情态动词的特点
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
eg If you will allow me, I will see you home. I will have nothing to do with this matter. No matter what happened, he wouldn’t say a word. If he kept on making mistakes, I wouldn’t make friends
with him. ▪ 2) will用于第二人称，表示有礼貌的请求，would为过去式，
但语气更委婉 eg Will you kindly hand me the watch?
Bring the fruit to the dining-room, will you? --- Would you do me a favor? --- Yes, I will./ Sure / Of course/ Certainly. No, I won’t./ I’m sorry I can’t. Will/ Would you please do… Would you like to do sth. would rather do sth. (than do sth.)
否定式： can’t
must + V
must + be doing
must + have done
eg: 情态动词must猜测性的反义疑问句
He must be a doctor, isn’t he?
（表现在状态， 用be）
He must live near here, doesn’t he?
（表现在动作，用do, does）
样做”的意思，有时态、人称的变化, have got to用于口语，don’t have to 为 否定式，意为“不必要”
eg
She didn’t have to say sorry.
Do we have to answer all the questions?
Next year I will have to leave this school. ▪ 3） must 表推测（一般用于肯定句）意为：一定
5 should / ought to
▪ 两者意义基本相同，用法也相同 ▪ 1）表示劝告或建议，should语气比ought to 弱，意为“应该”，否定式
shouldn’t, ought not to意为“不应该” eg You should get everything ready before the examination.
He must have come here yesterday, didn’t he? （表短暂性过去动作，用did）
They must have been to Beijing, haven’t they? （表现在状态，用have, has）
4 will / would; shall
▪ 1) will表示意志意愿，用于各种人称，可译为“肯”、 “会”、“愿意”等，过去式为would
He seems to be able to work out the puzzling question. B.当用于过去时态时，could表示能力，但有没有做，不知；
而was/were able to 指过去某种具体的能力，通过努力并 做成功了，相当于managed to或succeeded in
eg: He is able to (= can) play the piano very well.
After three years of hard work, he was able to pass the entrance examination.
The large hall will be able to hold 5000 audience.
eg May I come in? No, you can’t / may not. Yes, please.
No, you mustn’t. (强烈禁止，不允许)
Yes,
certainly
Please don’t. Sure. ▪ Might也可以表示允许，Might I ?和May I...?用法相近.
eg: a. The young girl can’t be our new chairman.
Can/ Could the news be true?
b. He can’t be reading in the reading room, for I saw him in the street just no
eg: You could have caught the first train, but you got up too late.
▪ 6) Can/ could与 be able to 的区别 A. be able to do sth.也表示能力，可以用于不同时态，前后
还可以用情态动词must, may, might以及seem to, used to, appear to等，而can/could只用于一般现在时和一般过去.
They may be arguing. But I am interested in what they can/ could be arguing.
c. The road isn’t wet. It can’t/ couldn’t have rained last night.
I don’t know why she didn’t call me yesterday. Can/ Could she have forgotten my telephone number? ▪ 5) could have done本能做却没有做, can have done这种 结构不存在
Yes, of course you can.
▪ 4) can 和could 表推测（can用于否定及疑问, could肯定、 否定、疑问皆可）
can (could) not + V原（link.或状态动词）对现在状态的推测 can (could) not + be + doing对现在动作的推测 can (could) not + have done 对过去动作的推测
You mustn’t jump the queue.
Must I be home before eight o’clock?
---Yes, you must. ( No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.) ▪ 2） have to和must意义相近，意为“不得不”，含有“客观需要使得必须这
c. ---He seems know the city quite well.
--- He may/ might have been there before.
3 must 和 have to
▪ 1) 表示必要性、义务，“应该”、“必须”的意思，否定式mustn’t 表示不 允许
eg You must wait for your turn.
▪ 2) 表示客观可能性 eg: Man cannot live without air. ▪ 3) 表示征求意见或请求许可，表示语气委婉 eg: Can I go for a swim this afternoon, Mum?
Could you lend me your bicycle? No, sorry, I can’t. ( couldn’t is wrong)
May all your dreams come true some day!
▪ 3) may和 might表推测（不用于疑问） may/might + V (系动词或状态性动词)对现在状态的
推测 may/might + be doing 对现在动作的推测 may/might + have done 对过去动作的推测 eg: a. He may know Alice’s address.
同义词组 be able to
have to must 可以是实义动词和情态 动词
ought to
should
1. can和 could
▪ 1) can表示体力、智力上的能力。否定式为cannot, 缩略为can’t; 过去式为could couldn’t
eg: We can do things they can’t do. Mary can type well and her mother could type well when she was young.
