Individual Questions_15_Simplified Chinese
中国文化习题及答案
中国文化练习题及答案P a r t1W i s d o m a n d B e l i e f s Unit 1 Confucian Thought on Heaven and Humanity Homework:(一）Questions:1) What is The Analects mainly about?2) What is Confucius’view on Heaven?3) What is Confucius’innovative idea about Heaven?4) What does the “heavenly mission”refer to?5) How is Confucius’concept of Heaven related to the modern ecological civilization?6) What is Confucius’interpretation of ren?7) According to Confucius, what is the most important part of li?8) What qualities are “persons of virtue”supposed to have?9) Why do people need to study music according to Confucius?（二）Translation1）天何言哉？四时行焉，百物生焉，天何言哉？2) 生生之谓易。
3）天地之大德曰生。
4）获罪于天，无所禄也。
5）仁者，人也，亲亲为大。
6）父母在，不远游，游必有方。
7）父母之年，不可不知也。
一则以喜，一则以惧。
8）己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人。
9）己所不欲，勿施于人。
10）子生三年，然后免于父母之怀。
11）礼之用，和为贵。
12）知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。
（三）Careful Reading1、Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.1)All the following are the titles of Confucius EXCEPT _____.A. an educatorB. a biologistC. a scholarD. a philosopher2)The expression “filial piety”most probably means being _____.A. loyal to the stateB. obedient to sister(s)C. responsibleD. dutiful to parents3) Which of the following can best describe Confucius’view on the relationship between man and nature/Heaven?A. Brothers.B. Husband and wife.C. Doctor and patient.D. Mother and son.4) Through burial and ancestral worship rituals, people can learn that______.A. nature is lifeless so it will never dieB. individual’s life can be everlasting by joining natureC. they should be grateful to their parents for giving them livesD. individual’s lifespan is short, so they should enjoy life as much as possible5) Which of the following is the most important part of Confucius’curriculum?A. Music.B. CalligraphyC. VirtueD. Mathematics6) Zi lu, Ran You and Gongxi Chi’s aspirations represent______, while Zeng Dian’s reflects_____.A. personal ambition; selfishnessB. lofty ideals; meaningless pursuitC. personal struggle; generous contributionD. individual contribution to society; harmony(四）Communication1) God bless2) Thank God3) Please God4) For God’s sake5) God forbid6) Man proposes, God disposes.7) God helps those who help themselves.Answers（一）Questions1. 1) The Analects is mainly about Confucius’ words and life story.2) Confucius regarded Heaven as nature.3) Confucius’innovative idea about Heaven is that Heaven (or nature) is the process of life creation.4)The heavenly mission is to accomplish Heaven’s purpose of protecting and improving life.5)Confucius advocated “standing in awe of the ordinances of Heaven”and warned against offending Heaven. This is, in essence, equivalent to the modern idea of staying in harmony with nature. So in this way Confucius’concept of Heaven is similar to the modern ecological civilization.6)Confucius interpreted ren as love of people, which begins with the love for one’s parents.7)According to Confucius, the most important part of li is the burial and ancestral worship rituals.8)Persons of virtue are supposed to have sound character and uplifted minds and they can shoulder important social responsibilities and make contributions to society. 9) According to Confucius, studying music can lift one’s spirit and help one appreciate beauty.（二）Translation1）Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of the four seasons and the growth of all living things.2) Continuous creation of life is change.3) The great virtue of Heaven and Earth is creating life.4) He who offends against Heaven has none to whom he can pray.5) The greatest love for people is the love for one’s parents.6) Children should not travel far while their parents are alive. If they have no choice but to do so, they must retain some restraint.7) Children should think often of the age of their parents. They should feel happy for the health and longevity of their parents. They should also feel concern for the aging of their parents.8) While fulfilling one’s own desires, allow others to fulfill theirs.9) Do not do toward others anything you would not want to be done to you.10) A child should not leave his parents’ bosom until he is three years old.11) The role of li is to maintain harmony among people.12) Simply knowing the highest standard of virtue is not as good as setting it as one’s goal. Setting it as one’s goal is not as good as enjoying practicing of it.（三）Careful ReadingB D D BC D(四）Communication1)上帝保佑[用于向某人表示关爱]2）谢天谢地，感谢上帝3）但愿[用于表示非常强烈的愿望]4）看在上帝的份上，行行好把[表示某事很重要]5）但愿（某事）不会发生6) 谋势在人，成事在天。
8508A_入门__gschi0100
8508A型参考级81/2位数字多用表操作简要说明福禄克公司北京办事处(Simplified Chinese)September 2004 Rev. 1, 8/08© 2004, 2008 Fluke Corporation, All rights reserved. Specifications are subject to change without notice.All product names are trademark of their respective companies.8508A简明操作手册2有限保证和有限责任每台福禄克的产品在正常使用和维护的情况下保证没有材料和工艺上的缺陷。
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信阳师范学院成人教育学位英语考试真题
信阳师范学院成人教育学位英语考试真题Yanshan University Adult Education Degree English Exam QuestionsPart I Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:It is said that a university education in China is worth more every day, but only for men. The author of a book on the subject, Dr. Bianca P. Seabra dos Reis, reports, "Women work like men, but everything is harder for them. Men have more time to study because they are expected to study. Most women come to university only because their boyfriends or husbands do. They are not taken seriously." She is quick to add that women with a degree do get better jobs than others. They just have to work harder to get through the university system.1. According to the passage, who comes to university only because their boyfriends or husbands do?A) womenB) menC) neitherD) both2. It is implied in the passage that women students _______.A) have to work harder to get through the university systemB) are more serious than menC) study better than menD) are not taken seriously3. The author of the passage is a _______.A) manB) womanC) doctorD) professor4. What does the author mean by saying everything is harder for women in universities in China?A) they have more difficult assignmentsB) they experience discriminationC) they are not as intelligent as menD) they are too busy studying5. According to the passage, women students must work harder because _______.A) they are not as intelligent as menB) they are not taken seriouslyC) they don't care about studyingD) they have more difficult assignmentsPassage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Small talk is often seen as a way to avoid more serious topics of conversation. People often talk about the weather, their jobs, their hobbies, etc. without really saying anything important. Nevertheless, small talk can be very useful in building relationships. For example, if you are at a meeting or a party and don't know anyone there, you can start a conversation with someone by talking about something simple. It can help to breakthe ice and make people feel more comfortable. In this way, small talk can actually lead to more meaningful conversations.6. Why do people often engage in small talk?A) to avoid serious topicsB) to annoy othersC) to show offD) to make themselves feel important7. According to the passage, why is small talk useful in building relationships?A) it helps to avoid awkward silencesB) it breaks the ice and makes people feel more comfortableC) it shows that you are intelligentD) it impresses other people8. What does the phrase "break the ice" mean?A) to make people feel comfortableB) to end the conversationC) to start the conversationD) to avoid talking9. According to the passage, small talk can lead to _______.A) argumentsB) more meaningful conversationsC) gossipD) silence10. The passage suggests that small talk is _______.A) unimportantB) only for extrovertsC) necessary for building relationshipsD) a waste of timePassage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:As the weather gets warmer, people start to spend more time outside doing physical activities. Running, biking, hiking, and swimming are all popular choices. Many people find that exercising outdoors is more enjoyable than going to the gym. They can breathe in the fresh air, enjoy the sunshine, and appreciate the beauty of nature. It can also be a great way torelax and reduce stress. So, if you want to get in shape, consider taking your workout outside.11. According to the passage, what are some popular outdoor activities?A) painting and knittingB) reading and writingC) running and bikingD) cooking and cleaning12. Why do many people find exercising outdoors more enjoyable?A) they can meet new peopleB) they can breathe in fresh air, enjoy the sunshine, and appreciate the beauty of natureC) it is more convenientD) it is cheaper13. What can outdoor exercise help to do?A) reduce stressB) increase stressC) improve memoryD) make you gain weight14. According to the passage, where is it preferable to exercise?A) in a fitness centerB) at homeC) outdoorsD) in a library15. The passage suggests that exercising outdoors can help you _______.A) socializeB) relax and reduce stressC) become more intelligentD) make more moneyPassage FourQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:Each year, thousands of people around the world take part in marathons. Some do it for charity, some for fun, and some forthe challenge. Whatever the reason, completing a marathon is an amazing accomplishment. The training required is rigorous and time-consuming, but many find it to be a rewarding experience. Whether you are an experienced runner or just starting out, running a marathon can be a life-changing event.16. Why do some people take part in marathons?A) for charityB) for funC) for the challengeD) all of the above17. According to the passage, what is required to complete a marathon?A) strict dietB) rigorous and time-consuming trainingC) team of coachesD) years of experience18. What is the reward for completing a marathon?A) a medalB) a trophyC) self-satisfactionD) money19. The passage states that whether you are experienced or not, running a marathon can be _______.A) a disappointmentB) an unpleasant experienceC) a life-changing eventD) a waste of time20. According to the passage, how many people around the world take part in marathons each year?A) thousandsB) millionsC) hundredsD) onePart II Vocabulary (20 points)Directions: There are 20 sentences in this part. For each sentence, there are 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choosethe one that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.21. We must pay _______ attention to our health.A) closeB) closedC) closingD) closely22. Can you _______ what you said? I didn't quite catch it.A) repeatB) refuseC) renewD) revolt23. The company has decided to _______ the new product launch until next month.A) deferB) defeatC) departD) declare24. The evidence proves that he is _______ of the crime.A) innocenceB) innocentC) innocentlyD) inn25. Please remind me to _______ an appointment with the dentist.A) arrangeB) adjustC) activateD) amend26. My daughter is very _______ in science fiction movies.A) interestingB) interestedC) interestinglyD) interests27. The meeting has been _______ until next Tuesday.B) carryingC) carriedD) carries28. The manager asked his assistant to _______ the report by noon.A) finishB) finishedC) finishingD) finishes29. It's _______ good idea to go hiking on such a hot day.A) aB) theC) anD) one30. Smoking is not only bad for your health, but it also_______ others.A) affectingC) affectedD) affectPart III Cloze Test (10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank, there are 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the one that best fits the context and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Marie Curie was a _______1_______ scientist known for her work on radioactivity. She was born in Warsaw, Poland in 1867, but moved to France to study at the Sorbonne University in Paris. In 1903, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, making her the first woman to win the award. In 1911, she won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, becoming the first person (and still the only woman) to win the award _______2_______ times. Unfortunately, her work with radioactive materials caused her to develop leukemia, and she _______3_______ died in 1934.1. A) famousB) fameC) famouslyD) fameless2. A) threeB) twoC) oneD) four3. A) suddenB) suddenlyC) suddentlyD) suddenlessPart IV Writing (30 points)Directions: This part is to test your ability to write. Use no less than 100 words to write an essay on the following topic.Topic: Describe your dream vacation destination and explain why you want to go there.Remember to organize your writing logically and clearly, and provide examples and reasons to support your opinions.---This document provides a glimpse into the types of questions that may be expected in the English exam for adult education degree students at Yanshan University. These questions cover a range of topics, including reading comprehension, vocabulary, and writing skills. It is important for students to practice regularly in preparation for this exam to ensure success. Good luck!。
译林版高一英语必修第二册(2019版)_Unit2_Extended_reading_名师教案
Unit2 Extended reading 名师教案教学目标By the end of this section, students will be able to:1. D escribe the change in the author’s attitudes and explain the reasons;2. Have a better understanding of tai chi including its history and the culture.教学重难点1. To understand and describe the change of feelings;2. To understand the philosophy of tai chi and Chinese culture behind it.教学过程Is the author supportive of practising tai chi? 本的观点和态度。
Step 3 First, the teacher has students scan the passage.Then he/she provides them with some graphsand has them choose the one that best describesthe change in the author’s attitudes.Sample answer: D.呈现四幅曲线图，让学生阅读文本，并选择最能表达作者兴趣变化的一幅，把抽象的心态具象化。
5’Individual WorkClass WorkStep 4 The teacher has students read the passage again. Then encourages students to find out anadjective to reflect the author’s attitudes indifferent periods with the help of Graph D andgive reasons.Sample answer:The first adjective is “hesitant”. At the verybeginning, when the author was suggested byher friend joining the Tai Chi Club, he通过让学生寻找形容词，引导学生在文中定位相关信息，将作者的心态变化自然而然地分为几个阶段，更好地描述作者的心态转变过程。
孙氏二十锦五禽戏心法口诀
Advances in Physical Sciences 体育科学进展, 2023, 11(3), 733-743 Published Online September 2023 in Hans. https:///journal/aps https:///10.12677/aps.2023.113104孙氏二十锦五禽戏心法口诀——连续性、整体性和通透性孙洪义香港城市大学系统工程系，香港收稿日期：2023年8月5日；录用日期：2023年9月7日；发布日期：2023年9月14日摘 要中华健身养生功法历史悠久、百花齐放、推陈出新、不断发展。
其中五禽戏、六字诀和八段锦等功法形象好记，安全可靠，深受广大群众的喜爱，并传播到50多个国家和地区。
本文首次提出五禽戏的历史应该有2100年而不是1800年，八段锦的历史应该是1700年而不是800年。
但是无论五禽戏，八段锦还是其他功法，有些套路越近越接近武术套路和表演套路，动作越来越多，动作越来越大，普通人望而生畏。
有的为了表演效果强调动作的美感并加入一些华而不实衔接动作，甚至有抖动发劲和丹田发声等辅助动作，夸张的衔接动作和频繁的姿势转换使得精气神不能聚集，聚集了也基本散掉。
简化版本确实方便学习和传播，但节奏更像体操，连续性、整体性和通透性有提高的空间。
另外一个特别普遍的疑问就是到底应该练五禽戏还是练八段锦？典型的回答是看个人的喜好和缘分，也有人建议两套功法一起练。
这些回答既不太明确也不现实。
本文根据中医的脏腑对应原理和本人多年参访学习和亲身尝试，编创了一套融合五禽戏，六字诀和八段锦的孙氏二十锦五禽戏(孙氏五禽戏)，并介绍了其中的动作、顺序、火候、剂量以及连续性、整体性和通透性等心法口诀。
文章还介绍了三套简化速效版本的五禽戏，用于特殊的工作生活环境，包括“文火抻拉五禽戏”，“武火运化五禽戏”和“坐式拉伸通透呼吸法”。
本文的目的是抛砖引玉，启发思考，促进中华养生功法的发展和普及。
24-form simplified Tai Chi Chuan
24-form tai chi chuanMovementsmencing (Qǐshì), Preparation, Beginning2.Part the Wild Horse's Mane (Yémǎ Fēnzōng)3.White Crane Spreads Its Wings (Báihè Lìangchì), Stork/Crane Cools Its Wings4.Brush Knee and Step Forward (Lōuxī Àobù), Brush Knee and Twist Step5.Playing the Lute (Shǒuhūi Pípā), Strum the Lute, Play Guitar6.Reverse Reeling Forearm (Daojuan Gong), Step Back and Drive Monkey Away7.Left Grasp Sparrow's Tail (Zuo Lan Quewei), Grasp the Bird's Tail1.Ward Off (Peng)2.Rollback (Lu)3.Press (Ji)4.Push (An)8.Right Grasp Sparrow's Tail (You Lan Quewei)9.Single Whip (Danbian)10.W ave Hands Like Clouds (Yunshou), Cloud Hands, Cloud Built Hands, WaveHands in Clouds11.S ingle Whip (Danbian)12.H igh Pat on Horse (Gao Tan Ma), Step Up to Examine Horse13.R ight Heel Kick (You Dengjiao), Separate Right Foot, Kick with Right Foot14.S trike to Ears with Both Fists (Shuangfeng Guaner)15.T urn Body and Left Heel Kick (Zhuanshen Zuo Dengjiao)16.L eft Lower Body and Stand on One Leg (Zuo Xiashi Duli)1.Single Whip Squatting Down, Snake Creeps Down,2.Golden Rooster Stands on One Leg, Golden Bird Standing Alone17.R ight Lower Body and Bird Stand on One Leg (You Xiashi Duli)18.S huttle Back and Forth (Yunu Chuansuo), Fair Lady Works with Shuttles,(Walking Wood), Four Corners19.N eedle at Sea Bottom (Haidi Zhen)20.F an Through Back (Shan Tong Bei), Fan Penetrates Back21.T urn Body, Deflect, Parry, and Punch (Zhuanshen Banlanchui)22.A ppears Closed (Rufeng Sibi), Withdraw and Push, as if Closing a Door23.C ross Hands (Shizishou)Closing (Shoushi)Tai Chi 24 Form Tutorial.Yang family Tai Chi. IntroductionTai Chi is a higher level of Qigong, a moving meditation technique. It may look easy, but there are many layers in it, and behind the outside simplicity you will find the infinite inner complexity. That is why this style took over the world - it offers you a lot, much more than one can possibly achieve in a lifetime.Tai Chi (Tai Tzi) means "the great limit". Tsuan means "fist". The fist of the great limit. The "limit" is a metaphor here, as many other things in Chinese philosophy, there is no limit, but only our quest for it.Here you will learn Tai Chi Meditation technique of the style Yang, called after the master Yang Lu Chan.What you will get? The inner balance. It seems like a small thing, however it does change people's life to the best. First of all, Tai Chi improves people's health, both mental and physical (read the disclaimer, and contact your family doctor, if in doubts).There is a saying, that the "thought is real", meaning that whatever you think can become true. This is not quite right. The thought is real, if it is the ONLY thought, if we focus on it, fully. Most people cannot do it, as there is always some "mental noise" present in their heads. Qigong and Tai Chi can help you to "empty" your head. Then you need to just tell yourself, what you need - and your body will respond.Tai Chi helps us to gain control over our emotions. The "normal" person, when trapped in the negative emotion - stays there. A Tai Chi (Qigong) person is always aware of his / her state, and can change it, any moment. I don't think I have to tell about the influence our negative emotions have on our health - it is well known.Tai Chi is not only the self-healing and meditative technique - Tai Chi Martial Art is among the most powerfull combat techniques. However, the first step is still to learn to control the energy flow in your body, the "chi". Without "chi" it will be just the wrestling. You should not expect to learn to fight after you learn the "24 forms", as it is not intended as a self-defense technique, however, it will help you a lot, if you continue studying the "inner" styles of kung fu. Please read the disclaimerLearning Tai Chi MeditationOne disadvantage the book has, when you compare it to the live class is the fact, that in the class the teacher can repeat the "rules" many times. Like "keep your back straight". In the book I can only do it here and there, otherwise the book will be too long. Nevertheless, there is a reason teachers repeat these rules, and the reason is - the students, especially the beginners, break these rules EVERY time they can. This was your fair warning. Learn the "rules", or find some other name for what you are doing, as it is not going to be "Tai Chi".Chinese Pressure PointsIn the text, I am referring to some Chinese Pressure Points located on the energy meridians.Tai Chi 24 Form: SampleDan TjansIn Tai Chi, you will find references to 3 so called dan tjans: the lower dan tjan, the middle dan tjan and the upper dan tjan.The lower dan tjan is located 4 fingers (meaning - width of your fingers, not length) below the belly button, more or less at the central plane of your body. On the surface, below the belly button, it is represented by the point called tsi hai (the list of important points can be found at the web site).This dan tjan is the most important in Tai Chi and Qigong, most of our work has at least something to do with "awakening" it and bringing energy into it. The middle dan tjan is located at the middle line of the body, at the level of the heart.The upper dan tjan is located between eyes and about 2 inches in.In Qigong, we work a lot with middle and upper dan tjans, but here, in Tai Chi 24 Form we will only mention them for geometrical references, as "bring your hands up at the level of your middle dan tjan".Tai Chi Postures and Tai Chi StepsBefore we begin with Tai Chi 24 Form, we need to learn how to walk. This is very important, and if you do it wrong, then your Tai Chi will be no more than aerobics, and a very slow one, too. In this chapter we are going to learn Tai Chi Postures, that appear as the final positions between steps. In the next chapter we will take a look at the Tai Chi Steps, and in the "Rules and restrictions" chapter we will learn some more rules, that you should apply, while doing Tai Chi Meditation."Working depth".In Tai Chi, we can not walk on the straight legs. So we bend our knees.After you have bent your knees to bring your center of gravity to the "comfortable" depth, you are going to walk WITHOUT jumping up and down, your center of gravity should (almost, there are few exceptions) always move parallel to the ground.Your back should always (again almost always, there are exceptions) be straight, and your coccyx should be turned forward (no exceptions here).I am going to repeat this one in "rules" chapter below, but nevertheless: the knee is ALWAYS on top of the toes of the fully loaded foot (one that has 100 % weight on it). Not to the side, and especially not inside.Din booPronounced "din boo", as in "book".The 100 % of weight is on the back foot. In the "classical" din boo, the back foot should be at 45 degrees to the direction your body faces. By the "body" we mean hips, as all moves in Tai Chi are done "from hips", or (which is just another way of looking at it) from the lower dan tjan.The front foot should point the same way your hips are facing. This is one of the most important rules (see "Rules and restrictions" chapter), when the foot is "empty" (no weight on it), it is always pointing the same direction with the hips. You turn your hips, the empty foot turns, in the same time.The front foot touches the ground with the base of the toes only, the heel is up. If you draw the line from the heel of the back foot to the base of the toes of the front foot, you will find, that this line going the same way hips are facing.The front foot can be away from the back foot, or it can be near the middle of the inner edge of it - there are some fine distinctions and terminology to use, but for our purposes it is the same din bu position.Sui booIn the previous position, the heel of the back foot and the base of the toes of the front foot were on the same line.In this position, the front foot is shifted outside a little bit. If you move your front foot back in din bu position, it will meet the back foot, the middle of the outer edge of its sole. If you move your front foot back in sui boo, the heel of the front foot will pass the heel of the back foot, at a very close (perhaps, a 1 millimeter) distance.Ma booA "sideways" position. Weight is equally distributed between both feet. As we cannot say which foot is "empty", there is no restriction on the way your toes are pointing, it is possible to