信用证renew 恢复 reinstate 使复原 contracting parties 合同各方，缔约各方sustain 遭受，蒙受 insolvent 无支付能力的 bankrupt 破产的Unit13：P180documents 单据 take delivery of 提（货） delay 延误，迟延discrepancy 不符 conformity 一致，相符 description 描述commission 佣金 discount 折扣 shipping marks 唛头seal 印章；图章 signature 签字 comply with 符合in general terms 用概括性的词语，用一般性词语表达 exceed 超过 memos 备忘录，便笺bill of lading 提单 carrier 承运人 shipper 货主，托运人carriage 运输 consignee 收货人 notify party 被通知人payable 应支付的，可支付的 devoid of 没有，缺少 liability 责任；义务airway bill 空运提单 cargo receipt 铁路运单，货运收据 insurance policy 保险单function 功能；作用 the insured 被保险人 currency 货币 settle 清算；结算Unit14：P193fundamental 极其重要的 efficiency 效率 primitive 原始的in a broad sense 从广义上讲 grocery 食品；杂货 distinct 与其他明显不同的；独特的natural product provinces 产品自然领域 urgency 紧迫；急迫 perform 执行；完成carrier 承运人。
【全国自考历年真题10套】05844国际商务英语2013年4月至2019年4月试题
34. liability
35. VER
Ⅴ. Answer the following questions in English（20%）
36. What is a counter-offer? What happens to the offer once a counter-offer is made?
important when marketing consumer durables.
41. Quotas or quantitative restrictions are the most common forms of nontariff barriers. A quota limits the imports
24. drawer
d. deficiency
25. insolvent
e. a formal or explicit statement of conditions demanded
26. commercial intercourse
f. total resources of a business, as cash, accounts receivable, real estates, etc.
Ⅰ. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese （10%） 1. contracting parties 2. board of directors 3. most–favored-nation treatment 4. sales contract 5. usance draft 6. non-transferable credit 7. contract carrier 8. port of origin 9. assets and liabilities 10. preferential customs tariffs Ⅱ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English（10%） 11. 承包生产 12. 共同市场 13. 贸易伙伴 14. 结关 15. 加工贸易 16. 分批装运 17. 货物收据 18. 转移风险 19. 游资 20. 关税减让 Ⅲ. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right（10%）
四川省高等教育自学考试2016年4月(16·1次)
09:00-11:3014:30-17:0009:00-11:3000147 人力资源管理(一)00018 计算机应用基础00182 公共关系学00163 管理心理学00107 现代管理学00277 行政管理学00292 市政学00341 公文写作与处理03350 社会研究方法12656 毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论03706 思想道德修养与法律基础00051 管理系统中计算机应用00054 管理学原理00070 政府与事业单位会计00053 对外经济管理概论04184 线性代数(经管类)00078 银行会计学00058 市场营销学04183 概率论与数理统计(经管类)00067 财务管理学00068 外国财政00139 西方经济学03708 中国近现代史纲要00051 管理系统中计算机应用00054 管理学原理00078 银行会计学00053 对外经济管理概论00061 国家税收04183 概率论与数理统计(经管类)00058 市场营销学00076 国际金融00067 财务管理学00150 金融理论与实务00068 外国财政04184 线性代数(经管类)03708 中国近现代史纲要00051 管理系统中计算机应用00045 企业经济统计学00102 世界市场行情00097 外贸英语写作00149 国际贸易理论与实务04183 概率论与数理统计(经管类)00100 国际运输与保险04184 线性代数(经管类)07750 国际投资学03708 中国近现代史纲要05844 国际商务英语00042 社会经济统计学原理00054 管理学原理00153 质量管理(一)00051 管理系统中计算机应用00061 国家税收00154 企业管理咨询00067 财务管理学00149 国际贸易理论与实务04183 概率论与数理统计(经管类)00151 企业经营战略00150 金融理论与实务03708 中国近现代史纲要04184 线性代数(经管类)00042 社会经济统计学原理00061 国家税收00159 高级财务会计00051 管理系统中计算机应用00149 国际贸易理论与实务00160 审计学备注：1.代码以A开头的为自考专科，B.D开头的为本科。
2016年4月05844国际商务英语真题及答案
Ⅰ. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese：本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。
1. cross-border transaction2. absolute advantage3. Free on Board4. net positions5. confirmed letter of credit6. shipping marks7. indirect quote8. traded options market9. Generalized System of Preference10. differential treatmentⅡ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English：本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。
11.外汇12.技术进步13.初级产品14.资本市场15.承兑交单16.大宗货物17.自有承运人18.交货费用19.国际收支20.关税配额Ⅲ. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right：本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。
21. assess a. done by one side or party only22. decentralize b. a tax on the difference between the cost of an item and its selling price23. unilaterally c. to judge an amount or value24. contracting parties d. distribute the administrative powers over a less concentrated area25. ban e. the terminal to which goods are sent26. impeccable f. signatories of an agreement27. destination g. faultless28. deposit h. required as a condition for something else29. prerequisite i. prohibit，forbid30. V AT j. Money paid as part payment that is owedⅣ. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English：本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。
商务英语05844总复习资料
商务英语05844总复习资料月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语及答案年4全国2011课程代码：05844Ⅰ. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese. (10%)1. in a detour 迂回竞争性贬值 2. competitive devaluation寄售人 3. consignor客户流动性 4. customer mobility豁免条款 5. escape clauses股东 6. share holders潜在损失7. potential loss运载船只8. carrying vessel粗心大意9. negligent从量税10. specific dutyⅡ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English. (10%)11.债权国The credit countryInternational contract 国际合同12.Term payment /分阶段付款13.定期付款The insured 被保险人14.The population plan 15.人口计划The preferential duty16.特惠税Infrastructure construction project 17.基础设施项目Shipping list 18.装箱单Disrupted19.破产Land and labor force20.土地和劳动力Ⅲ. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right. (10%)21. facilities( d )a. the price or cost of transportation22. premises( g ) b. easily to go bad23. middleman( f ) c. not to do something that has been arranged or decided upon24. perishable ( b ) d. something designed, built or installed to serve a specificfunction or perform a particular service25. access( j ) e. the act of paying a bill, debt, charge, etc.26. controversy( i ) f. trader through whom goods pass between the producer andthe customer27. carriage( a ) g. a tract of land including its buildings28. settlement( e ) h. an official group of persons who direct or supervise someactivities of a firm29. board( h ) i. public argument about something which many peopledisagree with30. cancel( c ) j. a way by which a place, esp. property can be reached orentered or usedⅣ. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English. (10%)31. term draft 远期汇票A draft which requires to pay after sight or in a given period of time after representation of relevant documents.32. transferable credit可转让信用证Credit which can be transferred to other parties during the transportation of goods.33. direct quote直接报价A certain amount of foreign currency, usually oneunit or one hundred unit, is marked with equivalent amount of homecurrency.34. acquisition收购Buying existing facilities35. GATT关税和贸易总协定The General Agreement of Tariff and Trade.V. Answer the following questions in English. (20%)36. What are the five major modes of the modern freight transportation system?Water, air, road, rail, pipeline37. What do “valued”policies mean?Valued policies mean that a country provide investors with preferential policies for insured return in order to attract foreign investment.38. What is the purpose to establish GSP(the Generalized System of Preference)?The purpose of GSP is to help development of developing countries by provide tariff concession to them.39. What is the relationship between MNEs and their host countries?The relationship of MNEs and their host countries is interdependable and interactive.Ⅵ. Translate the following into Chinese. (15%)40. The Bank for International Settlement (BIS) is a unique institution. Many of its operations are of types normally performed by a commercial bank, but it is owned principally by central banks, and managed by central banks and its principal customers are central banks. The objects of BIS are to promote the cooperation among central banks and toprovide additional facilities for international operations.国际结算银行是一个独特的机构。
自考05844国际商务英语(真题-翻译)
