2011年全国二卷英语
2011年考研英语二真题及答案解析
2011年硕士研究生入学考试英语(二) 真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users，a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime thathas 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ？Last month，Howard Schmidt，the nation's cyber-czar，offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a "voluntary trusted identity" system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key，a fingerprint and a photo ID card，all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card，or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. Usercould 9 which system to join，and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these"single sign-on" systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 .the approach would create a "walled garden" n cyberspace，with safe "neighborhoods" and bright "streetlights" to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a "voluntary ecosystem" in which "individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ，trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs".Still，the administration's plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach；others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet "drive's license" mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts，who worry that the "voluntary ecosystem" envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves，in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1． A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden2． A.for B.within C.while D.though3． A.careless wless C.pointless D.helpless4． A.reason B.reminder promise D.proposal5． rmation B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent 6． A.by B.into C.from D.over7． A.linked B.directed C.chained pared8． A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve9． A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize10． A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered11． A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in12． A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast13． A.trusted B.modernized c.thriving peting14． A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience15． A.on B.after C.beyond D.across16． A.divided B.disappointed C.protected D.united17． A.frequestly B.incidentally C.occasionally D.eventually 18． A.skepticism B.relerance C.indifference D.enthusiasm 19． A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible 20． A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forcedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A，B，C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs's board as an outside director in January 2000：a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee；how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked？By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time，she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful，yet less biased，advisers on a firm's board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere，they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals. If the sky，and the share price is falling，outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10，000 firms and more than 64，000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age，so the researchers concentrated on those "surprise" disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure，the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases，and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive，it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they "trade up." Leaving riskier，smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks，even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons，once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1，Ms. Simmons was criticized for .[A]gaining excessive profits[B]failing to fulfill her duty[C]refusing to make compromises[D]leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .[A]generous investors[B]unbiased executives[C]share price forecasters[D]independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director's surprise departure，the firm is likely to .[A]become more stable[B]report increased earnings[C]do less well in the stock market[D]perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm[D]will decline incentives from the firm25. The author's attitude toward the role of outside directors is .[A]permissive[B]positive[C]scornful[D]criticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper？A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fledto the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America's Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations？Should the state subsidize them ？It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers，which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry，have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago，but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13，500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and，sadly for many journalists，they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses，with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008，according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly，Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody，but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26. By sayin g "Newspapers like … their own doom" (Lines 3-4，Para. 1)，the author indicates that newspaper .[A]neglected the sign of crisis[B]failed to get state subsidies[C]were not charitable corporations[D]were in a desperate situation27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because .[A]readers threatened to pay less[B]newspapers wanted to reduce costs[C]journalists reported little about these areas[D]subscribers complained about slimmer products28. Compared with their American counterparts，Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they .[A]have more sources of revenue[B]have more balanced newsrooms[C]are less dependent on advertising[D]are less affected by readership29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business？[A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.[B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.[C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.[D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.30. The most appropriate title for this text would be .[A]American Newspapers：Struggling for Survival[B]American Newspapers：Gone with the Wind[C]American Newspapers：A Thriving Business[D]American Newspapers：A Hopeless StoryText 3We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth，with soldiers returning home by the millions，going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses，it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war，Americans had learned to live with less，and that restraint，in combination with the postwar confidence in the future，made small，efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase "less is more" was actually first popularized by a German，the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe，who like other people associated with the Bauhaus，a school of design，emigrated to the United States before World War IIand took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture，but none more so that Mies.Mies's signature phrase means that less decoration，properly organized，has more impact that a lot. Elegance，he believed，did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects，he employed metal，glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today buy that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies's sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient，rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago's Lake Shore Drive，for example，were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1，000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the city's Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls，the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings' details and proportions，the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward "less" was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1，200 square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The "Case Study Houses" commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the "less is more" trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape，new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House，Ralph everyday life - few American families acquired helicopters，though most eventually got clothes dryers - but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans' .[A]prosperity and growth[B]efficiency and practicality[C]restraint and confidence[D]pride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus？[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design .[A]was related to large space[B]was identified with emptiness[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration[D]was not associated with efficiency34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago's Lake Shore Drive？[A]They ignored details and proportions.[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35. What can we learn about the design of the "Case Study House"？[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text 4Will the European Union make it？The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project's greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a "Bermuda triangle" of debt，population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems，the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core，the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone's economies，weaker or stronger，will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency，which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europe's single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone's dominant powers，France and Germany，agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone，but disagree about what to harmonies.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness，barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even the suspension of a country's voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club，among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour；in the inner core alone，Germany fears，a small majority favour French interference.A "southern" camp headed by French wants something different："European economic government" within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated，that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members，via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally，figures close to the France government have murmured，curo-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization：e.g.，curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world's largest trading block. At its best，the European project is remarkably liberal：built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries，its internal borders are far more open to goods，capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization，and make capitalism benign.36. The EU is faced with so many problems that .[A] it has more or less lost faith in markets[B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned[C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37. The debate over the EU's single currency is stuck because the dominant powers .[A] are competing for the leading position[B] are busy handling their own crises[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization[D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration38. To solve the euro problem ，Germany proposed that .[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased[B] stricter regulations be imposed[C] only core members be involved in economic co-ordination[D] voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that __ __.［A］poor countries are more likely to get funds［B］strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries［C］loans will be readily available to rich countries［D］rich countries will basically control Eurobonds40. Regarding the future of the EU，the author seems to feel __ __.［A］pessimistic［B］desperate［C］conceited［D］hopefulPart BDirections：Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)46．Direction：In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese，write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15points)Who would have thought that，globally，the IT industry produces about the same volumes of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do-rough 2 percent of all CO2 emissions？Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right" answer. To deliver results to its users quickly，then，Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world，packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2，these computers emit a great deal of heat，so the centres need to be well air-conditioned，which uses even more energy.However，Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction，but there is much to be done，and not just by big companies.2011考研英语(二)小作文suppose your cousin LI MING has just been admited to a university write him/her a letter to:(1)Congratulate him/her,and(2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university lifeyou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.DO not sign your own name at the end of the letter,Use "zhangwe2011考研英语（二）大作文write a short essay baesd on the following chart.in your writing,you should:1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsyou should write at least 150 wrodswrite your essay on answer sheet 2(15points)参考答案客观题1-5 ACBDD 6-10 BACCA 11-15 DBACA 16-20 CDACD21-25BBDAA26-30DBCBB31-35BDCDB36-40DCBAC41-45EDCFG46．翻译有谁会想到，在全球范围内，IT行业产生的温室气体跟全球航空公司产生的一样多？占二氧化碳总排量的2%.很多日常工作对环境造成了让人震惊的破坏作用。
2011年全国二卷英语
