莲塘一中2018-2019学年下学期高二3月月考卷含答案
江西省南昌县莲塘第一中学2018-2019学年高二下学期期中4月考试语文试题
江西省南昌县莲塘第一中学2018-2019学年高二下学期期中4月考试语文试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________阅读下面的文字,完成各题信息时代为我们提供了获取信息的便利,世界变得既立体又平面。
所谓立体,是指信息的丰富性使我们很容易较为全面地了解事物,使我们处在一个与世界的立体联系之中;所谓平面,是指大家处于同一个平面上,凌驾于人们之上的权威似乎在逐渐消逝。
对于年轻人来讲,这似乎是一个无所不能的时代,也应该是一个幸福的时代。
然而,事实似乎并非如此,普遍的焦虑弥漫在年轻人中间:我想知道一切,我也似乎能够知道一切,但却不知道我应该知道什么。
这使年轻的朋友们感受到了前辈们从未有过的恐慌。
网络信息与传统出版业最大的不同,是前者较少受到社会理性的约束和过滤。
网络上,越具有个人色彩的东西就越具有吸引力,越容易受到追捧,这样的东西有很大几率是“脾气”,而不是具有深厚时代文化内容的个性。
阅读上的羊群效应使人产生从众心理,很多青年人在潜意识里以为通过这种“海量”阅读就可以产生知识和智慧,就可以建立“三观”,但最终,他们得到的却只有空虚和焦虑。
这时候,基础阅读或者叫经典阅读的重要性就显现出来了。
经典是什么,经典就是永不过时的东西,它是人类按照自己的根本利益共同选择下来的文明成果,是建立正确的价值观和人生观的文化基础。
经典阅读,会在潜移默化中让人习得珍贵的思维方式和价值观念,尤其是在童年、少年和青年时期。
比如读四大名著,孩子首先会为故事所吸引,而这些故事本身,都深深镌刻着中国人在漫长历史过程中总结出来的思维模式和价值观念。
故事的演进,会帮助孩子们辨别正邪、建立是非观念,也使他们从中感受到扶危济困、除暴安良的快乐和坚忍不拔的精神,燃起追求正义的热情等等,而这些,都是生活的精神原动力。
如果说小说主要作用于人的思维方式,诗词则直接作用于人的情感模式。
江西省莲塘一中高三上学期第三次月考(英语).doc
江西省莲塘一中--高三年级第三次月考英语试卷.11供题人:赖笑蕾第一部分:听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分)请听下面5段对话,选出最佳选项。
1. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. In a factory.B. In a hospital.C. In the man's home.2. When did the man visit the Yellow Stone Park?A. This year.B. Last year.C. The year before last.3. What can we learn from the conversation?A. The woman wants to clean the room.B. Linda comes to help the man every day.C. The room hasn't been cleaned since Linda came.4. What do you judge from what the man says?A. The man is anxious to begin his studies.B. The man regrets that he was not a good student.C. The man thinks study is not important.5. What does the man ask the woman?A. Why to visit New York.B. When to visit New York.C. What to visit in New York.第二节(共l5小题;每小题l.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
2019-2020学年江西省南昌县莲塘第一中学高三英语月考试题及参考答案
2019-2020学年江西省南昌县莲塘第一中学高三英语月考试题及参考答案第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AA Lifelong Devotion to Keeping People FedYuan Longping is a Chinese agricultural scientist and educator, known for developing the hybrid rice varieties.Yuan graduated from the Southwest Agriculture Institute in 1953 andbegan his teaching career at an agriculture school.In the 1960s, when a serious food shortage sweptChina, Yuan decided to devote himself to studying how to increase the yields of rice. He then began a lifelong connection with rice.Yuan succeeded in growing the world’s first high-yielding hybrid rice varieties in 1973, which could reach a yield of over 500 kg per mu (about 0.067 hectares), rising from the previous yield of only 300 kg per mu. For the next four decades, he continued to work on research and development of hybrid rice, achieving increasingly higher outputs. In 2020, hybrid rice developed by Yuan’s team achieved 1,500 kilograms per mu in two growing seasons, a new world record.InChina, where rice is the main food for the majority of the 1.4 billion people, the planting area of