1有形贸易 visible trade visible trade 2无形贸易 invisible tradeinvisible trade3证券投资 Portfolio Investment portfolio investment 4大额存单 Certificate of depositcertificate of deposit 5管理合同 management contract management contract 6价值链 value chainvalue chain7承包生产 contract manufacturing contract manufacturing 8交钥匙工程 turnkey project turnkey project 9国民收入 national income national income 10人均收入 per capita income per capita income 11基础设施 infra structureinfra structure1213收入分布 income distribution income distribution 14债权国 creditor countrycreditor country15经济一体化 economic integration economic integration 16自由贸易区 free trade area free trade area 17关税税率 tariff rates tariff rates 18关税同盟 custom union custom union 19关税联盟 customs union customs union 20共同市场 common market common market 21主权国家 sovereign state sovereign state 22政治实体 political entity political entity 23行政机构 executive bodyexecutive body24欧盟委员会 European commission European commission 25部长理事会 council of ministers council of ministers 26多极化 multi-polarization multi-polarization27双部长会议 dual-Ministerial meeting dual-Ministerial meeting 28分委员会 Sub-committeeSub-committee 2930技术进步 technical improvements technical improvements 31自然资源 natural resources natural resources 32初级产品 primary commodities primary commodities 33绝对利益 absolute advantage absolute advantage 34比较利益 comparative advantage comparative advantage 35进口关税 import duty import duty 36出口关税 export dutyexport duty 37混税,复合关税 compound dutycompound duty3839税率表,税则 tariff schedule tariff schedule 40关税壁垒 tariff barriertariff barrier41非关税壁垒 non-tariff barrier non-tariff barrier 42运输工具 means of transport means of transport43古迹 places of historical interest places of historical interest 44货仓 cargo compartment cargo compartment 45关税区 customs area customs area 46从价税 advalorem dutiesadvalorem duties独立国家联合体 commonwealth of independent 国际经济环境 international economic environment 最惠国待遇 most-favoured nation (MFN) treatment47贸易术语 trade terms trade terms48贸易惯例 trading practices trading practices49商品交易会 trade fairs trade fairs50长途电话 trunk call trunk call51有效期 validity period validity period52还盘 counter offer counter offer53销售合同 sales contract sales contract54销售确认书 sales (purchase) confirmation sales (purchase) confirmation55缔约方/合约各方 contracting parties contracting parties56不可抗力 force majeure force majeure57货号 article number article number58棉布 cotton piece goods cotton piece goods59棉纱 cotton yarns cotton yarns60对销贸易 counter trade counter trade61欧洲支付联盟 European payment union European payment union62竞争性贬值 competitive devaluation competitive devaluation63加工贸易 processing trade processing trade64清算系统 clearing system clearing system65实际头寸 net positions net positions66贸易信贷往来帐户 trade credit accounts trade credit accounts67反向购买 counter purchase counter purchase68回购交易 buyback buyback69租赁贸易 leasing trade leasing trade70财务状况 financial standing financial standing71资信可靠情况 credit worthiness credit worthiness72分阶段付款 periodic payments periodic payments73预付现金 cash in advance cash in advance74汇票 draft / bill of exchange draft/bill of exchange75远期汇票 usance draft usance draft76跟单汇票 documentary draft documentary draft77提单 bill of landing bill of landing78货物所有权 title to goods title to goods79保险单 insurance policy insurance policy80跟单托收 documentary collection documentary collection81付款交单 documents against payment (D/P)documents against payment (D/P) 82承兑交单 documents against acceptance (D/A)documents against acceptance (D/A) 83光票 clean draft clean draft84开证银行opening bank opening bank85往来行 correspondence bank correspondence bank86通知行 advising bank advising bank87保兑行 confirming bank confirming bank88分批装运 partial shipment partial shipment89保兑信用证 confirmed letter of credit confirmed letter of credit90价格条款 price term price term91光票信用证 clean credit clean credit92非贸易结算 non-trade settlement non-trade settlement93可撤销信用证 revocable credit revocable credit94不可撤销信用证 irrevocable credit irrevocable credit95双重保障 double assurance double assurance96即期信用证 sight credit sight credit97远期信用证 usance credit usance credit98面值 face value face value99可转让信用证 transferable credit transferable credit100不可转让信用证 non-transferable credit non-transferable credit101无汇票信用证 non-draft credit non-draft credit102推迟付款 deferred payment deferred payment103循环信用证 revolving credit revolving credit104唛头 shipping marks shipping marks105被通知人 notify party notify party106货运收据 cargo receipt cargo receipt107发运港 port of shipment port of shipment108海关发票 custom invoice custom invoice109领事发票 consular invoice consular invoice110装船通知 shipping advice shipping advice111产品自然领域 natural product provinces natural product provinces112公共承运人 common carrier common carrier113契约承运人 contract carrier contract carrier114自有承运人 private carrier private carrier115中间产品 intermediate product intermediate product116制成品 finished products finished products117最大诚信原则 utmost good faith utmost good faith118货物原产地港口 port of origin port of origin119交货费用 forwarding charges forwarding charges导致损失的直接原因 proximate cause of the loss120121汇率 exchange rate exchange rate122金本位制 gold standard gold standard123平价 par value par value124储备货币 reversed currency reversed currency125清洁浮动 clean float (free float-自由浮动)clean float 清洁浮动 (free float 自由浮动) 126肮脏浮动 dirt float (managed float-管理浮动)dirt float 肮脏浮动 (managed float 管理浮动) 127(汇率)直接标价 direct quote direct quote128(汇率)间接标价 indirect quote indirect quote129买入价 buying rate buying rate130卖出价 selling rate selling rate131中间价 medial rate medial rate132大萧条 Great Depression great depression133特别提款权 special drawing right special drawing right134国际收支赤字 BOP deficit BOP deficit135国际收支盈余 favorable balance of payment favorable balance of payment136贴现率 discount rate discount rate137外汇管制 foreign exchange control foreign exchange control138游资 idle funds (hot money)idle funds (hot money)139世界银行集团 word bank group word bank group140资本市场 capital market capital market141优惠期 grace period grace period142私营经济 private sector private sector143股权投资 equity investment equity investment144经济结构调整 economic restructuring economic restructuring145投票权 voting power voting power146黄金份额 gold tranche gold tranche147备用(信贷)安排 standby arrangement standby arrangement148客户流动 customer mobility customer mobility149免税期 tax holiday tax holiday150合资企业 joint venture joint venture151绿地战略 the greenfield strategy the greenfield strategy152战略联合 the strategic alliance the strategic alliance153知识产权 intellectual property intellectual property154常务委员会 standing committee standing committee155证券交易所 stock exchange stock exchange156长期资本 long-term capital long-term capital157二级资本市场 secondary capital market secondary capital market158交易场地 market floor (trading floor)market floor (trading floor)159挂牌证券交易市场 listed market listed market160所得税 income tax income tax161平衡帐目 balance the books balance the books 公共部门借贷需求 the public sector borrowing requirement162163金边证券 gilt-edged stocks / securities gilt-edged stocks/securities164事业机构投资商 institutional investors institutional investors165期权 options options166套期保值 hedge hedge167具体事场 particular market area particular market area168普惠制 generalized system of preferences generalized system of preferences 169关税减让 tariff concession tariff concession170制度力量 institutional strength institutional strength171反贴补措施 counter-veiling measures counter-veiling measures172反倾销 anti-dumping anti-dumping173国民待遇 national treatment national treatment174关税配额 tariff quota tariff quota175充分就业 full employment full employment176公平贸易 fair trade fair trade177贸易条款 term of trade term of trade178免责条款 escape clauses escape clauses179行动纲领 action programme action programme180联合国大会 united nations general assembly united nations general assembly 181较不发达国家 less-developed countries less-developed countries182无差别待遇 non-discrimination principle non-discrimination principle183差别待遇 differential treatment differential treatment184贸易条件 terms of trade terms of trade185186特惠税 preferential customs tariffs preferential customs tariffs 187技术转让 transfer of technology transfer of technology188金融市场 financial market financial market189中期贷款 extended fund facility extended fund facility190双边谈判 bilateral negotiation bilateral negotiation191特约条款 special clause special clause192董事会 board of directors board of directors193生产方式 production approach production approach194可保利益 insurable interest insurable interest195缓冲库存贷款 buffer stock financing facility buffer stock financing facility 196跨国公司母公司 parent MNC parent MNC197记帐交易 open credit open credit198滚装滚卸范畴运输 roll-on and roll-off traffic roll-on and roll-off traffic199规模经济 economies of scale economies of scale200有价保单 valued policy valued policy201从量税 specific duty specific duty202业务范围 business line business line203基础设施 capital infrastructure capital infrastructure204布雷顿森林会议 the Bretton woods convention the Bretton woods convention 205保证金 margin margin206统一关税制度 uniform tariff system uniform tariff system207208209210211212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224电子数据交换EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)国内生产总值GDP (Gross Domestic Product)国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product)购买力平价PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)增值税VAT (value added tax)国际经济新秩序 new international economic order石油输出国组织OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)东南亚国家联盟ASEAN (Association of SouthEast Asian Nations)北美自由贸易协定NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)多边投资担保机构MIGA (Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency)经济及社会理事会ECOSOC (economic social council)国际开发协会IDA (International Development Association)国际货币基金组织IMF (International Monetary Fund)经济合作与发展组织OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development)零库存 just-in-time delivery (JIT)自动出口限制VER (Voluntary Export Restriction)投资交易所RIE (Recognized Investment Exchange)国际复兴开发银行IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)国际金融公司IFC (International Finance Corporation)。
058441804高等教育自学考试 国际商务英语 有答案试题