但might表示请求语气迟疑委婉，回答时应用may表示 肯定
eg: ---Might I ask for a Βιβλιοθήκη Baiduhoto of your family? ---Yes, you may.
▪ 2) may用在句子开头，表示祝愿
May + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分
eg: May you succeed in the coming examination!
二、情态动词的种类
原形
过去式
can
could
may
might
must
must
have to had to
had better had better
need
needed
dare
dared
shall
should
will
would
used to
ought to ought to
词义 能够 可以、也许 必须 必须、不得不 最好 需要 敢于 应该 愿意 过去常常 应该
告、允诺或威胁。 eg. You shall do it./ He shall stay at home. （命令）
You shall fail if you don’t work hard. （警告） He shall have the book when I finish reading.（允诺） He shall be punished. （威胁）
Grammar: Modal verbs
Lectured by RenQiuyu
一、情态动词的特点
▪ 1 有词义
▪ 2 没有人称和数的变化。也就是说，它在 任何主语后形式都是一样的，这是情态动 词和助动词最大的差异。
▪ 3 有时态的变化
▪ 4 不能独立作谓语，后面必须跟动词原形
在情态动词后一般要跟不带to的不定式 （ought to除外）
▪ 3) would do (used to do)表示过去常常做某事,would后只能 接动作性动词而used to 既可以接动作性动词，也可以接状 态性动词。
He would go to enjoy some wonderful films at night.
He used to be a teacher. ▪ 4) would have done 用于虚拟，与过去事实相反
He may not know Alice’s address. （可能不） He can’t know Alice’s address. （不可能） Can it be true? It may be, or may not be. b. Where’s Tom?
He may/might be playing football.
If you had helped us, we would have finished our homework ahead of time. ▪ 5）shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对 方意见或向对方请示。
eg Shall we go and get some food?
When shall he be able to leave the hospital? ▪ Shall 用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警
eg: He could sing many English songs.
It’s known that he was able to recite many foreign poems at six.
2. may 和might
▪ 1) may表示请求许可。疑问式May I....?多为请求允许， 通常用于正式文体
He shouldn’t be so careless. We ought to be out in the fresh air. We ought not to take risks（冒险）. ▪ 2）表示应该怎么样却没有怎么样 A. 对现在进行动作 should(ought to ) be doing / shouldn’t (ought not to) be doing eg: You should be washing your clothes. Why are you playing football? You are ill. You shouldn’t be working here B. 对过去动作 Should (ought to ) have done (本应该做却没有做)
with him. ▪ 2) will用于第二人称，表示有礼貌的请求，would为过去式，
但语气更委婉 eg Will you kindly hand me the watch?
Bring the fruit to the dining-room, will you? --- Would you do me a favor? --- Yes, I will./ Sure / Of course/ Certainly. No, I won’t./ I’m sorry I can’t. Will/ Would you please do… Would you like to do sth. would rather do sth. (than do sth.)
否定式： can’t
must + V
must + be doing
must + have done
eg: 情态动词must猜测性的反义疑问句
He must be a doctor, isn’t he?
（表现在状态， 用be）
He must live near here, doesn’t he?
（表现在动作，用do, does）
样做”的意思，有时态、人称的变化, have got to用于口语，don’t have to 为 否定式，意为“不必要”
eg
She didn’t have to say sorry.
Do we have to answer all the questions?
Next year I will have to leave this school. ▪ 3） must 表推测（一般用于肯定句）意为：一定
5 should / ought to
▪ 两者意义基本相同，用法也相同 ▪ 1）表示劝告或建议，should语气比ought to 弱，意为“应该”，否定式
shouldn’t, ought not to意为“不应该” eg You should get everything ready before the examination.
He must have come here yesterday, didn’t he? （表短暂性过去动作，用did）
They must have been to Beijing, haven’t they? （表现在状态，用have, has）
4 will / would; shall
▪ 1) will表示意志意愿，用于各种人称，可译为“肯”、 “会”、“愿意”等，过去式为would
He seems to be able to work out the puzzling question. B.当用于过去时态时，could表示能力，但有没有做，不知；
而was/were able to 指过去某种具体的能力，通过努力并 做成功了，相当于managed to或succeeded in
eg: He is able to (= can) play the piano very well.
After three years of hard work, he was able to pass the entrance examination.
The large hall will be able to hold 5000 audience.
eg May I come in? No, you can’t / may not. Yes, please.
No, you mustn’t. (强烈禁止，不允许)
Yes,
certainly
Please don’t. Sure. ▪ Might也可以表示允许，Might I ?和May I...?用法相近.
eg: a. The young girl can’t be our new chairman.
Can/ Could the news be true?
b. He can’t be reading in the reading room, for I saw him in the street just no
eg: You could have caught the first train, but you got up too late.