turn them to the sides a little. However, if you can, keep your feet parallel.You don't have to go down very deep, though, if you can, make it low, with your thighs parallel to the floor. Most people cannot do it - if they do it right, and it is OK.By "do it right" I mean: a) back is straight and coccyx turned forward. If you turn it back, your low back will have the S-shape, and this is where your Tai Chi Meditation progress stops. b) Knees on top of toes.Gun booPronounced "goon boo", as in "book".The weight is 70 % on the front foot, 30 % on the back foot. The knee of the front foot on top of the toes (it means - if you project it down, the projection will go there). The back is straight, no bending. The hips are turned in the same direction the toes of the front foot are. The back foot is almost parallel to the front foot (it is just a little bit turned outside). If you draw two parallel lines on the floor, and project the center of gravity on the floor, too, then it will be in the middle, between these lines, NOT closer to the line, that was drawn through the front foot.StepsThe main idea of Tai Chi is to follow the dao, where In turns into Yan, and Yan turns into In. The leg, that has weight on it is tense, it is "Yan". The "empty" leg is "In". We walk in such a way, that In and Yan are constantly changing places, allowing your legs to do a lot of work, without getting tired.So make sure, when you have the "empty" foot, that it is relaxed as much as possible.Hands, on the other way, should always be relaxed.Tai Chi Steps: Step forwardBend your knees at the "working depth". Bring your hands a little bit to the side (about the width of the shoulders), in front of you. The angle between your hands and the plane where your back is should be 30 degrees. Palms down.Hands should be "floating", as if they weight nothing, wrists should be straight. Elbows (it is one of the "rules") should not be pointing to the sides, instead, they should hung down, relaxed.Move your weight on the left foot. Do an "empty step" forward and a little bit to the side with your right foot. The heel goes down first.This is VERY important point, so let's talk about it in details. In Tai Chi 24 Form (see below, in "rules"), only the empty foot can move (there are exceptions, every time it happens, I will explicitly warn you). So before we do a step, we need to move all our weight to the other foot. ALL of it.This is not the way people walk on the street, they bring their foot in the air in front of them, and then fall on it. In Tai Chi, it is called "double weight" and is strictly prohibited. There is a martial explanation for it - when you are "falling", you are off balance, and your opponent will use it to his advantage.So, we need to bring our foot forward, and to put it on the ground BEFORE we begin shifting the weight. Which means, that the length of our steps depends on how deep down we brought our center of gravity, when we were choosing the "comfortable depth". Of course, one can sit down, do a step, and then go up... In Tai Chi is called "jumping up and down" and is illegal, too. From the martial arts perspective, when you "jump up", your balance is compromised, when you "jump down", your ability to move is limited.As for the "energy" point of view, if your center of gravity jumps up and down, the In does not turn into Yan, when you change legs, so your "dynamic meditation" is compromised, too.After you have brought an empty foot forward, move your weight on it. To do it, first straighten your left knee, while bending the right knee. When you did it, bring your left heel up, and only after that, lift your left foot.Note, that as our empty foot should always point same way hips are facing, we can step forward and to the side, but the toes should still point forward.As before, we should avoid the double weight. It means, that we should transfer the weight smoothly, and should NOT push with the back foot, to move few more inches forward (if you have to push against the ground with your back foot, in order to lift it, it means that your step was too wide).Note, that you go forward with your lower dan tjan, keeping your back straight, and your coccyx turned forward.Finally, bring the left foot towards the right foot. From this position you can do another empty step - with the left foot, so do not put it down.Tai Chi Steps: Step backThis is the opposite to the step forward, except the foot goes back, not back and to the side.In traditional form hands are at 90 degrees, at the level of the shoulders, palms up.Move your weight on the left foot. Keep the back straight.Do an empty step back. When the foot touches the ground, the leg is almost straight. "Almost" means, that the knee should still be slightly bent. However, if we put the foot down on the base of the toes, heel up, then how are we going to move our weight back? The knee is already straight, and we are not allowed to fall on the back foot...To solve this problem, bend the ankle, so that the foot goes down with its sole (actually, you should try to move it heel down, though of course, it is not possible).Move your weight to the back foot. Do not bend, move back with your min man point.Bring your front foot towards the back foot. To do it, first bring up the heel, then the toes.Tai Chi Steps: Step with turnLet's say, you want to do a step East. Then the initial position will be facing North-East.Bend your knees, bringing your center of gravity at the "comfortable depth". Move your weight on the right foot.Turn your hips (and of course, the left, "empty" foot will turn the same direction) 45 degrees to the left (East).Do an empty step with your left foot. The direction of the step should be forward and left, at 45 degrees to the direction of the step (we face East, we step South-East). However, as we (our hips) are facing East, so does our left foot, so it steps a bit sideways. The heel goes down, the sole is still up.Move 70 % of your weight on the front (left) foot. When most of your weight is on the front foot, the "foot faces the same way hips face" rule applies to the back (right) foot. So we need to turn it, so it is pointing forward (or almost forward, as we still have some weight on it). To turn the foot, move the heel outside, rotating the foot around the iun tsuan point.At the end, we are in the gun bu position.To do the next step, we need to move our weight (100 % of it) back on the right foot, and to turn hips 45 degrees left (South-East). The front (left) foot goes toes up (not vertical, they just go up a little), and turns together with hips.Keep in mind, that the rule "knee on top of the loaded foot" still applies.Move your weight forward, on the front (left) foot, and bring the right foot into the din boo position, so that it is near the middle of the inner edge of the left foot. You should be facing South-East now.You are in the initial position for the next step. To do it, turn right 45 degrees, do an empty step and so on.Tai Chi 24 Form. 1. Initial form.Facing North.Initial position: heels together, toes together, knees straight, but not locked (just slightly bent). Palms are turned towards the body, touching the sides of the thighs.In this position, enter the "Qigong state", the state of a complete mental relaxation, with no thoughts. Feel your body growing, and dissolving. Of course, at the beginning you will just pretend to be relaxed, later this state will become natural for you."Pull" your body together again, moving your attention and your weight to your right side, at the end, 100 percent of your weight should be on your right foot.Step to the left with your left foot, but keep your weight on the right foot. As your right knee remains straight, the only way to do it is by putting the left foot on its toes. First, the thumb of the left foot touches the ground, then the second toe (pointing finger), the third, and so on. In the same time, begin shifting your weight to the left.After all toes are on the ground, keep moving your weight to the left, so that the outer edge of the left foot gets in touch with the ground, first its front part, then the middle, then the outer side of the heel.At the end, your weight should be distributed equally between left and right feet.By moving your weight from the thumb, by the circle to the heel, you are creating the initial "spin", as all tai chi movements are based in thenever-ending circles. This same circular motion creates the initial spin in your lower dan tjan (feel it, or at least keep your attention there).Also notice, that the point in the middle of your foot (lao gun, see the list of points at the web site) should not be pressed against the ground, it is very close, but if you take a strip of paper, you should be able to push it under your foot, from inside. That means, that the weight is more on the outer edge of the foot, then on the inner side.After the weight is on both feet, we need to turn our palms so that they face backwards. To do it, first, lift your baby finger from the surface of your thigh, as if it "knows" where the palm will be, and is going there. Then lift the ring finger, and so on, every time turning the palm, too. The last, thumb is turning. Note, that all that was said at the web site about the way your palms should be in Qigong, applies to Tai Chi as well. The fingers should be straight, forming a line (not an arch) with the palm. There should be an arch between the thumb and the pointing finger (not a sharp angle), and there should be an arch between the thumb and a baby finger (which means the thumb should not be in the same plane where the palm is).Imagine, that your hands are very (infinitely) long, that they go down in the ground. Keep your attention at the points dzjan dzi at your shoulders, making sure the shoulders are relaxed and down.Bring your hands up-forward to the shoulder level, keeping the feeling that they are very long. Then (do not think of long hands anymore) bend your hands slightly, and allow your hands to go down, until the angle between them and your body is about 30 degrees. All this time your palms should be parallel to the ground.While bringing hands down, bend your knees, so that you sit down to the "working" depth (Chi Shi). The "working" depth is personal for everyone. Generally speaking, the deeper you sit, the better, but most people cannot do that AND in the same time to follow multiple rules and restrictions (that we aregoing to discuss). The way it is shown at the picture is fine for an average Tai Chi student.With your weight still on two feet, turn 45 degrees left, and move your hands a little bit to the sides, as if you are expanding. This feeling of "pushing out" is called KHAI.Move your weight to the right foot, in the same time bring your right hand up, and turn your left palm up, as if you are holding the large ball. The right palm should be at the level of your shoulder, and in terms of its horizontal position, somewhere at the level of your right nipple. The left hand should be at the level of the belly button, almost under the right palm.Note, that the elbows are almost straight, this is a general rule in Tai Chi - hands should be "long".In the same time, bring your left foot to the middle of the right foot. The left foot should touch the ground with the base of the toes (heel up), and (see the rules and restriction chapter, "coordinations") it should point in the same direction your hips and face are facing.At this point your right foot, left foot, hips and face are facing the North-West. At this point, the "separation of In and Yan" begins. From your perspective, it means few more restrictions (see below the discussion about a double weight).Tai Chi: Rules and restrictions.Keep your back straight.Sometimes you will have to bend forward, either because you are not flexible enough, or because the exercise requires so, but even then, do not move up your coccyx. Always have it turned forward, just a little. As the other part of thisrestriction, the shoulders should not go down. If you bend forward, do it with flat back, keeping your coccyx forward (which means, your low back will be stretched).The reason for this rule have a lot to do with the idea, that energy channels on your back should be straight. Bringing your coccyx back will create an extra curve in your low back, and the energy flow will stop (or will never start).Relax your shouldersKeep your shoulders relaxed and down. Always, except when explicitly told otherwise. The attention should be always paid to the dzjan dzi points, they should not go up.As was explained at the web site, the result of this rule is the "30 degrees" rule. Your hands should not be in the same plane with your back. Instead, they should go only as far as 30 degreed to this plane (except when explicitly told otherwise). If we bring our hands in the same plane with our back (down, up, or to the sides, does not matter), our shoulders automatically go up, which is wrong.Knee above the footThis rule applies when your weight is on the foot. The knee should be on top of your foot, and not to the side (especially, not inside). Tai Chi is known for healing the knee problems, but if you do not follow this rule, you may as well create ones.Do not look downThere is nothing there to look at. Look forward, at the direction of the exercise.Coordinations1. Hip and foot.Your "empty" foot (one that have no or almost no weight on it) should always point in the same direction where hips face.2. Elbow - knee.The way we move our elbows is coordinated with our knees.3. Palm and foot.The palm and foot are moving in synch.Coordinations will be explained in details when we describe corresponding exercises.Empty foot movesIn some Qigong forms we do have situations, when you move the "loaded" foot, one that has weight on it. In "24 forms" we do not have it, except for the first and the last forms, that are "transitional" entry and exit forms. In all other forms, you need to move the weight off the foot before you can move it.There should be no "double weight"A direct result of the previous rule. If we move the foot (which means it is not on the ground at the moment) it should be empty. No double weight.Keep the center of gravity steadyWhen walking, do not jump up and down.Long hands, straight wristsIn Tai Chi you will find, that elbows are generally less bent, than you would expect, if you had some prior martial arts experience. Thet is due to the fact, that the "energy" is moving better through the (almost) straight hands.Due to the same reason, you will almost newer bend the wrists, except for the very little angles up or down, or sideways. However, when you push, your lao goon points go forward, which is done by combining the angle at the elbow and wrist.There are no stopsIn some Tai Chi styles there are stops, but even there the chi keeps moving. In Tai Chi Chen style there are no stops. The motions are smoothly flowing into each other.Elbows downElbows should always be "hanging" down. From the martial point of view, the "elbow to the side" is an invitation for an opponent to either kick you in the armpit, or to break your shoulder.From the "energy" point of view, the "elbow to the side" means, that your shoulders are tense.Tai Chi 24 Form: 2. Part horse's mane.From the martial point of view, this is a "splitting block", it "splits" the opponent's attack ("le" in Chinese).So far, we ended up facing North-West. Keeping your right foot where it was, with 100 % of the weight on it, turn your hips (and of course, your "empty" left foot turns on the spot, as it is synchronized with your hips) West.Step with your empty left foot forward and left, at 45 degrees to the direction of the motion (which is West). Put is on the heel, toes up-forward.Here we need to discuss an important implication of the rule "only empty foot can move". If we walk with our knees straight, we will not be able to do a step and to keep the foot empty in the same time! Most people most of the time are walking by raising the foot and then by "falling" on it. It can not be done in Tai Chi, because we will get the "double weight".So we bend our knees, and keep our center of gravity at the same level, as we move.First, we do an "empty step", keeping ALL our weight on the back (in this case - right) foot. We need to end up with our feet at the width of our shoulders, and not on the straight line, so we step forward and to the side (at 45 degrees).Note, that before we stepped, we turned at the right foot. It is very important to realize, that the right foot is now pointing North-West (as it didn't move), and our hips are pointing West. It is not a violation, as the right foot is not "empty".However, when we step forward and to the side with our left foot, we MUST keep it pointing the same direction our hips point, which means, we step at 45 degrees forward and to the left, BUT our foot is pointing West, and notSouth-West.Simultaneously with this empty step, move your right wrist inside (to the left) down and then outside, while your left wrist should move inside, up and outside. At the end, the right wrist should be on top of the left wrist, almost touching it, the angle between wrists is almost 90 degrees.Note that the hands are "long" (do not bend elbows) during the entire form.Move your weight t the left foot. When you do it, the left knee will bend, to end up on top of the end of the left foot. Note: in some martial arts, like in Karate, the knee can not go that far, but in Tai Chi the rules are a bit different.In the same time, your hands should continue moving the same arches they was going, so that the right hand ends up forward and down, slightly wider then the width of shoulders, palm down, while the left hand ends up pointing forward and up, slightly wider then the width of shoulders.As you move your weight forward, your back (right) foot becomes "empty". Move the heel outside, so that the foot spins counter clockwise around the iun tsuan point, until it is almost parallel to the left foot (almost pointing west).。
Tai Chi 太极
Tai ChiTai Chi is China's national essence, there is historical evidence that it originated from the Ming dynasty Chenjiagou Wen County, Henan Province, Chen Shi-ninth of the war in the late Ming Wang Chen created. It was a combination of various long boxing, combining to cater to the needs guidance, using abdominal breathing, so that can not sweat when Lianquan asthma, and to strengthen the power of the outbreak of the training, so that the smooth flow of qi and blood action. It also combines with yin and yang theory-based Meridian has become Shuangxiu inside and outside, and physical and mental training, awareness, breathing, movement is a combination of boxing strength. Action to start with soft pine, air support training efforts, may soon slow, soft in just Yu, there are just soft. Wire wrapped around it to Ling Jin , Neijin for reconciliation in order to form a Gangrouxiangji, internal and external consistency, the same up and down, and with speed, the Italian-shaped, wrapping good or bad times, the consistency of yin and yang.Tai Chi Chuan Yang Luchan after all-you, Stephen Wu, Sun Lutang, Wu Yu-hsiang, trillion, and so on and the development of various teachers, from schools into, sent birth-Yang, Wu and Sun style, Wu style tai chi, as well as Zhao fort, and so on.Tai Chi for all ages, gender, body size and the state are. Regular practice tai chi, the physical and mental health have an unexpected harvest. A simple but profound movement, chi-training, with strong, fitness, health, self-defense, self-cultivation, a lifetime benefit.I am a fan and tai chi practitioners, in Shenzhen, tai chi and the game of the first International Tai Chi Chuan Sanya healthy exchange of the General Assembly race, the better results. Is a collection of some of the boxing spectrum, is ready to work with you to exchange tai chi enthusiasts.New China Tai Chi Chuan EventsIn June 1952, the Central People's Government Chairman Mao Zedong's China Sports Federation for the second session of the Congress wrote, "the development of sports and enhance the people's physique," the inscription, and where the call is necessary to encourage people to do: to do gymnastics, play Class, race running, swimming hiking, shadow boxing.February 1956 National Education Committee and sports-related organizations, Branch Secretary Tai Chi Chuan martial arts expert, the traditional Yang-style tai chi for material establishment, "24-simplified Taijiquan", as the popularity of tai chi and laid the foundation for the world.November 16, 1978, the CPC Central Committee and Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping met with Japanese friends Miyake tai chi is a time, brush down the "shadow boxing" of the inscription, tai chi for the prosperous development of a broad roadopened up.In November 1982, the first national martial arts fight - Sanda, Taijituishou exhibition to be held in Beijing, so that the hand skill taijiquan push to show sympathy with the development, promotion of sports as a tai chi in the process.In September 1983 in Shanghai at the fifth National Games, 5000 Shanghai by the tai chi enthusiasts brought together the collective performance of the Shanghai People's Square 24-tai chi, to create a collective performance of the first 24-tai chi.April 22, 1984 -25, Hubei Xingti Wei-sponsored "International Tai Chi Chuan (sword) Invitational Tournament" held in Wuhan, brought together various factions of domestic tai chi master to stay Gu Xin, Wu Tu-nan, Li Ji, Wu Yinghua, Ma Yue Liang, Sun Jianyun, Fu Zhong Wen, Philip Yang, Yao Jizu, Wang Chen, Li Hui Guo high-class display of grace to the flourishing of tai chi, tai chi has become the world's beginning.In 1986, the National Education Committee will be shadow boxing, swords, hand-pushed as an official event the country and decided to hold a tournament every year.In March 1987, in Beijing, China held the first "Sino-Japanese exchanges of the General Assembly Taijiquan competition."In September 1987, the first Asian Wushu Championship held in Yokohama, Japan, tai chi, as an official event.In 1988, the National Education Committee of Wushu Institute of experts about the organization, according to the requirements of competition, Chen style, Yang style, Wu style and Sun style into the establishment of norms, "the four-race tai chi routines."In September 1990, the 11th Asian Games held in Beijing, was officially listed as Tai Chi Chuan martial arts events. , 1500 tai chi and Japanese fans at the opening ceremony of the collective performance of 24-tai chi.In October 1991, the first World Wushu Championships in Beijing. Tai Chi Quan Zhong as one of the three as an official event.October 15, 1998, to commemorate Deng Xiaoping's inscription of "shadow boxing" published to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the Chinese Wushu Association and the 40th anniversary of the Tiananmen Square held a grand performance of Tai Chi Chuan million people.In April 2000, the Chinese martial art Tai Chi Chuan Association, began to develop strategies for the development of globalization - tai chi health project.In May 2000, the China Association for start-wu tai chi on health, decided in May of each year as a tai chi on. And the introduction of 8-16-style simplified Taijiquan.In July 2000, in support of Wushu of the Executive Committee of the Chinese shadow boxing on May, and in May set the world on tai chi.In March 2001, the first World Taijiquan and Health Conference in Sanya City of Hainan Province.。
中南财大 国际经济学--双语期末试卷