2018年4月高等教育自学考试《国际商务英语》试题课程代码：05844I. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese1. turnkey project2. EDI3. compound duties4. CPT5. trade credit accounts6. partial shipment7. cargo receipt8. port of origin9. buying rate10. tariff quota答案：1．交钥匙工程2．电子数据交换3．混合关税4．运费付至目的地5．贸易信贷往来账户6．分批装运7．货运收据8．货物原产地港口9．买人价10．关税配额II. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English: 11．债权国12．董事会13．关税联盟14．缔约方15．分阶段付款16．资金周转17．产品自然领域18．股权投资19．增值税20．技术转让答案：11. creditor counlry 12. board of dircclors13. cusloms union 14. contracting parties15. periodic payment 16. capital turnover17. natural product provinces 18. equity investment19. value-added tax (V AT) 20. transfor of technologyIII. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right:21. spur a. unable to pay debts22. welfare b. ability to succeed in operation23. remittance c. to urge or encourage24. business line d. to repay or pay off25. drawee e. a person or thing that closely resembles another in position or function26. insolvent f. a person to whom a draft is drawn27. viability g. a person engaged in the practice of a profession or occupation28. redeem h. money sent by post29. practitioner i. goods dealt in by a company30. counterpart j. well-being答案：21. c 22. j 23. h 24. i 25. f26. a 27. b 28. d 29. g 30. cIV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English:31. invoice32. credit-worthiness33. revenue34. exchange rate35. FCA答案：31. a document for the general description of the goods and the price32. being believed or accepted by olhers as rcliablc in making payments33. the total annual income of a state34. the price at which one currency can be exchanged for another currency35. Frcc CarricrV. Answer the following questions in English,.36. Explain briefly how a member borrows from the International Monetary Fund.37. What is a joint venture? How are the proportions of ownership determined?38. What are the differences between visible trade and invisible trade? Give a few examples ofinvisible trade.39.What are the nature and objectives of OPEC?答案：36. A member country is allowcd to bon'ow up to its gold tranchc contribution, now c,'-dlcd reserve tranchc contribution atttomatic,'-dly, and ,an additional 100 percent of its contribution in 4 steps, each with additionally stringent conditions established by tmf37. A joint venture is ,an independent business entity founded and owned by two or mom parlncrs called parents. (2 5})Thc proportions of owncrship between thc partners may bt: cquat or uncqual depending on their respective investments that al;: mostly in thc form of capital butt may also bc in land, equipment, or intellectual property.38.Visible trade involves thc import ,and export of goods, while invisible trade involves thc cxch,'mgc of services between coLmtdcs. Examples of invisible trade, include transportation service across national boLmdafics, insurance and tourism.39. OPEC (thc Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countrics) is thc most influcntial commodity cra'tel composed of thirLccn members established in 1960 with hcadquartcrs at Vienna. By assigning production quotas among its members, OPEC tried to limit thc ovcr,"dl crude oil supply of the world for thc purposc of maintaining higher oil prices.VI. Translate the following into Chinese:40. Sending goods from one country to another, as part of a commercial transaction, can be a risky business. If they are lost or damaged, or if delivery does not take place for some other reason,the climate of confidence between parties may degenerate to the point where a law suit isbrought.答案：40．作为商业交易的一部分，把货物从一国运至另一国可能是件冒风险的事。
058441910高等教育自学考试 国际商务英语试题
2019年10月高等教育自学考试《国际商务英语》试题课程代码：05844I. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese1. management contract2. banknotes circulation3. most-favored-nation treatment4. negotiable transport document5. barter6. ransshipment7. bill of lading8. terms of sale9. selling rate10. joint ventureII." Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English 11．发票12．跨国公司13．出口关税14．不可抗力15．光票16．循环信用证17．中间产品18．宽限期19．证券交易所20．差别待遇III. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right21. recipient a. absolutely necessary22. input b. fail to carry out an obligation23. maritime c. an outlet for discussion of matters of interest to a given group24. indispensable d. deficiency25. default e. something that is put in business operation26. after sight f. a person or an organization etc. that receives something27. claim g. a payment demanded in accordance with an insurance policy28. devaluation h. connected with the sea or navigation29. shortfall i. after presentation of draft30. forum j. the act of government in reducing by law the exchange value of itscurrency in units of gold or as compared with other currencies.IV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English31. liability32. leading bank33. purchasing power34. synergy35. CIPV. Answer the following questions in English36. What is the relationship between MNEs and their host countries?37. What is franchising7 How is it different from licensing738. Explain the difference between clean credit and documentary credit.39. What are the possible factors on the supply side that influence a firm's decision to undertake FDI?VI. Translate the following into Chinese40. Tariff barriers are the most common form of trade restriction. A tariff is a tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the boundary of a customs area which usually coincides with the area of a country. A customs area extending beyond national boundaries to include two or more independent nations is called a customs union.41. The pressure caused by the First World War on economy coupled with the impact of the Great Depression put an end to the fixed exchange rate system. The Bank of England was no longer able to redeem its paper currency for gold at par value and allowed its value to be determined by supply and demand. With Britain abandoning the gold standard, there appeared different areas in the world.VII. Translate the following into English42．合同依法实施，未能履行合同义务的一方可能受到起诉，并被强制做出赔偿。
4月全国自考国际商务英语试题及答案解析
全国2018年4月自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码：05844Ⅰ. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese （10%）1. customs area2. roll on-roll off traffic3. amendment4. gold standard5. gilt-edged stocks6. compound duties7. discount rate8. certificate of quality9. national treatment10. cost economiesⅡ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English（10%）11．世界银行12. 互利贸易13. 保兑信用证14. 装船通知15. 增值税16. 追溯到17. 原产地港口18. 货物保险19. 商品交易会20. 目的地Ⅲ. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right（10%）21. integration a. the act of putting money to use in something offering profitable returns22. voluntary offer b. connecting with the sea or navigation123. draft c. producing optimum results for the expenditure24. viability d. combining into a whole25. investment e. a person or an organization etc. that receives something26. export earnings f. the amount paid by an insured for coverage under the contract27. maritime g. an offer made on the initiative of the offerer28. premium h. money earned on the sale of goods to other countries29. cost-effective i. ability to succeed in operation30. recipient j. an unconditional order to someone to pay a sum of moneyⅣ. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English （10%）31. absolute advantage32. irrevocable credit33. indemnity34. green field strategy35. APECⅤ. Answer the following questions in English（20%）36. Why is it necessary to revise Incoterms in 1990?37. Why was the Special Drawing Right created?38. What contents should be included in a firm offer?39. What does international business refer to?Ⅵ. Translate the following into Chinese （15%）40. In insurance of all risks, the insurer is responsible for total or partial loss or damage to the insured goods arising from natural elements or from sea perils, including all losses caused by accidents to the carrying vessels or craft or by any external causes. But it does not, as its name suggests, really cover all risks.41. The term Triad refers to the three richest regions of the world, the United States, the European Union and Japan that offer the most important business opportunities. Any international enterprise must bear Triad in mind if they want to be successful in the increasingly competitive world market.Ⅶ. Translate the following into English（25%）242.在正常的市场交易中，由于使用货币及市场手段，货物的买与卖是分别进行的。
自考国际商务英语05844重点7-22
E: EXW F: FCA, FAS, FOB C: CFR, CIF, CPT, CIP D: DAF, DES, DEQ, DDU, DDP
What are the four different categories of terms in Incoterms 2000? In Incoterms 2000, the terms have been grouped in four basically different categories: Group E (departure), Group F (Main carriage unpaid), Group C (Main carriage paid) and Group D (Arrival).