2011年全国统一高考英语试卷（全国卷Ⅱ）学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 学号:________一、单选题（共20小题）1.cushion（）A．button B．butcher C．bury D．duty2.country（）A．announce B．cough C．encourage D．shoulder3.pillow（）A．flower B．allow C．knowledge D．follow4.reach（）A．breathe B．really C．pleasure D．heavenE．breathe F．really G．pleasure H．heaven5.Christmas（）A．handkerchief B．teacherC．ache D．merchant6.﹣﹣Did you forget about my birthday？﹣﹣﹣I've booked a table at Michel's restaurant for this evening．（）A．What then？B．I'm afraid so．C．how could I？D．For sure．7.Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T﹣shirt，is a stupid thing to do insuch weather．（）A．this B．that C．what D．which8.If you_______smoke，please go outside．（）A．can B．should C．must D．may9.If you don't like the drink you ________，just leave it and try a different one．（）A．ordered B．are orderingC．will order D．had ordered10.Mary，I John of his pomise to help you．（）A．told B．reminded C．warned D．advised11.I got this bicycle for ______．My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one．（）A．everything B．something C．anything D．nothing12.It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music，but it is another to play it well yourself．（）A．quite B．very C．rather D．much13.Jane won't join us for dinner tonight and ．（）A．neither won't Tom B．Tom won't eitherC．Tom will too D．so will Tom14.This shop will be closed for repairs further notice．（）A．with B．until C．for D．at15.The island，to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to．（）A．joining B．to joinC．joined D．having joined16.As he reached front door，Jack saw strange sight．（）A．the；不填B．a；the C．不填a D．the；a17.Mr．Stevenson is great to work for﹣﹣I really couldn't ask for a_______ boss．（）A．better B．goodC．best D．still better18.Sarah pretended to be cheerful，______nothing about the argument．（）A．says B．said C．to say D．saying19.It was a nice meal， a little expensive．（）A．though B．whether C．as D．since20.So you gave her your phone？______she said she'd return it to me when she could afford her own．（）A．My pleasure B．Not exactlyC．No doubt D．All right二、完形填空（共1小题）21.There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere．We can see there is a lot ofsleeping on the bus or train on the（21）home from work in the evenings．A man will be（22）the newspaper，and seconds later it（23）as if he is trying to（24）it．Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger（25）next to him．（26）place where unplanned short sleep （27）is in the lecture hall where a student will start snoring（打鼾）so （28）that the professor has to ask another student to（29）the sleeper awake．A more embarrassing（尴尬）situation occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and the（30）of the head pushes the arm off the（31），and the movement carries the （32）of the body along．The student wakes up on the floor with no（33）of getting there．The worst time to fall asleep is when （34）．Police reports are full of （35）that occur when people fall into sleep and go（36）the road．If the drivers are（37），they are not seriously hurt．One woman's car，（38），went into the river．She woke up in four feet of （39）and thought it was raining．When people are really（40），nothing will stop them from falling asleep﹣﹣no matter where they are．21．A．way B．track C．path D．road22．A．buying B．folding C．delivering D．reading23．A．acts B．shows C．appears D．sounds24．A．open B．eat C．find D．finish25．A．lying B．waiting C．talking D．sitting26．A．Next B．Every C．Another D．One27．A．goes on B．ends up C．lasts D．returns28．A．bravely B．happily C．loudly D．carelessly29．A．leave B．shake C．keep D．watch30．A．size B．shape C．weight D．strength31．A．cushion B．desk C．shoulder D．book32．A．action B．position C．rest D．side33．A．memory B．reason C．question D．purpos34．A．thinking B．working C．walking D．driving35．A．changes B．events C．ideas D．accidents36．A．up B．off C．along D．down37．A．lucky B．awake C．calm D．strong38．A．in time B．at first C．as usual D．for example39．A．dust B．water C．grass D．bush40．A．tired B．drunk C．lonely D．lazy三、阅读理解（共5小题）22.Since 1984，Philadelphia has been cleaning up its act．One by one，graffiti﹣covered walls are being changedinto outdoor art．So far，more than 1，800 murals（壁画）have been painted．Philadelphia now has more murals than any other American city．The walls that were once ugly with graffiti（涂鸦）are now covered with beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern art，thanks to the Mural Arts Program （MAP）．Its work makes schools and public places attractive，and its citizens very proud．The program began as part of Philadelphia's Anti﹣Graffiti Network．Jane Golden is the MAP's artistic director．"When people ask me what our program is about，"she says，"I answer them with one word：hope．"Each year，the MAP offers youth art programs and workshops．Some one﹣time graffiti writers even help paint MAP murals．The MAP's work，says Golden，is all about developing a sense of community（社区）．When a neighborhood requests a mural，the MAP works with the people there to develop a message．Some messages have been"Safe Streets，""Love and Care，"and"Peace Walk．"The MAP receives up to 50 requests for murals each week．Last year，the workers painted 140 murals．"The making of a mural enters people's collective memory as an extraordinary，pleasant moment in neighborhood history"says Golden，who began as a muralist in Los Angeles．（1）What can be the best title for the text？A．Love，from Graffiti Writers to MuralistsB．MAP，a New Company in PhiladelphiaC．Jane，an Excellent Mural ArtistD．Hope，One Wall at a Time（2）What is the Mural Arts Program in Philadelphia aimed at？A．Helping the young find jobs．B．Protecting the neighborhood．C．Fighting against graffiti．D．Attracting more visitors．（3）How does the MAP decide on the message for a mural？A．By having discussions with people in the community．B．By seeking advice from the city government．C．By learning from the young graffiti writers．D．By studying the history of the city．（4）Which of the following words best describes the work of the MAP？A．Difficult．B．Dangerous．C．Experimental．D．Successful．23.For those who study the development of intelligence（智力）in the animal world，self﹣awareness is animportant measurement．An animal that is aware（意识）of itself has a high level of intelligence．Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror，that is，its ownreflected image（反射出的影像）．Many animals fail this exercise bitterly，paying evry little attention to the reflected image．Only humans，and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins，have shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves．Now another animal has joined the club．In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences，researchers report that an Asian elephant has passed the mirror self﹣reflection test．"We thought that elephants were the next important animal，"said Dinana Reiss of the Wildlife Conservation Society，an author of the study with Joshua M．Plotnik and Fans B．M．de Waal of Emory University．With their large brains，Reiss said，elephants"seemed like cousins to apes and dolphins．"The researchers tested Happy，Maxine and Patty，three elephants at the Bronx Zoo．They put an 8﹣foot ﹣square mirror on a wall of the animals'play area （out of the sight of zoo visitors）and recorded what happened with cameras，including one built in the mirror．The elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it，and to examine parts of their bodies．Of the three，Happy then passed the test，in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face．She could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror，and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose．Diana Reiss said，"We knew elephants were intelligent，but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way．"（1）What can mirror tests tell us about animals？A．Whether they have large brains．B．Whether they have self﹣awareness．C．Whether they enjoy outdoor exercises．D．Whether they enjoy playing with mirrors．（2）Why does the author mention apes and dolphins in the text？A．They are most familiar to readers．B．They are big favorites with zoo visitors．C．They are included in the study by Reiss．D．They are already known to be intelligent．（3）What made Happy different from Maxine and Patty？A．She used her nose to search behind the mirror．B．She recognized her own image in the mirror．C．She painted a mark on her own face．D．She found the hidden camera．24.Student Membership﹣﹣Cambridge Arts CinemaCambridge Arts Cinema is one of the art houses in Britain and home of the internationally celebrated Cambridge Film Festival．Since 1947generations of students have discovered the wealth of world cinema．Now you too can make most of it and save money．48．Which of the following is the most famous event held at Cambridge Arts Cinema？A．The Cambridge Film Festival．B．Meetings with filmmakers．C．The preview screening．D．Monthly premieres．49．If you're a member of Cambridge Arts Cinema，you will enjoy freeA．Darkroom Gallery showsB．mailed programmesC．special film eventsD．film shows50．How long will the membership for Cambridge Arts Cinema last？A．Four months．B．Eight months．C．Nine months．D．One year．51．For what purpose is the text written？A．Offering students cheaper tickets．B．Announcing the opening of a premiere．C．Telling the public of the cinema's address．D．Increasing the cinema's membership．25.The way we do things round hereSome years ago，I was hired by an American bank．I received a letter from the head of the Personnel Department that started，"Dear John，I am quite pleased that you have decided to join us．"That"quite"saddened me．I thought he was saying"we're kind of pleased you decided to join us although I wish we had hired someone else．"Then I discovered that in American English"quite"sometimes means"very"，while in British English it means"fairly"．So the first lesson about working in other countries is to learn the language and by that I don't just mean the words people speak．It is body language，dress，manners，ideas and so on．The way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between cultures（文化）．Some of these differences may be only on the surface﹣dress，food and hours of work﹣while others may be deeper and take longer to deal with．Mostly，it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them，like the climate（气候），while getting on with business．Some of the differences may be an improvement．People are more polite；the service is better；you ask for something to be done and it happens without having to ask again．However，other differences can be troubling，like punctuality（准时）．If you invite people to a party at 7o'clock your guests will consider it polite to turn up exactly on time in Germany，five minutes early in theAmerican Midwest，an hour early in Japan，15minutes afterwards in the UK，up to an hour afterwards in Italy and some time in the evening in Greece．I prefer not to use the word"late"because there is nothing wrong with the times people arrive．It is simply the accepted thing to do in their own country．52．The author was unhappy as mentioned in Paragraph 1 because he thought．A．the American bank didn't think much of himB．the American bank might hire another personC．it's difficult to get used to American cultureD．it's easy to misunderstand Americans53．The word"highlights"in Paragraph 2probably means．A．encouragesB．helps to narrowC．increasesD．draws attention to54．According to the author，what should we do with most cultural differences？A．Ask the native people for help．B．Understand and accept them．C．Do things in our own way．D．Do in﹣depth research．55．When invited to a party the people who are usually punctual are．A．ItaliansB．GermansC．GreeksD．the British．26."I didn't hear them call my name，"explained Shelley Hennig to Active Teens （AT）as she talked about thatexciting moment on national television when she won the honor of Miss Teen USA 2004．"Are you ready？"is what she heard．Then she said，"I shook my head no，and then they said‘yes'and it was announced again．"It was four days after that life changing moment for the seventeen﹣year﹣old high school student from Destrehan，Louisiana﹣﹣﹣﹣she was still on cloud nine．"I was so shocked!I never believed that it could actually really happen．"Present in the audience（观众）that day were：her mother and father，older brother，her friends，and her dance teacher．Understanding why members of her family and her friends would be there，AT asked why her dance teacher had traveled so far to see her compete（比赛）．"She's always been my role model．I've danced with her since I was six．She's been through so many difficulties and came through them all．I've learned to getover bad life's experiences and learned how to move on because of her．"One of those bad life's experiences for Shelley happened three years ago when her brother Brad was killed in a drunk driving accident．He was 18．She found writing helped her get through the rough days．She said，"I write a lot about my brother．I write a lot，a lot，a lot…"As Miss Louisiana Teen，she traveled around the state speaking to teens（青少年）about the dangers of drinking and driving．In her role as Miss Teen USA，Sheiley will continue to speak to youth about safe driving，in addition to many other things to help the youth．When AT asked Miss Teen USA if she had any advice for our readers，she said，"Don't let anyone change you．Hang out with people that make you feel good about yourself．That way，it is easy to be yourself．"56．What do the words"on cloud nine"in Paragraph 2probably mean？A．frightenedB．troubledC．very happyD．very angry57．Shelley takes her dance teachers as a role medel mainly because she is．A．determinedB．friendlyC．strictD．experienced58．How many children did the Hennigs have according to the text？A.1．B.2．C.3．D.4．59．What did Shelley often do after she became Miss Louisiana Teen？A．She visited drunken drivers．B．She gave dance performance．C．She made speeches on safe driving．D．She helped other teens with their studies．60．What suggestion does Shelley give to the teens？A．Be yourself with the support of friends．B．Meet friends whenever possible．C．Go easy on yourself and others．D．Have a good role model．四、信息匹配（共1小题）27.﹣﹣﹣Excuse me，have you been waiting long？﹣﹣﹣﹣About ten minutes．﹣﹣﹣﹣（61）﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣Not while I've been standing here．I'm waiting for the number seven myself．﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣Good．Hot today，isn't it？﹣﹣﹣﹣Yes，it is （62）﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣Me too．This is unusual for March I don't remember it ever being so hot and dry in March before．﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣You're from Florida then．﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣Not really．