中南财经政法大学——学年第—-学期期末考试试卷国际经济学（闭卷）卷学院专业年级班级课堂号姓名（单选，共20题，每题2分）1, Under Ricardian model, If one country's wage level is very high relative to the other's (the relative wage exceeding the relative productivity ratios), then ( )A.it is not possible that producers in each will find export markets profitable.B.it is not possible that consumers in both countries will enhance their respectivewelfares through imports.C.it is not possible that both countries will find gains from trade.D.it is possible that both will enjoy the conventional gains from trade.2, According to Ricardo, a country will have a comparative advantage in the product in which its ( )bor productivity is relatively low.bor productivity is relatively high.bor mobility is relatively low.bor mobility is relatively high.3, If Australia has more land per worker, and Belgium has more capital per worker, then if trade were to open up between these two countries, ( )A.Australia would export the land-intensive product.B.Belgium would import the capital-intensive product.C.Both countries would export some of each product.D.Trade would not continue since Belgium is a smaller country.4, Under The Specific Factors model, At the production point the production possibility frontier is tangent to a line whose slope is ( )A.the price of manufactures.B.the relative wage.C.the real wage.D.the relative price of manufactures.5, The Heckscher-Ohlin model predicts all of the following except:A.which country will export which product. ( )B.which factor of production within each country will gain from trade.C.the volume of trade.D.that wages will tend to become equal in both trading countries.6, If P C / P F were to increase in the international marketplace, then ( )A.all countries would be better off.B.the terms of trade of cloth exporters improve.C.the terms of trade of food exporters improve.D.the terms of trade of all countries improve.7, When the production possibility frontier shifts out relatively more in one direction, we have ( )A.biased growth.B.unbiased growth.C.immiserizing growth.D.balanced growth.8, If Slovenia were a large country in world trade, then if it instituted a large set of subsidies for its exports, this must ( )A.cause retaliation on the part of its trade partners.B.harm Slovenia's real income.C.improve Slovenia's real income.D.improve the real income of its trade partners.9, A lower tariff on imported steel would most likely benefit ( )A.foreign producers at the expense of domestic consumers.B.domestic manufacturers of steel.C.domestic consumers of steel.D.workers in the steel industry.10, If the poor AID(aid of international development) recipient countries have a higher marginal propensity to consume each and every product than does the United States, then such aid will ( )A.worsen the U.S. terms of trade.B.improve the U.S. terms of trade.C.leave the world terms of trade unaffected.D.worsen the terms of trade of both donor and recipient countries.11, A large country experiencing import-biased economic growth will tend to experience ( )A.no change in terms of trade.B.deteriorating terms of trade.C.improving terms of trade.D.immiserizing terms of trade.12, The most common form of price discrimination in international trade is ( )A.non-tariff barriers.B.V oluntary Export Restraints.C.dumping.D.preferential trade arrangements.13, An appreciation of a country’s currency ( )A.decreases the relative price of its exports and lowers the relative price ofits imports.B.raises the relative price of its exports and raises the relative price of itsimports.C.lowers the relative price of its exports and raises the relative price of itsimports.D.raises the relative price of its exports and lowers the relative price of itsimports.14, Under Purchasing Power Parity, ( )A.E$/E = P i US/ P i E.B.E$/E = P i E / P i US.C.E$/E = P US / P E.D.E$/E = P E / P US.15, Under the monetary approach to the exchange rate, ( )A. a reduction in the money supply will cause immediate currencydepreciation.B. a rise in the money supply will have no effect on exchange rate.C. a rise in the money supply will cause immediate currency appreciation.D. a rise in the money supply will cause a proportional long-run currencydepreciation.16, When EP*/P rises, ( )A.IM will rise.B.IM may rise or fall.C.IM will fall.D.IM is not affected.17, In the short run, a temporary increase in fiscal policy causes ( )A. a shift of the DD curve to the left, an increase in output, andcurrency appreciation.B. a shift of the DD curve to the right, an increase in output, andcurrency appreciation.C. a shift of the DD curve to the right, an increase in output, andcurrency depreciation.D. a shift of the DD curve to the left, a decrease in output, andcurrency depreciation.18, How does a rise in real income affect aggregate demand? ( )A.Y ↑→ Yd ↑→Im ↑→CA ↓→AD ↓, but Y ↑→ Yd ↑→ C ↑→ AD ↑ by more.B.Y ↑→ Yd ↑→Im ↓→CA ↓→AD ↓, but Y ↑→ Yd ↑→ C ↑→ AD ↑ by more.C.Y ↑→ Yd ↑→Im ↑→CA ↑→AD ↑, and Y ↑→ Yd ↑→ C ↑→ AD ↑.D.Y ↑→ Yd ↑→Im ↑→CA ↓→AD ↓, but Y ↑→ Yd ↑→ C ↑→ AD ↑ by less. 19, Under fixed rates, which one of the following statements is the most accurate? ( )A.Monetary policy can affect only output.B.Monetary policy can affect only employment.C.Monetary policy can affect only international reserves.D.Monetary policy can not affect international reserves.20, Under fixed exchange rate, which one of the following statements is the most accurate? ( )A.Devaluation causes a rise in output.B.Devaluation causes a decrease in output.C.Devaluation has no effect on output.共5题，每题6分)1,An Economy can produce goods A using labor and capital and goods B using labor and land. Calculate the effects of the fall in the relative price of goods B on the income of the specific factors capital and land.2, suppose that one country subsidizes its exports and the other country imposes a countervailing tariff that offsets its effect, so that in the end relative price in the second country are unchanged. What happens to the terms of trade? What about welfare in the two countries?3, Describe the pattern of trade under H-O model.4, International trade leads to complete equalization of factor prices. Discuss.5,What is the Fisher Effect? Provide an example.6,Suppose E is fixed at E0 and that the asset markets are in equilibrium.Suddenly output rises. What monetary measures keep the current exchange rate constant given unchanged expectations about the future rate?（共1题，10分）A small country imports peanuts at the price of $10 per bag. The demand curve is D=400-10P. The supply curve is S=50+5PDetermine the free trade equilibrium. Then calculate and graph the following effects: A: The increase in the domestic priceB: The quota rentsC: The consumption distortion lossD: The production distortion loss.四．Essay Questions（共2题，每题10分）1,Comparing the interindustry trade and intraindustry trade.2, Construct a table that will summarize the effects of money market and output market changes on the long-run nominal dollar/ euro exchange rate.中南财经政法大学---------学年第----学期期末考试答案和评分标准课程名称：《国际经济学》（）卷课程代号：_02013020_考试形式：闭卷使用对象：1,Because good B uses land, a fall in its relative price will result in a fall in rental rates on land, and an increase in the return to capital.2,The first country is worse off by subsidy and a foreign tariff while the second one is better off by subsidy in the first one and its own tariff.3, Countries tend to export goods whose production is intensive in factors with which they are abundantly endowed.4,This statement is typically "true…but". Under a strict and limited set of assumptions, such as the original Heckscher-Ohlin model which excludes country specific technologies; non- homothetic tastes; factor intensity reversals; large country differences in (relative) factor abundances, and more factors than goods, then it may be demonstrated that internal consistency demands that the above stated sentence is "true". However, the minute one relaxes any of the above listed assumptions one may easily identify solutions, which contradict the factor price equalization theorem.5, All else equal, a rise in a country’s expected inflation rate will eventually cause an equal rise in the interest rate that deposits of its currency offer. Similarly, a fall in the expected inflation rate will eventually cause a fall in the interest rate.6, •Since output rises, demand for domestic money ris es; this increase in money demand normally pushes the domestic interest rate upwards. To prevent appreciation of home currency (given E0is expected) the central bank buys foreign assets in foreign exchange market.•This eliminates excess demand for domes tic money because the central bank issues money to pay for the foreign assets it buys.•The bank increases the money supply in this way until asset markets clear with E = E0 and R = R*.三．计算题A: D-S=50,P=20（3分）B: (20-10)*50=500（3分）C: 100*10*0.5=500（2分）D:50*10*0.5=250（2分）四．论述题1, Interindustry trade reflect comparative advantage while intraindustry trade doesnot reflect comparative advantage.（4分）The pattern of intraindustry trade itself is unpredictable while interindustry trade is predictable.（3分）The relative importance of intraindustry and interindustry trade depends on how similar countries are.（3分）。
学术英语写作_东南大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年
学术英语写作_东南大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.Which of the following is NOT the purpose of nominalization?答案:Express concrete concepts.2.Which of the following statement is TRUE?答案:The sentence nominalization formula consists of 4 steps, writing a simple sentence, nominalizing a main verb or adjective, adding a second verb and writing the additional information.3.To avoid plagiarism, graduate students can________.答案:not use exactly the same language when borrowing ideas4.Which of the following statements is TRUE in terms of paraphrasing?答案:Lexical+syntactic paraphrasing is better than separate use of lexical orsyntactic paraphrasing.5.To begin the Discussion section, you may remind readers of your ______,preferably in a single sentence.答案:goals6.Discussion sections which do not have a Conclusion may end with _________.答案:what the findings imply7.Unlike the Abstract and Introduction, the Conclusions section does not_________.答案:provide background details8.One of the key elements of the Conclusion section is a final _________ on thesignificance of the findings in terms of their implications and impact, along with possible applications to other areas.judgment9.________ answer the question “Why did the event happen?”答案:Causes10.If you can discuss a cause without having to discuss any other causes, thenvery likely it is a ______ cause.答案:direct11. A ________ means two unrelated things happening together.答案:coincidence12.If you are describing ideas and concepts, ________ language is appropriate.abstractpared with the sign ‘HOUSE FOR SALE’, ‘HOME FOR SALE’ may bepreferred for advertisement because the word ‘home’ is full of _________.答案:connotations14.Speaking of basic sentence structures we may think of all of the followingexcept ________.答案:common sentences15. A ___ thesis statement may make a claim that requires analysis to support andevolve it.答案:strong16.“Shopping malls are wonderful places.” is a weak thesis statement in that it_________.答案:offers personal conviction as the basis for the claim17. A weak thesis statement _________.答案:either makes no claim or makes a claim that does not need proving18.Which of the following words or expressions can NOT be used as a sequentialmarker？答案:although19.The authors prefer to use the adjectives such as “apparent” and “obvious”when describing the information of the graphs because they want to____ the significant data.答案:highlight20.Which of the following statements is NOT true when we describe theinformation in a graph and make some comparison?答案:We only compare the information which we are very familiar with.21.Which of the words and expressions can be used to show contrast?答案:on the contrary22.The Method Section provides the information by which the ______ andcredibility of a study can ultimately be judged.答案:validity23.Which of the statements is NOT true about the Method Section?答案:The Method Section is very important because it provides the information of data collection and data analysis.24.When referring to a figure, you can use an expression like ______.答案:As shown in Figure 1…25.To write a literature review, what should you write about after discussing thelimitations of the previous works?答案:The gap revealed by these limitations.26.If you plan to discuss various theories, models, and definitions of keyconcepts in your literature review, which of following method would youadopt to organize it?答案:Theoretical27.Which of the following tenses could be used to refer to ongoing situations, i.e.when authors are still investigating a particular field?答案:The present perfect28.______ is used for communication between the editor and authors.答案:Cover letter29.The register of the following discourse is ____.Dear Professor Adams, I’m texting you to ask for a sick leave for your class of next week. I was just diagnosed as having flu, which is contagious. Can I have your PowerPoint to make it up? Thank you very much for your understanding.答案:consultative30.The register of the following discourse is ____.I’m sick and tired of your crap!答案:personal31.For beginner writers, the title should be as short as possible.答案:错误32.If you find a book highly relevant to your essay, you don't have to search forother materials.答案:错误33. A student should choose a topic for their essay based on professors’ interest.答案:错误34.Nominalization makes writing more “written” and professional.答案:正确35.Keywords can be selected from the method used in a paper.答案:正确36.IEEE style is always used in medicine.答案:错误37.There are only two reference styles.答案:错误38.Reference is used to avoid unethical behaviors in academic writing.答案:正确39.For a paper, properly selected keywords can increase its possibilities of beingread and cited.答案:正确40.Cover letter is written to the author of a paper.答案:错误41.The contact information is unnecessary to be provided in a cover letter.答案:错误42.Acknowledgement sometimes will be omitted in a paper.答案:正确43.Acknowledgement is used to express gratitude to tutors but not fundproviders.答案:错误44.The elements included in the Method Section should be the same in differentjournals.答案:错误45.When you conduct your experiments by following other researchers’methods, you should acknowledge these researchers to avoid plagiarism.答案:正确46.We only use the past tense when writing the Method Section and the ResultsSection.答案:错误47.The purpose of writing a literature review is to produce a thesis statementbased on the current understanding about the research topic.答案:正确48.The simple literature review model not only presents the current state ofknowledge about a topic but also argues how this knowledge reasonablyleads to a problem or to a question requiring original research.答案:错误49.Your professor discussed some interesting ideas in today’s lecture on Plato. Itis not academically dishonest if you decide to use these ideas in your paper without giving the source.答案:错误50.To summarize is to give a shortened version of the written or spokenmaterial, stating the main points and leaving out anything that is notessential.答案:正确。
福州大学-中国文化-英语教程复习题及答案
I. Chinese Cultural Terms :1.绿茶green tea2.红茶black tea3.乌龙茶oolong tea4.黑茶dark tea5.花茶scented tea6.茉莉花茶 jasmine tea7.八大菜系eight major schools of cuisine /8 Regional Chinese Cuisines8.茶道tea ceremony9.茶具 tea set10.紫砂壶 boccaro teapot11.北京烤鸭Beijing roast duck12.清蒸鱼steamed fish13.狗不理包子Goubili steamed buns14.佛跳墙Buddha Jumping the Wall15.《论语》The Analects16.《诗经》The Book of Songs17.《道德经》 Classic of the Way and Virtue18.道家 Daoism19.汉字 Chinese character20.象形文字pictograph21.甲骨文 oracle-bone inscription/ oracle-bone script22.篆文 seal character/ seal script23.文房四宝 four treasures of study24.丝绸之路 the Silk Road25.海上丝绸之路 the Maritime silk road26.一带一路倡议The Belt and Road Initiative27.西域 the Western regions28.敦煌石窟 the Dunhuang Grottoes29.春秋时期 the Spring and Autumn Period30.方块象形文字the square-shaped pictographic character31.颜(真卿）体 the Yan style32.民间艺术 folk arts33.年画 New Year pictures34.剪纸paper cutting /papercuts35.皮影戏 shadow play36.苏绣 Suhou Embroidery37.造纸术 paper making38.印刷术 printing39.佛经 Buddhist scripture40.行书 running script /semi-cursive script41.草书 cursive script42.楷书 regular script/standard script43.隶书 official script/ clerical script44.砚the ink slab/ the ink stone; 墨ink stick45.六艺：礼乐射御书数“six arts”: ritual,music,archery, carriage driving , calligraphy , and mathematics46.毛笔 the writing brush47.宣纸 xuan paper/ rice paper48.中国书法Chinese calligraphy49.简体字： simplified characters50.繁体字complex characters/ traditional characters51.中国结 Chinese knots52.佛教 Buddhism53.国徽 national emblem54.国旗 national flag55.国歌 national anthemII. Multiple choices （每题三个选项中选一个最佳答案）1)Which of the following is irrelevant to the pictographic symbols of Chinese characters? （下列哪项与汉字的象形符号无关？）___A●Aspiration. 吸●Imagination.想象●Creativity.创造力●Allusion.典故2) Which of the following statements is true of the name of Fudan University（关于复旦大学的名称，下列哪个陈述是正确的？）___D●The characters both stand for "the sun rising on the horizon".这些字符都代表着“太阳在地平线上升起”●The name is taken from a Chinese classical poem.这个名字取自中国古典诗歌●The name encourages the students to get up early in the morning.这个名字鼓励学生早上早起●The characters are intended to tell the students to make progress day byday.这些字旨在让学生们一天天地进步3) Which of the following languages mostly consists of language pictures（下列语言中哪一种主要由语言图片组成？）? B___●Mandarin Chinese. 普通话●Hieroglyphs of ancient Egypt.古埃及的象形文字●Oracle-bone inscription. 甲骨文●Seal characters.篆书4) The symbol for “swimming” is closest to（“游泳”的符号最接近的是） ___.C●oracle-bone inscription甲骨文●Mandarin Chinese普通话●seal characters 篆书●none of the above没有选项5)The symbol for “athletics” contains the ingredients of （“运动”的符号包含了）___.A●dancing and running跳舞、跑步●running and swinging 跑步和摆动●dancing and swinging 跳舞和摆动●triathlon and football铁人三项和足球6)All the following are the titles of Confucius except（以下孔子的头衔除了） ___.B●an educator一个教育家● A biologist 一个生物学家● A scholar 有识之士● A philosopher一个哲学家7)The expression “filial piety” most probably means being （“孝”的意思很可能是指）___.D●Loyal to the state忠于国家●Obedient to sister(s) 听姐姐的话●Responsible for the family 对家庭负责●Dutiful to parents孝顺父母8)Which of following can best describe Confucius’view on the relationship between man and nature （下面哪一个最能说明孔子对人与自然关系的看法？） ___.D●Brothers兄弟●Husband and wife 夫妇●Doctor and patient 医生和病人●Mother and son母子9)Through burial and ancestral worship rituals,people can learn that （通过丧葬和祭祖仪式，人们可以了解到。
商务英语导论试题及答案
商务英语导论试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. What does the term 'B2B' stand for in business?A. Business to BusinessB. Business to ConsumerC. Business to GovernmentD. Business to Investor答案：A2. The process of negotiating a contract is an example of which of the following in business?A. MarketingB. SalesC. ProcurementD. Human Resources答案：B3. Which of the following is not a function of a multinational corporation?A. ProductionB. DistributionC. FinancingD. Local Government答案：D4. What is the primary purpose of a SWOT analysis in business?A. To identify strengths and weaknessesB. To analyze market trendsC. To forecast financial performanceD. To evaluate employee performance答案：A5. In the context of business, what does 'ROI' stand for?A. Return on InvestmentB. Risk of InvestmentC. Rate of InterestD. Revenue of Investment答案：A6. Which of the following is a common method of international business communication?A. Face-to-face meetingsB. EmailC. TelephoneD. All of the above答案：D7. What is the acronym for 'Corporate Social Responsibility'?A. CSRB. CSDC. CRDD. CSE答案：A8. Which of the following is not a type of business structure?A. Sole ProprietorshipB. PartnershipC. CorporationD. Non-profit答案：D9. What is the term used to describe the process of a company buying back its own shares from the market?A. Share IssuanceB. Share RepurchaseC. Share SplitD. Share Consolidation答案：B10. In business, what does 'IPO' stand for?A. Initial Public OfferingB. International Product OfferingC. Internal Product OrderD. Individual Product Option答案：A二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）11. The term '_____' is used to describe the process of a company going public and offering its shares for sale to the public for the first time.答案：IPO12. A '_____' is a document that outlines the terms and conditions of a business agreement.答案：Contract13. '_____' is the process of identifying, analyzing, and responding to the opportunities and threats in the business environment.答案：Strategic Planning14. The '_____' is the most common form of business in many countries, characterized by limited liability for its shareholders.答案：Corporation15. '_____' refers to the practice of a company considering the social, environmental, and economic effects of its decisions, products, and actions on the community and the environment.答案：CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility)16. A '_____' is a type of business where the owner is personally responsible for all debts and obligations.答案：Sole Proprietorship17. '_____' is the process of evaluating the financial performance of a business over a specific period of time.答案：Financial Analysis18. '_____' is a form of business where two or more peopleown and operate the business together.答案：Partnership19. '_____' is the process of determining the value of a company's shares before they are offered to the public.答案：Valuation20. '_____' is the study of managing a business with the aim of maximizing its value while satisfying the interests of stakeholders.答案：Finance三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）21. What are the key components of a business plan?答案：A business plan typically includes an executive summary, company description, market analysis, organization and management structure, product or service line, marketing and sales strategy, funding request, and financial projections.22. Explain the concept of 'branding' in business.答案：Branding in business refers to the process of creating a unique name, symbol, or design that identifies and differentiates a company's products or services from those of other competitors. It aims to establish a presence in the market and create a lasting impression on the minds of consumers.23. What is the purpose of a SWOT analysis and how does it benefit a business?答案：The purpose of a SWOT analysis is to identify andanalyze the internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as the external opportunities and threats that a business may face. It benefits。
成本与管理会计英文版第十五版课后练习题含答案