The settling of a contract合同的构成 The title The contract proper
The name and address of the buyer and the seller The details of the commodity transaction The terms and conditions mutually agreed
The reasons for the 2000 revision of Incoterms
Spread of customs-free zones无关税区的发
展 Changes in transportation practices运输方式 的变化 Increased use of electronic communication 电子通讯使用的增加
Lesson 9 modes of trade
05844国际商务英语国际商务英语商务术语总结
05844国际商务英语国际商务英语商务术语总结05844国际商务英语国际商务英语商务术语总结Lesson11.Customsarea关税区:2.Conversion货币兑换3.Visibletrade有形贸易: The form of modity trade,i.e.exportingand importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.(including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade) 4.Invisibletrade无形贸易: The form of transportation, munication, banking,insurance, consulting, information etc.is called invisible trade or service industries.5.FDI外国直接投资:Foreign direct investments.Returnsthrough controlling the enterprises or assetsinvested in a host country./P.256.Onecountry acquires assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.6.Portfolioinvestment证券投资: Purchases of foreign financial assets fora purpose other than controlling.7.Stocks股票:Capital stocks or bonds.8.Bonds债券:The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest.9.Maturity（票据等）到期10.Certificateof deposit大额存单11.Licensing许可经营:In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country.They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive ine in the form of royalty.12.Franchising特许经营:Under franchising, franchisee is allowed to operatein the name of another, franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.13.TradeMark商标14.Patent专利15.Royalty专利（许可）使用费，版税16.Copyright版权17.Licenser许可方18.Licensee被许可方19.Franchiser特许方:A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand ,names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.20.Franchisee被特许方:A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another.21.Managementcontract管理合同: Under a management contract, one panyoffers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment ora percentage of the relevant business volume.22.Valuechain价值链23.Turnkey project“交钥匙”工程: For aninternational turnkey project, a firm signs a contractwith a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon pletion.24.建设、经营和移交:Build,Operate, Transfer25.Expertise专门知识26.Bonus红利、奖金、津贴27.Royalty 许可使用费28.Internationalinvestment国际投资: Supplying capital by residents of one country to another.29.Contractmanufacturing承包生产 30.GATT关贸总协定:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade31.Internationalbusiness国际商务: Transaction between parties from different countries.Sometimesbusiness across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.32.Intellectual property知识产权 33.Oildeposit: 石油储备 =oil reserves 34.thereserves of natural resources 自然资源储备35.Personaladvancement个人的晋升，个人素质的提高以及个人事业的进步等。
05844 自考国际商务英语复习资料
05844 自考国际商务英语复习资料lesson 1 International Business1.International business国际贸易Transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders ofdifferent customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.2.Visible trade有形贸易The form of commodity trade. i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one countryfor consumption or resale in another.3.Invisible trade无形贸易The form of service trade. i.e. transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc.4. Franchise特许An arrangement by which an monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in a certain area.Franchising特许经营A special form of licensing. A firm, called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logo, and operating techniques for royalty.5. Licensor 给予许可的人A person or a company granting a licenceLicensing许可经营/国际许可A firm lease the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. Such as trademarks, brand names, patents, copyright or technology.6. Non-tariff barrier非关税壁垒All forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs, including prohibitions and quotas, etc.7. Portfolio证券The entire collection of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits for purposes other than controlling.8. Turnkey contract交钥匙工程One in which one of the parties agree to supply, at the contract price, a complete product ready for use, such as a new home, factory, ship, etc.9. Contract manufacturing承包生产A firm can concentrate on their strongest part in the value chain.11. Major differences between international business and domestic business.Ans: Differences in (1) legal system (2) currencies(3) cultural background:language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc.(4) natural and economic conditions,12. Major types of international businessAns: (1) trade : A. commodity trade B. service trade(2) Investment :(difference)A. foreign direct investment (FDI外国直接投资)(is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country.)B. portfolio investment 证券投资(refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.)(3) other types: A. licensing & franchising(in comparison with the relation between the licenser and licensee, franchiserhas more control over and provide more support for the franchisee.)B. management contract &contract manufacturingC. turnkey project & BOT(making profit from operating the project for a period )13. Why do firms choose licensing as a means of entering a foreign market? Ans:(1) do not have to make cash payments to start business ;(2) receive income in the form of royalty;(3) benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership ormanagement.14. Under what condition is management contract most applicable? Ans: When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers tobe of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation. A foreign companyto operate in the industry without owning the assets.Lesson 2 Income Level and the World Market1. PPP购买力平价--purchasing power parityPurchasing power购买力 of persons, the public, having the money to buy goods and services.2.Recipient接受者 a person or an organization etc. that receives something.3. Infrastructure基础设施large-scale public services, such as water and power supplies, road, rail and radio communications,etc. Needed to support economic activity, esp.industry, trade and commerce.4. GNP---refer to the market value of goods and services produced by the property andlabor owned by the resident of an economy.(国民生产总值)(focuses on ownership of the factors of production)GDP---refer to the market value of all goods and services produced within thegeographic area of an economy.(国内生产总值)(concentrates on the place where production take place),5. Countries of the world are divided by the World Bank into 3 categories:(1) high-income countries (per capita income of $9,386 and above):A. OECD (the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)B. Rich oil producing countries of the Middle East (Kuwait, Saudi Arabia &Arab Emirates)C. Small-industrialized countries or regions (Israel, Singapore, HK and Taiwan)(2) middle-income countries (per capita income bellow $9,386 but above $765 )A. 6 OECD members ( Czech, Greece, Hungary, Mexico and Turkey )B. -a. Some Latin American countries-b. Some Asia countries (China, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand)-c. Some South African and oil-producing countries (Libya, Nigeria, Algeria)(3) low-income countries (per capita incomes of only $765 or even less)Include: most African countries, some Asia countries and a few Latin American countries.6. High-income countries often have :(1)good infrastructure (2)high purchasing power (3)advanced technology(4)efficient management(5)favorable environment for trade and investmentA. Offer prime markets for expensive consumer goodsB. Are both attractive sources and destinations of investment7. Low-income countries should not be neglected in international business activities:(1) lower-priced staple goods (2) cheap labor(3) are often rich in resources (4)market is something to be developed8. In what way, GDP&per capita income significant in assessing(评估)the potential of aparticular market:(1)GDP is important in market assessment for durable equipment耐用设备or bulk goods大宗货物, such as grain谷物, steel, or cement水泥. (indicates the overall size of an economy)(2)Per capita income is important when marketing consumer durables.(reveals the average incomelevel of consumers)9. China with a per capita income of over $1,100 is a middle-income countriesthough is was a low income countries just a few years ago.10. The best policy for China to develop business opportunities iswherever advantageous while keeping in mind the key markets.11. Triad ---refers to the 3 richest region of the world ( the United States, the EU and Japan).Quad- --extend the scope of Triad to include Canada and name the broadenedgrouping Quad.12.OECD (the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)经济合作发展组织headquarters in Paris, established in 1963, have 29members (23members are high-income countries& 6 middle-income countries).Lesson 3 Regional Economic Intergration1. Major objective of regional integrationTo better enjoy the benefit of free flow of goods, services, capital, labor and other resources, countries have signed various agreement to liberalize trade among themselves while putting up barriers toeconomic activities with non-members.,2. The characteristics of a common market(1)Free trade area自由贸易区members of a free trade removes barriers to the flow of goods and services among themselves while each member still adopts its own policy as regards to trade with outsiders.(different members may have different tariff rates or quota restrictions.)The most notable(largest market)free trade area is NAFTA (the North American Free Trade Agreement), formed by the United Stated, Canada, Mexico in 1991.