hybrid rice has reached 16 million hectares, or 57 % of the total planting area of rice, helping feed an extra 80 million people a year.Hybrid rice has also been grown in over 40 countries, including theU.S.,Brazil,India,Vietnam, thePhilippinesandMadagascar. The total planting area of the hybrid rice has reached 8 million hectares overseas.Even after a great success, Yuan never held himself back from making new breakthroughs. In 2017, his team started to grow seawater rice inQingdao. The rice was designed to grow in saline-alkaline land and survive even after being completely in seawater. His team planned to develop a type of seawater rice that could be planted in 6.67 million hectares of saline-alkaline land acrossChinato boost the country’s rice harvest by about 20 %. In 2018, Yuan’s team was invited to plant the saline-alkaline tolerant rice in experimental fields inDubai, which achieved huge success. In June 2020, his team started to grow seawater rice on a farm at an altitude of 2,800 meters in northwestChina’sQinghaiProvince. The experiment succeeded.Yuan had two dreams — to “enjoy the cool under the rice crops taller than men” and that hybrid rice couldbe grown all over the world to help solve the global food shortage.1. What made Yuan Longping decide to study rice?A. A serious food shortage.B. Agriculture development.C. His interest in the rice experiment.D. His wish to plant the tallest rice in the world.2. From the passage, we know that Yuan Longping ________.A. developed a variety of hybrid riceB. worked as a scientist after graduationC. started to grow seawater rice inDubaiin 2017D. grew the first high-yielding hybrid rice varieties in 19533. We can infer from the passage that Yuan Longping’s most outstanding qualities are________.A. modest and outgoingB. honest and creativeC. generous and optimisticD. responsible and devotedBImagine the feeling of swinging at a baseball going 100 miles per hour—without leaving your living room, or being in race car as it roars down the track, while you are sitting on the couch.These are just some of the ways that sports business leaders say virtual reality (VR) will revolutionize how people train for and experience sports. Virtual and augmented(增强的)realities are together known as mixed reality (MR). “American footballers are already using VR to better train their minds andread the field,” Ludden said. “This can allow players to perfect their skills without risking injury.”Canadian company D-BOX Technologies designs and produces moving seats found in cinema and theme parks. It is now moving into sports, and shows its Formula One (F1) racing simulator(模拟器). The seats stimulate the force of gravity, speed and every shaking as Fl champion Lewis Hamilton zips around city streets.A simulation seat uses pre-programed data now. Someday, though, it could use real-time information sent by the car. “They couldbroadcast live content