Cost and Management Accounting English Version 15th Edition Exercise Questions with Answers Cost and management accounting is a crucial aspect of any business organization. It is a process that involves collecting, analyzing, and interpreting financial information to help companies make informed decisions. The 15th edition of Cost and Management Accounting focuses on the principles, techniques, and practices that are important inanalyzing costs in a manufacturing and service environment.In this article, we will provide a series of exercise questions with answers from the 15th edition of Cost and Management Accounting.Exercise Questions1.Expln the difference between actual and normal capacity.2.Describe the different types of cost behavior: fixed,variable, and semi-variable.3.What is cost-volume-profit analysis? How can this analysisbe used to make decisions?4.What are the different methods for allocating overhead costs?Which method is most appropriate in a particular situation?5.Expln the difference between job-order costing and processcosting.6.What is activity-based costing? How can it be used toimprove decision-making?7.Define cost of goods manufactured and cost of goods sold.8.What is the difference between job costing and processcosting?9.Expln the difference between direct materials, direct labor,and manufacturing overhead.10.How can a company use budgeting to plan, control, andevaluate performance?Answers1.Actual capacity refers to the maximum amount of goods orservices a company can produce in a given period, while normal capacity is the expected capacity level given typical business conditions.2.Fixed costs remn constant regardless of the level ofactivity, while variable costs change in proportion to changes in activity levels. Semi-variable costs have both fixed and variable cost components.3.Cost-volume-profit analysis is a tool used to understand howchanges in volume, price, and costs affect a company’s profits.It can be used to make decisions regarding pricing, product mix, and cost reduction strategies.4.The different methods for allocating overhead costs includedirect labor hours, direct labor cost, machine hours, andactivity-based costing. The most appropriate method depends on the nature of the costs and the activities being performed.5.Job-order costing is used for unique, customized products orservices, while process costing is used for mass-produced products or services that are identical.6.Activity-based costing is a costing method that identifiesall the activities that go into producing a product or service and assigns costs based on the activities. It can be used to improvedecision-making by providing more accurate cost information andidentifying areas where costs can be reduced.7.Cost of goods manufactured is the total cost of producinggoods, including direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead. Cost of goods sold is the cost of the goods that havebeen sold during a period.8.The mn difference between job costing and process costing isthe type of product being produced. Job costing is used for unique, customized products, while process costing is used for mass-produced products.9.Direct materials are the materials that go into a product,such as raw materials or components. Direct labor is the cost ofthe workers directly involved in producing the product.Manufacturing overhead includes all other costs that are necessary for producing a product, such as utilities, rent, and equipmentmntenance.10.Budgeting can be used to plan, control, and evaluateperformance. By setting targets and monitoring actual performanceagnst those targets, a company can identify areas where it needsto make changes to achieve its goals.In conclusion, cost and management accounting is a critical aspectof business decision-making. The 15th edition of Cost and Management Accounting provides a comprehensive overview of the principles, techniques, and practices that are essential for analyzing costs in amanufacturing and service environment. These exercise questions and answers can be used to reinforce your understanding and test your knowledge.。
大学课程《《微观经济学》(双语)》专业期末试题B卷及答案
《微观经济学》（双语）试卷B本试卷适用于试卷所需时间120分钟。
一、单项选择题：（共20小题，每题1分，共20分）1. A normal good:A. must have an upward-sloping demand curve.B. must have a downward-sloping demand curve.C. could possibly have an upward-sloping demand curve.D. will have a horizontal demand curve. 2. A Giffen good:A. has an upward-sloping demand curve.B. has a downward-sloping demand curve.C. has a horizontal demand curve.D. has a vertical demand curve. 3. The consumer optimum occurs at:A. any point of intersection between the budget line and an indifference curve.B. a point of tangency between the budget line and an indifference curve.C. the point where the slope of the indifference curve equals the ratio of the quantities.D. a point where the budget line cuts the curve from below. 4. The slope of the budget constraint line is equal to: A. the ratio of marginal utilities.B. the ratio of money income to the price of the good on the horizontal axis.C. the ratio of money income to the price of the good on the vertical axis.D. the relative price of the two goods —the price of one good compared with the price of the other.5.Assume the demand curve for compact discs slopes downwards, and the supply curve slopes upwards. If the price of CD players decreases, then: A. the equilibrium price of compact discs will fall B. the equilibrium price of compact discs will riseC. the equilibrium price of compact discs will stay the sameD. None of the above are correct6.If a 5% increase in income leads to a 12% increase in the quantity demanded of mobile phones, ceteris paribus, the value of the income elasticity of demand for mobile phones is:A. 2.4 and mobile phones are a normal goodB. 0.42 and mobile phones are a normal goodC. 2.4 and mobile phones are an inferior goodD. 0.42 and mobile phones are an inferior good 7. Demand for a good is likely to be more elastic:A. the smaller the fraction of consumer income absorbed by the goodB. in the short run than in the long runC. the more broadly defined the goodD. the greater the number of available substitutes for the good8. The rate at which a firm can substitute one factor for another while still producing the same level of output is known as the:A. degree of returns to scaleB. marginal rate of substitutionC. marginal rate of technical substitutionD. marginal physical product9. The marginal output rule states that if a firm does not shut down, then it should produce output at a level where:A. average revenue equals average costB. marginal revenue equals marginal costC. marginal revenue equals average costD. marginal cost equals average revenue 10. Suppose that all the firms in a competitive industry have access to the same technology and that input prices are not affected by the size of the industry. If the minimum value of the long-run average cost curve is £5, then entry of new firms will occur until the market price: A. equals £6 B. equals £7 C. equals £5 or less D. exceeds £511. For a price-taking firm in both the input and output markets, the MRP curve for labour slopes downward because:A. of the diminishing marginal productivity of labourB. the output price falls as the output level risesC. the wage rate rises as the amount of labour risesD. Both A and B are correct12. Explain the following "puzzle." Over the long run, worldwide supplies of agriculture products have increased dramatically, but at the same time farmers' incomes have also fallen sharply.A. Total revenue from farming decreased as output increased because demand for most farm products is inelastic.B. The demand for farm products has declined over the past few decades.C. Farm price supports have robbed farmers of their income.D. All of the above.院系： 专业班级： 姓名： 学号：装 订 线13. Which of the following is not an accurate statement about cross-price elasticity? A. Whether a good is a substitute or complement has no effect on its cross-price elasticity.B. Cross-elasticity of demand for a substitute is positive.C. Cross-price elasticity of demand measures how the quantity demanded of one good changes as the price of another good changes.D. Cross-elasticity = % change Q d good 1 / % change P good 214. If a 20 percent increase in price results in the same quantity sold before and after the price hike, price elasticity of demand is:A. infinityB. 0.20C. zeroD. 1.0 15.Which of the following is correct?A. When marginal cost is greater than average cost, average cost is falling.B. When marginal cost is less than average cost, average cost is increasing.C. When average cost is at its maximum, marginal cost is equal to average cost.D. When average cost is at its minimum, marginal cost is equal to average cost 16. Implicit costs are:A. the payments made to labour only.B. the payments made by the firm to others.C. the opportunity cost of resources owned by the firm.D. the same as accounting profit. 17. When marginal cost is rising:A. average variable cost must be rising.B. average variable cost must be falling.C average variable cost may be rising or falling. D. average fixed cost must be rising.18. When a firm's cost curves exhibit economies of scale: A. the long-run average cost curve is horizontal.B. the long-run average cost curve is downward-sloping.C. the long-run average cost curve is upward-sloping.D. the long-run average cost equals the short-run average cost for all levels of output. 19. Economic profits for perfectly competitive firms: A. will continue in the long run for a few efficient firms. B. will shift the industry demand function rightward. C. will attract new firms into the industry in the long run. D. will result in an increase in long-run equilibrium price.20.Which of the following industries is closest to perfect competition? A. steel B. cereal C. wheat D. aluminum二、判断题（T/F ）：（共10小题，每题1分，共10分）1. Market failure refers to a situation in which the market does not allocate resourcesefficiently.2. Drug education, which reduces the demand for drugs, can reduce both drug use and drug-related crime.3.The market clearing price will always be lower than the equilibrium price.4. The flatter the demand curve that passes through a given point, the more inelastic the demand.5. The labor supply curve reflects how workers’ decisions about the labor -leisure tradeoff respond to changes in the opportunity cost of leisure.6. If a price ceiling of $2 per gallon is imposed on gasoline, but the market equilibrium price is $1.50, the price ceiling is a binding constraint on the market.7. The area above the demand curve and below the price measures the consumer surplus in a market.8. Efficiency refers to whether a market outcome is fair, while equity refers to whether the maximum amount of output was produced from a given number of inputs.9. When a firm operates at efficient scale, it is producing at the minimum point on its average total cost curve.10. In general, a tax burden falls more heavily on the side of the market that is more inelastic.三、名词解释：（共6小题，每小题3分，共18分）1. Positive analysis;2. Cardinal utility function;3. Cross-price effect4. Opportunity cost;5. A price-taking firm;6. Compensating differentials四、简述题：（共4小题，每题8分，共32分）1. What are the determinants of price elasticity of demand, and how does each affect elasticity?2. List and briefly explain each of the four properties of Indifference Curves.3. If an event occurred which changed a market equilibrium, how would an economist go about analyzing the change in equilibrium?4. List the factors which are key determinants of the productivity of labor. For each one, describe how each specifically influences labor productivity.五、作图分析题：（共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）1. What is the difference between a “change in demand” and a “change in quantity demanded”? Graph your answer.（NOTE: Examples will be conducive to a high mark ）2. Use a graph to demonstrate the circumstances that would prevail in a perfectly competitive market where firms are experiencing economic losses. Identify costs, revenue, and the economic losses on your graph. Using your graph, determine whether this firm will shut down in the short run, or choose to remain in the market. Explain your answer.院系： 专业班级： 姓名： 学号：装 订 线《微观经济学》（双语）试卷B答案一、单项选择题：（共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10A C CB B D DC B B11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20B D A B D B D D B B二、判断题：（共10小题，每题1分，共10分）1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10T T F F T F F F T T三、名词解释：（共6小题，每小题3分，共18分）1. Positive analysis: de als with statements of cause and effect. It doesn’t indicate whether the phenomenon under consideration is “good” or “bad” ——it merely attempts to describe the world.2. Cardinal utility function: The values of the utility function tell us exactly how much better some commodity bundles are than other bundles.3. Cross-price effect: The impact of a change in the price of one good on the quantity demanded of another good.4. Opportunity cost: the value of the most highly valued forgone alternative.5. A price-taking firm: it chooses its actions under the assumption that it cannot influence the prices of the output that it sells or the inputs that it buys.6. Compensating differentials：refer to differences in wages that arises from nonmonetary characteristics of different jobs.四、简述题：（共4小题，每题8分，共32分）1. (1) Whether the good is a luxury or a necessity. Luxuries tend to have higher price elasticities of demand and necessities tend to have small price elasticities of demand.(2 points)(2) Availability of close substitutes. Goods with close substitutes tend to have more elastic demand than do goods without close substitutes. (2 points)(3) Definition of the market. Narrowly defined markets tend to have more elastic demand, and broadly defined markets tend to have less elastic demand. (2 points)(4) Time horizon. The longer the time horizon over which demand is measured, thegreater is the ability of buyers of the good to find substitutes for products whose prices have risen. Therefore, the longer the time horizon, ceteris paribus, the larger is the elasticity of demand. (2 points)2. (1) Higher indifference curves are preferred to lower ones. (2 points)(2) Indifference curves are downward sloping. (2 points)(3) Indifference curves do not cross. (2 points)(4) Indifference curves are bowed inward. (2 points)3. Analyzing changes in equilibrium is called comparative statics. The three steps in doing comparative statics are: (2 points)(1) Decide whether the event shifts the supply curve or the demand curve. (2 points)(2) Decide which direction the curve shifts. (2 points)(3) Use the supply-and-demand diagram to see how the shift changes the equilibrium.(2 points)4. (1) Physical capital: When workers work with a larger quantity of equipment and structures they produce more. (3 points)(2) Human capital: When workers are more educated they produce more. (2 points)(3) Technological knowledge: When workers have access to more sophisticated technologies they produce more. (3 points)五、作图分析题：（共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）1. A change in demand refers to a shift in the demand curve. A change in quantity demanded refers to a movement along a fixed demand curve. (illustrate 6 points; graph, 4 points)2. The loss and revenue are identified on the individual firm graph. Total cost is equal to the sum of the losses and revenue. The decision about whether this firm shuts down or remains in the market depends upon the position of average variable cost. If average variable cost is below P0 at output level Q0, the firm will remain in the market. If average variable cost is above P0at output level Q0the firm will exit the market. (illustrate 6 points; graph, 4 points)。
Study Questions Chapter2 with key
Study Questions for English Public SpeakingChapter 2 Speaking Confidently and EthicallyTrue-False Questions1. T F Fortunately, stage fright only affects inexperienced speakers.2. T F Experts believe that being fully prepared for a speech can reduce stage frightby up to 75 percent.3. T F Using the power of visualization to control stage fright means that youshould approach your speech as a performance in which the audience islooking for perfection.4. T F Most successful speakers are nervous before taking the floor.5. T F Listeners usually realize how tense a speaker is.6. T F Some nervousness before you speak is usually beneficial.7. T F For most beginning speakers the biggest part of stage fright is fear of theunknown.8. T F As your textbook explains, most of the nervousness public speakers feelinternally is not visible to their listeners.9. The aim of a speaker is to accomplish his or her goals by any means necessary.10. T F Ethics is the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right andwrong in human affairs.11. T F Ethical issues can arise at every stage of the speechmaking process.12. T F The ethical obligation of a speaker to be fully prepared increases as thesize of the audience increases.13. T F A public speaker need only be concerned about ethics in the conclusionof a speech.14. T F The first responsibility of a speaker is to make sure her or his goal isethically sound.15. T F A speaker’s ethical obligations decrease as the size of the audiencedecreases.16. One of the best ways to avoid falling into the trap of plagiarism is to start work onyour speeches well before they are due.17. Because the aim of speechmaking is to secure a desired response from listeners,speakers need to give their strategic objectives priority over their ethicalobligations.18. T F Unlike writers, public speakers can present other people’s ideas as theirown without being guilty of plagiarism.19. T F Global plagiarism occurs when a speaker takes material from severaldifferent sources and presents it as his or her own.20. T F Taking someone’s entire speech and passing it off as your own is a formof unethical behavior called global plagiarism.21. T F It is necessary for a public speaker to identify his or her source whetherthe speaker is paraphrasing or quoting verbatim.22. T F It is only necessary to identify your source in a speech when you arequoting directly, rather than paraphrasing.23. T F Whenever you quote someone directly in a speech, you must attribute thewords to that person.24. T F Incremental plagiarism occurs when a speaker uses quotations orparaphrases without citing the sources of the statements.25. T F Just as you need to give credit to the authors of print books and articlesthat you quote or paraphrase in your speech, so you need to give credit tothe authors of Internet documents.26. T F When citing an Internet document in a speech, it is usually sufficient tointroduce it by saying, “As I found on the Web.”27. T F Just as public speakers have ethical responsibilities, so too do the peoplewho listen to a speech.Multiple Choice Questions(Students are to indicate the best answer for each question by circling the correct letter.)41. When your textbook describes public speaking as a form of empowerment, it means that public speaking isa. a way to manipulate people.* b. a way to make a difference in something we care about.c. a way to make everyone see things through our frame of reference.d. a way to demonstrate how clever we are.e. a way to support ethnocentrism.Many of the skills used in public speaking are the same as those used in everyday conversation. These skills includea. organizing your thoughts logically.b. tailoring your message to your audience.c. adapting to listener feedback.* d. all of the above.e. b and c only.44. When you experience stage fright, your body is producing extra, a hormone that is released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress.* a. adrenalineb. serotoninc. potassiumd. glauconitee. cortisone45. According to your textbook, rather than trying to eliminate every trace of stagefright, you should aim at transforming it intoa. general anxiety.b. visualized adrenaline.c. professional stage fright.* d. positive nervousness.e. confident apprehension.46. Which of the following strategies is least likely to help you deal with nervousnessin your speeches?a. thinking positively* b. concentrating on your stage frightc. working especially hard on your introductiond. making eye contact with members of your audiencee. using visual aids47. Heather was in the midst of an excellent speech on campus history when shemade a minor mistake by giving the wrong date for the opening of a campusbuilding. She suddenly stopped speaking and said, “Oh, I messed up.” She thenfinished her speech, but all she could think about afterward was her mistake.What is the major piece of advice from your textbook that Heather needs to bereminded about?* a. There is no such thing as a perfect speech.b. You should work especially hard on your introduction.c. Audiences usually can’t tell how nervous a speaker is.d. You should take slow, deep breaths before you speak.e. It is natural for public speakers to be nervous.48. Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal withnervousness in your speeches?a. Concentrate on thinking about your stage fright.b. Work especially hard on your conclusion.c. Avoid making eye contact with your audience.d. Try to generate extra adrenaline as you speak.* e. Think of your speech as an act of communication.49. Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way of dealing withnervousness in your speeches?a. Remember that your nervousness is not usually visible to your audience.b. Concentrate on communicating with the audience rather than on your nerves.c. As you rehearse, visualize yourself giving a successful speech.* d. all of the abovee. b and c only50. Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal withnervousness in your speeches?a. Tell your audience how nervous you are.b. Avoid making eye contact with the audience.c. Focus on achieving perfection in your speech.* d. Visualize yourself giving a successful speech.e. Memorize your conclusion word for word.51. According to your textbook, when you employ the power of visualization as amethod of controlling stage fright, you shoulda. decrease the time necessary for preparing your speech.b. keep your mental pictures from becoming too vivid.* c. focus on the positive aspects of your speech.d. all of the above.e. a and b only.35. Speechmaking is a form of power and therefore carries with it heavyresponsibilities.a. logical* b. ethicalc. psychologicald. emotionale. sociological36. Because speechmaking is a form of power, we must always be sure to speaka. concisely.b. persuasively.* c. ethically.d. forcefully.e. consistently.37. According to your textbook, the branch of philosophy that deals with humanissues of right and wrong is termeda. morality.b. rationalism.* c. ethics.d. legality.e. existentialism.38. As a public speaker, you face ethical issues whena. selecting the topic for your speech.b. researching your speech.c. organizing your speech.d. a and b.* e. all of the above.39. In public speaking, sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course ofaction againsta. the frame of reference of the audience.* b. a set of ethical guidelines or standards.c. the speaker’s strategic objectives.d. a socially accepted code of legal rules.e. the personal opinions of the speaker.40. In public speaking, sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course ofaction againsta. the persuasive goals of the speaker.b. an interpretation of the U.S. Constitution.c. the frame of reference of the audience.* d. a set of ethical guidelines or standards.e. the majority views of public opinion.41. All of the following are presented in your textbook as guidelines for ethicalspeechmaking excepta. be honest in what you say.b. avoid name calling and other forms of abusive language.c. be fully prepared for each speech.d. make sure your goals are ethically sound.* e. explain your credibility on the speech topic.42. All of the following are presented in your textbook as guidelines for ethicalspeechmaking except* a. explain your motives for speaking to the audience.b. put your ethical principles into practice.c. avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language.d. make sure your goals are ethically sound.e. be fully prepared for each speech.43. Which of the following are included in your textbook as guidelines for ethicalspeechmaking?a. Make sure your goals are ethically sound, stay within your time limits, andpractice your speech delivery.