（63）﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣My mother and I have just moved here from Indiana．﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣Pretty cold in Indiana，isn't it？﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣Yes．That's why we moved．But we didn't know that it would be so hot here．We should have gone to California．（64）．﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣No．It's always a little late．Do you have the time？My watch has stopped working．﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣（65）﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣Don't worry．It never comes exactly on the half hour like it should．A．I wish that it would rain and cool ofB．Do you think that we've missed the bus？C．No，it is always quite cool here in summer．D．It is twenty to one by my watch，but it is a little fast．E．Did you notice whether the number seven bus has gone by？R．I was born in New York，but I've lived here for ten years now．G．I have been waiting here for half an hour and still haven't seen the bus．五、解答题（共10小题）28.We're taking our vacation in（七月）．29.You can get even better deals if you are prepared to（讨价还价）．30.The cards had been（卡住）through the letterbox．31.Smith went to Chicago for（技术）training．32.Bob is six feet in（身高）．33.You'll（逐渐）get better at it﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣it's just a question of practice．34.He put the rubbish into the（塑料）bag and took it downstairs．35.He（道歉）publicly for his mistake the day before yesterday．36.Tall people like rooms with high（天花板）．37.Eve was cutting the grass，and（同时）Les was planting roses．六、改错题（共1小题）38.Dear George，It's been a week after we left your family and we are now 76．﹣﹣﹣back home．Thank you very much for showing them around 77．﹣﹣﹣your city and providing us for the wonderful meals．After 78．﹣﹣﹣we said goodbye to you，we went to Washington D．C．，79．where we stayed for three days．My brother was so much fond 80．of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying 81．﹣﹣﹣another couple of day．However，my father had to return to 82．﹣﹣﹣work on Monday so we fly back last Saturday afternoon．It 83．﹣﹣﹣was really a nice experience．If you'd like to make trip to 84．our city some day，I will be better than happy to be your guide.85．﹣﹣﹣Yours，Mike．七、书面表达（共1小题）39.假定你是李华，你所喜爱的Global Mirror周报创刊五周年之际征集读者意见．请你依据以下内容给主编写封信，内容主要包括：1说明你是该报的忠实读者2赞赏该报优点：1）兼顾国内外新闻2）介绍名人成功故事3提出建议：刊登指导英语学习的文章注意：1词数100左右，开头语己为你写好；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．******************************************************************Dear Editor﹣in﹣Chief，Congratulations on，the，5'h anniversary，of Global Mirror!﹣Sincerely yours，Li Hua．2011年全国统一高考英语试卷（全国卷Ⅱ）参考答案一、单选题（共20小题）1.【分析】cushion中u发/u/，画线单词中发音相同的单词是butcher．【解答】答案：B 考查语音．通过读音比较，正确答案是：B【知识点】语音2.【分析】country中ou发/ʌ/，画线部分读音相同的单词是encourage．【解答】答案：C 考查语音．通过读音比较，正确答案是：C．【知识点】语音3.【分析】pillow中ow发/əu/，画线部分读音相同的单词是follow．flower/ˈflaʊə/；allow/əˈlau/；knowledge/ˈnɔlidʒ/．【解答】答案：D 考查语音．通过读音比较，正确答案是：D．【知识点】语音4.【分析】reach/ri：tʃ/划线部分字母组合ea的发音为/i：/；【解答】答案：AA．breathe/bri：ð/划线部分的发音与题干相同，均为/i：/；B．really/ˈriəli/划线部分的发音分别为/i/；C．pleasure/ˈpleʒə/与D．heaven/ˈhevn/划线部分的发音相同，均为/e/；故选A．【知识点】语音5.【分析】Christmas/ˈkrɪsməs/划线部分字母组合的发音为：/k/【解答】答案：CA．handkerchief/ˈhæŋkətʃif/；B．teacher/ˈti：tʃə/；C．ache/eik/；D．merchant/ˈmə：tʃənt/；其中A．B．C划线部分字母组合ch的发音均为：/tʃ/，只有C划线部分的发音与题干相同，均为：/k/；故选C．【知识点】语音6.【分析】﹣﹣你把我的生日忘了吗？﹣﹣怎么会呢？我已经在Michel的饭店为你订购了今晚的晚宴．【解答】答案：C．本题考查交际用语．How could I？表示"我怎么会呢？"．What then？"那便会怎么样呢？"，I'mafraid so．"恐怕是这样．"，For sure．"肯定；确定．"根据"I've booked a table at Michel's restaurantfor this evening．"可知，答话人并没有忘记对方的生日，因此选择C．【知识点】语言交际7.【分析】Ted周末只穿了件短裤和一件T恤衫，在这种天气里穿成这样是愚蠢的．【解答】答案：D分析句子结构可知，本句为非限定性的定语从句；由于关系词指代的是前一句话的内容，在该从句中作主语；由于A与C不是关系词；C．不能用于非限定性的语从句中；故选D．【知识点】非限制性定语从句8.【分析】如果你非要吸烟的话，请到外面去吸．【解答】答案：C．本题考查情态动词的用法．can 能，会；may 可以，可能；must 必须，非要；might 可以，可能，是may的过去式形式．根据句意可知，这里表示的是如果你非得要吸烟这个意思，故选：C．【知识点】情态动词9.【分析】如果你不喜欢你点的饮料，放在那里试试另一种吧．【解答】答案是A．考查动词时态，分析题干可知you drink 是定语从句，先行词是drink，饮料是在喝之前点的，发生在过去，所以要用过去时，故答案是A．【知识点】一般过去时10.【分析】Mary，我提醒John别忘了帮你了．【解答】答案：BA tell告诉，常用tell sb to do；B remind 提醒，用法为remind sb of sth或remind sb to do；C warn 警告，提醒；也有warn sb of sth的用法，但它侧重"警告"的意思；D advise建议，用法：advise sb to do；所以结合句意答案应该选B．【知识点】动词的辨析11.【分析】我没花钱就得到了这辆自行车．我朋友买了一辆新的后，就把它给了我．【解答】答案；DA．everything"一切，所有事物"；B．something"某事某物"，表示不确指；C．anything"任何东西"；D．nothing 表示什么都没有．根据句意，我朋友买了新的自行车，把原来的自行车给了我，所以"I got this bicycle for ______．"应该是我没花钱，白得了一辆自行车．故选D 【知识点】不定代词12.【分析】欣赏好的音乐是一回事，但是亲自把它演奏好完全是另一回事．【解答】答案A．考查副词辨析．句意为"欣赏好的音乐是一回事，但是亲自把它演奏好完全是另一回事．"表示"很，非常"时，very用来修饰形容词、副词，much用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级．quite 和rather都可修饰名词，但rather多用于贬义．another指的是another thing，这个名词受quite的修饰．故选：A．【知识点】副词辨析13.【分析】Jane今晚不和我们一起吃晚饭，Tom也不会．【解答】答案是B．本题考查否定结构；根据语境"Jane今晚不和我们一起吃晚饭，Tom也不会．"，排除C和D；因为too 和so用在肯定句中表示"也"；neither表示"也不"，不需要再与否定词连用，故排除A；either表示"也"，常常出现在否定句中，故选B．【知识点】否定句14.【分析】这家店将会关闭整顿直到得到另行通知为止．【解答】答案B．with 和，跟；随着；关于；和…一致；for为了，由于；at （表示位置）在；在（某时间或时刻）；until 到…为止；在…以前．结合句意"直到另行通知为止"可知until符合句意，故选B项．【知识点】时间介词15.【分析】那个由一座桥连接到大陆的岛很容易过去．【解答】答案：C此处在句中作后置定语，修饰名词The island；由于动词join与该名词构成被动关系，表示已经完成的动作，故用过去分词形式；A．现在分词作定语时，与其修饰词构成主谓关系；B．动词不定式作后置定语，表示将要完成的动作，并且与其修饰词之间不能用逗号隔开；D．现在分词的完成式通常表示伴随的状况，不能做后置定语；故选C．【知识点】过去分词16.【分析】当Jack到达前门的时候他看见一个奇怪的情景．【解答】答案：D．本题第一个空后面的名词door有front修饰，所以要用the表示"特指"，sight此处指"景色，景观"，是可数名词，前面用不定冠词a表示"泛指"．【知识点】冠词的用法辨析17.【分析】为史蒂文森先生工作真好，我实在找不到比他更好的老板了．【解答】答案：A．考查比较级的否定用法．否定词couldn't与better连用，表示"非常好"，相当于最高级．still better不能用于否定句中．故选：A．【知识点】形容词的比较级与最高级18.【分析】Sarah假装开心，对于那次争论什么也没说．【解答】答案：D此处在句中作伴随状语，由于动词say与其逻辑主语Sarah构成主谓关系，故此处应使用现在分词形式；A．动词的第三人称单数形式；B．动词的一般过去时；A．与B．在句中只能作谓语；C．动词不定式，不能作伴随状语；故选D．【知识点】现在分词19.【分析】虽然价格有点贵，但是这顿饭很可口．【解答】答案：Athough，虽然，尽管；即使；纵然．根据句意"这顿饭很可口"与后面"有点贵"，判断可知之间为让步关系，故though符合句意．其余选项：B whether，是否；不管；无论；C as，像，像…一样；由于；同时，当…时；D since，自从…以来；自从…的时候起；既然；因为；均不符合句意．故选：A．【知识点】从属连词、省略句20.【分析】﹣所以你将电话给他了？﹣﹣不完全是，她说当她能买得起自己的手机的时候就还给我．【解答】答案：B．分析各个选项A．My pleasure不用谢，B．Not exactly 不确切，C．No wonder难怪，D．All right好的，结合语境可知B符合题意．【知识点】语言交际二、完形填空（共1小题）21.【分析】本文主要讲了有时候人们会很疲惫，这导致了无论身处何地都会睡着的情况．【解答】21﹣25 ADCBD 26﹣30 CACBC 31﹣35 BCADD 36﹣40 BADBA21题答案：A 考查细节推理，根据句意"人们在下班回家路上的公交车或地铁上睡觉"可知本题答案为A选项"路"．22题答案：D 考查细节推理，根据句意"一个人可能正在阅读报纸"可知本题答案为D选项"阅读"．23题答案：C考查细节推理，根据句意"几秒钟之后似乎他就在吃报纸"可知本题答案为C选项"似乎"．24题答案：B 考查细节推理，根据句意"几秒钟之后似乎他就在吃报纸"可知本题答案为B选项"吃"，这里的"吃"意思是说看报纸的人在"打瞌睡"，与后面的"靠在陌生人肩上睡着"呼应．25题答案：D考查细节推理，根据句意"坐在他旁边的陌生人"可知本题答案为D选项"坐"．26题答案：C 考查细节推理，根据句意"另一个发生着未计划的短睡的地方就是演讲厅"可知本题答案为C选项"另一个"．27题答案：A 考查细节推理，根据句意"发生着未计划的短睡"可知本题答案为A选项"发生；进行"．28题答案：C 考查细节推理，根据句意"鼾声打得很大"可知本题答案为C选项"大声地"．29题答案：B考查细节推理，根据句意"教授不得不叫另一个学生把这个学生摇醒"可知本题答案为B选项"摇"．30题答案：C考查细节推理，根据句意"头部的重量使胳膊离开桌子"可知本题答案为C选项"重量"．31题答案：B考查细节推理，根据句意"胳膊离开了桌子"可知本题答案为B选项．32题答案：C 考查细节推理，根据句意"这一动作带动了身体的其余部分"可知本题答案为C选项the rest of"…的剩余部分"．33题答案：A考查细节推理，根据句意"学生在地板上醒来都不记得自己倒在了地板上"可知本题答案为A选项"记忆"．34题答案：D 考查细节推理，根据句意"睡觉最糟糕的时间是开车的时候"可知本题答案为D选项．35题答案：D 考查细节推理，根据句意"警察的报告里都是人们开车的时候车子驶离道路而发生的事故"可知本题答案为D选项"事故"．36题答案：B 考查细节推理，参考上一题解析，go off"偏离"．37题答案：A 考查细节推理，根据句意"如果人们幸运的话，那就没什么大碍"可知本题答案为A选项"幸运的"．38题答案：D考查细节推理，根据句意"例如，一位女司机把车子开进了河里"可知本题答案为D选项"例如"．39题答案：B考查细节推理，根据句意"她在四尺深的水里醒来"可知本题答案为B选项．40题答案：A考查细节推理，根据句意"如果人们真的很累，无论在哪他们都会睡着"可知本题答案为A选项"累的"．【知识点】人物故事三、阅读理解（共5小题）22.【分析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们介绍了费城壁画的崛起和优点以及壁画艺术的美好前景，MAP团队在费城以hope为最大目的壁画项目进行的十分成功，成功对抗了墙壁涂鸦，为社区的和谐作出了巨大贡献．【解答】41．D主旨大意题．根据第二段Jane Golden的话When a neighborhood requests a mural，the MAP works with the people there to develop a message可知，当人们问及该项目是关于什么的时候，她用一个词来概括，即Hope，故选D42．C推理判断题．根据第一、二段The walls that were once ugly with graffiti （涂鸦）are nowcovered with beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern art，昔日曾经被涂鸦的墙壁正被美丽的壁画所覆盖，以使社区更具魅力，因此对抗涂鸦应是该项目的目的，故选C．43．A细节理解题．根据第三段第二句When a neighborhood requests a mural，the MAP workswith the people there to develop a message可知，当社区的居民请求画一张壁画时，该项目的工作人员就和当地的人们一起工作来拟定出一个主题，故选A．44．D推理判断题．根据第一段及倒数第二段So far，more than 1，800murals （壁画）havebeen painted．Philadelphia now has more murals than any other American city可知，该项目很成功，故选D．【知识点】人文地理类阅读23.【分析】本文主要讲述了人类通过研究动物是否能够认出镜中的自己，即自己反射出的影像来测试意识．许多动物在这项测试中惨败，它们几乎没注意过那反射出的影像．事实显示，只有人类和一些高智商的动物，如猿和海豚，能够辨认出镜中的影像就是自己．【解答】45：B细节题．由第二段第一句"Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror"可以通过研究动物是否能够认出镜中的自己，既是自己反射出的影像来测试意识．可知正确答案为B．46：D推断题．由第一段第一句"For those who study the development of intelligence in the animalworld，self﹣awareness is an important measurement．"可知，自我意识是衡量智力的一个重要标准．而第二段"Only humans and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins，have been shownto recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves．"告诉我们只有大猩猩和海豚能像人类一样通过镜像测试，所以他们是有较高智力的，故正确答案为D．47：B细节题．由第七段第一句"Of the three，Happy then passed the test，in which a clear mark waspainted on one side of her face．She could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror，and sheused the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose．"可知Happy 通过镜子看到自己脸上的图画，而Maxine 和Patty 没有，故正确答案为B．【知识点】科教类阅读24.【分析】这是一则广告，主要是吸引更多的学生成为剑桥艺术影院的会员．【解答】48．A 推理判断题．依据第一段内容Cambridge Arts Cinema is one of the art houses in Britain and home of the internationally celebrated Cambridge Film Festival．可知剑桥艺术影院是国际上庆祝剑桥电影节的地方，故可推知在此影院最著名的活动是剑桥电影节．49．B 细节理解题．根据表格中What you get as a member 部分的叙述可知，作为一名剑桥艺术影院会员，你可免费享受为你邮寄的电影节目单（第三条），故选B．50．C 细节理解题．依据表格中…your card can be used from 1st October 2012 to 30th June 2013可知，会员期限是九个月，故选C．51．D 推理判断题．依据文章内容可判断出这是一则广告，主要是吸引更多的学生成为剑桥艺术影院的会员，故其写作目的是D项．【知识点】广告布告类阅读25.【分析】本文讲述了作者通过自己的亲身经历体会到的各国在文化、语言方面的差异，告诉我们一个道理：了解文化差异并且适应和接受文化的差异．【解答】52．A 细节理解题．从文章第一段分析，作者对于"quite"一词的理解偏差导致了作者心情不愉快．因为作者认为这家美国银行并没有器重他．故选A．53．D 猜测词义题．由文章第二段可知，无论我们说话还是做事，必须要注意我们文化之间的差异性．many of the differences we see between cultures 就是我们要注意的内容．highlight 本意"强调"，此处表示"注意"．故选D．54．B 推理判断题．由文章第三段信息句Mostly，is just a question of getting used to thedifferences and itaccepting them，like the climate，while getting on with business．可知，适应文化差异就像在外出差适应当地的气候一样，学会适应和接受．故本题选B．55．B 细节理解题．由第四段信息句If you invite people to a party at 7 oclock your guests willconsider itpolite to turn up exactly on time in Germany 可知，德国人是最准时的人．故选B．【知识点】科教类阅读26.【分析】本文讲述了Shelley成为美国小姐的故事，她以她的舞蹈老师为榜样，在获奖之后帮助青少年告诉他们酒驾的危险，并教导他们人生要经历许多苦难，但不管怎样都要勇敢面对，不能让任何人改变自己．【解答】56．C 词义猜测题，由第一段"I didn't hear them call my name，"explained Shelley Hennig to Active Teens（AT）as she talked about that exciting moment on national television when she won the honor of Miss Teen USA 2004．可知当提到那个时刻时她仍然是很开心的，故选C．57．A 细节理解题，由第四段She's been through so many difficulties and came through themall．可知Shelley以她的舞蹈老师为榜样是因为她很有决心，克服了很多困难，故选A．58．C 细节理解题，由第三段中的older brother，第五段中的her brother Brad 以及ShelleyHennig可知她有两个兄弟，因此他家一共有三个孩子，故选C．59．C 细节理解题，由第六段中As Miss Louisiana Teen，she traveled around the state speakingto teens（青少年）about the dangers of drinking and driving．可知在她成为路易斯安娜小姐后经常对青少年做酒驾危险的演讲，故选C．60．A 细节理解题，由最后一段"Don't let anyone change you．Hang out with people that makeyou feel good about yourself．That way，it is easy to be yourself．"可知Shelley告诉青少年们不要让别人改变你，要和朋友一起度过困难，故选A．【知识点】人物故事类四、信息匹配（共1小题）27.【分析】这是两个人在公交站的随便的聊天，从天气开始聊起，聊到自己家乡的天气．【解答】E A F B D61．E 结合下文的I'm waiting for the number seven myself，可知选E．；62．A 从上文中的Hot today和下文的Me too等可知是希望下雨变得凉爽一些，故选A．；63．F 上文对方判断他来自佛罗里达州，回答是Not really﹣不完全是．所以接下来需要解释自己其实是来自哪里的．F项中here 指代佛罗里达州，且由于出生在纽约所以说来自佛罗里达州并不确切．故正确答案为F．64．B 下文的回答是"No．It's always a little late．"﹣不，它总是会晚一些．再根据后文话题的转变可知他们在谈论公共汽车，it 指代公共汽车．由于汽车经常晚点一些所以不用担心，故正。
2011年高考英语试题及答案(全国卷Ⅱ)
2011年高考英语试题及答案（全国卷Ⅱ)I. 用适当的语法形式或词汇填空。
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将其代码填在答题纸相应的位置上。
(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)1. I planned（）the task before last Sunday, but failed because of a bad cold.A. to finishB. to have finishedC. finishingD. having finished2. T om has been writing letters all morning, but he should finish them by now,（）?A. has heB. hasn’t heC. should heD. shouldn’t he3. W e can make some changes in the plan（）you find anything improper.A. in caseB. unlessC. so thatD. even though4. The manner in which he talked reminded me（）his grandfather.A. inB. byC. ofD. towards5. He has made another wonderful discovery,（）of great importance to science.A. I think which itB. which I think isC. that I think isD. which I think it is6. It’s 10∶00 a.m. Mr. Johnson（）home now, for he told me that he would meet me in his office at this time.A. must beB. mustn’t beC. can beD. can’t be7. If only we（）as we were told! This would never have happened.A. didB. had doneC. would doD. would have done8. The key（）success is hardworking and persistence.A. onB. forC. toD. of9. For nearly three hours we waited for the decision, only（）to come again the next day.A. to tellB. to be toldC. being toldD. telling10. In our opinion, there is much（）in their proposal.A. to improveB. improvingC. to be improvedD. to have been improved11. Hardly had he rushed out of the gate（）the whole building collapsed right behind him.A. whenB. thanC. thenD. that12. His report is（）it gives a quite clear idea of every fact.A. written as well thatB. written too well thatC. written so well thatD. written well so as13. The book is much too difficult for me; most of it is quite（）my understanding.A. overB. behindC. againstD. beyond14. She will have some visitors tomorrow, so the has to have somebody（）her six-bedroom house today.A. cleanedB. cleaningC. cleanD. to be cleaned15. The wife blamed the husband for not having told her that they were（）short of money.A. turningB. runningC. goingD. proving16. It is hardly（）that I shall be able to present on the occasion.A. possiblyB. feasibleC. incredibleD. likely17. John won’t go hunting tomorrow, and（）.A. won’t his brother neitherB. won’t his brother eitherC. neither his brother willD. neither will his brother18. However hard I tried, I could not（）him that he was wrong.A. believeB. ensureC. convinceD. persuade19. After three days, he came（）. But staring at his wife and children, he could recognize none of them.A. outB. upC. acrossD. to20.（）to our disappointment, all our efforts were proved useless.A. ManyB. MuchC. MoreD. SuchII. 认真阅读下面两篇短文，每篇短文后有五个问题。
2011年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2011年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析2011 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇说明性的文章，主要讨论了互联网上的身份验证问题。
作者首先提出，由于网络用户的匿名现象带来的隐私泄露和网络犯罪问题，然后针对这些问题介绍了一种称为“自愿信任身份识别”系统的解决方法，并对这种方法做了评述。