through a network in pop-up theaters around the world,” Ludden said. Say you want to experience the true stress of a batter being up against major-league baseball pitcher. “You can have a heartbeat added to the sensation on the seat and then you can feel it, boom, boom,” Maheu explained. “When he swings and hits the ball, you can have an impact.”One day, fans around the world could physically experience every game from their favorite player in real time. Ludden said that current and near-future technology could create “augmented stadiums” for live audiences. Panasonic launched its “Smart Venue” plans which included the overlaying of graphics, advertisements, playerstatistics and replays on the field of play at a pro football game. “If you are seated in the cheap seats, you can see this really useful.” “Fans may someday join in stadium wide games, using the field as a virtual gaming platform,” Ludden added.4. What does the underlined phrase “read the field” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Get off the playing field.B. Build up a football court.C. Judge the situation on the field.D. Ask players to play on the spot.5. What does Maheu think audiences can do in the future baseball game?A. Enjoy live content in any theater.B. Program the simulation seats in advance.C. Control the force and speed of the baseball.D. Experience the real time game with the player.6. What does Ludden mainly describe in the last paragraph?A. The origin of VR.B. A future stadium.C. An advertisement platform.D. The expectations of audiences.7. What is the main idea of the text?A. VR can improve players' skills for sports.B. VR increases fans' joy in the baseball game.C. VR can improve sports experience for players and fans.D. VR promises a new future for football players and games.CTourism is often about seeking deeper emotional and personal connections with the world around us. Not all travel experiences, however, need to take place in the real world. With the evolution of virtual reality(VR) technology, tourism will increasingly become a combination of physical and virtual worlds. VR may even remove the need to travel entirely.But can a VR experience really equal a real world one? Many experts believe it can. Studies have shown that our brains have an inbuilt VR-like mechanism that enables us to live imagined experiences. Much of our waking life is spent thinking about either the past or the future. This is known as" mind wandering". During these events we' re not paying attention to the current world around us. Instead, we' re recalling memories, or creating and processing imagined futures.When engaged in mind wandering, our brains process these mental images using the same pathways used toreceive inputs from the real world. So, the imagined past or future can create emotions and feelings similar to how we react to everyday life. VR can create these same feelings.While critics might