* b. Be honest in what you say, be fully prepared for each speech, and make sure your goals are ethically sound.c. Avoid global plagiarism, use quotations rather than paraphrases, and putyour ethical principals into practice.d. Be fully prepared for each speech, avoid name-calling, and stay withinyour time limits.e. Establish your credibility, be honest in what you say, and put your ethicalprinciples into practice.44. All of the following are presented in your textbook as guidelines for ethicalspeechmaking excepta. be fully prepared for each speech.b. make sure your goals are ethically sound.c. avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language.* d. respect your listeners’ frame of reference.e. put your ethical principles into practice.45. Which of the following is presented in your textbook as a guideline for ethicalspeechmaking?* a. Be fully prepared for each speech.b. Explain your credibility in the introduction.c. Present your main points in nontechnical language.d. Use visual aids to clarify statistical trends.e. Be alert to feedback from the audience.48. For his informative speech, Douglas told his classmates how to get free food at adrive-through restaurant. Rather than focusing on legitimate deals, such as student discounts or coupons, Douglas talked about ways to trick employees intobelieving you had already paid for food when you had not. His instructor gave the speech a poor grade because it violated the ethical criteria for public speakingpresented in your textbook. The major guideline Douglas violated was:a. Be fully prepared for each speech.* b. Make sure your goals are ethically sound.c. Avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language.d. Adapt to your audience’s frame of reference.e. Avoid plagiarism.49. Having spent two years working in a television newsroom, Madison decided togive her informative speech on that topic. Because she knew a lot about it andwas comfortable speaking to an audience, she didn’t spend much time preparing.As a result, her speech was poorly organized, ran overtime, and did not have aclear message. Which guideline for ethical public speaking discussed in yourtextbook did Madison fail to live up to?* a. Be fully prepared for each speech.b. Make sure your goals are ethically sound.c. Avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language.d. Be honest in what you say.e. Avoid plagiarism.50. According to your textbook, global plagiarism occurs when a persona. bases his or her speech completely on foreign sources.b. fails to cite sources throughout the body of the speech.* c. takes a speech entirely from one source and passes it off as her or his own.d. uses two or three sources and blends the information into a unified whole.e. bases the speech entirely on his or her personal experience.51. Tanya went to the beach instead of staying in town and working on her speech.When she realized how soon the speech was due, she asked a friend who hadalready taken public speaking to loan her an old outline, which she used verbatim for her class speech. Which of the following statements best describes Tanya’sactions?a. Tanya should have planned better, but she isn’t guilty of plagiarism.* b. Tanya is guilty of global plagiarism.c. Tanya is guilty of patchwork plagiarism.d. Tanya is ethical if she cites the friend whose speech she used.e. Tanya is guilty of incremental plagiarism.52. Jerome found several excellent sources for his informative speech. He pulledkey information from them, blended those ideas into his own perspective, andcited his sources when he presented the speech. Which of the followingstatements best describes this situation?* a. Jerome is ethical because he cited his sources and used them to develop his own slant on the topic.b. Jerome is guilty of incremental plagiarism because he used quotations andparaphrases from other people in his speech.c. Jerome is ethical because he did not copy his speech from a single source.d. Jerome is guilty of patchwork plagiarism because he used ideas from severaldifferent sources in his speech.e. Jerome is guilty of global plagiarism because he did not develop his speechentirely from his own knowledge and experience.53. Ryan Tompkins located three excellent sources for his persuasive speech. Hecopied long sections from each source word for word, strung them together with a few transitions, and mentioned the sources of his information in passing. Whichof the following statements best describes Ryan’s situation?a. Ryan is ethical because he did research for his speech.b. Ryan is guilty of global plagiarism.* c. Ryan is guilty of patchwork plagiarism.d. Ryan is ethical because he mentioned the sources of his information.e. Ryan is guilty of incremental plagiarism.54. According to your textbook, plagiarism occurswhen a speaker copies word for word from two or three sources.a. globalb. incremental* c. patchworkd. scientifice. valid55. According to your textbook, plagiarism occurswhen the speech as a whole is ethical but the speaker fails to give credit forparticular quotations and paraphrases.a. incidentalb. informativec. inferentiald. invalid* e. incremental56. According to your textbook, plagiarism occurswhen the speech as a whole is ethical but the speaker fails to give credit forparticular quotations and paraphrases.* a. incrementalb. patchworkc. accidentald. incidentale. global57. Which of the following is recommended by your textbook as a way to avoidplagiarism?a. Avoid using direct quotations from other people in your speech.b. Try to use as few sources as possible in researching your speech.c. Avoid citing quotations and paraphrases in your speech.* d. Get an early start on researching and preparing your speech.e. Make sure you include information from the library in your speech.58. Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to steer clear ofincremental plagiarism?a. Avoid using direct quotations from other people in your speech.b. Only use your original ideas so there is no risk of plagiarism.c. Avoid citing sources that might make someone suspect plagiarism.* d. Cite the sources of all quotations and paraphrases in your speech.e. Avoid paraphrasing information from other people in your speech.59. The three kinds of plagiarism discussed in your textbook area. valid plagiarism, incremental plagiarism, and necessary plagiarism.b. patchwork plagiarism, speech plagiarism, and global plagiarism.c. literary plagiarism, scientific plagiarism, and speech plagiarism.d. idea plagiarism, quotation plagiarism, and paraphrase plagiarism.* e. global plagiarism, patchwork plagiarism, and incremental plagiarism.Short Answer Questions76. List five measures you can take to help control your nervousness when giving aspeech.1.2.3.4.5.Major methods of controlling stage fright mentioned in the chapter are:Acquire speaking experience.Prepare thoroughly for every speech.Think positively about your speech.Use the power of visualization.Know that your nervousness is not visible to the audience.Don’t expect perfection.Other methods mentioned in the chapter are:Be at your best physically and mentally.Quietly flex and relax your muscles while waiting to speak.Take a couple of deep breaths before starting to speak.Work especially hard on your introduction.Make eye contact with members of the audience.Concentrate on communicating with the audience.Use visual aids.68. The four guidelines in your textbook for ethical public speaking are:a. Make sure your goals are ethically sound.b. Be fully prepared for each speech.c. Be honest in what you say.d.Put ethical principles into practice.。
武术有关翻译
Wushu is characterized not only by exterior beauty, found in postures, movements and techniques, but also deep interior beauty, emphasizing “ life essence, vital energy, and spirit.” 武术不仅以外在的形体美著称，如架势，动作以及技巧，而且其内在美更为独特，被称为“生活之本，力量之源”. The essence of Wushu rests on the theories of Yin and Yang, the five elements and eight diagrams['dai?ɡr? m].武术的本质是阴阳学说、五行学说和八卦理论. Styles of Chinese martial arts can be categorized as the Northern style and the Southern style according to the geographical regions divided by the Huanghe River.Not only did it not decline and disappear as many other facets ofpre-modern Chinese culture, it even seems to be gaining much recognition, both in its actual practice and in its relative literature, thetics, philosophy, psychology, etc. are more and more intriguing[in'tri:ɡi?]有趣的. Chinese Gongfu possesses an important and extensivecross-cultural 跨文化的 significance.Originally, to practice kung fu did not just mean to practice Chinese martial arts. Instead, it referred to the process of one's training - the strengthening of the body and the mind, the learning and the perfection of one's skills - rather than to what was being trained. It refers to excellence achieved through long practice in any endeavor [in'dev?]努力.It is well known that Chinese gongfu is the Chinese traditional cultures and crystallization of the Chinese wisdom, it is the main carrier of national culture that accumulate the deep thoughts. As fast as I know, Chinese culture is also making an impact on Western culture; the popularity of Chinese Gongfu, including sanda Taijiquan, 咏春，and so on, is not limited to China and become more and more popular in the world.Martial arts can strengthen body, make us more strong in the spirit, it comes from China, and belongs to the world. As a Chinese, we are all proud of itIn the center of the vast Chinese nation lies the Mountain of Songshan, one of the country’s holiestspots and home to the Shaolin 1)Monastery, the birthplace of kung fu.The Buddhist monks of Shaolin were 2)pacifists, who mastered a deadly art using kicks, weapons and well-placed 3)punches. They were able to kill a man with the palm of a hand. These deadly skills are 4)in line with their faith and 5)spirituality, because Buddhists believe that, in order to follow the path of 6)compassion, they must 7)root out the heart of evil.In AD 527 the religious teacher, Da Mo, traveled from India to Shaolinto spread the word of Buddha. He spent nine years living alone and 8)meditating in a cave above the Shaolin temple. To keep his muscles healthy, he developed a series of movements and breathing exercises based on the movements ofanimals. These were to become the basis of kung fu.When Da Mo returned to the Shaolin temple, he began to teach the monks these techniques, and his tool of meditation evolved into a tool of 9)combat. Kung fu was born.As Shaolin’s 10)reputation grew, more and more young 11)novices traveled from all over China and attempted to join the 12)order. They had their heads shaved as an external sign of inward purity, and they swore an 13)oath of 14)obedience to their masters. Their training was15)relentless. Their fists wouldbecome as hard as iron and their bodies almost .16)impervious to pain. Training would leave its mark not just on the students but also on the temple itself, as over the centuries their pounding feet crushed the stones beneath them.Kung fu, which in Chinese means “learned skill” or “great achievement,” has now given rise to more than 1,000 styles of martial arts. The Shaolin style is still probably the most famous of all.Today, the temple welcomes millions of tourists a year and sells them a 17)commercialized version of its history. But in the less visited temples of theSongshan hills, the original spirit of Shaolin lives on. 中国功夫英语介绍1.僧院2.和平主义者3.用拳猛击4.符合。
Chinese 101 First year first semester Chinese
DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICSSTATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALOChinese 101: First year first semester ChineseFall, 2002Instructor: Classroom:Phone: Class time:E-mail: Office hours:I. COURSE OBJECTIVESIn this course, you will embark on a journey of learning Mandarin Chinese. This is the first half of the first-year Chinese at the State University of New York at Buffalo. The course is designed to teach basic language skills in speaking, reading and writing of modern Chinese. Y ou are recommended to take both CHI101 and CHI102 to take full advantage of training in elementary Chinese.After completing the entire series of First year Chinese (CHI 101 and CH 102), you are expected to learn:-Chinese phonemes through pinyin – the romanized Chinese phonetic system;- a working vocabulary of over 800 words and active use of about 500 characters;-both traditional and simplified Chinese characters;-basic Chinese grammar and sentence structures;-daily conversations and survival Chinese, in both formal and informal contexts;-various aspects of Chinese culture, lifestyles and social-cultural conventions;-basic knowledge of Chinese computingII. TEXTYao, T-C., Liu, Y-H, et al., Integrated Chinese, Level 1 Part 1, and workbooks.Boston: Cheng and Tsui Company, 1997 (to be purchased at the UniversityBookstore).Supplementary Materials to Integrated Chinese: Study Kits. (to be purchased at “Makin’ copies”).III. REQUIREMENTS-Class attendance and participation-Homework assignments in listening, speaking, reading and writing-Quizzes (including unannounced quizzes given weekly)-Midterm exam (to be given in Week 8)-Final exam (to be given during the University final exam week)IV. GRADINGStudents receive a letter grade in this course. Please note that curving is not adopted in this course. A course grade of A or above is not impossible; however, it requires not only a student’s constant excellent performances on most homework assignments, quizzes and exams, but also his/her excellent record of attendance and class participation.Generally, no make-up quizzes and exams will be given unless students can show written proof of illness or unexpected family emergency. Quizzes will be either announced or unannounced, and will be given relatively once a week by the instructor. If a student misses a quiz without an accepted excuse, the best way to make it up is to do well on the following quizzes. The student is also responsible for making up the homework assigned and/or collected during his/her absence. Being absent is not an excuse for handing in homework late.An Incomplete grade is not considered unless the student can show written proof of illness or unexpected family emergency. In the meantime, the student should remain a fair academic standing (i.e., a grade C or better) at the time of requesting an Incomplete grade for the course.A. Grade distribution-Attendance and Class Participation 20%-Homework Assignments 20%-Quizzes 20%-Midterm Exam 10%-Final Exam 30%Total 100%93-100% = A 80-82% = B- 60-64% = D+90-92% = A- 75-79% = C+ 55-59% = D87-89% = B+ 70-74% = C 54% and below = F83-86% = B 65-69% = C-B. AttendanceA Chinese language class is relatively small compared to other courses at UB. We have the advantage of making our learning more efficient, effective and enjoyable. Nevertheless, we could not be able to make that happen without each and every student’s regular attendance and active participation in class on a daily basis. For that reason, students are advised to pay attention to the following guidelines:Students can have two unquestioned absences throughout the semester. Beyond these two absences, each additional absence subtracts 5% from the attendance gradewhich accounts for 20 points in the final course grade (see the details below). Note that with more than 15 absences, the student will receive a zero on the attendance and participation grade. In addition, students who arrive to class more than 15 minutes late (according to the instructor’s watch) will be counted absent for that day. Students are expected not only to be present in class, but also to be ready to participate in class. Therefore, students should do the required assignments so that they are familiar enough with the topics covered in class to join in the discussions and answer questions.2 absences = 100%3 absences = 95%4 absences = 90%5 absences = 85%6 absences = 80%7 absences = 75%8 absences = 70% 9 absences = 65% 10absences = 60%11absences = 55% 12absences = 50% 13absences = 45%14absences = 40% 15absences = 0%C. Homework assignmentsGenerally homework will be assigned every class for the next class meeting. Homework will be graded with number grades. Any missed or sometimes late homework will receive either a zero grade or a reduced grade and WILL be counted during the averaging process later. Homework assignments handed in one day after the due date will be accepted with three points deducted from the actual grading. Homework assignments handed in two days after the due date or within a week will be corrected with no grade.V. Web resources•Integrated Chinese Homepage: /icusers•Listening materials for Integrated Chinese:/dept/Chinese/materials.html•Pronunciation guide: /~pinyinVI. WHAT’S NEXT?Hopefully, the following Chinese saying will get you up and running:“Qian li zhi xing, shi yu zu xia”(A thousand-mile journey starts by taking the first step.)Ready? Let the journey begin!CHI 101:Class ScheduleWhat follows is an overview of the material to be covered this semester. This schedule is subject to change and is intended to give you an idea of the scope of the course.Week Date Agenda1 8/26-8/30 Introduction to courseIntroduction to Pronunciation2 9/3-9/6 Pronunciation (continues)Introduction to writing systemLesson 1. Greetings(no class Monday, Labor Day)3 9/9-9/13 Lesson 1 (continues)4 9/17-9/20 Lesson 1 (continues)Lesson 2. Family(no class Monday, Yom Ki p pur)5 9/23-9/27 Lesson 2 (continues)6 9/30-10/4 Lesson 3. Dates and time7 10/7-10/11 Lesson 3 (continues)Lesson 4. Hobbies8 10/14-10/18 Lesson 4 (continues)10/18 Mid-term exam9 10/21-10/25 Lesson 5. Visiting friends10 10/28-11/1 Lesson 5 (continues)Lesson 6. Making appointments11 11/4-11/8 Lesson 6 (continues)12 11/11-11/15 Lesson 6 (continues)Lesson 7. Studying Chinese13 11/18-11/22 Lesson 7 (continues)Lesson 8. School life14 11/25-11/26 Lesson 8 (continues)(11/27-29 Fall recess)15 12/2-12/6 Lesson 8 (continues)Exam week 12/9-12/19 12/9 Last day of class –Review for Final exam12/10-11 Reading days12/12-12/19 Final Exam Week。
2020年南京大学《管理原理》第1次作业
答案+我名字首页> 课程作业作业名称管理原理第1次作业作业总分100起止时间2020-4-27至2020-5-27 23:59:00通过分数60标准题总分100题号:1 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 "Executive vice president, president, managing director, chief operating officer, chief executive officer, or chairman of the board” are positions associated with which of the following levels of management?A、team leadersB、middle managersC、first-line managersD、top managersE、subordinates说明：题号:2 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Typically, in organizations it is the _____________ who are responsible for making organizational decisions and setting policies and strategies that affect all aspects of the organization.A、team leadersB、middle managersC、first-line managersD、top managersE、subordinates说明：题号:3 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2______________ is a process that involves defining the organization's objectives or goals, establishing strategy, and developing a hierarchy of plans.A、ManagingB、InformalC、planningD、LeadingE、MBOF、Planning说明：题号:4 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2The _____________ is the set of ongoing decisions and work activities in which managers engage as they plan, organize, lead, and control.A、management processB、environmental processC、cultural processD、segmentation process说明：题号:5 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Based on the information presented in the text, _____________ are desired outcomes for individuals, groups, or entire organizations.A、strategiesB、goalsC、plansD、policiesE、procedures说明：题号:6 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Which of the following types of skills is described with terms such as abstract situations and visualization?A、interpersonalB、humanC、technicalD、strategicE、conceptual说明：题号:7 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2When we categorize plans as being directional versus specific, we are categorizing them by ______________.A、breadthB、specificityC、frequency of useD、depthE、time frame.说明：题号:8 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2According to the text, ______________ can be described as long term, directional, and single use.A、operationalB、long-termC、strategicD、specificE、directional说明：题号:9 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Of the following, which is the best example of a middle manager in a university work environment?A、assistant professorB、Dean of StudentsC、full professorD、presidentE、part-time instructor说明：题号:10 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2When we categorize plans as being strategic versus operational, we are describing them by theirA、breadthB、specificityC、frequency of useD、depthE、time frame.