二、试题解析1.【答案】A【解析】本题目考生需要关注两点：（1）空格前的主语（2）空格后的介词短语。
鉴于此，考生需要从四个选项中选出一个不及物动词，能与空格前的主语that（指代the explosion of cyber crime 网络犯罪的激增）构成主谓逻辑，并与空格后的介词短语across the Web 构成动宾逻辑。
A 项swept（打扫，席卷）可以做不及物动词，并能与空前的主语和空后的介词短语构成顺畅的逻辑关系，即在文中表示“匿名制是造成网络犯罪席卷互联网的原因”，故A为正确答案。
B 项skip 意为“跳过，掠过”；C 项walk 意为“走，步行”；D 项ride 意为“骑，乘，驾”虽可做不及物动词，但与空前主语和空后介词短语不构成完整的主谓搭配和动宾搭配，都是干扰项。
2.【答案】C【解析】本题目考生需要重点关注空格后的状语从句，状语从句引导词的选择主要考虑从句与主句之间的语意关系。
空格所在句子的主句是privacy be preserved（隐私得以保护），从句是省略了主语和助动词的bringing safety andsecurity to the world（带来网络世界的安全），由此可以推断本句是要表达“在给世界带来安全保障的同时，隐私是否能够得以保护呢？”，C 项while 意为“在……的同时，当……的时候”，可以表示伴随关系，故为正确答案。
A 项for 表示因果关系；B 项within 表示“在……里面，不超出”；D 项though 表示让步关系；在搭配上与doing并无典型用法，此外带入空格，整个句子逻辑也很不通顺，故为干扰选项。
2011年高考《英语》真题(全国卷2)
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题解析第一部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分80分）从A B C D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处地最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. -I’m sorry I didn’t make it to your party last night.-- ______, I know you’re busy these days.A. Of courseB. No kiddingC. That’s all nightD. Don’t me ntion it【答案】C【解析】情景交际今年首次出现在第一题，说明了高考重视应用的趋势。
完整的问句和答句的后半句都是提示信息：根据问句中的I’msorry…可以排除选项A、B；根据后半句―我知道你最近几天很忙‖可以排除选项D。
2. Experts think that ______recently discovered painting may be ______ Picsso.A. the ;不填B. a ;theC. a; 不填D. the; a【答案】D【解析】本题考点为冠词，每年必考一题，常为区分某名词是特指还是泛指。
根据句意―专家们认为这幅最近本发现的画作可能是一幅毕加索的作品。
‖可知前一空应该是表示特指的定冠词the；后一空用不定冠词a加上毕加索的名字（该单词学生在不认识的情况下，可以观察到其开头字母大写，应该是人名或地名类的专有名词，再由全句判断得出词义），表示其众多作品之一，泛指。
3. Bats are surprisingly long lived creatures some ______a life span of around 20 years.A. havingB. hadC. haveD. to have【答案】A【解析】本题的考点为独立主格结构，判断依据是逗号前后主语不同，前者是所有蝙蝠，而后者是某些蝙蝠（主语前后不一致又没有用连词引导的从句结构，这是少见的―独立主格‖标志）。
2011年考研英语(二)真题完整版
2011年考研英语(二)真题完整版2011年考研英语(二)真题完整版2011-1-16 14:46教育在线Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered black and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）The Internet affords anonymity to its users，a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ？Last month，Howard Schmidt，the nation‘s cyber-czar，offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that wouldbe the high-tech 5 of a physical key，a fingerprint and a photo ID card，all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card，or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join，and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver‘s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“singlesign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 .the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace，with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ，trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the tr ansaction runs”。
2011年高考《英语》真题(全国卷2)
绝密★启用前2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英 语本试卷分第一卷(选择题)和第二卷(非选择题)两部分。
第一卷1至14页。
第二卷15至16页。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一卷注意事项：1．答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径O．5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。
请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。
2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，在试题卷上作答无效。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题；每小题1．5分，满分7．5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题．每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A．￡19．15． B．￡9．15． C．￡9．18．答案是B．1．What does the man like about the play?A．The story．B．The ending．C．The actor．2、Which place are the speakers trying to find?B．bank．C．restaurant．3．At what time will the two speakers meet?A．5：20．B．5：lO．C．4：40．4．what will the man do?A．Change the plan．B．Wait for a phone call．C．Sort things out．5．What does the woman want to do?A．See a film with the man．B．Offer the mall some help．C．Listen to some great music．第二节(共1 5小题：每小题1．5分，满分22．5分)听下面5段对话。
2011年英语二真题答案及解析
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试卷2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试卷Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D an ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)"The Internet affords anonymity to its users — a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber czar, offered the Osama government a 4 to make the Web a safer place —a “voluntary identify” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identify systems. Users could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 , the approach would create a “walled garden” in safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of the infrastructure that the transaction runs 15 .'"Still, the administration’s p lan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such an initiative push toward what would 17 be a license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1.A.swept B. skipped C. walked D. ridden2.A.for B. within C. while D. though3.A.careless B. lawless C. pointless D. helpless4.A.reason B. reminder C. compromise D. proposalrmation B. interference C. entertainment D. equivalent6.A.by B. into C. from D. over7.A.linked B. directed C. chained D. compared8.A.dismiss B. discover C. create D. improve9.A.recall B. suggest C. select D. realize10.A.released B. issued C. distributed D. delivered11.A.carry on B. linger on C. set in D. log in12.A.In vain B. In effect C. In return D. In contrast13.A.trusted B. modernized C. thriving D. competing14.A.caution B. delight C. confidence D. patience15.A.on B. after C. beyond D. across16.A.divided B. disappointed C. protected D. united17.A.frequently B. incidentally C. occasionally D. eventually18.A.skepticism B. tolerance C. indifference D. enthusiasm19.A.manageable B. defendable C. vulnerable D. invisible20.A.invited B. appointed C. allowed D. forcedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs's board as an outside director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University in Rhode Island. For the rest of the decade she apparently juggled both roles (as well as several other directorships) without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms Simmons was under fire from students and alumni for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February Ms Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm's board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals. Leaders from other fields are frequently in demand: former presidents or Cabinet members, retired CEOs, and yes, university presidents. If the sky, and the share price, is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those "surprise" disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms, although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they "trade up", leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives, such as increasing pay, says Dr Fahlenbrach. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1,Ms Simmons was criticized for .A. gaining excessive profits B .failing to fulfill her dutyC .refusing to make compromises D. leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .A. generous investors B .unbiased executivesC .share price forecastersD .independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University，after an outside director’s Surprise departure ,the fireis likely to .A. become more stableB. report increased earningsC .do less well in the stock market D. perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .A. may stay for the attractive offers form the firm.B. have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm.C. are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm.D. will decline incentives from the firm.25 The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is.A permissiveB positiveC scornfulD criticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspapers? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America’s Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them? It will hold another meeting on June 15th. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is little sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers shrugged off the recession (see article). Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled corner of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the OECD. In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely pruned. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business. Just look at the fate of Otis Chandler’s creation.26.By saying “Newspapers like ….their own doom”(lines 3-4,para,1) the author indicates that newspapers .A .neglected the sign of crisisB .failed to get state subsidiesC .were not charitable corporationsD .were in a desperate situation27.Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because .A .readers threatened to pay lessB .newspapers wanted to reduce costsC .journalists reported little about these areasD .subscribers complained about slimmer products.pared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspaper are much more stable because they .A .have more sources of revenueB .have more balanced newsroomsC .are less dependant on advertisingD .are less affected by readership29.What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?A .Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.B .Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspapers.C .Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspapers business.D .Readers have lost their interest in car and firm30.The most appropriate title for this text would beA .American Newspapers: Struggling for SurvivalB .American Newspapers: Gone with the WindC .American Newspapers: A Thriving BusinessD .American Newspapers: A Hopeless StoryText 3We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G.I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so than Mies.Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact than a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood — materials that we take for granted today but that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant tow ers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet —than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’ details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward “less” was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses — usually around 1,200 square feet — than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The “Case Study Houses” commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine b etween 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the “less is more” trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would impact everyday life — few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers — but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans .A. prosperity an growthB. efficiency and practicalityC. restraint and confidenceD. pride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about the Bauhaus?A. It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.B. Its designing concept was affected by World War II.C. Most American architects used to be associated with it.D. It had a great influence upon American architecture.33.Mies held that elegance of architectural design .A. was related to large spaceB. was identified with emptinessC. was not reliant on abundant decorationD. was not associated with efficiency34.What is true about the apartments Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive?A. They ignored details and proportions.B. They were built with materials popular at that time.C. They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.D. They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35.What can we learn about the design of the “Case Study Houses”?A. Mechanical devices were widely used.B. Natural scenes were taken into consideration.C. Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.D. Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text 4Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded outlandish not long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle” of debt, demographic decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries t hat use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive stragglers the quick fix of devaluation.Yet th e debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonisation within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrowing, spending and competitiveness, backed by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that stray. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects, a nd even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigor; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favor French dirigisme.A “southern” camp headed by France wants something different: “European economic government” within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians meddling in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or outright fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the French government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labor costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world’s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more porous to goods, capital and labor than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.36.The EU is faced with to many problems thatA .it has more or less lost faith in marketsB .even its supporters begin to feel concernedC .some of its member countries plan to abandon euroD .it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37 The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck because the dominant powersA .are competing for the leading positionB .are busy handling their own crisesC. fail to reach an agreement on harmonizationD .disagree on the steps towards disintegration38 To solve the euro problem ,Germany proposed thatA .EU funds for poor regions be increasedB .stricter regulations be imposedC .only core members be involved in economic co-ordinationD .voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39 The French proposal of handling the crisis implies thatA. poor countries are more likely to get fundsB .strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countriesC .loans will be readily available to rich countriesD .rich countries will basically control Eurobonds40 Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feelA .pessimisticB .desperate C. conceited D. hopefulPart BDirections：You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A — G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text （41 — 45）. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government's role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose "fat taxes" on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.The demands follow comments last week by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools, restrict advertising of products high in fat, salt or sugar, and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food producers such as McDonald's.They argue that government action is necessary to curb Britain's addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or binge drinking."Thirty years ago, it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or in pubs, and yet that is what we have now. Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be," said the leader of the UK's children's doctors.Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead. He said that manufacturers of crisps and confectionery could play a central role in the Change4Life campaign, the centerpiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness. He has also criticized the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver's high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how "lecturing" people was not the best way to change their behavior.Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before the 9pm watershed and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas. "If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes –by setting stringent limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events," he said.Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald's, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offering "inducements" such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said.Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: "If children are taught about the impact that food has on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front."He also urged councils to impose "fast-food-free zones" around schools and hospitals –areas within which takeaways cannot open.A Department of Health spokesperson said: "We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creating a new 'responsibility deal' with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this."The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.A “fat taxes”should be imposed onfast-food producers such asMcDonald’sB the government should banfast-food outlets in the neighborhoodof schools41.Andrew Lansley held that C “lecturing” was an effective wayto improve school lunches inEngland42.Terence Stephenson agreed that D cigarette-style warnings should beintroduced to children about thedangers of a poor diet43.Jamie Oliver seemed to believe that E the producers of crisps and candies could contribute significantly to the Change4Life campaign44.Dinesh Bhugra suggested that F parents should set good examplesfor their children by keeping ahealthy diet at home45.A Department of Health spokesperson proposed that G the government should strengthen the sense of responsibility among businessesSection III TranslationDirections: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate it into Chinese and write your version on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)We would have thought that globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do- roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment Google search an leak between 0.2 and 0.7 grams of CO2,depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right” answer. To deliver results to its needs quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centers around the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2,these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centre need to be well air-confirmed gases even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency quickly and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the need to production, but there is much more to be done, and not just by big companies.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university. Write him/her a letter to:(1)congratulate him/her, and(2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B48.Directions:Write a short essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should:1)interpret the chart and2)give your comments.You should write at least 150 wordsWrite your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15points)2008、2009年国内轿车市场部分品牌份额示意图参考答案及解析完形填空参考答案1~5 ACBDD 6~10 BACCB 11~15 DBACA 16~20 ADACDTEXT 1 参考答案21．A。
2011年英语二(完整版)
【参考范文】 Dear Li Ming,
We are very happy to know that you have successfully passed the college entrance examination this year and have been admitted into Peking University. Allow us to give our most sincere congratulations on this exciting occasion.
You have all along been working hard at your professional studies, and you are excellent in most subjects. Your success shows that only hard work can yield good results，so I suggest that you should make a great progress in university life.
Based on what has been discussed above, we may reasonably conclude that the tendency described in graphic will continue for quite a long time. Hopefully, government could offer more friendly policies to China autos manufacturers to encourage quality improvement and technology innovation.
2011高考英语全国2卷 试卷
第一节单项填空(共l 5小题；每小题1分，满分l 5分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A howeverB whatever C. whichever D whenever答案是B。
21. —We could invite John and Barbara to the Friday night party．—Yes, ?I‟ll give them a call right now.A. why notB. what forC. whyD. what22．Try she might,Sue couldn‟t get the door open.A.ifB.whenC.sineD.as23. Planning so far ahead no sense—so many things will have changed by next year.．A．made B.is makingC．makes D.has made24．I wasn‟t sure if he was really interested or if he polite.A．was just being B.will just beC．had just been D.would just be25．—Someone wants you on the phone．—______________body knows I am here.A．Although B.AndC．But D.So26．I can the house being untidy，but I hate it if it‟s not clean•A．come up with B．put up withC．turn to D．stick to27．The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house．A．rose B．risingC．to rise D．risen28．Only when he reached the tea-house it was the same place he‟d been in last year．A．he realized B．he did realizeC．realized he D．did he realize29．When Alice came to，she did not know how long she there．A．had been lying B．has been lyingC．w as lying D．has lain30．The form cannot be signed by anyone yourself．A．rather than B．other thanC．more than D．better than31．The prize will go to the writer story shows the most imagination.A．that B．whichC．whose D．what32．They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A．will B．canC．must D．should33．It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.A．a; a B. a；theC．the;the D．a；不填34．William found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight Was beginning to . A．disappear B. fallC．fail D．damage35．Artistic people can be very difficult sometimes.Well，you married one ．A．You name it B．I‟ve got itC．I can‟t agree more D．You should know第二节完形填空20,J、题；每小题1．5分，满分30分)阅读下面的短文，从短文后个体所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出也已填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上讲该项涂黑。
2011年高考英语试题(含答案)(全国2卷)
2011年高考英语试题（全国2卷）第一卷第一部分英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分）第一节语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）从A, B, C, D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：haveA. gaveB. saveC. hatD. made答案是C。
1. cushionA. buttonB. butcherC. buryD. duty2. countryA. announceB. coughC. encourageD. shoulder3. pillowA. flowerB. allowC. knowledgeD. follow4. reachA. breatheB. reallyC. pleasureD. heaven5. ChristmasA. handkerchiefB. teacherC. acheD. merchant第二节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A, B, C, D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child ________ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B。
6. —Did you forget about my birthday?—________ I’ve booked a table at Michel’s restaurant for this evening.A. What then?B. I’m afraid so.C. how could I?D. For sure.7. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ________ is a stupid thing todo in such weather.A. thisB. thatC. whatD. which8. If you ________ smoke, please go outside.A. canB. shouldC. mustD. may9. If you don’t like the drink you ________ just leave it and try a different one.A. orderedB. are orderingC. will orderD. had ordered10. Mary, I ________ John of his promise to help you.A. toldB. remindedC. warnedD. advised11. I got this bicycle for ________. My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.A. everythingB. somethingC. anythingD. nothing12. It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is ________ another to play it wellyourself.A. quiteB. veryC. ratherD. much13. Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and ________ .A. neither won’t TomB. Tom won’t eitherC. Tom will tooD. so will Tom14. This shop will be closed for repairs ________ further notice.A. withB. untilC. forD. at15. The island, ________ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A. joiningB. to joinC. joinedD. having joined16. As he reached ________ front door, Jack saw ________ strange sight.A. the;不填B. a; theC. 不填aD. the; a17. Mr. Stevenson is great to work for -- I really couldn’t ask for a ________ boss.A. betterB. goodC. bestD. still better18. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ________ nothing about the argument.A. saysB. saidC. to sayD. saying19. It was a nice meal, ________ a little expensive.A. thoughB. whetherC. asD. since20. —So you gave her your phone?—________ she said she’d return it to me when she could afford her own.A. My pleasureB. Not exactlyC. No doubtD. All right第三节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A, B, C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项飞并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2011年高考全国卷二(英语)解析
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷二）英语参考答案与解题提示1.B2. C3. D4. A5.C6.【答案】C【命题立意】考查交际用语。
【解题思路】根据下一句“已经在餐厅为生日订了桌子”可知，并没有忘记，故选C项，意为“我怎么会忘了呢?”。
7.【答案】D【命题立意】考查非限制性定语从句。
【解题思路】句意为:Ted只穿了短裤和T恤衫来过周末，在这样的天气穿成这样够傻的。
空格处引导非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which替代前面一句话，故选D项。
8.【答案】C【命题立意】考查情态动词辨析。
【解题思路】句意为:假如你一定要抽烟的话，请你出去。
must意为“(表示主张)一定要，坚持要”，符合语境，故选C项。
9.【答案】A【命题立意】考查动词的时态。
【解题思路】句意为:如果对所点的饮料不满意，可以尝尝另一种。
由语境可知，order 动作发生在like之前，故用过去时态。
故选A项。
【易错点】考生如果不注意动作之间的先后关系，会误选B、C两项，此题可以运用排除法得出答案。
10.【答案】B【命题立意】考查动词短语搭配。
【解题思路】tell sb. of sth.意为“给某人讲述某事”，remind sb. of sth.意为“提醒某人某事”，warn sb. of sth.意为“警告某人某事”。
根据句意可知，提醒John记得他要帮助你的承诺，故选B项。
【知识拓展】与remind结构相同的词还有：inform sb. of/about sth.意为“通知某人某事”，cure sb. of意为“治愈某人的疾病，纠正某人的坏习惯”，cheat sb. of sth.意为“骗取某人某物”， rob sb. of sth.意为“抢劫某人某物”等。
11.【答案】D【命题立意】考查代词词义辨析。
【解题思路】根据句意可知，朋友买了新的自行车，所以将旧的自行车给我了，因此我是免费获得了一辆车。
for nothing意为“免费”，符合语境，故选D项。
2011年考研英语二真题及答案
2011年考研英语二真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Many years ago, I visited an old university friend who was studying medicine in London. He took (1) of his university's medical department and showed me around the research labs. As we were about to leave the cancer laboratory, I noticed a (2) piece of paper attached to the wall. It had a list of chemical substances and the respective (3) on cancer cells. The exact values were noted down, including the concentration of each chemical, the time of incubation (培养期) and the size of the cancer cell culture plate. It was clear that someone had been (4) a serious experiment.When I asked my friend about it, he smiled and told me something which I have never (5) . The paper contained the complete results of a very important (6) experiment and it was someone's (7) to update the online laboratory notebook. This was a record of the steps followed, the results obtained, and any other (8) information. The idea was to help everyone in the lab stay updated on the progress of the (9) . I was very impressed by the responsibility shown by the person who conducted the experiment and, of course, by the general idea of (10) a notebook that could be accessed by everyone in real-time.Unfortunately, the (11) of this great idea is not yet mature. The idea that a lab notebook could be online goes (12) the traditional view of a personaland (13) place where researchers could record their thoughts, ideas and results. But today's labs (14) a different picture. Many labs employ researchers from different parts of the world, connected with existing and emerging (15) for collaboration. A worldwide accessible notebook is therefore not a bad idea and, as a matter of (16) , it is already a reality in some laboratories around the world.In some labs, a notebook is only accessible via their secure network (17) a username and password. Others are looking at public ways to grant access. Similarly, some labs have entire lab management (18) that include the sharing of notes, protocols and results. Other labs intend to add this functionality very soon. There are still (19) to be resolved, mainly regarding security and privacy issues, but the general trend is undeniably (20) the switch from paper to digital notebooks.1. A full B advantage C control D medicine2. A folded B misplaced C crumpled D dusty3. A research B professions C influences D effects4. A experimenting B employing C conducting D exploring5. A heard B believed C discovered D forgotten6. A laboratory B chemical C medicinal D scientific7. A purpose B background C spotlight D duty8. A relevant B efficient C irrelevant D supportive9. A examination B experiment C discovery D application10. A protecting B saving C accessing D revising11. A understanding B application C expertise D achievement12. A beyond B against C upon D over13. A confidential B public C specialized D open14. A picture B scenario C strategy D figure15. A networks B fields C topics D tools16. A fact B principle C research D access17. A concerning B acknowledging C