argue that a virtual experience will never match reality, there are several ways VR tourism could make a positive contribution. Firstly it could help protect sensitive locations from over-tourism. In recent years famous sites such as Maya Bay in Thailand, and Cambodia's Angkor Wat Temples have had to limit the number of visitors because of their negative impact. These places are now producing their own VR experiences that will allow tourists to pass through virtual models of the sites.Virtual reality may also allow people back in time, to experience historical events, visit ancient cities, and even to walk among dinosaurs.Finally, in a world where many people suffer from stress and depression due to overwork, virtual tourism may provide a cheap and convenient way for people to take brief holidays to otherwise unreachable destinations and recharge their batteries, without ever leaving their homes.It sounds like science fiction but it's already happening. As virtual technology improves and as people continue to demand new and interesting experiences, expect more virtual tourism, both in combination with the real world and instead of it.8. What is driving the development of virtual tourism?A. Companies seeking to make more money.B. Improvements in virtual reality technology.C. People's demand for more shared experiences.D. People's deeper understanding of the physical world.9. Which of the following best describes "mind wandering"?A. The brain processes which help people think VR is real.B. The way the brain processes inputs from the real world.C. Brain activities focusing on past or future events.D. Experiences coming from a person's imagination.10. What does the underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refer to?A. Science fiction.B. Virtual technology.C. Virtual tourism.D. The real world.11. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To describe the advantages of VR tourism.B. To give suggestions for reducing over-tourism.C. To encourage people to develop VR technology.D. To argue VR tourism will replace the real world travel.DAfter finishing his dinner, Lin Xu opened a WeChat mini-programcalled "Clear Plate" on his phone and took a picture of the empty plates. He was then awarded 157 credit points after the image was uploaded and recognized by artificial intelligence. The credit points can be used to buy gifts, such as books, cellphones and red wine, or to purchase charity meals donated to children in poor rural areas.The "Clear Plate" mini-program has become popular among young Chinese. Similar campaigns like an "empty plate challenge" are alsoon the horizonin many Chinese universities."Technological innovation is a good way to reduce food waste," said Liu Jichen. Founder of the start-up that developed the app. The idea popped up at a dinner in 2017, when Liu found that the restaurant owner would give diners who polished off their food a