说明：题号:11 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Which of the following is a factor that constrains high performance in planning organizations?A、qualityB、extentC、implementationD、environmentE、informality说明：题号:12 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Which of the following phrases is best associated with managerial conceptual skills?A、decision-makingB、communicating with customersC、motivating subordinatesD、product knowledgeE、technical skills说明：题号:13 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 _____________ was a French industrialist who identified basic management functionsA、WeberB、TaylorC、HerzbergD、FayolE、Koontz说明：题号:14 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 The process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting is called _____________.A、controllingB、coordinatingC、leadingD、organizingE、directing说明：题号:15 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 _____________ distinguishes a managerial position from a nonmanagerial one.A、Manipulating othersB、Concern for the lawC、Increasing efficiencyD、Coordinating and integrating others`workE、Defining market share说明：题号:16 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Which of the following is the highest level of management?A、team leadersB、middle managersC、first-line managersD、top managersE、subordinates说明：题号:17 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Which of the following is the foundation of planning?A、employeesB、goalsC、outcomesD、computersE、the planning department说明：题号:18 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Work specialization is also known as ______________.A、departmentalizationB、centralizationC、span of controlD、formalizationE、division of labor说明：题号:19 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Effectiveness is synonymous with _____________.A、cost minimizationB、resource controlC、goal attainmentD、efficiencyE、leading说明：题号:20 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Organizing includes _____________.A、defining organizational goalsB、hiring organizational membersC、motivating organizational membersD、monitoring organizational member behaviorE、determining who does what tasks说明：题号:21 题型:判断题本题分数:3One could say that Fayol was interested in studying macro management issues, whereas Taylor was interested in studying micro management issues.1、错2、对说明：题号:22 题型:判断题本题分数:3The primary issue that aroused Taylor to create a more scientific approach to management was worker effectiveness.1、错2、对说明：题号:23 题型:判断题本题分数:3Managers with a polycentric attitude would view every foreign operation as difficult and hard to understand.1、错2、对说明：题号:24 题型:判断题本题分数:3Managers with an ethnocentric attitude would not trust foreign employees with key decisions or technology.1、错2、对说明：题号:25 题型:判断题本题分数:3Bureaucracy, as described by Weber, emphasizes rationality and interpersonal relationships..1、错2、对说明：题号:26 题型:判断题本题分数:3Based on his scientific management principles, Taylor suggested the incentive pay principle.1、错2、对说明：题号:27 题型:判断题本题分数:3A discrepancy between an existing and a desired state of affairs is an opportunity.1、错2、对说明：题号:28 题型:判断题本题分数:3Conceptual skills become less important as a manager moves into top management.1、错2、对说明：题号:29 题型:判断题本题分数:3Closed systems are influenced by and do not interact with their environment1、错2、对说明：题号:30 题型:判断题本题分数:3Max Webber is most associated with the principles of scientific management.1、错2、对说明：题号:31 题型:判断题本题分数:3When managers meet organizational goals, they are efficient and effective.1、错2、对说明：题号:32 题型:判断题本题分数:3The price of a particular computer brand is a possible decision criterion.1、错2、对说明：题号:33 题型:判断题本题分数:3General administrative theory focuses only on managers and administrators.1、错2、对说明：题号:34 题型:判断题本题分数:3“Principles of Scientific Management” was written by Frederick Taylor.1、错2、对说明：题号:35 题型:判断题本题分数:3The general environment refers to everything inside the organization.1、错2、对说明：题号:36 题型:判断题本题分数:3According to Adam Smith, division of labor was an important concept.1、错2、对说明：题号:37 题型:判断题本题分数:3The term suppliers include providers of financial and labor inputs.1、错2、对说明：题号:38 题型:判断题本题分数:3The fourteen principles of management are associated with Fayol.1、错2、对说明：题号:39 题型:判断题本题分数:3Directing and motivating are part of the controlling function.1、错2、对说明：题号:40 题型:判断题本题分数:3Weber’s bureaucracy is a lot like scientific management.1、错2、对首页> 课程作业作业名称管理原理第1次作业作业总分100起止时间2020-4-27至2020-5-27 23:59:00通过分数60标准题总分100题号:1 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 "Executive vice president, president, managing director, chief operating officer, chief executive officer, or chairman of the board” are positions associated with which of the following levels of management?A、team leadersB、middle managersC、first-line managersD、top managersE、subordinates说明：题号:2 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Typically, in organizations it is the _____________ who are responsible for making organizational decisions and setting policies and strategies that affect all aspects of the organization.A、team leadersB、middle managersC、first-line managersD、top managersE、subordinates说明：题号:3 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2In the strategic management process, the ______________ defines the organizational purpose and answers the question: "What is our reason for being in business?"A、objectiveB、evaluationC、strategyD、missionE、values statement说明：题号:4 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2______________ is a process that involves defining the organization's objectives or goals, establishing strategy, and developing a hierarchy of plans.A、ManagingB、InformalC、planningD、LeadingE、MBOF、Planning说明：题号:5 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2The _____________ is the set of ongoing decisions and work activities in which managers engage as they plan, organize, lead, and control.A、management processB、environmental processC、cultural processD、segmentation process说明：题号:6 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Based on the information presented in the text, _____________ are desired outcomes for individuals, groups, or entire organizations.A、strategiesB、goalsC、plansD、policiesE、procedures说明：题号:7 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Which of the following types of skills is described with terms such as abstract situations and visualization?A、interpersonalB、humanC、technicalD、strategicE、conceptual说明：题号:8 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2When we categorize plans as being directional versus specific, we are categorizing them by ______________.A、breadthB、specificityC、frequency of useD、depthE、time frame.说明：题号:9 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2When we categorize plans as being single-use versus standing, we categorize them by ______________.A、breadthB、specificityC、frequency of useD、depthE、time frame.说明：题号:10 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2When we categorize plans as being strategic versus operational, we are describing them by theirA、breadthB、specificityC、frequency of useD、depthE、time frame.说明：题号:11 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Which of the following phrases is best associated with managerial conceptual skills?A、decision-makingB、communicating with customersC、motivating subordinatesD、product knowledgeE、technical skills说明：题号:12 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2_____________ was a French industrialist who identified basic management functionsA、WeberB、TaylorC、HerzbergD、FayolE、Koontz说明：题号:13 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Which of the following is not a part of the definition of organizational planning?A、defining the organization's goals and objectivesB、evaluating the organizations outcomesC、developing a comprehensive hierarchy of plans to integrate and coordinate activitiesD、establishing an overall strategy for achieving the organization's goalsE、it is concerned with both ends and means说明：题号:14 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Planning's effect on managers is that it forces them to do which of the following?A、react to changeB、consider the impact of changeC、respond indiscriminatelyD、plan on overlapping different activitiesE、develop bureaucratic response models说明：题号:15 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 The process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting is called _____________.A、controllingB、coordinatingC、leadingD、organizingE、directing说明：题号:16 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 _____________ distinguishes a managerial position from a nonmanagerial one.A、Manipulating othersB、Concern for the lawC、Increasing efficiencyD、Coordinating and integrating others`workE、Defining market share说明：题号:17 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Which of the following is the highest level of management?A、team leadersB、middle managersC、first-line managersD、top managersE、subordinates说明：题号:18 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Which of the following is the foundation of planning?A、employeesB、goalsC、outcomesD、computersE、the planning department说明：题号:19 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Effectiveness is synonymous with _____________.A、cost minimizationB、resource controlC、goal attainmentD、efficiencyE、leading说明：题号:20 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Organizing includes _____________.A、defining organizational goalsB、hiring organizational membersC、motivating organizational membersD、monitoring organizational member behaviorE、determining who does what tasks说明：题号:21 题型:判断题本题分数:3An organization that has division of labor, clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules, and impersonal relationships would be described as a bureaucracy.1、错2、对说明：题号:22 题型:判断题本题分数:3One could say that Fayol was interested in studying macro management issues, whereas Taylor was interested in studying micro management issues.1、错2、对说明：题号:23 题型:判断题本题分数:3Managers with a polycentric attitude would view every foreign operation as difficult and hard to understand.1、错2、对说明：题号:24 题型:判断题本题分数:3Managers with an ethnocentric attitude would not trust foreign employees with key decisions or technology.1、错2、对说明：题号:25 题型:判断题本题分数:3Based on his scientific management principles, Taylor suggested the incentive pay principle.1、错2、对说明：题号:26 题型:判断题本题分数:3Bureaucracy, as described by Weber, emphasizes rationality and interpersonal relationships..1、错2、对说明：题号:27 题型:判断题本题分数:3Interpersonal skills are described with terms such as abstract situations and visualization.1、错2、对说明：题号:28 题型:判断题本题分数:3Bureaucracy, as described by Weber, emphasizes rationality and interpersonal relationships.1、错2、对说明：题号:29 题型:判断题本题分数:3A discrepancy between an existing and a desired state of affairs is an opportunity.1、错2、对说明：题号:30 题型:判断题本题分数:3Conceptual skills become less important as a manager moves into top management.1、错2、对说明：题号:31 题型:判断题本题分数:3Closed systems are influenced by and do not interact with their environment1、错2、对说明：题号:32 题型:判断题本题分数:3Max Webber is most associated with the principles of scientific management.1、错2、对说明：题号:33 题型:判断题本题分数:3General administrative theory focuses only on managers and administrators.1、错2、对说明：题号:34 题型:判断题本题分数:3When managers meet organizational goals, they are efficient and effective.1、错2、对说明：题号:35 题型:判断题本题分数:3The price of a particular computer brand is a possible decision criterion.1、错2、对说明：题号:36 题型:判断题本题分数:3The general environment refers to everything inside the organization.1、错2、对说明：题号:37 题型:判断题本题分数:3According to Adam Smith, division of labor was an important concept.1、错2、对说明：题号:38 题型:判断题本题分数:3The fourteen principles of management are associated with Fayol.1、错2、对说明：题号:39 题型:判断题本题分数:3Directing and motivating are part of the controlling function.1、错2、对说明：题号:40 题型:判断题本题分数:3Weber’s bureaucracy is a lot like scientific management.1、错2、对首页> 课程作业作业名称管理原理第1次作业作业总分100起止时间2020-4-27至2020-5-27 23:59:00通过分数60标准题总分100题号:1 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 "Executive vice president, president, managing director, chief operating officer, chief executive officer, or chairman of the board” are positions associated with which of the following levels of management?A、team leadersB、middle managersC、first-line managersD、top managersE、subordinates说明：题号:2 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Environmental issues, such as government regulations and labor unions, tend to have what kind of effect on the value of planning on organizational performance?A、They tend to increase organizational value because they serve as screens for bad plansB、There is no real effectC、They have a positive effect on large organizations and a negative effect on small organizationsD、They decrease the organizational value by constraining management's optionsE、They have a positive effect in public institutions and a negative effect in private organizations.说明：题号:3 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2______________ is a process that involves defining the organization's objectives or goals, establishing strategy, and developing a hierarchy of plans.A、ManagingB、InformalC、planningD、LeadingE、MBOF、Planning说明：题号:4 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2The _____________ is the set of ongoing decisions and work activities in which managers engage as they plan, organize, lead, and control.A、management processB、environmental processC、cultural processD、segmentation process说明：题号:5 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Based on the information presented in the text, _____________ are desired outcomes for individuals, groups, or entire organizations.A、strategiesB、goalsC、plansD、policiesE、procedures说明：题号:6 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Which of the following types of skills is described with terms such as abstract situations and visualization?A、interpersonalB、humanC、technicalD、strategicE、conceptual说明：题号:7 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2When we categorize plans as being directional versus specific, we are categorizing them by ______________.A、breadthB、specificityC、frequency of useD、depthE、time frame.说明：题号:8 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2When we categorize plans as being single-use versus standing, we categorize them by ______________.A、breadthB、specificityC、frequency of useD、depthE、time frame.说明：题号:9 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Of the following, which is the best example of a middle manager in a university work environment?A、assistant professorB、Dean of StudentsC、full professorD、presidentE、part-time instructor说明：题号:10 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Which of the following is a factor that constrains high performance in planning organizations?A、qualityB、extentC、implementationD、environmentE、informality说明：题号:11 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Which of the following phrases is best associated with managerial conceptual skills?A、decision-makingB、communicating with customersC、motivating subordinatesD、product knowledgeE、technical skills说明：题号:12 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2_____________ was a French industrialist who identified basic management functionsA、WeberB、TaylorC、HerzbergD、FayolE、Koontz说明：题号:13 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Which of the following is not a part of the definition of organizational planning?A、defining the organization's goals and objectivesB、evaluating the organizations outcomesC、developing a comprehensive hierarchy of plans to integrate and coordinate activitiesD、establishing an overall strategy for achieving the organization's goalsE、it is concerned with both ends and means说明：题号:14 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Planning's effect on managers is that it forces them to do which of the following?A、react to changeB、consider the impact of changeC、respond indiscriminatelyD、plan on overlapping different activitiesE、develop bureaucratic response models说明：题号:15 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2_____________ distinguishes a managerial position from a nonmanagerial one.A、Manipulating othersB、Concern for the lawC、Increasing efficiencyD、Coordinating and integrating others`workE、Defining market share说明：题号:16 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Which of the following is the highest level of management?A、team leadersB、middle managersC、first-line managersD、top managersE、subordinates说明：题号:17 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Work specialization is also known as ______________.A、departmentalizationB、centralizationC、span of controlD、formalizationE、division of labor说明：题号:18 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Effectiveness is synonymous with _____________.A、cost minimizationB、resource controlC、goal attainmentD、efficiencyE、leading说明：题号:19 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Supervisor is another name for whom?A、team leadersB、middle managersC、first-line managersD、top managersE、subordinates说明：题号:20 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Organizing includes _____________.A、defining organizational goalsB、hiring organizational membersC、motivating organizational membersD、monitoring organizational member behaviorE、determining who does what tasks说明：题号:21 题型:判断题本题分数:3An organization that has division of labor, clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules, and impersonal relationships would be described as a bureaucracy.1、错2、对说明：题号:22 题型:判断题本题分数:3The primary issue that aroused Taylor to create a more scientific approach to management was worker effectiveness.1、错2、对说明：题号:23 题型:判断题本题分数:3Managers with a polycentric attitude would view every foreign operation as difficult and hard to understand.1、错2、对说明：题号:24 题型:判断题本题分数:3Managers with an ethnocentric attitude would not trust foreign employees with key decisions or technology.1、错2、对说明：题号:25 题型:判断题本题分数:3Bureaucracy, as described by Weber, emphasizes rationality and interpersonal relationships..1、错2、对说明：题号:26 题型:判断题本题分数:3Interpersonal skills are described with terms such as abstract situations and visualization.1、错2、对说明：题号:27 题型:判断题本题分数:3Bureaucracy, as described by Weber, emphasizes rationality and interpersonal relationships.1、错2、对说明：题号:28 题型:判断题本题分数:3A discrepancy between an existing and a desired state of affairs is an opportunity.1、错2、对说明：题号:29 题型:判断题本题分数:3Conceptual skills become less important as a manager moves into top management.1、错2、对说明：题号:30 题型:判断题本题分数:3According to the text, the goal of efficiency is to minimize resource costs.1、错2、对说明：题号:31 题型:判断题本题分数:3Closed systems are influenced by and do not interact with their environment1、错2、对说明：题号:32 题型:判断题本题分数:3Max Webber is most associated with the principles of scientific management.1、错2、对说明：题号:33 题型:判断题本题分数:3When managers meet organizational goals, they are efficient and effective.1、错2、对说明：题号:34 题型:判断题本题分数:3General administrative theory focuses only on managers and administrators.1、错2、对说明：题号:35 题型:判断题本题分数:3The price of a particular computer brand is a possible decision criterion.1、错2、对说明：题号:36 题型:判断题本题分数:3The general environment refers to everything inside the organization.1、错2、对说明：题号:37 题型:判断题本题分数:3According to Adam Smith, division of labor was an important concept.1、错2、对说明：题号:38 题型:判断题本题分数:3The term suppliers include providers of financial and labor inputs.1、错2、对说明：题号:39 题型:判断题本题分数:3The fourteen principles of management are associated with Fayol.1、错2、对说明：题号:40 题型:判断题本题分数:3Directing and motivating are part of the controlling function.1、错2、对"Executive vice president, president, managing director, chief operating officer, chief executive officer, or chairman of the board” are positions associated with which of the following levels of management?A、team leadersB、middle managersC、first-line managersD、top managersE、subordinates说明：题号:2 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2In the strategic management process, the ______________ defines the organizational purpose and answers the question: "What is our reason for being in business?"A、objectiveB、evaluationC、strategyD、missionE、values statement说明：题号:3 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Environmental issues, such as government regulations and labor unions, tend to have what kind of effect on the value of planning on organizational performance?A、They tend to increase organizational value because they serve as screens for bad plansB、There is no real effectC、They have a positive effect on large organizations and a negative effect on small organizationsD、They decrease the organizational value by constraining management's optionsE、They have a positive effect in public institutions and a negative effect in private organizations.说明：题号:4 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2______________ is a process that involves defining the organization's objectives or goals, establishing strategy, and developing a hierarchy of plans.A、ManagingB、InformalC、planningD、LeadingE、MBOF、Planning说明：题号:5 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2The _____________ is the set of ongoing decisions and work activities in which managers engage as they plan, organize, lead, and control.A、management processB、environmental processC、cultural processD、segmentation process说明：题号:6 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Based on the information presented in the text, _____________ are desired outcomes for individuals, groups, or entire organizations.A、strategiesB、goalsC、plansD、policiesE、procedures说明：题号:7 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2When we categorize plans as being directional versus specific, we are categorizing them by ______________.A、breadthB、specificityC、frequency of useD、depthE、time frame.说明：题号:8 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2When we categorize plans as being single-use versus standing, we categorize them by______________.A、breadthB、specificityC、frequency of useD、depthE、time frame.说明：题号:9 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Of the following, which is the best example of a middle manager in a university work environment?A、assistant professorB、Dean of StudentsC、full professorD、presidentE、part-time instructor说明：题号:10 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 According to the text, ______________ can be described as long term, directional, and single use.A、operationalB、long-termC、strategicD、specificE、directional说明：题号:11 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2When we categorize plans as being strategic versus operational, we are describing them by theirA、breadthB、specificityC、frequency of useD、depthE、time frame.说明：题号:12 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Which of the following is a factor that constrains high performance in planning organizations?A、qualityB、extentC、implementationD、environmentE、informality说明：题号:13 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Which of the following phrases is best associated with managerial conceptual skills?A、decision-makingB、communicating with customersC、motivating subordinatesD、product knowledgeE、technical skills说明：题号:14 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Planning's effect on managers is that it forces them to do which of the following?A、react to changeB、consider the impact of changeC、respond indiscriminatelyD、plan on overlapping different activitiesE、develop bureaucratic response models说明：题号:15 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2_____________ was a French industrialist who identified basic management functionsA、WeberB、TaylorC、HerzbergD、FayolE、Koontz说明：。
2018年专业英语八级真题及答案解析