reinforcing D requiring18. A traditions B policies C environments D positions19. A issues B concerns C areas D procedures20. A promoting B preventing C encouraging D hindering参考答案：1. C control2. B misplaced3. D effects4. C conducting5. D forgotten6. A laboratory7. D duty8. A relevant9. B experiment10. C accessing11. B application12. A beyond13. B public14. B scenario15. A networks16. A fact17. D requiring18. C environments19. A issues20. C encouragingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1According to Thomas Edison, most inventions are 1 percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration. That may have been true in his day, but invention has changed radically in the past century. Today, it can be both more efficient and more frustrating, with inventors making errors such as forgetting the "ordinary skills" requirement for getting a patent and misreading established patents.Soon, these kinds of mistakes will be less likely, thanks to a new method developed by a researcher at the Fordham University School of Law in New York City.The method, known as "invention mining", is a way to find out possible inventions from huge databases of scientific information. Invention mining gives inventors many new veins to tap into - and makes it much easier to come up with new ideas.In the past, the first step of inventing something new was an exhaustive search through existing patents to make sure the proposed invention hadn't already been patented. But that traditional search couldn't effectively cover all the information needed, as it was only possible to cover a fraction of patents, university research papers, and other sources of technical information in any one search.However, invention mining can go through billions of records of technical information in one search. "Text mining is natural language processing, but invention mining is natural language processing on steroids （特效药）" says Professor Stempfle.According to his study, a successful search of one billion records using a properly formed claim will return about 3.15 million technical documents for review, and we usually only need to inspect about 150,000 of these to find a few that truly meet our needs.Invention mining can turn up scientific research and patents nobody ever knew existed. Stempfle's paper cited an example of a case study from Ford when a scientist was doing background research on fire protection systems: it found a solution that had been patented and then forgotten, dating back to an 1838 patent. "The inventors of the company that found this were excited," says Stempfle, but nobody else had ever heard of the invention. This would have been something that may not otherwise have been discovered."Invention mining gives small inventors a newfound power against large corporations," says Stempfle . "Say you're a small inventor with 20 patents, and then IBM thinks you're infringing on（侵犯） one of their patents. IBM can do a search through a million patents to find ground to say your patent is invalid. Using a tool like invention mining, you can look at the same million patents to come up with innovative ways to say the IBM patent is not reallya valid one. It really does level the playing field."21. Invention mining helps inventors to ________.A. identify and solve problems in the invention processB. establish the ordinary skills requirement for getting a patentC. read established patents with more efficiencyD. prevent scientific information from being forgotten22. Compared to the traditional search, invention mining ________.A. covers a wider range of technical informationB. is more time-consumingC. requires a larger database of scientific informationD. focuses on patents and university research papers23. What does Professor Stempfle suggest about invention mining?A. It should be used in the background research of fire protection systems.B. It should only be used by small inventors against large corporations.C. It should be improved through natural language processing.D. It should be applied to the validation of small inventors' patents.24. What can be a drawback of invention mining?A. Certain patents are prone to being misread by inventors.B. It relies heavily on existing patents.C. It doesn't cover all the technical information.D. Some 19th-century patents may have been missed.25. What is the main purpose of the text?A. To discuss the new method of invention mining.B. To compare the merits of invention mining and traditional search.C. To introduce the researcher behind the invention mining method.D. To analyze the potential of invention mining in the future.参考答案：21. A. identify and solve problems in the invention process22. A. covers a wider range of technical information23. D. It should be applied to the validation of small inventors' patents.24. C. It doesn't cover all the technical information.25. A. To discuss the new method of invention mining.Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (20 points)Text 2The saying "knowledge is power" is accurate in many situations. We tend to believe that the more information we have, the better decisions we can make. However, recent research suggests that this may not always be the case. In fact, having too much information can sometimes hinder our decision-making process and lead to poorer outcomes.One reason why an excess of information may be detrimental is that it can lead to information overload. When we are faced with too much information, we may struggle to process it all efficiently. As a result, wemay overlook important details or become overwhelmed, leading to decision paralysis. In this state, it becomes difficult to make any decision at all.Furthermore, having too much information can also lead to biased decision-making. When we have a lot of information, it is natural for us to focus on the information that supports our existing beliefs or preferences, while disregarding contradictory information. This confirmation bias can limit our ability to consider alternative perspectives and make well-rounded decisions.Another issue associated with an excess of information is the potential for analysis paralysis. This occurs when we spend excessive amounts of time analyzing and comparing different options, becoming so fixated on finding the perfect choice that we fail to make a decision altogether. The fear of making a suboptimal choice can act as a barrier to action, preventing us from moving forward and potentially missing out on valuable opportunities.While information is undoubtedly valuable, it is important to strike a balance and avoid becoming overwhelmed by an excessive amount of data. Recognizing the limitations of information and being mindful of its potential effects on decision-making can help ensure more effective and efficient choices.26. What is the author's main point about information?A. It is essential for making well-rounded decisions.B. It can lead to biased decision-making.C. It can hinder the decision-making process.D. It is necessary for finding valuable opportunities.27. What is "confirmation bias"?A. Overlooking important details due to information overload.B. Struggling to process excessive amounts of information.C. Focusing on information that supports existing beliefs.D. Spending excessive time analyzing different options.28. What does the author mean by "analysis paralysis"?A. Being overwhelmed by contradictory information.B. Failing to make a decision due to fear of making a mistake.C. Considering alternative perspectives when making a choice.D. Being unable to distinguish between valuable and irrelevant information.29. According to the text, what is important when dealing with information?A. Finding the perfect choice.B. Overcoming decision paralysis.C. Recognizing the limitations of information.D. Analyzing and comparing different options.30. What is the tone of the text?A. OptimisticB. CautiousC. InformativeD. Argumentative参考答案：26. C. It can hinder the decision-making process.27. C. Focusing on information that supports existing beliefs.28. B. Failing to make a decision due to fear of making a mistake.29. C. Recognizing the limitations of information.30. B. CautiousSection III TranslationDirections:Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)传统教育系统中，作业被视为学生练习和掌握课堂知识的一种方式。
2011年考研英语二真题答案及解析
上文 safety and security 形成对立关系。都是干扰项。
Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation's cyberczar, offered the federal government a__4__to make the Web a
safer place—a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the hightech__5__of a physical key, a fingerprint and
increasingly__3__？ …that seems increasingly__3__修饰限定前面的 world，解答该题仍需要根据上文信息推断。
网络犯罪席卷互联网，可推断出网络世界看起来越来越没有法律性可言。所以正确答案选 B 项 lawless。
【命题思路】该题考查词义辨析。
【干扰排除】A 项 careless“粗心大意的”，C 项 pointless“毫无意义的”，D 项 helpless“无助的”，不能与
a photo ID card, all rolled__6__one.The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential__7__to a
specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to__8__a federation of private
online identity systems. User could__9__which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(全国Ⅱ卷)
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(全国Ⅱ卷)英语本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。
第一卷1至12页。
第二卷13至14页。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一卷第一节语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）第二节从A, B, C, D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1 ．cushionA. buttonB. butcherC. buryD. duty2. countryA.announceB. coughC. encourageD. shoulder3 ．pillowA. flowerB. allowC. knowledgeD. follow4. reachA. breatheB. reallyC. pleasureD. heaven5 ．ChristmasA. handkerchiefB. teacherC. acheD. merchant第二节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A, B, C, D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B。
6. ----Did you forget about my birthday?---- I’ve booked a table at Michel’s restaurant for this evening.A. What then?B. I’m afraid so.C. how could I?D. For sure.7. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, is a stupidthing to do in such weather.A. thisB. thatC. whatD. which8. If you smoke, please go outside.A. canB. shouldC. mustD. may9. If you don’t like the drink you ______, just leave it and try a different one.A. orderedB. are orderingC. will orderD. had ordered10. Mary, I _____ John of his promise to help you.A. toldB. remindedC. warnedD. advised11. I got this bicycle for ; My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.A. everythingB. somethingC. anythingD. nothing12. It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is another to playit well yourself.A. quiteB. veryC. ratherD. much13. Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and .A. neither won’t TomB. Tom won’t eitherC. Tom will tooD. so will Tom14. This shop will be closed for repairs further notice.A. withB. untilC. forD. at15. The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A. joiningB. to joinC. joinedD. having joined16. As he reached front door, Jack saw strange sight.A. the; 不填B. a; theC.不填, aD. the; a17. Mr. Stevenson is great to work for ---- I really couldn’t ask for a boss.A. betterB. goodC. bestD. still better18. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ______ nothing about the argument.A. says B: said C. to say D. saying19. It was a nice meal, _______a little expensive.A. thoughB. whetherC. asD. since20. -----So you gave her your phone?-----______, she said she’d return it to me when she could afford her own.A. My pleasureB. Not exactlyC. No doubtD. All right6-10 CDCAB 11-15 DABBC 16-20 DADAB第三节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A, B, C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项飞并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2011年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2011 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇说明性的文章，主要讨论了互联网上的身份验证问题。
作者首先提出，由于网络用户的匿名现象带来的隐私泄露和网络犯罪问题，然后针对这些问题介绍了一种称为“自愿信任身份识别”系统的解决方法，并对这种方法做了评述。
二、试题解析1.【答案】A【解析】本题目考生需要关注两点：（1）空格前的主语（2）空格后的介词短语。
鉴于此，考生需要从四个选项中选出一个不及物动词，能与空格前的主语that（指代the explosion of cyber crime 网络犯罪的激增）构成主谓逻辑，并与空格后的介词短语across the Web 构成动宾逻辑。
A 项swept（打扫，席卷）可以做不及物动词，并能与空前的主语和空后的介词短语构成顺畅的逻辑关系，即在文中表示“匿名制是造成网络犯罪席卷互联网的原因”，故A为正确答案。
B 项skip 意为“跳过，掠过”；C 项walk 意为“走，步行”；D 项ride 意为“骑，乘，驾”虽可做不及物动词，但与空前主语和空后介词短语不构成完整的主谓搭配和动宾搭配，都是干扰项。
2.【答案】C【解析】本题目考生需要重点关注空格后的状语从句，状语从句引导词的选择主要考虑从句与主句之间的语意关系。
空格所在句子的主句是privacy be preserved（隐私得以保护），从句是省略了主语和助动词的bringing safety andsecurity to the world（带来网络世界的安全），由此可以推断本句是要表达“在给世界带来安全保障的同时，隐私是否能够得以保护呢？”，C 项while 意为“在……的同时，当……的时候”，可以表示伴随关系，故为正确答案。
A 项for 表示因果关系；B 项within 表示“在……里面，不超出”；D 项though 表示让步关系；在搭配上与doing并无典型用法，此外带入空格，整个句子逻辑也很不通顺，故为干扰选项。
2011年全国考研英语(二)试题及答案