card and offer small gifts after a certain number of cards had been collected. "Everyone who values food is bound to enjoy a sense of gain at a lower cost," Liu mentioned this case, noting that such an idea could potentially be realized online.He formeda team to work on the project. Yet it was quite a challenge for the AI system to assess whether the uploaded photos showed empty plates. To make the AI system smarter,Liu and his team, assisted by more than 1, 000 others, spent half a year collecting over100,000 samples from canteens and restaurants across the country and analyzed the data. Dozens of enterprises, institutions and restaurants have contacted the start-up to cooperate on the project. Through the digitalized, visualized mini-program, people can clearly see the good results of saving food, which will effectively reduce food waste. "We hope our efforts can start a new trend among the younger generation, encouraging them to develop the habit of thrift(节约)," Liu said.12. What does the underlined phrase "on the horizon" in paragraph 2 mean?A. Likely to decrease.B. Likely to succeed.C. Likely to change.D. Likely to appear.13. What caused Liu Jichen to develop the "Clear Plate" app?A. Food waste afterdinner.B. The idea of the restaurant owner.C. Small gifts sent by his friends.D. Charity meals donated to children.14. What was difficult for the project Liu's team worked on?A. Making the AI system smarter.B. Assessing the uploaded photos.C. Collecting samples from canteens and restaurants.D. Encouraging people to develop the habit of thrift.15. What is the text mainly about?A. AI programs becoming popular.B. AI programs appearing in many Chinese universities.C. AI programs encouraging diners toclear their plates.D. AI programs collecting pictures of clearing diners' plates.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
南昌县莲塘二中2018-2019学年高三上学期第三次月考试卷数学含答案
南昌县莲塘二中2018-2019学年高三上学期第三次月考试卷数学含答案班级__________ 座号_____ 姓名__________ 分数__________一、选择题(本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分.每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.)1.已知函数f(x)是定义在R上的奇函数,当x≥0时,.若,f(x-1)≤f(x),则实数a的取值范围为A[]B[]C[]D[]2.底面为矩形的四棱锥P-ABCD的顶点都在球O的表面上,且O在底面ABCD内,PO⊥平面ABCD,当四棱锥P-ABCD的体积的最大值为18时,球O的表面积为()A.36πB.48πC.60πD.72π3.已知直线a平面α,直线b⊆平面α,则()A.a b B.与异面C.与相交D.与无公共点x=-,则输出的结果为()4.执行下面的程序框图,若输入2016A.2015 B.2016 C.2116 D.20485. 已知集合{2,1,0,1,2,3}A =--,{|||3,}B y y x x A ==-∈,则AB =( ) A .{2,1,0}-- B .{1,0,1,2}-C .{2,1,0}--D .{1,,0,1}-【命题意图】本题考查集合的交集运算,意在考查计算能力.6. 若某程序框图如图所示,则该程序运行后输出的值是( )A.7B.8C. 9D. 10【命题意图】本题考查阅读程序框图,理解程序框图的功能,本质是循环语句循环终止的条件.7.我国古代名著《九章算术》用“更相减损术”求两个正整数的最大公约数是一个伟大的创举,这个伟大创举与我国古老的算法——“辗转相除法”实质一样,如图的程序框图源于“辗转相除法”.当输入a=6 102,b=2 016时,输出的a为()A.6B .9C .12D .188. 执行如图所示的程序框图,则输出结果S=( )A .15B .25C .50D .1009. 已知某几何体的三视图的侧视图是一个正三角形,如图所示,则该几何体的体积等于( )A .123B .163C .203D .32310.下列命题正确的是( )A .很小的实数可以构成集合.B .集合{}2|1y y x =-与集合(){}2,|1x y y x =-是同一个集合.C .自然数集 N 中最小的数是.D .