2018年专业英语八级真题及答案解析(1~15/共15题)PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. while listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but yon will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. when the lecture is over, yon will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Play00:0007:30VolumeLanguage and HumanityLanguage is powerful and it can help us do or get things as we wish.Language as a born traitLanguage has evolved only in__1__Comparison between chimpanzees and human beings: -Chimpanzees-use of tools: once seen as a sign of__2__-inability to__3__-tendency to__4__-Human beings-able to improve and build on__5__-able to__6__ideasLanguage and social learningProblem of social learning:__7__-Cause:-stealing others´ ideas by__8__-Solution:-__9__developed to share ideasResults-__10__made available to every individual-language as social technology to enhance__11__Language and the modern worldExistence of many different languages has led to-separation of cooperative groups-__12__-knowledge protection-slow flow of ideas and tendency toward__13__Globalization needs__14__.__15__hinder cooperation.Solution: one world with one language第1题第2题第3题第4题第5题第6题第7题第8题第9题第10题第11题第12题第13题第14题第15题下一题(16~20/共10题)SECTION BIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.Play00:0004:26Volume第16题A.Announcement of results.ck of a time schedule.C.Slowness in ballots counting.D.Direction of the electoral events.第17题A.Other voices within Afghanistan wanted so.B.The date had been set previously.C.All the ballots had been counted.D.The UN advised them to do so.第18题A.To calm the voters.B.To speed up the process.C.To stick to the election rules.D.To stop complaints from the loser.第19题A.Unacceptable.B.Unreasonable.C.Insensible.D.Ill-considered.第20题A.Supportive.B.Ambivalent.C.Opposed.D.Neutral.上一题下一题(21~25/共10题)SECTION BIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.Play00:0004:44Volume第21题A.Ensure the government includes all parties.B.Discuss who is going to be the winner.C.Supervise the counting of votes.D.Seek support from important sectors.第22题A.36% -24%.B.46%-34%.C.56%-44%.D.66%-54%.第23题A.Both candidates.B.Electoral institutions.C.The United Nations.D.Not specified.第24题A.It was unheard of.B.It was on a small scale.C.It was insignificant.D.It occurred elsewhere.第25题A.Problems in the electoral process.B.Formation of a new government.C.Premature announcement of results.D.Democracy in Afghanistan.上一题下一题(26~30/共14题)PART II READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked [A] , [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.In this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked [A] , [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.(1)"Britain´s best export," I was told by the head of the Department of Immigration in Canberra ,"is people. " Close on 100,000 people have applied for assisted passages in the first five months of that year, and half of these are eventually expected to migrate to Australia.(2)The Australians are delighted. They are keenly aware that without a strong flow of immigrants into the workforce the development of the Australian economy is unlikely to proceed at the ambitious pace currently envisaged. The new mineral discoveries promise a splendid future, and the injection of huge amounts of American and British capital should help to ensure that they are properly exploited, but with unemployment in Australia down to less than 1.3 percent, the government is understandably anxious to attract more skilled labor.(3)Australia is roughly the same size as the continental United States, but has only twelve million inhabitants. Migration has accounted for half the population increase in the last four years, and has contributed greatly to the country´s impressive economic development. Britain has always been the principal source—ninety per cent of Australians are of British descent, and Britain has provided one million migrants since the Second World War.(4)Australia has also given great attention to recruiting people elsewhere. Australians decided they had an excellent potential source of applicants among the so-called "guest workers" who have crossed their own frontiers to work in other parts of Europe. There were estimated to be more than four million of them, and a large number were offered subsidized passages and guaranteed jobs in Australia. Italy has for some years been the second biggest source of migrants, and the Australians have also managed to attract a large number of Greeks and Germans.(5)One drawback with them, so far as the Australians are concerned, is that integration tends to be more difficult. Unlike the British, continental migrants have to struggle with an unfamiliar language and new customs. Many naturally gravitate towards the Italian or Greek communities which have grown up in cities such as Sydney and Melbourne. These colonies have their own newspapers, their own shops, and their own clubs. Their inhabitants are not Australians, but Europeans.(6)The government´s avowed aim, however, is to maintain "a substantially homogeneous society into which newcomers, from whatever sources, will merge themselves". By and large, therefore, Australia still prefers British migrants, and tends to be rather less selective in their case than it is with others.(7)A far bigger cause of concern than the growth of national groups, however, is the increasing number of migrants who return to their countries of origin. One reason is that people nowadays tend to be more mobile, and that it is easier than in the past to save the return fare, but economic conditions also have something to do with it. A slower rate of growth invariably produces discontent—and if this coincides with greater prosperity in Europe, a lot of people tend to feel that perhaps they were wrong to come here after all.(8)Several surveys have been conducted recently into the reasons why people go home. One noted that "flies, dirt, and outside lavatories" were on the list of complaints from British immigrants, and added that many people also complained about " the crudity, bad manners, and unfriendliness of the Australians". Another survey gave climate conditions, homesickness, and " the stark appearance of the Australian countryside" as the main reasons for leaving.(9)Most British migrants miss council housing, the National Health scheme, and their relatives and former neighbors. Loneliness is a big factor, especially among housewives. The men soon make new friends at work, but wives tend to find it much harder to get used to a different way of life. Many are housebound because of inadequate public transport in most outlying suburbs, and regular correspondence with their old friends at home only serves to increase their discontent. One housewife was quoted recently as saying: " I even find I miss the people I used to hate at home. "(10)Rents are high, and there are long waiting lists for Housing Commission homes. Sickness can be an expensive business and the climate can be unexpectedly rough. The gap between Australian and British wage packets is no longer big, and people are generally expected to work harder here than they do at home. Professional men over forty often have difficulty in finding adecent job. Above all, perhaps, skilled immigrants often find a considerable reluctance to accept their qualifications.(11)According to the journal Australian Manufacturer, the attitude of many employers and fellow workers is anything but friendly. " We Australians," it stated in a recent issue, " are just too fond of painting the rosy picture of the big, warm-hearted Aussie. As a matter of fact, we are so busy blowing our own trumpets that we have not got time to be warm-hearted and considerate. Go down ´ heart-break alley´ among some of the migrants and find out just how expansive the Aussie is to his immigrants. "第26题The Australians want a strong flow of immigrants because______.A.immigrants speed up economic expansionB.unemployment is down to a low figureC.immigrants attract foreign capitalD.Australia is as large as the United States第27题Australia prefers immigrants from Britain because______.A.they are selected carefully before entryB.they are likely to form national groupsC.they easily merge into local communitiesD.they are fond of living in small towns第28题In explaining why some migrants return to Europe the author______.A.stresses their economic motivesB.emphasizes the variety of their motivesC.stresses loneliness and homesicknessD.emphasizes the difficulties of men over forty第29题Which of the following words is used literally, not metaphorically?A.flow(Para. 2).B.injection(Para. 2).C.gravitate(Para. 5).D.selective(Para. 6).第30题Para. 11 pictures the Australians as______.A.unsympatheticB.ungenerousC.undemonstrativeD.unreliable上一题下一题(31~35/共14题)PART II READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked [A] , [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.(1)Some of the advantages of bilingualism include better performance at tasks involving " executive function"(which involves the brain´s ability to plan and prioritize), better defense against dementia in old age and—the obvious—the ability to speak a second language. One purported advantage was not mentioned, though. Many multilinguals report different personalities, or even different worldviews, when they speak their different languages.(2)It´s an exciting notion, the idea that one´s very self could be broadened by the mastery of two or more languages. In obvious ways(exposure to new friends, literature and so forth)the self really is broadened. Yet it is different to claim—as many people do—to have a different personality when using a different language. A former Economist colleague, for example, reported being ruder in Hebrew than in English. So what is going on here?(3)Benjamin Lee Whorf, an American linguist who died in 1941, held that each language encodes a worldview that significantly influences its speakers. Often called " Whorfianism" , this idea has its sceptics, but there are still good reasons to believe language shapes thought.(4)This influence is not necessarily linked to the vocabulary or grammar of a second language. Significantly, most people are not symmetrically bilingual. Many have learned one language at home from parents, and another later in life, usually at school. So bilinguals usually have different strengths and weaknesses in their different languages—and they are not always best in their first language. For example, when tested in a foreign language, people are less likely to fall into a cognitive trap(answering a test question with an obvious-seeming but wrong answer)than when tested in their native language. In part this is because working in a second language slows down the thinking. No wonder people feel different when speaking them. And no wonder they feel looser, more spontaneous, perhaps more assertive or funnier or blunter, in the language they were reared in from childhood.(5)What of "crib" bilinguals, raised in two languages? Even they do not usually have perfectly symmetrical competence in their two languages. But even for a speaker whose two languages are very nearly the same in ability, there is another big reason that person will feel different in the two languages. This is because there is an important distinction between bilingualism and biculturalism.(6)Many bilinguals are not bicultural. But some are. And of those bicultural bilinguals, we should be little surprised that they feel different in their two languages. Experiments in psychology have shown the power of "priming"—small unnoticed factors that can affect behavior in big ways. Asking people to tell a happy story, for example, will put them in a better mood. The choice between two languages is a huge prime. Speaking Spanish rather than English, for a bilingual and bicultural Puerto Rican in New York, might conjure feelings of family and home. Switching to English might prime the same person to think of school and work.(7)So there are two very good reasons(asymmetrical ability, and priming)that make people feel different speaking their different languages. We are still left with a third kind of argument, though. An economist recently interviewed here at Prospero, Athanasia Chalari, said for example that:Greeks are very loud and they interrupt each other very often. The reason for that is the Greek grammar and syntax. When Greeks talk they begin their sentences with verbs and the form of the verb includes a lot of information so you already know what they are talking about after the first word and can interrupt more easily.(8)Is there something intrinsic to the Greek language that encourages Greeks to interrupt?People seem to enjoy telling tales about their languages´inherent properties, and how they influence their speakers. A group of French intellectual worthies once proposed, rather self-flatteringly, that French be the sole legal language of the EU, because of its supposedly unmatchable rigor and precision. Some Germans believe that frequently putting the verb at the end of a sentence makes the language especially logical. But language myths are not always self-flattering: many speakers think their languages are unusually illogical or difficult—witness the plethora of books along the lines of " Only in English do you park on a driveway and drive on a parkway: English must be the craziest language in the world!" We also see some unsurprising overlap with national stereotypes and self-stereotypes: French, rigorous: German, logical: English, playful. Of course.(9)In this case, Ms Chalari, a scholar, at least proposed a specific and plausible line of causation from grammar to personality: in Greek, the verb comes first, and it carries a lot of information, hence easy interrupting. The problem is that many unrelated languages all around the world put the verb at the beginning of sentences. Many languages all around the world are heavily inflected, encoding lots of information in verbs. It would be a striking finding if all of these unrelated languages had speakers more prone to interrupting each other. Welsh, for example, is also both verb-first and about as heavily inflected as Greek, but the Welsh are not known as pushy conversationalists.第31题According to the author, which of the following advantages of bilingualism is commonly accepted?A.Personality improvement.B.Better task performance.C.Change of worldviews.D.Avoidance of old-age disease.第32题According to the passage, that language influences thought may be related to______.A.the vocabulary of a second languageB.the grammar of a second languageC.the improved test performance in a second languageD.the slowdown of thinking in a second language第33题What is the author´s response to the question at the beginning of Para. 8?A.It´s just one of the popular tales of national stereotypes.B.Some properties inherent can make a language logical.C.German and French are good examples of Whorfianism.D.There is adequate evidence to support a positive answer.第34题Which of the following statements concerning Para. 9 is correct?A.Ms Chalari´s theory about the Greek language is well grounded.B.Speakers of many other languages are also prone to interrupting.C.Grammar is unnecessarily a condition for change in personality.D.Many unrelated languages don´t have the same features as Greek.第35题In discussing the issue, the author´s attitude is______.A.satiricalB.objectiveC.criticalD.ambivalent上一题下一题(36~39/共14题)PART II READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked [A] , [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.(1)Once across the river and into the wholesale district, she glanced about her for some likely door at which to apply. As she contemplated the wide windows and imposing signs, she became conscious of being gazed upon and understood for what she was—a wage-seeker. She had never done this thing before and lacked courage. To avoid conspicuity and a certain indefinable shame she felt at being caught spying about for some place where she might apply for a position, she quickened her steps and assumed an air of indifference supposedly common to one upon an errand. In this way she passed many manufacturing and wholesale houses without once glancing in. At last, after several blocks of walking, she felt that this would not do, and began to look about again, though without relaxing her pace. A little way on she saw a great door which for some reason attracted her attention. It was ornamented by a small brass sign, and seemed to be the entrance to a vast hive of six or seven floors. "Perhaps," she thought, "they may want someone" and crossed over to enter, screwing up her courage as she went. When she came within a score of feet of the desired goal, she observed a young gentleman in a grey clerk suit, fumbling his watch-chain and looking out. That he had anything to do with the concern she could not tell, but because he happened to be looking in her direction, her weakening heart misgave her and she hurried by, too overcome with shame to enter in. After several blocks of walking, in which the uproar of the streets and the novelty of the situation had time to wear away the effect of her first defeat, she again looked about. Over the way stood a great six-story structure labeled " Storm and King," which she viewed with rising hope. It was a wholesale dry goods concern and employed women. She could see them moving about now and then upon the upper floors. This place she decided to enter, no matter what. She crossed over and walked directly toward the entrance. As she did so two men came out and paused in the door. A telegraph messenger in blue dashed past her and up the few steps which graced the entrance and disappeared. Several pedestrians out of the hurrying throng which filled the sidewalks passed about her as she paused, hesitating. She looked helplessly around and then, seeing herself observed, retreated. It was too difficult a task. She could not go past them.(2)So severe a defeat told sadly upon her nerves. She could scarcely understand her weakness and yet she could not think of gazing inquiringly about upon the surrounding scene. Her feet carried her mechanically forward, every foot of her progress being a satisfactory portion of a flight which she gladly made. Block after block passed by. Upon street lamps at the various corners she read names such as Madison, Monroe, La Salle, Clark, Dearborn: and still she went, her feet beginning to tire upon the broad stone flagging. She was pleased in part that the streets were bright and clean. The morning sun shining down with steadily increasing warmth made theshady side of the streets pleasantly cool. She looked at the blue sky overhead with more realization of its charm than had ever come to her before.(3)Her cowardice began to trouble her in a way. She turned back along the street she had come, resolving to hunt up Storm and King and enter in. On the way she encountered a great wholesale shoe company, through the broad plate windows of which she saw an enclosed executive department, hidden by frosted glass. Without this enclosure, but just within the street entrance, sat a grey-haired gentleman at a small table, with a large open ledger of some kind before him. She walked by this institution several times hesitating, but finding herself unobserved she eventually gathered sufficient courage to falter past the screen door and stood humbly waiting.(4)"Well, young lady," observed the old gentleman, looking at her somewhat kindly—"what is it you wish?"(5)"I am, that is, do you—I mean, do you need any help?" she stammered.(6)"Not just at present," he answered smiling. "Not just at present. Come in sometime next week. Occasionally we need someone. "(7)She received the answer in silence and backed awkwardly out. The pleasant nature of her reception rather astonished her. She had expected that it would be more difficult, that something cold and harsh would be said—she knew not what. That she had not been put to shame and made to feel her unfortunate position seemed remarkable. She did not realize that it was just this which made her experience easy, but the result was the same. She felt greatly relieved.(8)Somewhat encouraged, she ventured into another large structure. It was a clothing company, and more people were in evidence.(9)An office boy approached her.(10)"Who is it you wish to see?" he asked.(11)"I want to see the manager," she returned.(12)He ran away and spoke to one of a group of three men who were conferring together. One broke off and came towards her.(13)"Well?" he said, coldly. The greeting drove all courage from her at once.(14)"Do you need any help?" she stammered.(15)"No," he replied abruptly and turned upon his heel.(16)She went foolishly out, the office boy deferentially swinging the door for her, and gladly sank into the obscuring crowd. It was a severe set-back to her recently pleased mental state.第36题She quickened her steps because she______.A.was afraid of being seen as a strangerB.was in a hurry to leave the districtC.wanted to look like someone working thereD.wanted to apply at more factories that day第37题Why didn´t she enter Storm and King the first time?A.She was too timid to enter the building.B.Two men stopped her at the entrance.C.Several pedestrians had found her strange.D.The messenger had closed the door behind him.第38题What does "every foot of her progress being a satisfactory portion of a flight which she gladly made" mean according to the context(Para. 2)?A.She thought she was making progress in job search.B.She was glad that she was looking for a job.C.She found her experience satisfactory.D.She just wanted to leave the place.第39题Why did she feel greatly relieved(Para. 7)?A.She eventually managed to enter the building.B.She was kindly received by the clerk.C.She had the courage to make an inquiry.D.She was promised a work position.上一题下一题(1/8)SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short-answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided.第40题What do "promise" and "should" in Para. 2 imply about the author´s vision of Australia´s economy? ______上一题下一题(2/8)SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short-answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided.第41题Explain the meaning of "the growth of national groups" according to the context(Para. 7). _______上一题下一题(3/8)SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short-answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided.第42题Explain the meaning of "The choice between two languages is a huge prime. " according to the context(Para. 6). _______上一题下一题(4/8)SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short-answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided.第43题What reasons does the author give to explain why people feel different when speaking different languages? _________上一题下一题(5/8)SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short-answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A.Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided.第44题What does the author focus on in the passage? _______上一题下一题(6/8)SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short-answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided.第45题Select and write down at least THREE words or phrases in Para. I describing the girl´s inner feelings while walking in the streets looking for a job. ______上一题下一题(7/8)SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short-answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided.第46题Explain the meaning of "So severe a defeat told sadly upon her nerves. " according to the context(Para. 2). _____上一题下一题(8/8)SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short-answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided.第47题In "It was a severe set-back to her recently pleased mental state. "(Para. 16), what does "her recently pleased mental state" refer to according to the context? _____上一题下一题(48~57/共10题)PART III LANGUAGE USAGEMass media is media that is intended for a large audience. Itmay take the form of broadcast media, as in case of television and__48__radio, or print media, as newspapers and magazines. __49__Usually, mass media aims to reach a very large market, such asthe entire population of a country. By contrast, local media covers amuch small population and area, focusing on regional news of__50__interest, specialty media is provided for particular demographic__51__groups. Some local media outlets that cover state or provincial newsmay raise to prominence thanks to their investigative journalism, and__52__to the clout that their particular regions have in the national politics.People often think of mass media as the news, it also includes__53__entertainment like television shows, books, and films. It may also beeducational in the nature, as in the instance of public broadcasting_54__stations that provide educational programs to a national audience.Political communications including propaganda are also frequentlydistributed through the media, as were public service announcements__55__and emergency alerts.When elitists may be tempted to sneer at mass media, referring__56__。
高等教育自学考试自考《英语二》试题及答案指导(2025年)