(2)Customs union 关税同盟by adopting(采取)the same trade policy for all members toward countries outside their organization in addition to abolishing(废除)trade barriers among themselves.(It's impossible for non-members to get into the market of the customs union in a detour(以迂回方式)as they possibly do in the case of trade with a free trade area.)(3)Common market共同市场the European Community remained a common market for some years in the pastA. Free movement of goods and servicesB. Adoption of common external trade policyC. Free movement of the factor of production (such as labor, capital, and technology)It's hard to say individual members will always benefit, still less to expect them to enjoy the advantage of factor mobility to the same degree.(4)Economic union 经济同盟A. is characterized by integration of the domestic policies of its members in respect of economy,finance etc. in addition to absence of trade barriers, practice of common external policy and freeproduction factor mobility.(not only to harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies,etc.but also use the same currency. )B. the member countries are require to surrender some of their national sovereignty, which is erodingthe tradition of the world political system based on the autonomy and supreme power of sovereign states.3. The development of EU(the European Union)欧盟:1952---ECSC (the European Coal and Steel Community)For more ambitious integration efforts.1957---EEC (the European Economic Community)Treaty of Rome ---signedAim to realizing the free movement of goods, services, labor and capital as well asharmonization of economic policies of the member countries.1967---EC (the European community)became a ture common market as evisaged by --the Single European Actformed by emrging EEC, ECSC and EURATOM(the European Atomic Energy Community)1994---EU--the strength of the Maastricht Treaty---12members(6signatories of the Treaty of Rome :France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands and Luxemburg +1973. Britain, Island and Denmark + 1981. Greece + 1986.Spain and Portugal)1995---15members (+Austria, Finland and Sweden)1999---use the common European currency for accounting and settlement2002---euro banknotes and coin were put into circulation.,4. The EU is a full-fledged(齐全的) entity.---composed of 20commissioners overseeing 23departments in charge of different affairs.---the commissioners appointed by member governments, but the commissioners are responsible tothe Union instead of their home country.(1)The Council of Ministers is the most powerful institution.A. has the final say on all important mattersB. has the power to pass legislationC. decision are made by votes allocated to member countries on the basis of their size.D. different ministers attend the council meetings depending on the matters discussed.(2)The European Parliament is an advisory body with limited power.A. vote EU membership application and trade agreements with non-members.B. believed that will be more powerful in the future.5. APEC(the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) 亚太经合组织set up at the Ministerial Meeting held in Australian capital Canberra. 1991,attended by 12members.(1) 21members:all the major Pacific Rim countries and regions.(2) has a five-layer organization structureA. the Informal Meeting of Economic leaders---held annuallyB. the Dual-Ministerial Meeting ---attended by foreign ministers and ministers in chargeof foreign trade (excluding Chinese Taipei and HK)C.the Meeting for Ministers Responsible for TradeD.the Senior Officials Meetings(SOM)--attended by vice ministers, departmental directors or ambassadors to implement(执行) decisions by economicleaders and ministerial meeting.E.four subordinate committees under SOMmittee of Trade and Investmentb.Economic Committeec.Economic and Technical Cooperation Subcommittee of SOMd.Budget Management Committee(3)the tenet and objectives---(by the Seoul Declaration)" inter-dependence, mutual benefits, adhering to an open and multilateral trading system andreduction of regional trade barriers."(4)"the two wheels of APEC"(APEC co-operation concentrates on)A. trade and investment liberation and facilitation (TILF)B. economic and technical cooperation (ECOTECH)6.OPEC(the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)欧佩克--the most influential commodity cartel(account for 40%of the global oil production)(1)composed of 13members established in 1960 with headquarters at Vienna.(2)tried to limit the overall crude oil supply(原油供应) of the world for the purpose of maintaining higher oil prices.,Lesson 4 Economic Globalization1. Economic Globalization经济全球化 as a objective trend(1)The basic featurefree flow of commodity, capital, technology, service, :and information in the context for optimized allocation优化配置Major role:A. Giving new impetus动力 and providing opportunities to world economic development.B. Making the various economies more and more interdependent相互依赖and interactive相互影响.(2)The pros and cons: different countries and peoples do not enjoy balanced benefitsA. enables countries benefit from the boom of other countriesB. makes them more vulnerable to the adverse events across the globe.the best policy for us isto follow the trend closely, availing 利用the opportunities it offer todevelop ourselves and avoiding its possible impacts.2. Multinational enterprise (MNE)跨国企业A business organization which owns (whether wholly or partly), controls and manages assets, oftenincluding productive resources, in more that one country, through its member companies incorporated 有限公司separately in each of these countries.Each member company is known as a multinational corporation(MNC)跨国公司.(1)If the MNC is established as a result of investments by the MNE, whether through the parent or through another of its already established MNC, it is an affiliate MNC.(2)If the MNC is the original investment corporation,it is known as the parent MNC, normally alsothe international headquarters of the MNE.(3)An MNE may also have various regional or operational headquarters, in addition to itsinternational headquarters.3. The characteristics of MNE(1)enormous size(2)wide geographical spread (play an important role and why?)A. have a wide range of option in terms of decisions in areasB.take advantage of changes in the international economic environmentC.engage in worldwide integrated production and market giving rise to extensive intra-MNE transactions Bcs: in order to the security of its profits, assets, organization and operations.(3) longevity and rapid growth4. Commonly objective of MNE(needs, goals, and roles)(1) profit ---the profits goal represents the basic needs of the MNEs' shareholders(2) securityA.the security in the short-and-long-runB.the security of the MNE's assets and investmentC.the security of other organizational needsa. a favorable business environmentb. supplies of raw materials and other resource inputsc. effective organizational control and managementd. transportation and communicatione. technical improvementsf. employees including managers(3)as vehicles for cross-border transfer of resources,5. The relationship between MNEs &their host countriesHost government can and do wield power over MNCs located within their territories. MNCs areunder the legal jurisdiction of their host governments which can impose various rules, regulations and laws on the MNCs to the extent of nationalizing all their assets.6. 4 types of MNCs---according to their organization and way of operation(1)multi-domestic corporations a group of relatively independent subsidiaries. ---i(2)the global corporations-iews the world market as an integrated whole. --vPower and responsibility are concentrated at the headquarters that manage production and marketing to achieve theeconomies of scale as much as possible.(3)the transnational corporation--aim to achieve both efficiency and flexibility, the activities and resources are integrated in an interdependent network of affiliates.(4)world company--as their national identities are blurred to a large extent. -Very few companies reached this level of internationalization.When such companies increasing and become dominating, the possibility of conflicts among sovereign states may begreatly reduced. Possibly they will be instrumental to the realization of complete globalization.Lesson 5 --6 International Trade1. International trade国际贸易Is defined as the exchange of goods and service produced in one country with those produced inanother.2. Other reasons for international trade:(1)the uneven distribution of natural resources among countries(2)International specialization国际生产专门化A.absolute advantage绝对利益/绝对优势(理论)---holds that a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms ofresources(capital, land, and labor.)---In reality, it is not rare that one country has no absolute advantage in any commodity.parative advantage比较优势(理论)---holds that even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodity, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.---it can make one country better off好转 without making another worse off恶化.The first country should specialize in the production, and export of the commodity in which its absolute disadvantageis smaller, and import the commodity in which its absolute disadvantage is greater.a.introduced by the English economist David Ricardo.b.not a static静止的 concept.(a)Switzerland--watchmaking (b)the United States--the most up-to-date technology.c.the cornerstone基石 of modern thinking on international trade.3. Primary commodities初级货物those commodities not processed, not only slightly processed, usually farm produce or raw material.3. Other bases for trade among countries(1)patterns of demand(2)economy of scale(i.e. The cost advantage of large-scale production)The cost for the production will decrease if the goods are produced on a larger scale.