空集是任何集合的子集.11.圆心在直线2x +y =0上,且经过点(-1,-1)与(2,2)的圆,与x 轴交于M ,N 两点,则|MN |=( )A .4 2B .4 5C .2 2D .2 512.设函数的集合,平面上点的集合,则在同一直角坐标系中,P 中函数的图象恰好经过Q 中两个点的函数的个数是A4B6C8D10二、填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.把答案填写在横线上)13.已知M N 、为抛物线24y x =上两个不同的点,F 为抛物线的焦点.若线段MN 的中点的纵坐标为2,||||10MF NF +=,则直线MN 的方程为_________.14.(﹣2)7的展开式中,x 2的系数是 .15.设,x y 满足条件,1,x y a x y +≥⎧⎨-≤-⎩,若z ax y =-有最小值,则a 的取值范围为 . 16.执行如图所示的程序框图,输出的所有值之和是 .【命题意图】本题考查程序框图的功能识别,突出对逻辑推理能力的考查,难度中等.三、解答题(本大共6小题,共70分。
2018-2019学年江西省南昌市南昌县莲塘第一中学高二上学期期中考试模拟物理试题(答案+解析)
2018-2019学年江西省南昌市南昌县莲塘一中高二(上)期中物理模拟试卷一.选择题1.如图所示的磁场中,有P、Q两点.下列说法正确的是()A. P点的磁感应强度小于Q点的磁感应强度B. P、Q两点的磁感应强度大小与该点是否有通电导线无关C. 同一小段通电直导线在P、Q两点受到的安培力方向相同,都是P→QD. 同一小段通电直导线在P点受到的安培力一定大于在Q点受到的安培力【答案】B【解析】A、磁感线的疏密表示磁场的强弱,由图象知P点的磁场比Q点的磁场强,A错误;B、磁感应强度是由磁场本身决定的,与该点是否有通电导线无关.故B正确;C、根据左手定则,通电直导线受到的安培力的方向与磁场的方向垂直,所以它们受到的安培力的方向不能是P→Q,故C错误;D、同一小段通电直导线在在都与磁场的方向垂直的条件下,在P点受到的安培力才能大于在Q点受到的安培力,故D错误;故选B.【点睛】解决本题的关键掌握磁感线的特点,磁感线上某点的切线方向表示磁场的方向,磁感线的疏密表示磁场的强弱.2.有一个电流表G,内阻Rg=10Ω满偏电流Ig=3mA.要把它改装成量程0~3V的电压表,则()A. 要串联一个阻值为990Ω的电阻B. 要并联一个阻值为990Ω的电阻C. 要串联一个阻值为0.10Ω的电阻D. 要并联一个阻值为0.10Ω的电阻【答案】A【解析】把电流表改装成3V A.点睛:把电流表改装成电压表需要串联分压电阻,应用串联电路特点与欧姆定律可以求出定值阻值.3.如图所示,在绝缘的光滑水平面上,相隔一定距离有两个带同种电荷的小球,从静止同时释放,则两个小球的加速度和速度大小随时间变化的情况是()A. 速度变大,加速度变大B. 速度变小,加速度变小C. 速度变大,加速度变小D. 速度变小,加速度变大【答案】C【解析】试题分析:因电荷间的静电力与电荷的运动方向相同,故电荷将一直做加速运动,又由于两电荷间距离增大,它们之间的静电力越来越小,故加速度越来越小.故选C。
江西省莲塘一中高三年级第三次月考(物理).doc
t F江西省莲塘一中2009—2010学年上学期高三年级第三次月考物理试卷一、选择题(每小题4分,共48分)1.一质量为m 的物体放在光滑水平面上.今以恒力F 沿水平方向推该物体,在相同的时间间隔内,下列说法正确的是A.物体的位移相等B.物体动能的变化量相等C.F对物体做的功相等D.物体动量的变化量相等2.如图甲所示,一弹簧振子在A、B间做简谐运动,O为平衡位置.如图乙所示是振子做简谐运动的位移——时间图象.下面四个图象中,能正确反映振子加速度变化情况的是3.图中a、b是两个位于固定斜面上的正方形物块,它们的质量相等,F是沿水平方向作用于a上的外力.已知a、b的接触面,a、b与斜面的接触面都是光滑的.正确的说法是A.a、b一定沿斜面向上运动B.a对b的作用力沿水平方向C.a、b对斜面的正压力相等D.a受到的合力沿水平方向的分力等于b受到的合力沿水平方向的分力4.光滑水平面上静止的物体,受到一个水平拉力F 作用开始运动,拉力随时间变化如右图所示,用E K、v、Δx、P分别表示物体的动能、速度、位移和水平拉力的功率,下列四个图象中分别定性描述了这些物理量随时间变化的情况,正确的是5.如图所示小球沿水平面通过O点进入半径为R的竖直半圆弧轨道后恰能通过最高点P,然后落回水平面.不计一切阻力.下列说法正确的是A.小球落地点离O点的水平距离为2R.B.小球落地点时的动能为5mgR/2.C.小球运动到半圆弧最高点P时向心力恰好为零.D.若将半圆弧轨道上部的1/4圆弧截去,其他条件不变,则小球能达到的最大高度比P点高6.如图所示,在同一竖直面内,小球a、b 从高度不同的两点,分别以初速度v a 和v b 沿水平方向抛出,0tEK0tvtP0tΔxA B C DpOR经过时间 t a 和 t b 后落到与两抛出点水平距离相等的截了当 P 点.若不计空气阻力,下列关系式正确的是A .t a > t b ,v a < v bB .t a > t b ,v a > v bC .t a < t b ,v a < v bD .t a < t b ,v a > v b7.一列沿 x 轴正方向传播的简谐横波,周期为 0.50 s .某一时刻,离开平衡位置位移都相等的各质元依次为 P 1,P 2,P 3,….已知 P 1 和 P 2 之间的距离为 20 cm ,P 2 和 P 3 之间的距离为 80 cm ,则 P 1 的振动传到 P 2 所需的时间为A .0.50 sB .0.13 sC .0.10 sD .0.20 s8.根据热力学定律和分子动理论,可知下列说法中正确的是A .可将流散到周围环境中的内能重新全部收集起来加以利用而不引起其他变化B .当分子力表现为斥力时,分子间距离减小分子势能将变大C .布朗运动是液体分子的运动,它说明分子永不停息地做无规则运动D .要使一定质量气体的分子平均动能增大,外界一定向气体传热 9.如图所示为一列沿 x 正方向传播的简谐横波在 t = 0 时的波形.当 R 点在 t = 0 时的振动状态传 S 点时,PR 范围内(含P 、R )有一些质点正在向 y 轴负方向运动,这些质点的 x 坐标取值范围是 A .2cm ≤x ≤ 4cm B .2cm< x < 4cm C .2cm ≤x < 3cm D .2cm< x ≤3cm10.如图所示,斜面上除了AB 段粗糙外,其余部分均是光滑的,小物体(可视为质点)与AB 段的动摩擦因数处处相等,今使该物体从斜面的顶端由静止开始下滑,经过A 点时的速度与经过C 点时的速度相等,已知AB =BC ,则下列说法正确的是A .物体在AB 段与BC 段 的加速度大小相等 B .物体在AB 段与BC 段的运动时间相等 C .重力在这两段中所做的功相等D .物体在AB 段与BC 段的动量变化相等11.如图所示,质量均为m 的物体A 、B 通过一劲度系数为k 的轻弹簧相连,开始时B 放在地面上,A 、B 都处于静止状态.现用手通过细绳缓慢地将A 向上提升距离L 1时,B 刚要离开地面,此过程手做功W 1、手做功的平均功率为P 1;若将A 加速向上拉起,A 上升的距离为L 2时,B 刚要离开地面,此过程手做功W 2、手做功的平均功率为P 1.假设弹簧一直在弹性限度范围内,则A .L 1 = L 2 =kmgB .L 2 >k mg L 21C .W 2 > W 1D .P 2< P 112.如图质量M =3.0kg 的长方形木板B 放在光滑水平面上,在其右端放一个质量m =1.0kg 的小木块A 。