▪ 6) Can/ could与 be able to 的区别 A. be able to do sth.也表示能力，可以用于不同时态，前后
还可以用情态动词must, may, might以及seem to, used to, appear to等，而can/could只用于一般现在时和一般过去.
They may be arguing. But I am interested in what they can/ could be arguing.
c. The road isn’t wet. It can’t/ couldn’t have rained last night.
I don’t know why she didn’t call me yesterday. Can/ Could she have forgotten my telephone number? ▪ 5) could have done本能做却没有做, can have done这种 结构不存在
Yes, of course you can.
▪ 4) can 和could 表推测（can用于否定及疑问, could肯定、 否定、疑问皆可）
can (could) not + V原（link.或状态动词）对现在状态的推测 can (could) not + be + doing对现在动作的推测 can (could) not + have done 对过去动作的推测
You mustn’t jump the queue.
Must I be home before eight o’clock?
---Yes, you must. ( No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.) ▪ 2） have to和must意义相近，意为“不得不”，含有“客观需要使得必须这
c. ---He seems know the city quite well.
--- He may/ might have been there before.
3 must 和 have to
▪ 1) 表示必要性、义务，“应该”、“必须”的意思，否定式mustn’t 表示不 允许
eg You must wait for your turn.
▪ 2) 表示客观可能性 eg: Man cannot live without air. ▪ 3) 表示征求意见或请求许可，表示语气委婉 eg: Can I go for a swim this afternoon, Mum?
Could you lend me your bicycle? No, sorry, I can’t. ( couldn’t is wrong)
May all your dreams come true some day!
▪ 3) may和 might表推测（不用于疑问） may/might + V (系动词或状态性动词)对现在状态的
推测 may/might + be doing 对现在动作的推测 may/might + have done 对过去动作的推测 eg: a. He may know Alice’s address.
同义词组 be able to
have to must 可以是实义动词和情态 动词
ought to
should
1. can和 could
▪ 1) can表示体力、智力上的能力。否定式为cannot, 缩略为can’t; 过去式为could couldn’t
eg: We can do things they can’t do. Mary can type well and her mother could type well when she was young.
但might表示请求语气迟疑委婉，回答时应用may表示 肯定
eg: ---Might I ask for a Βιβλιοθήκη Baiduhoto of your family? ---Yes, you may.
▪ 2) may用在句子开头，表示祝愿
May + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分
eg: May you succeed in the coming examination!
二、情态动词的种类
原形
过去式
can
could
may
might
must
must
have to had to
had better had better
need
needed
dare
dared
shall
should
will
would
used to
ought to ought to
词义 能够 可以、也许 必须 必须、不得不 最好 需要 敢于 应该 愿意 过去常常 应该
告、允诺或威胁。 eg. You shall do it./ He shall stay at home. （命令）
You shall fail if you don’t work hard. （警告） He shall have the book when I finish reading.（允诺） He shall be punished. （威胁）
Grammar: Modal verbs
Lectured by RenQiuyu
一、情态动词的特点
▪ 1 有词义
▪ 2 没有人称和数的变化。也就是说，它在 任何主语后形式都是一样的，这是情态动 词和助动词最大的差异。
▪ 3 有时态的变化
▪ 4 不能独立作谓语，后面必须跟动词原形
在情态动词后一般要跟不带to的不定式 （ought to除外）
▪ 3) would do (used to do)表示过去常常做某事,would后只能 接动作性动词而used to 既可以接动作性动词，也可以接状 态性动词。
He would go to enjoy some wonderful films at night.
He used to be a teacher. ▪ 4) would have done 用于虚拟，与过去事实相反
He may not know Alice’s address. （可能不） He can’t know Alice’s address. （不可能） Can it be true? It may be, or may not be. b. Where’s Tom?
He may/might be playing football.
If you had helped us, we would have finished our homework ahead of time. ▪ 5）shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对 方意见或向对方请示。
eg Shall we go and get some food?
When shall he be able to leave the hospital? ▪ Shall 用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警
eg: He could sing many English songs.
It’s known that he was able to recite many foreign poems at six.
2. may 和might
▪ 1) may表示请求许可。疑问式May I....?多为请求允许， 通常用于正式文体
He shouldn’t be so careless. We ought to be out in the fresh air. We ought not to take risks（冒险）. ▪ 2）表示应该怎么样却没有怎么样 A. 对现在进行动作 should(ought to ) be doing / shouldn’t (ought not to) be doing eg: You should be washing your clothes. Why are you playing football? You are ill. You shouldn’t be working here B. 对过去动作 Should (ought to ) have done (本应该做却没有做)