(3)innovation or style,4. The theory of international specialization and other bases for trade seeks to answer thequestion:Which countries will produce what goods, with what trade patterns among them.5. The reasons for complete specialization may never occur(1)for strategic or domestic reasons.a country may continue to produce goods for which does not have an advantage.(2)affected by transport cost.( the cost of transport reduces the benefit of trade,like bulky or perishable goods)(3)protectionist measures which are often taken by governments.6.Tariff barriers关税壁垒---are the most common form of trade restriction.7.Tariff关税---is a tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the boundary of a customs area.8.customs area关税区---usually coincides with the area of a country.9.customs union关税同盟---is a customs area extending beyond national boundaries to include two or more independent nations.10.Import duties进口税--are tariffs levied on goods entering an area.(more common) (1)specificduty--duties levied on the basis of quantity, weight, size etc. of the goods.(2)ad valorem duty--duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods.(3)compound duty--the combination of specific duty&ad valorem duty.11.Export duties出口税--are tariffs levied on goods leaving an area.Coz. Most nations want to expand exports and increasing their foreign exchange earnings.12.drawback退税refers to duties paid on imported goods that are refunded if the goods are reexported.13.MFN(the most-favoured-nation)treatment最惠国待遇refers to a tariff treatment under which a country is required to extend to all signatories any tariffconcessions granted to any participating country.It is not really special but is just normal trading status. It gives a country the lowest tariffs only within the tariff'sschedule, is still possible to have lower tariffs.14.Quotas配额or quantitative restrictions数量限制the most common form of non-tariff barriers.A quota limits the imports or exports of a commodity during a given period of time.The limits may be in quantity or value terms, and quotas may be on a country basis or global, without reference to countries.15.Visible trade--involves the import and export of goods.16.Invisible trade--involves the exchange of services between countries.(1)transportation service运输服务(2)insurance保险(Lloyd's of London is a leading exporter of this service)(3)tourism旅游(4)immigrant remittance移民汇款 ---refers to the money sent back to home countries by people working in a foreign land.,Lesson 7 Incoterms 2000《2000通则》1. The necessity and purpose of having Incoterms(1)eliminate any possibility of misunderstanding and subsequent dispute.(2)to provide a set of international rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade termsin foreign trade.2. The revision of Incoterms took account of changes in transportation techniques.3. The 1990 revision of Incoterms was the desire to adapt terms to the increasing use of electronicdata interchange(EDI).It is of vital importance, when using EDI messages, to ensure that the buyer has the same legal position as he wouldhave obtained if he had received a bill of lading from the seller.4. The reasons for the 2000 revision of Incoterms(1)the spread of customs-free zones(2)changes in transportation practices(3)increasing use of electronic communication5.Incoterms 2000E terms---the seller makes the goods available to the buyer at the seller's own premises.(1)EXW---Ex work工厂交货F terms---the seller is called upon to deliver the goods to a carrier appointed by the buyer.(2)FCA---Free Carrier货交承运人(3)FAS---Free Alongside Ship装运港船边交货(4)FOB---Free On Board装运港船上交货C terms--the seller has to contract for carriage, but without assuming the risk of loss of or damage tothe goods or additional costs due to events occurring after shipment and dispatch.(5)CFR---Cost and Freight成本加运费(6)CIF--- Cost, Insurance and Freight成本、保险加运费(7)CPT---Cost Paid To 运费付至(8)CIP---Carriage and Insurance Paid To运费、保险费付至D terms---the seller has bear all costs and risk needed to bring the goods to the country ofdestination.(9)DAF---Delivered At Frontier边境交货(10)DES---Delivered Ex Ship目的港船上交货(11)DEQ---Delivered Ex Quay目的港码头交货(12)DDU---Delivered Duty Unpaid未完税交货(13)DDP---Delivered Duty Paid完税后交货6. The substantive实质性的changes made with Incoterms 2000:(1)the customs clearance and payment of duty obligations under FAS and DEQ.(2)the loading and unloading obligation under FCA.,Lesson 8 Business Contract1.Contract合同is an agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant parties.It is enforceable by law, and any party that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued andforced to make compensation, though most contract do not give rise to disputes.2.Business negotiation交易磋商: A legitimate contract can be either in written or oral form. (1)Oral---refers to direct discussion conducted:A.at trade affairsB.by sending trade groups abroadC.by inviting foreign customers(2)WrittenA. Enquiry询盘 ---is made without engagement on the part of the enquirer.a. made by the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered such as quantity,specifications, prices, time of shipment and other terms.b. a first enquiry should be given, so as to facilitate the exporter's work:(a)how the name& address of the exporter have been obtained,(b)the business line and usual practice of the importer.B. Quotation报价---may be sent by the exporter which should include all the necessary informationrequired by the enquiry. Sometimes, the exporter may make an offer to an importer voluntarily. C.Offer and acceptance发盘与接受a firm offer---is a promise to sell goods at a stated price.The validity period is indispensable必不可少的.is open untill a stipulated time or it's accepted or rejected.made of :a. the time of shipmentb.the mode of payment desiredc.an exact description of the goods: quantity, quality, specifications, packing etc. D.Counter-offer还盘---is a refusal of the offer, the offeree may find part of the offer unacceptable and may raise for further discussions his own proposals. (the price, terms of payment, time of shipment, or otherterms and conditions of the offer.)Trade is considered concluded once an offer or a counter-offer is accepted.3. The necessity of the written contractis prepared and signed as the proof of the agreement and as the basis for its execution.4. The types of contracts(1)sales contract--the contract is made by the seller(2)purchase contract--the contract is made by the buyer(3)sales/purchase confirmation--is less detailed than a contact, covering only the essential terms of the transaction. Usually used for smaller deals or between familiar trade partners.5. The setting of a contract(1)the title(2)the contract proper合同正文&address of the buyer and the sellerB.details of the commodity transactionC.terms and conditions mutually agreedD. Indication of the number of original copies, languages used, and the validity. (3)The signatures of the contracting parties(4)the stipulations规定on the back of the contractA.the shipping documents requiredB.force majeureC.arbitration仲裁D.claims理赔,,Lesson 9 Modes of Trade1.counter trade对销贸易--is a peculiar form of transaction allegedly popular in less developed countries and in centrally planned economies. It has become the generic term of describe a set of cross-border contracts that link a seller's exports to imports from the buyer.original:the pre-World War ? years the Reichsbank agreed to establish a clearing system that permitted traditional trade flows between Germany and the Balkans to continue.development:during the World War ?Britain use bilateral arrangements, West Europe setting up the European Payment Union. Subsequently,the countries of centrally planned economies(like Finland)trade credit accounts between familiar trading partners exchanged unrelated goods.In the 1970s and 1980s, counter trade partner are not necessarily familiar partner and goods exchanged are sometimes vertically related.2.The 3forms of counter trade(1)Barter易货贸易The direct exchange of goods and services which is completed in a short period of time.(2)Counter purchase互购贸易An intertemporal不同时的direct exchange of goods and services. Usually stipulated to be fulfilled within a given period of time.(3)Buyback回购贸易/补偿贸易An arrangement by an exporter or plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the output product by these goods as full or partial payment.3.The 2difference between counter purchase and buyback(1)in buyback the goods and services taken back are tied to the original goods exportedbut not in counter purchase.(2)a buyback deal usually stretches over a longer period of time than counter purchase.4.The features common to the 3forms of counter trade is bundling互相捆绑.Bundling--means the exchanges of goods and services are bundled together. (the exchanges are implemented either concurrently同时地or intertemporally不同时地)Unbundling greatly facilitates transaction and allow more efficient economic exchanges.5.The 5advantages in counter trade:(1)helps a country to deal with foreign exchange shortages; (2)promote exports;(3)reduce uncertainty regarding export receipts;(4)bypass an international price agreement(5)helps countries with debt problems to import goods.6.The drawbacks of counter trade:(1)concealing the real prices and costs of transactions . (2)company may suffer losses bcz they could not get rid of products of poor quality. (3)be considered as a form of protectionism.7.Other modes of trade:(1)processing trade加工贸易(2)consignment寄售(3)leasing trade租赁贸易(4)agency代理,,Lesson 10 International Payment1.Mutual trust is hard to build. purchase and sale of goods and service are carried out beyond national boundaries, which makes it rather difficult for the parities concerned in the transaction to。