南昌县莲塘第一中学2020-2021学年高二3月质量检测英语试卷
莲塘一中2020-2021下学期高二3月质量检测英语试卷第一部分听力(共两节)(30分每题1.5分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where does the conversation take place?A. In a supermarket.B. In a bookstore.C. In a library.2. What’s the man’s attitude to the ban?A. Disapproving.B. Supportive.C. Unconcerned.3. Why did the woman refuse the job offer?A. Because she disliked the position.B. Because she was hired by a better company.C. Because she was dissatisfied with the salary.4. How much should the man pay?A. 60 dollars.B. 75 dollars.C. 100 dollars.5. What does the man really mean?A. There is nothing wrong with the watch.B. The woman took the wrong receipt.C. The watch wasn’t bought here.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A, B, C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
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莲塘一中2018-2019学年下学期高二3月质量检测生物试题供题人:卢徐斌审题人:熊文珍一、单选题(本大题共30小题,共60分)1.下列关于孟德尔杂交实验的相关叙述正确的是()A. 孟德尔通过豌豆杂交实验发现了前人未知的现象,即“杂种后代会出现性状分离”B. 豌豆、玉米、山柳菊等因具有易于区分的性状,都是用于遗传研究的好材料C. 孟德尔研究的豌豆7对相对性状中,任何一对性状都遵循自由组合定律D. 孟德尔在观察和统计分析豌豆杂交实验现象后,提出遗传因子像独立的颗粒2.下列关于受精作用的叙述错误的是()A. 受精作用进行时,通常是精子的头部进入卵细胞,尾部留在外面B. 一旦卵细胞与一个精子结合后,卵细胞膜会发生变化,以阻止其他精子再进入C. 受精卵中的遗传物质一半来自父方,一半来自母方D. 受精前的卵细胞代谢较慢,卵细胞受精后十分活跃3.据报道,美国某海湾的温暖海水中生活着一种致命的单细胞生物,名为创伤弧菌,可通过人体表面的伤口或者游泳者吞咽海水进入人体内繁殖作乱。
其感染后会出现呕吐、发烧、腹泻、低血压、肿胀和疼痛等症状,需要尽快使用抗生素治疗。
下列关于创伤弧菌的相关描述,正确的是()A. 与酵母菌细胞相比,创伤弧菌具有更小的相对表面积B. 创伤弧菌的基因位于染色体上C. 创伤弧菌遗传物质的传递不符合孟德尔的遗传规律D. 创伤弧菌的遗传物质主要是DNA4.在探究生物的遗传物质和遗传规律的漫长岁月中,众多学者作出了卓越贡献,下列叙述正确的是()A. 摩尔根运用类比推理的方法提出基因在染色体上B. 格里菲思的肺炎双球菌转化实验最早证实了DNA是遗传物质C. 赫尔希等人用噬菌体侵染大肠杆菌的实验,使人们确信DNA是主要的遗传物质D. 克里克最先预见了遗传信息传递的一般规律,并将其命名为中心法则5.下列有关有丝分裂、减数分裂和受精作用的说法,正确的是()A. 联会不发生在有丝分裂过程中,着丝点分裂只发生在减数第二次分裂的后期B. 初级卵母细胞能进行有丝分裂以增加自身数量,又可进行减数分裂形成卵细胞C. 有丝分裂中期和减数第一次分裂中期,染色体数目、核DNA数目都相同D. 减数分裂和受精作用过程中均有自由组合,有利于保持亲子代遗传信息的稳定性6.下列关于生物科学研究方法和相关实验,不正确的是()A. 假说-演绎法:分离定律发现和基因位于染色体上的实验B. 对比实验法:探究酵母菌呼吸方式和鲁宾卡门探究光合作用产生O2的来源C. 模型构建法:DNA双螺旋结构的发现和研究生物膜的结构D. 同位素标记法:T2噬菌体侵染大肠杆菌实验和人鼠细胞融合实验7.双链DNA分子中,一条链上的A占20%,C占32%,G占16%,则DNA分子中C+T占()A. 30%B. 20%C. 50%D. 15%8.将紫花、长花粉粒(PPLL)与红花、圆花粉粒(ppll)的香豌豆杂交得到F1。
F1自交所得F2的表现型及比例为:紫长(4831)、紫圆(390)、红长(393)、红圆(4783)。
下列对F1产生配子过程的分析,不正确...的是()A. P与p、L与l可以随同源染色体的分开而分离B. P与L、p与l可随同一条染色体传递到配子中C. P与l、p与L因非同源染色体自由组合而重组D. P与l、p与L因同源染色体间交叉互换而重组9.在适宜时期取材,能观察到同源染色体联会现象的实验材料()A. 水稻根尖B. 小麦花药C. 马蛔虫受精卵D. 人口腔上皮10.下列有关生物体内基因重组和基因突变的叙述,正确的是()A. 由碱基对改变引起的DNA分子结构的改变即基因突变B. 减数分裂过程中,控制一对相对性状的基因一定不能发生基因重组C. 自然条件下淀粉分支酶基因中插入了一段外来DNA序列属于基因重组D. 小麦植株在有性生殖时,一对等位基因Aa不会发生基因重组11.鸡羽毛的颜色受两对等位基因控制,芦花羽基因B对全色羽基因b为显性,位于Z染色体上,且W染色体上无相应的等位基因;常染色体上基因T的存在是B或b 表现的前提,tt为白色羽。