2025年高等教育自学考试自考《英语二》模拟试题及答案指导一、阅读判断（共10分）第一题Read the following passage and then answer the questions below by choosing the correct answer (T for True, F for False):The passage is about the impact of technology on modern education.In recent years, the integration of technology into education has revolutionized the way students learn. Online learning platforms, digital textbooks, and interactive educational software have become increasingly popular. This has led to a significant increase in the number of students enrolling in online courses and pursuing higher education independently.1、The integration of technology into education has not changed the way students learn.2、Online learning platforms have decreased in popularity over the years.3、Digital textbooks are a common feature in modern education.4、The number of students pursuing higher education independently has decreased due to technology.5、Technology has had no impact on the number of students enrolling in onlinecourses.Answers:1、F2、F3、T4、F5、FSecond Question: Reading and JudgmentPassage:The concept of lifelong learning has become increasingly popular in recent years. As the world changes rapidly, people are realizing that formal education is just the beginning of a journey of continuous personal and professional development. Lifelong learning encourages individuals to pursue knowledge and skills throughout their lives, not only for career advancement but also for personal satisfaction and social engagement. It encompasses a wide range of activities, from traditional classroom learning to online courses, workshops, and even self-directed study. In today’s digital age, access to information and educational resources has never been easier, making it possible for anyone with an internet connection to engage in learning at any time and place.Lifelong learners often find that they have a more positive outlook on life, as the pursuit of new knowledge can be both challenging and rewarding. Moreover, in a competitive job market, the ability to learn and adapt quickly can be asignificant advantage. Many employers value employees who demonstrate a commitment to ongoing learning, as it shows initiative and a willingness to stay relevant in their field. Therefore, whether for personal or professional reasons, embracing lifelong learning can lead to a more fulfilling and successful life.Questions:1、Lifelong learning is becoming less popular due to the fast pace of the world.•Answer: False•Explanation: The passage states that the concept of lifelong learning has become increasingly popular because the world is changing rapidly,indicating that people see the need for continuous learning.2、Formal education is considered sufficient for one’s entire career in the context of lifelong learning.•Answer: False•Explanation: The text suggests that formal education is just the beginning, and there is a need for continuous personal and professional development through lifelong learning.3、Lifelong learning includes a variety of learning methods, such as online courses and self-study.•Answer: True•Explanation: The passage explicitly mentions that lifelong learning encompasses a wide range of activities, including online courses andself-directed study.4、In the current job market, the capacity to learn and adjust swiftly is seen as a disadvantage by most employers.•Answer: False•Explanation: The passage indicates that the ability to learn and adapt quickly is actually viewed as a significant advantage by many employers in a competitive job market.5、The benefits of lifelong learning are restricted to professional growth only.•Answer: False•Explanation: The text points out that lifelong learning is beneficial for both personal satisfaction and professional development, suggesting its benefits are not limited to career advancement alone.二、阅读理解（共10分）Passage:The Internet has become an integral part of our daily lives, offering a wealth of information and opportunities. However, it also brings along challenges and risks, particularly for children and teenagers. This passage discusses the impact of the Internet on young people and the measures that can be taken to mitigate the potential negative effects.One of the most significant impacts of the Internet on young people is the potential for excessive screen time. Spending hours in front of a computer or smartphone can lead to physical health issues such as eye strain, neck and backpain, and obesity. Additionally, excessive screen time can disrupt sleep patterns, leading to fatigue and poor academic performance.Another challenge is the exposure to inappropriate content. The Internet is a vast repository of information, but not all of it is suitable for young people. They may come across explicit material, violence, or cyberbullying, which can have a detrimental effect on their mental health.To address these issues, parents and educators should implement several measures. Firstly, they should monitor and regulate the amount of time young people spend online, ensuring that it does not interfere with their physical health and academic responsibilities. Secondly, parents and educators should educate young people about the importance of digital literacy, teaching them how to critically evaluate the information they find online and how to identify and avoid inappropriate content. Finally, promoting healthy online habits, such as taking regular breaks from screens, can help mitigate the negative effects of excessive screen time.Questions:1.What is one of the primary physical health issues associated with excessive screen time for young people?A) Sleep disturbancesB) Eye strainC) CyberbullyingD) Obesity2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential negative effectof the Internet on young people?A) Disruption of sleep patternsB) CyberbullyingC) Improved academic performanceD) Exposure to inappropriate content3.What is the first measure mentioned in the passage that parents and educators should take to address the issue of excessive screen time?A) Promoting healthy online habitsB) Monitoring and regulating the amount of time spent onlineC) Educating young people about digital literacyD) Providing access to appropriate online content4.According to the passage, what is the role of digital literacy in mitigating the negative effects of the Internet on young people?A) It helps young people find suitable online content.B) It teaches young people how to critically evaluate the information they find online.C) It replaces traditional education methods with online resources.D) It ensures young people have access to the latest technology.5.The passage suggests that which of the following can help mitigate the negative effects of excessive screen time?A) Limiting the time spent onlineB) Providing access to inappropriate contentC) Encouraging continuous screen timeD) Ignoring the issue of screen timeAnswer:1.B) Eye strain2.C) Improved academic performance3.B) Monitoring and regulating the amount of time spent online4.B) It teaches young people how to critically evaluate the information they find online.5.A) Limiting the time spent online三、概况段落大意和补全句子（共10分）First QuestionRead the following passage and then summarize the main idea of each paragraph in your own words. Then complete the sentences that follow based on the information given in the passage.Passage:The role of technology in education has been a topic of discussion among educators and policymakers for many years. With the advent of the internet and digital devices, there is an increasing trend towards incorporating technology into the classroom as a tool to enhance learning. Proponents argue that technology can make learning more engaging and accessible, while critics express concerns over the potential for distraction and reduced social interaction amongstudents.On the other hand, technology offers unprecedented access to educational resources from around the world. Online platforms provide a wealth of information and opportunities for collaborative learning that were not previously available. This democratization of knowledge means that students no longer need to be physically present in a classroom to gain an education. However, it also raises questions about the quality and reliability of online content, prompting the need for critical evaluation skills among learners.Furthermore, there is evidence suggesting that digital tools can personalize the learning experience by adapting to individual student needs. Adaptive learning software can track student progress and offer tailored resources to help learners overcome specific challenges. Yet, this shift towards digital learning environments also highlights disparities in access to technology, particularly in underprivileged areas where students may lack the necessary hardware or internet connectivity.Finally, the integration of technology into education requires training for teachers who must adapt their teaching methods to incorporate new tools effectively. Professional development programs aimed at equipping educators with the necessary skills to leverage technology in the classroom are becoming essential. Without proper support, teachers may struggle to integrate these innovations successfully, which could hinder rather than help the learning process.Questions:1.Summarize the main point discussed in the first paragraph.Answer: The first paragraph discusses the growing trend of integrating technology into education and the differing viewpoints of supporters and critics regarding its impact on engagement and social interaction.2、Complete the sentence: Critics of technology in the classroom are concerned primarily about________and ________.Answer: Critics of technology in the classroom are concerned primarily about distraction and reduced social interaction.3、What does the second paragraph suggest about the impact of technology on access to education?Answer: The second paragraph suggests that technology provides unprecedented access to educational resources globally, making education less dependent on physical presence in a classroom but also raises concerns about the quality of online content and the need for critical evaluation skills.4、According to the passage, how can digital tools personalize learning experiences?Answer: According to the passage, digital tools can personalize learning experiences by adapting to individual student needs, tracking progress, and offering tailored resources to address specific challenges.5、Summarize the final point made in the last paragraph regarding teacher training.Answer: The final paragraph states that the successful integration of technologyin education requires adequate training for teachers, highlighting the necessity of professional development programs to support educators in adopting new tools effectively.第二题Passage:The rapid advancements in technology have significantly transformed the field of education, particularly in higher learning. E-learning platforms have become increasingly popular, offering flexibility and accessibility to students worldwide. One such platform is the Higher Education Self-study Examination (HESA), which allows individuals to pursue higher education without traditional classroom settings.The HESA program for English as a Second Language (ESL) is known as “English Two.” It is designed to enhance the language proficiency of students who wish to further their studies or career in English-speaking environments. The course covers a variety of topics, including grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehension, and writing skills.Questions:1、What is the primary purpose of the HESA program for English as a Second Language (ESL)?a)To provide in-person classroom education.b)To offer flexibility and accessibility for students worldwide.c)To restrict access to higher education.d)To promote traditional learning methods.Answer: b) To offer flexibility and accessibility for students worldwide.2、Which of the following is NOT a subject covered in the “English Two” course?a)Vocabulary.b)Reading comprehension.c)Math problems.d)Writing skills.Answer: c) Math problems.3、How does the HESA program differ from traditional higher education settings?a)It requires more classroom time.b)It is only available in certain geographical locations.c)It offers self-study opportunities without traditional classrooms.d)It has stricter admission requirements.Answer: c) It offers self-study opportunities without traditional classrooms.4、The passage mentions that the HESA program is beneficial for individuals who wish to:a)Attend in-person classes.b)Study at prestigious universities.c)Further their studies or career in English-speaking environments.d)Avoid learning English.Answer: c) Further their studies or career in English-speaking environments.5、What is the overall impact of technology on the field of education,according to the passage?a)It has diminished the value of traditional education.b)It has made education less accessible to a broader population.c)It has significantly transformed higher learning, especially through e-learningplatforms.d)It has had no significant impact on the education system.Answer: c) It has significantly transformed higher learning, especially through e-learning platforms.四、填空补文（共10分）Part IV: Cloze Test (20 points)Read the following passage and choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D to fill in each blank. Then mark the corresponding letter on your answer sheet with a single line through the center.The Internet has become an integral part of our daily lives, (1)_______the way we communicate, work, and entertain ourselves. It connects people across (2)_______distances, allowing them to share information, collaborate on projects, and form communities based on common interests. With the rise of social media platforms, the Internet has (3)_______transformed the way we interact with one another, giving us the ability to stay connected with friends and family no matter where they are in the world.However, this increased connectivity comes with its own set of challenges.Privacy concerns have grown as personal data is often collected and used by companies for (4)_______purposes. Additionally, there is the issue of misinformation, as false or misleading content can spread quickly online, potentially (5)_______public opinion and even influencing political processes.1.A) alteringB) changingC) modifyingD) transforming2.A) greatB) vastC) largeD) huge3.A) furtherB) moreC) additionallyD) likewise4.A) commercialB) businessC) economicD) financial5.A) shapingB) formingC) moldingD) affectingCorrect Answers:1.D) transforming2.B) vast3.A) further4.A) commercial5.D) affecting五、填词补文（共15分）第一题Please read the following passage and complete the blanks with the most suitable words from the given options below the passage.Passage:In the modern world, technology has become an indispensable part of our daily lives. From the moment we wake up to the time we go to bed, technology surrounds us. It has transformed the way we communicate, work, and even the way we entertain ourselves. One of the most significant advancements in technology is the internet, which has revolutionized the way we access information and connect with others.Options:A) connectB) transformC) accessD) entertainE) surroundF) accessG) communicateH) wake1、Technology has made it possible for us to________with people all over the world.2、In the past, information was limited and ________. Now, we can access it easily.3、The internet has________the way we share and exchange information.4、Technology________us in every aspect of our lives.5、We use technology to________ourselves during our leisure time.Answers:1、A) connect2、C) access3、B) transform4、E) surround5、D) entertainSecond QuestionRead the following passage carefully and choose the appropriate word to fill in each blank.The rapid development of technology has had a profound effect on modern education. (1)__________, the use of digital resources has become increasingly important for students to stay competitive in today’s society. Educators are now faced with the challenge of integrating these tools into their teaching methods while also ensuring that students can use them responsibly.(2)__________ is clear that the internet provides an almost unlimited amount of information, but it is up to both teachers and learners to filter out what is relevant and credible. Moreover, as more courses move online, accessibility to high-quality educational content has improved, making learning more (3)__________ than ever before. However, this shift towards e-learning also means that students must develop strong self-discipline skills to manage their time effectively and stay motivated. (4)__________ the benefits of digital learning, there are concerns about the potential for increased social isolation among students who primarily learn through screens rather than face-to-face interactions. Thus, it is crucial that educational institutions continue to find ways to balance (5)__________ learning experiences with the advantages of technology.Questions:1、The first blank could be filled with:A) ConsequentlyB) InterestinglyC) UnexpectedlyD) FortunatelyAnswer: A) Consequently2、The second blank could be filled with:A) ItB) ThereC) ThisD) ThatAnswer: A) It3、The third blank could be filled with:A) convenientB) challengingC) expensiveD) traditionalAnswer: A) convenient4、The fourth blank could be filled with:A) DespiteB) BeyondC) AmongD) BesidesAnswer: D) Besides5、The fifth blank could be filled with:A) virtualB) practicalC) theoreticalD) physicalAnswer: A) virtualThis example is designed to test vocabulary knowledge, comprehension skills, and the ability to maintain coherence within a paragraph. Please note that the answers provided are suggestions based on context clues and sentence structure.六、完型补文（共15分）第一题阅读内容：In recent years, the importance of lifelong learning has been increasingly recognized. As the world becomes more interconnected, the need for individuals to continuously update their skills and knowledge has never been greater. One effective way to achieve this is through self-study examinations, such as the National Self-study Examination for Higher Education (NSHE). This exam allows individuals to study at their own pace and convenience, making education more accessible to a wider audience.The NSHE consists of various subjects, including English. The second level of English, often referred to as “English Two,” is designed for students who have already completed basic English studies. The exam aims to assess the students’ ability to understand and use Engl ish in both written and spokenforms.In this passage, you will read a paragraph that has been broken into five sections. Each section contains a blank space that needs to be filled with the appropriate word from the list provided below. Choose the word that best fits each blank to complete the paragraph.List of Words:1.diverse2.proficient3.acquire4.adapt5.enhanceprehensive7.effectively8.participate9.significant10.utilizeParagraph:The NSHE English Two exam is a 1 way to 2one’s English lan guage skills. It covers a 3range of topics, including grammar, vocabulary, reading, writing, and listening. By 4 in the exam, students can 5 their understanding and usage of English, which is 6in today’s globalized world. The exam also 7candidates to 8 in the field of English language studies, providing them with valuableopportunities to 9 their knowledge and 10 their careers.Fill in the Blanks:1、_______2、_______3、_______4、_______5、_______Answers:1、effective2、acquire3、comprehensive4、participate5、enhance第二题Read the following passage and fill in each blank with one suitable word from the list provided below.The 1, 2, and 3 of the brain are crucial for processing language and understanding. The 4 is responsible for 5, while the 6 handles 7 and 8. The 9, on the other hand, is involved in 10.The 11 region, located at the back of the brain, is responsible for 12 and 13. It receives information from the eyes and ears and sends it to the 14 for further processing. The 15 is important for 16, 17, and 18.The 19 region, found on the left side of the brain, is the primary area for 20 and 21. It also plays a key role in 22, 23, and 24. The 25 region, located on the right side of the brain, is involved in 26, 27, and 28.List of words: 1. cerebrum, 2. cortex, 3. lobes, 4. frontal, 5. planning, 6. temporal, 7. memory, 8. speech, 9. occipital, 10. vision, 11. parietal, 12. sensory perception, 13. spatial awareness, 14. frontal lobe, 15. Broca’s area, 16. language production, 17. speech, 18. thou ght, 19. Wernicke’s area, 20. language comprehension, 21. understanding, 22. auditory processing, 23. reading, 24. writing, 25. angular gyrus, 26. non-verbal reasoning, 27. creativity, 28. imagination.Complete the passage with the appropriate words:1.__cerebrum__2.__cortex__3.__lobes__4.__frontal__5.__planning__6.__temporal__7.__memory__8.__speech__9.__occipital__10.__vision__11.__parietal__12.__sensory perception__13.__spatial awareness__14.__frontal lobe__15.__Broca’s area__16.__language production__17.__speech__18.__thought__19.__Wernicke’s area__20.__language comprehension__21.__understanding__22.__auditory processing__23.__reading__24.__writing__25.__angular gyrus__26.__non-verbal reasoning__27.__creativity__28.__imagination__Answers:1.cerebrum2.cortex3.lobes4.frontal5.planning6.temporal7.memory8.speech9.occipital10.vision11.parietal12.sensory perception13.spatial awareness14.frontal lobe15.Broca’s areanguage production17.speech18.thought19.Wernicke’s areanguage comprehension21.understanding22.auditory processing23.reading24.writing25.angular gyrus26.non-verbal reasoning27.creativity28.imagination七、写作（30分）Section VII: WritingTask:Write an essay of about 200 words on the following topic:Many people believe that it is more important to learn from others’ mistakes rather than from our own. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Example:In my opinion, it is indeed more beneficial to learn from others’ mistakes rather than our own. This is because making mistakes can be costly, and we can save ourselves a lot of trouble by avoiding the same errors that others have made.For instance, consider a student who is preparing for an exam. If this student fails to study properly and, as a result, fails the exam, it will be a waste of time and resources. However, if this student learns from the mistakes of a friend who has already passed the exam, they can avoid making the same mistakes and increase their chances of success.Similarly, in the workplace, it is crucial to learn from the experiences of others. A new employee can save themselves a lot of time and frustration byfollowing the advice of a more experienced colleague. This way, they can avoid making costly mistakes and contribute more effectively to the company.In conclusion, I firmly believe that learning from others’ mistakes is a more effective way to gain knowledge and improve ourselves. By doing so, we can save ourselves time, resources, and potential frustration.Analysis:This essay clearly states the writer’s opinion from the outset, making it easy for the reader to follow. The essay provides specific reasons and examples to support the writer’s viewpoint. The example of a student preparing for an exam effectively illustrates the point about avoiding costly mistakes, and the workplace example further strengthens the argument.The essay demonstrates coherence and cohesion, with a clear structure and logical flow of ideas. The conclusion summarizes the main points and reinforces the writer’s position. Overall, this essay is a good example of how to effectively address the given writing prompt.。
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Po Leung Kuk
15th Primary Mathematics World Contest
Individual Contest 2012
第十五届小学数学世界邀请赛
个人赛试题
1.袋子中只有红白两种颜色的球。
汤姆从袋中取出一个球，查看袋子内的球，
5。
”之后，他把这个球放回到袋子中。
然后说：“袋子里剩下的球中，白球占
7
玛莎又从袋中取出一个球，查看袋子内的球，然后说：“袋子里剩下的球中，
12。
”那么袋子中原来共有多少个球？
白球占
17
2.已知正整数ｎ能同时被4和9整除，它的每一位数字都是4或9，且数字4
和数字9都至少有一个。
那么满足以上条件的最小正整数的末四位是多少？
3.下图是由七个完全一样的小正方形组成，直线l将图形分成面积相等的两部
分。
E是直线l与AB的交点，F是直线l与CD的交点。
如果AE与CF的长度之和是91cm，那么每一个小正方形的面积是多少cm2？
4.从2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012这九个数中选出八个
数，分别填到下图中的立方体的顶点上，每个顶点只能填一个数，每个数只能用一次。
已知立方体的每个面上的四个数的和都是8034，那么这九个数中，哪个数没有被选出来？
5. 如下图，正方形ABCD 的边长是2cm 。
E 是AB 的中点，F 是AD 的中点。
G 是CF 上的一个点，且3CG =2GF 。
那么阴影部分三角形BEG 的面积是多少cm 2？
6. 如下图，∠1+∠2+∠3+∠4+∠5+∠6+∠7+∠8是多少度？
7. 已知
()()()20122012201220122222432143214321++++++++++++= N ，
求N 的个位数字。
8. 有一个两位数，如果用这个两位数除以它的各位数字的乘积，商3余9。
如果用它的各位数字的乘积加上它的各位数字的平方和，结果还是这个两位数。
请求出这个两位数。
A E
B
C
D F G 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 8
9.按照下图的排列规律，请求出第1000列的字母和数字。
10.已知20个数的平均数是18。
如果将第一个数增加2，第二个数增加4，第
三个数增加6，……，第20个数增加40（即第n个数增加2n），那么增加以后，这20个数的平均数是多少？
11.请你在下图中的每一个小正方形内涂上红色、绿色或蓝色，两个相邻（有公
共边）的正方形不能涂相同的颜色。
那么共有多少种不同的涂色方法？
12.“保良数”是一个九位数，满足以下条件：
①这个数是四个不同质数的平方的乘积，且每个质数都小于50；
②这个数的前三个数字所组成的三位数等于最后三个数字所组成的三位数；
③这个数最中间的三个数字所组成的三位数正好是前三个数字所组成的三
位数的两倍；
④这个“保良数”大于300,000,000。
请求出这个“保良数”。
13. 如下图，O 是正方形ABCD 的内部一点，∠BOC =90°，OB =4cm ，OC =7cm 。
那么阴影部分三角形AOB 的面积是多少cm 2？
B
14. 如下图，四个点P , Q , R , S 在同一条直线上，任意两点之间的距离都是整数，Q 是线段PS 的中点，10500=⨯⨯⨯⨯⨯RS QS QR PS PR PQ 。
求线段PS 的长度。
15. 已知黑板上有11个连续正整数，玛莉擦掉了其中一个数。
如果剩下的数的总和是2012，那么玛莉擦掉的数是多少？
P S Q R。