外贸函电自考题真题2016年04月
外贸函电自考题真题2016年04月(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、第Ⅰ部分选择题单项选择题(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.______ the low stock of such goods, we would advise you to accept our offer immediately. （分数：1.00）A.SinceB.BecauseC.Owing to √D.As解析：[解析] 句意：这项货物库存紧张，我们建议你方立即接受我方报盘。
owing to表示“因为，由于”，其后接名词或名词性短语，the low stock of such goods为名词性短语，故选C。
2.We would be glad to receive your ______ catalogue and price list.（分数：1.00）A.illustrated √B.illustrationC.illustrateD.illustrates解析：[解析] 句意：我们很高兴收到你方的图解目录和价目表。
illustrate表示“图解，给……加插图”，此处为过去分词作定语。
3.Because of the ______ nature of our business, at times we may need emergency purchases. （分数：1.00）A.unprincipledB.unmistakableC.unbelievableD.unpredictable √解析：[解析] 句意：由于业务的不可预测性，有时我们需要购买意外险。
unpredictable表示“不可预测的”，对应句中的“emergency”，符合题意。
unprincipled表示“无原则的，不道德的”；unmistakable 表示“清楚明白的，显然的”；unbelievable表示“难以置信的”。
《国际商务英语》试题
《国际商务英语》试题2018年4月高等教育自学考试《国际商务英语》试题课程代码：05844I. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese1. turnkey project2. EDI3. compound duties4. CPT5. trade credit accounts6. partial shipment7. cargo receipt8. port of origin9. buying rate10. tariff quota答案：1．交钥匙工程 2．电子数据交换3．混合关税 4．运费付至目的地5．贸易信贷往来账户 6．分批装运7．货运收据 8．货物原产地港口9．买人价 10．关税配额II. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English:11．债权国12．董事会13．关税联盟14．缔约方15．分阶段付款16．资金周转17．产品自然领域18．股权投资19．增值税20．技术转让答案：11. creditor counlry 12. board of dircclors13. cusloms union 14. contracting parties15. periodic payment 16. capital turnover17. natural product provinces 18. equity investment19. value-added tax (VAT) 20. transfor of technologyIII. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right:21. spur a. unable to pay debts22. welfare b. ability to succeed in operation23. remittance c. to urge or encourage24. business line d. to repay or pay off25. drawee e. a person or thing that closely resembles another in position or function26. insolvent f. a person to whom a draft is drawn27. viability g. a person engaged in the practice of a profession or occupation28. redeem h. money sent by post29. practitioner i. goods dealt in by a company30. counterpart j. well-being答案：21. c 22. j 23. h 24. i 25. f26. a 27. b 28. d 29. g 30. cIV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviationin English:31. invoice32. credit-worthiness33. revenue34. exchange rate35. FCA答案：31. a document for the general description of the goods and the price32. being believed or accepted by olhers as rcliablc in making payments33. the total annual income of a state34. the price at which one currency can be exchanged for another currency35. Frcc CarricrV. Answer the following questions in English,.36. Explain briefly how a member borrows from the International Monetary Fund.37. What is a joint venture? How are the proportions of ownership determined?38. What are the differences between visible trade and invisible trade? Give a few examples ofinvisible trade.39.What are the nature and objectives of OPEC?答案：36. A member country is allowcd to bon'ow up to its gold tranchc contribution, now c,'-dlcd reserve tranchc contribution atttomatic,'-dly, and ,an additional 100 percent of its contribution in 4 steps, each with additionally stringent conditions established by tmf37. A joint venture is ,an independent business entity founded and owned by two or mom parlncrs called parents. (2 5})Thc proportions of owncrship between thc partners may bt: cquat or uncqual depending on their respective investments that al;: mostly in thc form of capital butt may also bc in land, equipment, or intellectual property.38.Visible trade involves thc import ,and export of goods, while invisible trade involves thc cxch,'mgc of services between coLmtdcs. Examples of invisible trade, include transportation service across national boLmdafics, insurance and tourism.39. OPEC (thc Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countrics) is thc most influcntial commoditycra'tel composed of thirLccn members established in 1960 with hcadquartcrs at Vienna. By assigning production quotas among its members, OPEC tried to limit thc ovcr,"dl crude oil supply of the world for thc purposc of maintaining higher oil prices.VI. Translate the following into Chinese:40. Sending goods from one country to another, as part of a commercial transaction, can be a riskybusiness. If they are lost or damaged, or if delivery does not take place for some other reason,the climate of confidence between parties may degenerate to the point where a law suit is brought.答案：40．作为商业交易的一部分，把货物从一国运至另一国可能是件冒风险的事。
国际商务英语试题+答案
广东外语外贸大学公开学院辅导资料国际商务英语试卷（一）课程代码：05844I. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese （10%）1.International business2.GDP3.Free trade area4.Multinational corporation5.Specialization6.specific duty7.roll on roll off8.EDI9.article number10.auctionⅡ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English （10%）11.返倾销12.最惠国条款13.贴现14.充分就业15.保兑信用证16.零库存17.代位，取代18.保护主义19.免除条款（豁免条款）20.证券交易所Ⅲ.Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right （10%）21.contracting party a. amount above what is estimated as necessary22.gilts b. a business concern owned or controlled in wholeor in part by another concern23.cyclical c. recurring in cycles24.affiliate d. stocks issued by government25.legal action e. an action taken against some one in accordancewith the law.26.margin f. a country or firm that signs a legal agreement27.pooling g. a trace of land including its buildings28.verified data h. a set of international rules for the interpretation oftrade terms29.Incoterms i. authentic materials30.premises j. a combination of funds formed for common advantageⅣ. Make brief explanations of the following terms in English（10%）31.MFN32. Invisible trade33.firm offer34.open account35.L/CⅤ. Answer the following questions in English（20%）36. Was China a low -income country a few years ago? How about now?37. Can you explain the word “negotiable” in the p hrase “negotiable transport? document” ?38. What is the most common form of non-tariff barriers? Explain it in a few words.39. What is economy of scale? What is the relation between economy of scale and trade?Ⅵ.Translate the following into Chinese（15%）40. Documentary collection is a means of ensuring that the goods are only handed over to the buyer when the amount shown on a bill of exchange is paid or when the customer accepts the bill as a contract to pay by a specified date.The exporter sends the bill of exchange and the shipping documents to his bank, which forwards them to a bank in the customer’s country. This bank, or the exporter’s agents in the country concerned, takes the documents to the customer. If it is a sight bill the customer pays the amount directly. If it is a time bill he signs the bill, which means he has “accepted” it for payment within a certain specified time. In return for either payment or acceptance of payment, the customer is handed the shipping documents which give title to the goods.Ⅶ. Translate the following into English（25%）41. 在国际贸易中进出口双方都面临风险，因为总存在对方不履约的可能42. 对于一笔具体交易来说，信用证不一定是最理想的付款方式。
英语本科自考【复习资料】05844国际商务英语(词汇部分 )
国际商务英语复习题库unit one International businessI .Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese.commercial risk 贸易风险opportunity cost 机会成本absolute advantage 绝对优势intellectual property 人才资源1.visible trade有形贸易2. credit inquiry信用调查3. letter of credit信用证4.balance of trade贸易顺差5.sales contract销售合同 6.bill of lading提单7.consular invoice领事发票8. draft汇票1.counter-offer 还盘2.firm-offer 实盘3.enquiry 询盘4.offeror 发盘人5. cooperative negotiation 合作谈判6.offer without engagement 虚盘7.acceptance 承兑1.insurance premium 保险费2.certificate of origin 原产地证书3.metric ton 公吨4. inland freight 内陆运费5. FOB Under T ackle FOB 吊钩下交货1. cost structure 费用结构2. cost of production 生产成本3.profit margin 利润率4. selling cost 销售费用1.liner transport 班轮运输2. sea waybill 海运提单3. shipper 托运人4. shipping marks 运输标志5. war risks 战争险6. natural calamity 自然灾害7.total loss 全损8. sue and labor expenses 施救费用1. promotion 促销2.international marketing 国内营销3.product differentiation 产品差异化4. sociocultural factors 社会文化因素5. market structure 市场结构1. financial instruments 金融工具2. crossing cheque 划线支票3. sight bill 即期票据4. commercial invoice 商业发票5. shipping documents 船运单据6. consular invoice 领事发票7. insurance policy 保单1.remitting bank 汇出行2. consignment 寄售3.D/P 即期付款交单4. D/A 承兑交单5. credit assessment 信用评估6. performance guarantee 履行合同保证金7. overdraft guarantee 账号透支保函1.export commodities fairs 出口商品交易会II. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English.国际商务international business 商业借贷commercial credit 双重征税double taxation 世贸组9.trade barrier贸易壁垒10.tariff关税11.export trade出口贸易12.letter of credit信用证13. transit trade过境贸易14.entrepot trade转口贸易15.certificate of origin原产地证书8.询盘enquiry 9. 还盘counter-offer 10.受盘人offered 11.发盘人offeror 12.虚盘offer without engagement 13. 实盘firm-offer6. 技术转让technological transfer7.内河航运inland water transportation8. 贸易协定trade agreement5.支付货币money of payment6. 硬货币hard 6. 市场细分market segmentation7.营销战略marketing strategy8. 消费者行为customer behavior9. 营销组合marketing mix 10.营销环境marketing environment 11. 目标市场target market12.营销研究market research currency 7.汇率exchange rate 8. 折扣discount9.期货/现货市场spot market9. 物权凭证document of title 10. 清洁提单clean bill of lading 11. 投保人policy-holder 12. 共同海损general average 13. 水渍险WPA ( with particular average)8. 价格术语term of price 9. 本票promissory note 10. 背书endorsement 11. 承兑人acceptor12. 受票人drawee 13. 商业单据commercial documents 14.提单bill of lading 15. 原产地证明certificate of origin 16.海关发票customs invoice10. 保兑行confirming bank 11. 议付行negotiating bank 12. 国际保理international factoring13. 银行保函bank guarantee 14. 