一只芦花羽雄鸡与一只全色羽雌鸡交配,子代中出现了芦花羽、全色羽和白色羽鸡,则两个亲本的基因型为()A. TtZ B Z b×TtZ b WB. TTZ B Z b×TtZ b WC. TtZ B Z B×TtZ b WD. TtZ B Z b×TTZ b W12.编码豌豆淀粉分支酶的基因R被插入外来DNA序列后,突变为r基因。
豌豆淀粉分支酶的缺失导致豌豆种子的淀粉含量降低、蔗糖含量升高,以及种子粒型和甜度改变。
下列相关说法正确的是()A. 上述事实表明基因具有多效性B. 上述事实表明多个基因控制和表达同一性状C. 淀粉分支酶的缺失是转录受阻的结果D. 含r基因的种子缺少淀粉分支酶,蔗糖含量高,渗透压大,吸水多13.图①表示某生物b基因正常转录..过程中的b1和b2两条链局部图解;图②表示该生物正常个体的体细胞基因型Aabb和染色体的关系;该生物的黑色素产生需要的三种酶由如图③所示的A、b、C基因参与控制,三类基因的控制均表现为完全显性。
下列说法正确的是()A. 图①中若b1为RNA链,则b1链的(A+T+C)/ b2链的(A+U+G)=1B. 由图②所示的基因型可以推知:该生物体肯定不能合成黑色素C. 若图③中的1个b基因突变为B,则该生物体仍然可以合成出物质乙D. 图②所示的生物体中肯定存在含有4个b基因的某细胞14.基因型为 AaX B Y 的小鼠仅因为减数分裂过程中染色体未正常分离,而产生一个不含 A 或 a 的 X B X B型配子。
等位基因 A,a 位于 2 号染色体。
下列关于染色体未分离时期的分析,正确的是()①2 号染色体一定在减数第二次分裂时未分离②2 号染色体可能在减数第一次分裂时未分离③性染色体可能在减数第二次分裂时未分离④性染色体一定在减数第二次分裂时未分离A. ①④B. ①③C. ②③D. ②④15.用15N标记玉米体细胞(含20条染色体)的每个DNA分子中的两条链,再将这些细胞转入不含15N的培养液中培养,让其分裂n次,若一个细胞中的染色体总条数和被15N标记的染色体条数分别是40条和4条,则该细胞至少是处于第几次分裂的分裂期()A. 第一次B. 第二次C. 第三次D. 第四次16.某二倍体植物有高茎与矮茎、红花与白花两对相对性状,且均各只受一对等位基因控制。
现有一高茎红花亲本,其自交后代表现型及比例为高茎红花:高茎白花:矮茎红花:矮茎白花=5:3:3:1,下列分析错误的是()A. 控制上述两对相对性状的基因遗传时遵循自由组合定律B. 出现5:3:3:1的原因是可能存在某种基因型植株(合子)致死现象C. 出现5:3:3:1的原因是可能存在某种基因型配子致死现象D. 自交后代中高茎红花均为杂合子17.以下关于最多或最少的计算正确的是()A. n个碱基对组成的DNA分子片段中,其种类最多可达4nB. 控制合成一个由60个氨基酸组成的蛋白质的基因中,嘌呤总数最少应是180个C. 显微镜下观察同等直径的细胞,如果放大50倍时最多可看到视野中的20个完整的细胞,放大100倍时,最多可看到10个完整细胞D. 单链情况下,分子式C63H103O45N17S2的多肽化合物中最多含有17个肽键18.如图是一个涉及甲、乙两种单基因遗传病的家系图,其中Ⅱ-3不携带乙病基因.不考虑染色体畸变和基因突变.下列叙述正确的是()A. 乙病是常染色体隐性遗传病B. Ⅱ-2为杂合子的概率为2/3C. Ⅲ-3的X染色体可能来自于Ⅰ-2D. Ⅲ-1携带致病基因的概率是4/519.研究人员将抗虫基因(SCK基因)导入水稻,挑选出SCK基因成功整合到染色体上的抗虫植株(假定SCK基因都能正常表达)。
某些抗虫植株体细胞含两个SCK基因,假设这两个基因在染色体上随机整合,出现如图所示三种情况(黑点代表SCK基因位点)。
下列相关说法正确的是()A. 图甲个体自交,F1中抗虫植株和非抗虫植株的比例为3∶1B. 图乙个体与图丙水稻进行杂交,子代中抗虫植株和非抗虫植株的比例为7∶1C. 图丙个体减数分裂产生的配子有1/2含SCK基因D. 图丙个体自交,F1中抗虫植株和非抗虫植株的比例为9∶720.图中甲、乙、丙分别表示真核细胞中遗传信息的传递和表达过程.有关叙述错误的是()A. 甲、乙、丙三个过程中只有一个过程能在洋葱鳞片叶表皮细胞核内进行B. 甲、乙、丙三过程所用原料都有ATP,参与甲过程的RNA有三类C. 甲、丙过程中对模板信息的读写都从右向左D. 甲、乙、丙三过程均有氢键的破坏和形成21.科学研究发现突变型棒眼果蝇的出现与常染色体上的两个基因(A,B)发生突变有关,突变情况如表所示。
将突变型棒眼果蝇与野生型圆眼果蝇杂交,F1均为圆眼果蝇;F1雌雄交配,所得F2中圆眼果蝇有450只、棒眼果蝇有30只。
下列说法正确B. 野生型果蝇控制眼形的基因中只有一个发生突变对性状无影响C. 棒眼果蝇的出现说明基因通过控制蛋白质的结构直接控制生物的性状D. F2圆眼果蝇中纯合子所占的比例为3/1622.甲、乙两位同学分别用小球做遗传定律模拟实验。
甲同学每次分别从Ⅰ、Ⅱ小桶中随机抓取一个小球并记录字母组合;乙同学每次分别从Ⅲ、Ⅳ小桶中随机抓取一个小球并记录字母组合。
将抓取的小球分别放回原来小桶后,再多次重复。
分析下列叙述,错误的是()A. 甲、乙重复100次实验后,Dd和AB 组合的概率依次约为1/2和1/4B. 实验中每只小桶内两种小球必须相等,但Ⅰ、Ⅱ桶小球总数可不等C. 乙同学的实验可模拟同源染色体上非等位基因的基因重组过程D. 甲同学的实验模拟了遗传因子的分离和配子随机结合的过程23.下列有关染色体、DNA、基因、脱氧核苷酸的说法,不正确的是()A. 在DNA分子结构中,与脱氧核糖直接相连的一般是一个磷酸基和一个碱基B. 基因一般是具有遗传效应的DNA片段,一个DNA分子上可含有成许多基因C. 一个基因含有许多个脱氧核苷酸,基因特异性是由脱氧核苷酸的数目和排列顺序决定的D. 染色体是DNA的主要载体,一条染色体上含有1个或2个DNA分子24.长翅(A)红眼(B)雄蝇与长翅(A)白眼(b)雌蝇交配,产下一只染色体组成为XXY的残翅白眼雌蝇。
已知翅长、眼色基因分别位于常染色体和X染色体上,在没有基因突变的情况下,下列细胞中,不可能是与该受精的卵细胞一同产生的极体的是()A. B. C. D.25.豌豆的高茎和矮茎受一对等位基因控制,某豌豆种群全为高茎,让该豌豆种群自然繁殖一代,F1的高茎:矮茎=5:1,则F1继续自然繁殖产生的F2代中高茎:矮茎为()A. 3:1B. 4:1C. 5:1D. 8:126.下列关于细胞结构和功能的叙述中,正确的是()A. 线粒体是肝细胞中唯一产生二氧化碳的场所B. 蓝藻和绿藻核糖体的形成都与核仁有关C. 只有原核细胞才有多个核糖体相继翻译同一信使RNA的现象D. 真核细胞的基因都在染色体上且呈线性排列27.研究表明,反密码子是从携带氨基酸的一端开始读码,已知DNA分子模板链上的碱基序列携带的遗传信息与最终翻译成的氨基酸有如表中对应关系。