2011年全国考研英语（二）试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A B C or D on Answer Sheet 1 (10 points)Individuals and businesses have legal protection for intellectual property they create and own. Intellectual property _1_from creative thinking and may include products _2_ processes and ideas. Intellectual property is protected _3_ misappropriation (盗用) Misappropriation is taking the intellectual property of others without _4_ compensation and using it for monetary gain.Legal protection is provided for the _5_ of intellectual property. The three common types of legal protection are patents copyrights and trademarks.Patents provide exclusive use of inventions. If the U.S. Patent Office _6_ a patent it is confirming that the intellectual property is _7_. The patent prevents others from making using or selling the invention without the owner’s _8_ for a period of 20 years.Copyright are similar to patents _9_ that they are applied to artistic works. A copyright protects the creator of an _10_ artistic or intellectual work such as a song or a novel. A copyright gives the owner exclusive rights to copy _11_ display or perform the work. The copyright prevents others from using and selling the work. The _12_ of a copyright is typically the lifetime of the author _13_ an additional 70 years.Trademarks are words names or symbols that identify the manufacturer of a product and _14_ it from similar goods of others. A servicemark is similar to a trademark _15_ is used to identify service.A trademark prevents others from using the _16_ or a similar word name or symbol to take advantage of the recognition and _17_ of the brand or to create confusion in the marketplace. _18_ registration a trademark is usually granted for a period of ten years. It can be _19_ for additional ten-year periods indefinitely as _20_ as the mark’s use continues.1. A. retrieves B. deviates C. results D. departs2. A. services B. reserves C. assumptions D. motions3. A. for B. with C. by D. from4. A. sound B. partial C. due D. random5. A. users B. owners C. masters D. executives6. A. affords B. affiliates C. funds D. grants7. A. solemn B. sober C. unique D. universal8. A. perspective B. permission C. conformity D. consensus9. A. except B. besides C. beyond D. despite10. A. absolute B. alternative C. original D. orthodox11. A. presume B. stimulate C. nominate D. distribute12. A. range B. length C. scale D. extent13. A. plus B. versus C. via D. until14. A. distract B. differ C. distinguish D. disconnect15. A. or B. but C. so D. whereas16. A. identical B. analogical C. literal D. parallel17. A. ambiguity B. utility C. popularity D. proximity18. A. From B. Over C. Before D. Upon19. A. recurred B. renewed C. recalled D. recovered20. A. long B. soon C. far D. wellSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A B C or D. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1 (40 points)Text 1Within a large concrete room cut out of a mountain on a freezing-told island just 1000 kilometers from the North Pole could lie the future of humanity.The room is a vault (地下库) designed to hold around 2 million seeds representing all known varietie s of the world’s crops. It is being built to safeguard the world’s food supply against nuclear war climate change terrorism rising sea levels earthquakes and the collapse of electricity supplies. “If the worst came to the worst this would allow the world to reconstruct agriculture on this planet.” says Cary Fowler director of the Global Crop Diversity Trust an independent international organization promoting the project.The Norwegian (挪威的) government is planning to create the seed bank next year at the request of crop scientists. The $3 million vault will be built deep inside a sandstone mountain on the Norwegian Arctic island of Spitsbergen. The vault will have metre-thick walls of reinforced concrete and will be protected behind two airlocks and high-security doors.The vault’s seed collection will represent the products of some 10000 years of plant breeding by the world’s famers. Though most are no longer widely planted the varieties contain vital genetic properties still regularly used in plant breeding.To survive the seeds need freezing temperatures. Operators plan to replace the air inside thevault each winter when temperatures in Spitsbergen are around -18℃. But even if some disaster meant that the vault was abandoned the permanently frozen soil would keep the seeds alive. And even accelerated global warming would take many decades to penetrate the mountain vault.“This will be the world’s most secure gene bank” says Fowler. “But its seeds will only be used when all other samples have gone for some re ason.”The project comes at a time when there is growing concern about the safety of existing seed banks around the world. Many have been criticized for poor security ageing refrigeration (冷藏) systems and vulnerable electricity supplies.The scheme won UN approval at a meeting of the Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome in October 2005. A feasibility study said the facility “would essentially be built to last forever”.21. The Norwegian vault is important in that _________________.A. the seeds in it r epresent the rarest varieties of world’s crops.B. the seeds in it could revive agriculture if the worst thing should happenC. it is built deep in a mountain on a freezing-cold Arctic islandD. it is strong enough against all disasters caused by man and nature22. The seed bank project was proposed by __________.A. the Norwegian governmentB. Norwegian farmersC. Spitsbergen residentsD. agricultural scientists23. The seeds in the vault will be stored ____________________.A. as samples of world crop varietiesB. as products of world plant breedingC. for their valuable genetic propertiesD. for their resistance to plant diseases24. For the seed bank project to be successful the most important factor is probably________.A. constructing tight airlocksB. maintaining high securityC. keeping freezing temperaturesD. storing large quantities of seeds25. Which of the following statements is true?A. The Norwegian vault models after existing seed banksB. The Spitsbergen seed bank is expected to last 10000 yearsC. The existing seed banks have potential problemsD. The UN financed the Spitsbergen seed bankText 2Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the Civil War with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation manufacturing and trade and distribution. The development of the railroad and telegraph systems during the middle third of the nineteenth century led to significant improvements in the speed volume and regularity of shipments and communications making possible a fundamental transformation in the production and distribution of goods.In agriculture the transformation was marked by the emergence of the grain elevators the cotton presses the warehouses and the commodity exchanges that seemed to so many of the nation’s farmers the visible sign of a vast conspiracy against them. In manufacturing the transformation was marked by the emergence of a “new factory system” in which plants became larger more complex and more systematically organized and managed. And in distribution the transformation was marked by the emergence of the jobber the wholesaler and the mass retailer. These changes radically altered the nature of work during the half century between 1870 and 1920.To be sure there were still small workshops where skilled craftspeople manufactured products ranging from newspapers to cabinets to plumbing fixtures. There were the sweatshops in city tenements where groups of men and women in household settings manufactured clothing or cigars on a piecework basis. And there were factories in occupations such as metalwork where individual contractors presided over what were essentially handicraft proprietorships that coexisted within a single building. But as the number of wage earners in manufacturing rose from 2.7 million in 1880 to 4.5 million in 1900 to 8.4 million in 1920 the number of huge plants like the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia burgeoned as did the size of the average plant. (The Baldwin Works had 600 employees in 1855 3000 in 1875 and 8000 in 1900.) By 1920 at least in the northeastern United States where most of the nation’s manufacturing wage earners were concentrated three-quarters of those worked in factories with more than 100 employees and 30 percent worked in factories with more than 1000 employees.26. What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War?A. New technological developments had little effect on farmers.B. The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined.C. Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the war.D. Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation.27. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as part of the “new factory system?”A. A change in the organization of factories.B. A growth in the complexity of factories.C. An increase in the size of factories.D. An increase in the cost of manufacturing industrial products.28. Which of the following statements about manufacturing before 1870 can be inferred from the passage?A. Most manufacturing activity was highly organized.B. Most manufacturing occurred in relatively small plants.C. The most commonly manufactured goods were cotton presses.D. Manufacturing and agriculture each made up about half of the nation’s economy.29. The author mentions the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Paragraph 3 because it wasA. a well-known metal-worksB. the first plant of its kind in PhiladelphiaC. typical of the large factories that were becoming more commonD. typical of factories that consisted of a single building30. The word “presided over” in Paragraph 3 are closest in meaning toA. managedB. led toC. worked inD. producedText 3In 1985 when a Japan Air Lines (JAL) jet crashed its president Yasumoto Takagi called each victim’s family to apologize and then promptly resigned. And in 1987 when a subsidiary of Toshiba sold sensitive military technology to the former Soviet Union the chairman of Toshiba gave up his post.These executive actions which Toshiba calls “the highest form of apology” may seem bizarre to US managers. No one at Boeing resigned after the JAL crash which may have been caused by a faulty Boeing repair.The difference between the two business cultures centers around different definitions of delegation. While US executives give both responsibility and authority to their employees Japanese executives delegate only authority—the responsibility is still theirs. Although the subsidiary that sold the sensitive technology to the Soviets had its own management the Toshiba top executives said they “must take personal responsibility for not creating an atmosphere throughout the Toshiba group that would make suc h activity unthinkable even in an independently run subsidiary.”Such acceptance of community responsibility is not unique to businesses in Japan. School principals in Japan have resigned when their students committed major crimes after school hours. Even if they do not quit Japanese executives will often accept primary responsibility in other ways such as taking the first pay cut when a company gets into financial trouble. Such personal sacrifices even if they are largely symbolic help to create the sense of community and employee loyalty that is crucial to the Japanese way of doing business.Harvard Business School professor George Lodge calls the ritual acceptance of blame “almost a feudal (封建的) way of purging (清除) the community of dishonor” and to some i n the United States such resignations look cowardly. However in an era in which both business and governmental leaders seem particularly good at evading responsibility many US managers would probably welcome an infusion (灌输) of the Japanese sense of responsibility If for instance US automobile company executives offered to reduce their own salaries before they asked their workers to take pay cuts negotiations would probably take on a very different character.31. Why did the chairman of Toshiba resign his position in 1987?A. In Japan the leakage of a state secret to Russians is a grave crime.B. He had been under attack for shifting responsibility to his subordinates.C. In Japan the chief executive of a corporation is held responsible for the mistake made by its subsidiaries.D. He had been accused of being cowardly towards crises that were taking place in his corporation.32. According to the passage if you want to be a good manager in Japan you have to ________.A. apologize promptly for your subordinates' mistakesB. be skillful in accepting blames from customersC. make symbolic sacrifices whenever necessaryD. create a strong sense of company loyalty33. What’s Professor George Lodge’s attitude towards the resignations of Japanese corporate leaders?A. sympatheticB. biasedC. criticalD. approving.34. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Boeing had nothing to do with the JAL air crash in 1985.B. American executives consider authority and responsibility inseparable.C. School principals bear legal responsibility for students' crimes.D. Persuading employees to take pay cuts doesn’t help solve corporate crises.35. The passage is mainly about ______________.A. resignation as an effective way of dealing with business crisesB. the importance of delegating responsibility to employeesC. ways of evading responsibility in times of crisesD. the difference between two business culturesText 4The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century were marked by the development of an international Art Nouveau style characterized by sinuous lines floral and vegetable motifs and soft evanescent coloration. The Art Nouveau style was an eclectic one bringing together elements of Japanese art motifs of ancient cultures and natural forms. The glass obxxxxjects of this style were elegant in outline although often deliberately distorted with pale or iridescent surfaces. A favored device of the style was to imitate the iridescent surface seen on ancient glass that had been buried. Much of the Art Nouveau glass produced during the years of its greatest popularity had been generically termed “art glass.” Art glass was intended for decorative purposes and reliedfor its effect upon carefully chosen color combinations and innovative techniques.France produced a number of outstanding exponents of the Art Nouveau style; among the most celebrated was Emile Galle (1846-1904). In the United States Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today. Tiffany was a brilliant designer successfully combining ancient Egyptian Japanese and Persian motifs.The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915 although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920’s. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century. At first restricted to a small avant-garde group of architects and designers Functionalism emerged as the dominant influence upon designers after the First World War. The basic tenet of the movement—that function should determine form—was not a new concept. Soon a distinct aesthetic code evolved: form should be simple surfaces plain and any ornament should be baxxxxsed on geometric relationships. This new design concept coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions of the preceding decades created an entirely new public taste which caused Art Nouveau types of glass to fall out of favor. The new taste demanded dramatic effects of contrast stark outline and complex textural surfaces.36. What does paragraph 1 mainly discuss?A. Design elements in the Art Nouveau styleB. The popularity of the Art Nouveau styleC. Production techniques for art glassD. Color combinations typical of the Art Nouveau style37. What is the main purpose of paragraph 2?A. To compare different Art Nouveau stylesB. To give examples of famous Art Nouveau artistsC. To explain why Art Nouveau glass was so popular in the United StatesD. To show the impact Art Nouveau had on other cultures around the world38. What does the author mean by stating that “function should determine form” (para 3 line 6)?A. A useful obxxxxject should not be attractiveB. The purpose of an obxxxxject should influence its formC. The design of an obxxxxject is considered more significant than its functionD. The form of an obxxxxject should not include decorative elements39. It can be inferred from the passage that one reason Functionalism became popular was that itA. clearly distinguished between art and designB. appealed to people who liked complex painted designsC. reflected a common desire to break from the pastD. was easily interpreted by the general public40. Paragraph 3 supports which of the following statements about Functionalism?A. Its design concept avoided geometric shapes.B. It started on a small scale and then spread gradually.C. It was a major force in the decorative arts before the First World WarD. It was not attractive to architects and designersPart BDirections: Read the following text and then answer the questions by finding a subtitle for each of the marked parts or paragraphs. There are two extra items in the subtitle. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1 (10 points)Growth in the market for glass craftsHistorical development of glassArchitectural experiments with glassA former glass technologyComputers and their dependence on glassWhat makes glass so adaptableExciting innovations in fiber opticsGlass in one form or another has long been in noble service to humans. As one of the most widely used of manufactured materials and certainly the most versatile it can be as imposing as a telescope mirror the width of a tennis court or as small and simple as a marble rolling across dirt. The uses of this adaptable material have been broadened dramatically by new technologies: glass fiber optics—more than eight million miles—carrying telephone and television signals across nations; glass ceramics serving as the nose cones of missiles and as crowns for teeth; tiny glass beads taking radiation doses inside the body to specific organs; even a new type of glass fashioned of nuclear waste in order to dispose of that unwanted material.41. _____________________________________On the horizon are optical computers. These could store programs and process information by means of light—pulses from tiny lasers—rather than electrons. And the pulses would travel over glass fibers not copper wire. These machines could function hundreds of times faster than today’s electronic computers and hold vastly more information. Today fiber optics are used to obtain a cleaner image of smaller and smaller obxxxxjects than ever before—even bacterial viruses. A new generation of optical instruments is emerging that can provide detailed imaging of the inner workings of cells. It is the surge in fiber optic use and in liquid crystal displays that has set the U.S. glass industry (a 16 billion dollar business employing some 150000 workers) to building new plants to meet demand.42. ______________________________________But it is not only in technology and commerce that glass has widened its horizons. The use of glass as art a tradition going back at least to Roman times is also booming. Nearly everywhere it seems men and women are blowing glass and creating works of art. “I didn’t sell a piece of glass until 1975” Dale Chihuly said smiling for in the 18 years since the end of the dry spell he has become one of the20th century. He now has a new commission—a glass sculpture for the headquarters building of a pizza company—for which his fee is half a million dollars.43. ______________________________________But not all the glass technology that touches our lives is ultra-modern. Consider the simple light bulb; at the turn of the century most light bulbs were hand blown and the cost of one was equivalent to half a day’s pay for the average worker. In effect the invention of the ri bbon machine by Corning in the 1920s lighted a nation. The price of a bulb plunged. Small wonder that the machine has been called one of the great mechanical achievements of all time. Yet it is very simple: a narrow ribbon of molten glass travels over a moving belt of steel in which there are holes. The glass sags through the holes and into waiting moulds. Puffs of compressed air then shape the glass. In this way the envelope of a light bulb is made by a single machine at the rate of 66000 an hour as compared with 1200 a day produced by a team of four glassblowers.44. _______________________________________The secret of the versatility of glass lies in its interior structure. Although it is rigid and thus like a solid the atoms are arranged in a random disordered fashion characteristic of a liquid. In the melting process the atoms in the raw materials are distributed from their normal positioning the molecular structure; before they can find their way back to crystalline arrangements the glass cools. Thisl ooseness in molecular structure gives the material what engineers call tremendous “formability” which allows technicians to tailor glass to whatever they need.45. ______________________________________Today scientists continue to experiment with new glass mixture and building designers test their imaginations with applications of special types of glass. A London architect Mike Davies sees even more dramatic buildings using molecular chemistry. “Glass is the great building material of the future the ‘dynamic skin’ ” he said. “Think of glass that has been treated to react to electric currents going through it glass that will change from clear to opaque at the push of a button that gives you instant curtains. Think of how the tall buildings in New York could perform a symphony of colors as the glass in them is made to change colors instantly.” Glass as instant curtains is available now but the cost is exorbitant. As for the glass changing colors instantly that may come true. Mike Davies’s vision may indeed be on the way to fulfillment.Section III Translation46. Directions: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate it into Chinese and write your version on Answer Sheet 2 (15 points)The media can impact current events. As a graduate student at Berkeley in the 1960s I remember experiencing the events related to the People’s Park that were occurring on campus. Some of these events were given national media coverage in the press and on TV. I found it interesting to compare my impressions of what was going on with perceptions obtained from the news media. I could begin to see events of that time feed on news coverage. This also provided me with some healthy insights into the distinction between these realities.Electronic media are having a greater i mpact on the people’s lives every day. People gather more and more of their impressions from representations. Television and telephone communications are lixxxxnking people to a global village or what one writer calls the electronic city. Consider the information that television brings into your home every day. Consider also the contact you have with others simply by using telephone. These media extend your consciousness and your contact for example the video coverage of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake fo cused on “live action” such as the fires or the rescue efforts. This gave the viewer the impression of total disaster. Television coverage of the Iraqi War also developed an immediacy. CNN reported events as they happened. This coverage was distributed worldwide. Although most people were far away from these events they developed some perception of these realities.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: Read the following Chinese and write an abstract of 80-100 words. You should write your abstract on Answer Sheet 2. (10 points)高崚、杨威被华中科技大学“劝退”，暴露出这样一个问题，一些运动员上学，只是名义上的，他们并没有真正走进课堂，也没有读一些应该读的书。
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103f2011年高考全国2卷英语真题答案第一卷? 1?注意事项：1. 答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试卷上。
第一部分1英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分）? ? 第一节1语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）? ? 从A, B, C, D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
--杭州新东方英语--杭州新东方学校例：have? ? A. gave B. save C. hat D. made答案是C。
1 ．cushion? ? A. button B. butcher C. bury D. duty2. country? ? A.announce B. cough C. encourage D. shoulder3 ．pillow? ? A. flower B. allow C. knowledge D. follow4. reach? ? A. breathe B. really C. pleasure D. heaven5 ．Christmas? ? A. handkerchief B. teacher C. ache D. merchant第二节1语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）? ? 从A, B, C, D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child1he or she wants.? ? A. however? 1 1 1 1 1?B. whatever? ? C. whichever? 1 1 1 1 ?D. whenever答案是B。
6. ----Did you forget about my birthday?1----1I’ve booked a table at Michel’s restaurant for this evening.? ? A. What then1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ? B. I’m afraid so.? ? C. how could I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ?D. For sure.7. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, is a stupid thing to do in such weather.? ?A. this? 1 1 1?B. that? 1 1 1?C. what? 1 1 1 ?D. which8. If you1smoke, please go outside.? ?A. can? 1 1 1?B. should? 1 1 ?C. must? 1 1 1 ?D. may9. If you don't like the drink you______just leave it and try a different one. ? ?A. ordered? 1 1?B. are ordering? ? C. will order? 1 1?D. had ordered10. Mary, I_____John of his promise to help you.? ? A. told? 1 1 ? B. reminded? 1 ? C. warned? 1 1 ? D. advised11. I got this bicycle for;My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.? ? A. everything? 1?B. something? 1 ?C. anything? 1 1 ?D. nothing12. It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it isanother to play it well yourself.? ? A. quite? 1 1 ? B. very? 1 1 1?C. rather? 1 1 1?D. much13. Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and1.? ? A. neither won’t Tom? 1 1 1 1 ? B. Tom won’t either? ? C. Tom will too? 1 1 1 1 1 1 ?D. so will Tom14. This shop will be closed for repairs further notice.? 1?A. with? 1 1 1?B. until? 1 1 1?C. for? 1 1 1 ? D. at15. The island,? ?to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.? 1?A. joining? 1 1 ?B. to join? 1 1 ? C. joined? 1 1 ? D. having joined16. As he reached front door, Jack sawstrange sight.A. the;不填? 1 1?B. a; the? 1 1 1?C.不填a? 1 1 ?D. the; a17．Mr. Stevenson is great to work for -- I really couldn't ask for a＿boss.A. better? 1 1 1?B. good? 1 1 1 ?C. best? 1 1 1?D. still better18．Sarah pretended to be cheerful,______nothing about the argument.A. says? 1 1 1 ? B: said? 1 1 1 ? C. to say? 1 1 ?D. saying19. It was a nice meal,_______a little expensive.A. though? 1 1 1?B. whether? 1 1 ?C. as? 1 1 1 ?D. since20.-----So you gave her your phone?? ?-----______she said she'd return it to me when she could afford her own.A. My pleasureB. Not exactlyC. No doubtD. All right第三节1完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）? ? 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A, B, C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项飞并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
? ? There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train on the __21____home from work in the evenings. A man will be__22____the newspaper, and seconds later it __23___ as if he is trying to ___24__it. Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger___25__ next to him.___26___ place where unplanned short sleep __27__ is in the lecture hall where a student will start snoring（打鼾）so ___28____that the professor has to ask another student to___29___ the sleeper awake. A more embarrassing （尴尬）situation occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and the ___30___ of1the head pushes the arm off the___31___, and the103fmovement carries the__32___ of the body along. The student wakes up on the floor with no___33___ of getting there. The worst time to fall asleep is when __34___ . Police reports are full of ___35___ that occur when people fall into sleep and go__36_____ the road. If the drivers are ___37____ , they are not seriously hurt. One woman's car, ___38____ , went into the river. She woke up in four feet of __39____ and thought it was raining. When people are really ___40_____，nothing will stop themfrom falling asleep -- no matter where they are.21.A. way? 1 1 1 ?B. track? 1 1 1 1?C. path? 1 1 1 ?D. road22.A. buying? 1 1 ? B. folding? 1 1 1 ?C. delivering? 1 1?D. reading23.A. acts? 1 1 1 ? B. shows? 1 1 1 ? C. appears? 1 1 ?D. sounds24.A. open? 1 1 1 ?B. eat? 1 1 1 1 ? C. find? 1 1 1 ?D. finish25.A. lying? 1 1 1 ?B. waiting? 1 1 1 ?C. talking? 1 1 ? D. sitting26.A. Next? 1 1 1 ? B.Every? 1 1 1 ? C. Another? 1 1 ?D. One27.A. goes on? 1 1 1?B.ends up? 1 1 1?sts? 1 1 1 ? D. returns28.A. bravely? 1 1 1?B. happily? 1 1 1?C. loudly? 1 1 ? D. carelessly29.A. leave? 1 1 1 ? B. shake? 1 1 1 ? C. keep? 1 1 1?D. watch30.A. size? 1 1 1 1?B. shape? 1 1 1 1?C. weight? 1 1 ?D. strength31.A. cushion? 1 1 1?B.desk? 1 1 1 1 ?C. shoulder? 1 ? D. book32.A. action? 1 1 1 ?B. position? 1 1 1 ?C. rest? 1 1 1?D. side33.A. memory? 1 1 ? B. reason? 1 1 1 1?C. question? 1 ? D. purpos34.A. thinking? 1 1 ? B. working? 1 1 1 ? C. walking? 1 ? D. driving35.A. changes? 1 1 1?B. events? 1 1 1 1?C. ideas? 1 1 ? D. accidents36.A. up? 1 1 1 1 ?B. off? 1 1 1 1 1 ?C. along? 1 1 ?D. down37.A. lucky? 1 1 1 ? B. awake? 1 1 1 1?C. calm? 1 1 ? D. strong38.A. in time? 1 1 1 ?B. at first? 1 1 ? C. as usual? 1 ? D. for example39.A. dust? 1 1 1 1?B. water? 1 1 1 1 ?C. grass? 1 1 ?D. bush40.A. tired? 1 1 1 1?B. drunk? 1 1 1 1?C. lonely? 1 1 ?D. lazy第二部分? ?阅读理解（共25小题。