光票托收clean collection 15规格、明细单specificationIV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English.31.AQSIQ is abbreviation for The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局（简称国家质检总局）p29（卷一）32. international trade, also known as world trade or overseas trade, is the fair and deliberate exchange of goods and services across national boundaries.P1733 Balance of trade indicates the balance between the export value and the import value in a given period.P20（卷四）34.Incoterms is abbreviation for International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms 国际贸易术语解释通则P21（卷二）35. A packing list is a document made out by the seller stating the detailed content of each individual shipment.P33 (卷三）IV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English.31.positional bargaining is based on fixed, opposing viewpoints and tends to result in compromise or no agreement at all 立场型谈判P46（卷一）32 Contract P65 A contract is an agreement that creates an obligation, which is a binding, legally enforceable agreement between two or more competent parties.33.offer with engagement P61 is the kind of offer, in which the offeror's intention of making a contract is definitely indicated, and under which the offeror cannot revoke or amend what he has offered during the validity of the offer.IV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English.FOB--- free on board (d port of shipment)CIF---P83 cost, insurance and freight (d port of destination) 成本加保险费加运费（指定目的港）CIP--- P89 carriage and insurance paid to (d place of destination)运费，保险费付至IV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English.customs duties P112 are taxes imposed by a government on the import or export of products or services, whose cost factors must be taken into account by the exporter when he prices his products.（卷一）marginal cost P115 is the variable costs per unit of the production 边际成本，是增加一单位（output) 随即而产生的成本增加，其等于总成本的变化量除以对应产量的变化量。
自考国际商务英语(05844)教材英文课文(2005年版)电子版
自考国际商务英语（05844）教材英文课文(2005年版)电子版LESSON 1 International BusinessTHE STRUCTURE OF THE ARTICLE:了解国际商务与内商务的区别，熟悉贸易、投资及其他际商务活动的含义、特点、运作方式等。
Major difference between international business and domestic business(A. differences in legal systemB. differences in currenciesC. differences in cultural backgroundD. differences in natural and economic conditionsMajor types of international business.A. tradea. commodity tradeb. service tradeB. investmenta. foreign direct investmentb. portfolio investmentC. other typesa. licensing and franchisingb. management contract and contract manufacturingc. turnkey project and BOTTEXT:International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export, such as business between Hong Kong and Taiwan.International business involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business. The followings are some major differences between the two:1(The countries involved often have different legal systems, and one or more parties will have to adjust themselves to operate in compliance with the foreign law.2(Different counties usually use different currencies and theparties concerned will have to decide which currency to use and do everything necessary as regards conversion etc. Uncertainties and even risks are often involved in the use of a foreign currency.3(Cultural differences including language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc. Often constitute challenges and even traps for people engaged in international business.4(Countries vary in natural and economic conditions and may have different policies towards foreign trade and investment, making international business more complex than domestic business.With the development of economic globalisation, few people or companies can completely stay away from international business. Someknowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement. International business first took the form of commodity trade, i. e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one countryfor consumption or resale in another. This form of trade is also referred to as visible trade.Later a different kind of trade in the form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. gradually became more and more important. This type of trade is called invisible trade(无形贸易). Today, the contribution of service industries of thedeveloped countries constitutes over 60 ,of their gross domestic products and account for anincreasing proportion of world trade.Another important form of international business is supplyingcapital by residents of one country to another, known as international investment. Such investments can be classified into two categories. The first kind of investments, foreign direct investments or FDI for shortis made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country. The host country is a foreign country where the investor operates, while the country where the headquarters of the investor is located is called the home country. The second kind of investment, portfolio investment(证券投资) refers to purchases offoreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling. Suchfinancial assets may be stocks , bonds or certificates of deposit. Stocks are also called capital stocks or bonds. Bonds are papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest. The maturity period of a bond is at least one year, often longer, for example five, or even ten years. Certificates of deposit generally involve large amounts, say 25 thousand US dollars.Besides trade and investment, international licensing andfranchising are sometimes taken as a means of entering a foreign market. In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property (知识产权)to a firm in another country. Such intellectual property may be trademarks (商标), brand names (品牌), patents (专利), copyrights (版权) or technology. Firms choose licensingbecause they do not have to make cash payments to start business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty. Besides, they can benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management. The use of licensing is particularly encouraged by high customs duty and non-tariff barriers on the part of the host country. However it is not advisable to use licensing in countries with weak intellectual property protection since the licensor may have difficulty in enforcing licensing agreement.Franchising can be regarded as a special form of licensing. Under franchising, a firm, called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in thename of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos, and operating techniques for royalty. In comparison with the relation between the licenser and the licensee, the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee.The franchiser can develop internationally and gain access to useful information about the local market with little risk and cost, and the franchisee can easily get into a business with established products or services. Franchising is fairly popular especially in hotel and restaurant business. Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing, and turnkey project.Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume. Sometimes bonuses based on profitability or sales growth are also specialized in management contracts. Government policies often have a lot to do with management contracts. When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts may be a practical choiceenabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning the assets.By contract manufacturing, a firm can concentrate on their strongest part in the value chain, e. g. marketing, while contracting with foreign companies for the manufacture of their products. Such firms can reduce the amount of their resources devoted to manufacture and benefit from location advantages from production in host countries. However, loss of control over the production process may give rise to problems in respect of quality and time of delivery.For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion. Such projects are often large and complex and take a long period to complete. Payment for a turnkey project may be made at fixed total price or on a cost plus basis. The latter way of payment shifts the burden of possible additional cost over the original budget onto the purchaser.BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey project where B stands for build, O for operate and T for transfer. For a BOT project, a firm operates a facility for a period of time after building it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company. Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major difference between BOT and the common turnkey project. Needless to say, the contractor has to bear the financial and other risks that may occur in the period of operation.2 income level and the world market——————————————————————————————————————————————掌握国内生产总值，国民生产总值，人均收入等概念的含义。
国际商务英语2016年4月真题及答案解析
11. 11.外汇
2
答案：FOREIGN EXCHANGE 解析：该表达选自 L17。exchange 一般意为“交换”，这里理解为“兑换”更加确切。相关表达还 有 exchange rate 汇率。
6. 6.shipping marks
1
答案：唛头
解析：该表达选自 L13。唛头即为发货标记，装运标志。 例：Port of destination, package number, gross and net weights, measurement and shipping mark shall be stenciled conspicuously on each package. 每件货物上应刷明到货口岸、件号、毛重及净 重、尺码及唛头。
16. 16.大宗货物 答案：BULK GOODS 解析：该表达选自 L2。bulk 为“大批量的”、“大宗的”，可以同时记忆相关表达，如：大量生 产；批量生产 bulk production 17. 17.自有承运人
7. 7.indirect quote 答案：间接标价
解析：该表达选自 L17。也称 indirect quotation，这个表达更为正式。与之对应的表达是 direct quote 直接标价。这两种不同的汇率表示方法课文均有详细说明。而大家有时仍会混淆，可以 通过简单的例子来加强理解，例如：买菜时若说 2 元钱 1 斤则类似直接标价，若说 1 元钱买 半斤则类似tment 答案：差别待遇
解析：该表达选自 L22。differential “差别的”，treatment“对待”、“待遇”。 指对不同国家的进 口货物使用不同关税的差别待遇。non-discrimination principle 或者 principle of nondiscrimination treatment 为“无差别待遇”。