implications of the obesity epidemic february 4
关于拒绝肥胖为题的英语大作文题目
关于拒绝肥胖为题的英语大作文题目全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Rejecting Obesity: A Fight for Health and HappinessObesity has become a major public health crisis, not just in my country, but globally. As a student, I can't help but be deeply concerned about this issue that affects so many of my peers and threatens the well-being of future generations. It's time for us to take a stand, reject the normalization of obesity, and embrace a healthier lifestyle.The statistics are alarming. According to the World Health Organization, worldwide obesity has nearly tripled since 1975. In 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight, with 650 million classified as obese. These figures are staggering, and the consequences are far-reaching.Obesity is a significant risk factor for numerous chronic diseases, including heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer. It puts immense strain on our healthcare systems and leads to decreased quality of life, physical limitations, and mental health issues such as depression and lowself-esteem. As students, we should be deeply troubled by the potential impact of obesity on our future prospects and overall well-being.But why has obesity become so prevalent? The root causes are complex and multifaceted, involving a combination of factors such as unhealthy dietary habits, sedentary lifestyles, genetic predispositions, and even societal and cultural influences.In our fast-paced, convenience-driven world, we've become accustomed to consuming an abundance of processed,high-calorie foods loaded with sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats. The rise of fast-food chains and the ubiquity of vending machines on school campuses have made it all too easy to indulge in unhealthy eating habits. Additionally, technological advancements have led to a more sedentary lifestyle, with many of us spending countless hours glued to screens instead of engaging in physical activity.However, it's not just about personal choices; there are also societal and cultural factors at play. The normalization of larger body sizes, coupled with the widespread promotion of unhealthy food products, has created an environment where obesity is becoming increasingly accepted and even celebrated in some circles.But we cannot afford to be complacent. Obesity is not just a cosmetic issue; it's a severe health problem that demands our immediate attention and action. As students, we have a unique opportunity to reject the normalization of obesity and pave the way for a healthier future.It starts with education. We need to be proactive in learning about proper nutrition, portion control, and the importance of regular physical activity. Schools should prioritize comprehensive health education programs that empower students with the knowledge and skills to make informed decisions about their dietary and lifestyle choices.Moreover, we must advocate for policy changes that promote healthier environments. This includes pushing for stricter regulations on the marketing of unhealthy foods, particularly to children and adolescents. It also means lobbying for better access to affordable, nutritious foods in our communities and demanding that our school cafeterias provide a wider range of healthy options.But beyond policy changes, we need a cultural shift. We must challenge the societal norms that have contributed to the acceptance of obesity. We should celebrate body diversity while simultaneously promoting healthy lifestyle choices. This meansrejecting the notion that being overweight is "normal" or "acceptable" and instead embracing the pursuit of physical and mental well-being.As students, we have a powerful voice and the ability to influence change. We can start by leading by example, adopting healthier habits ourselves, and encouraging our peers to do the same. We can organize campus initiatives, such as fitness challenges, healthy cooking classes, or community gardens, to promote physical activity and nutritious eating.Furthermore, we should leverage the power of social media and online platforms to spread awareness and inspire others to join the fight against obesity. By sharing our journeys, successes, and struggles, we can create a supportive community that encourages and motivates one another towards a healthier lifestyle.Rejecting obesity is not about body shaming or promoting unrealistic beauty standards; it's about taking a stand for our health, our happiness, and our future. It's about breaking free from the shackles of unhealthy habits and embracing a lifestyle that allows us to thrive physically, mentally, and emotionally.As students, we are the future leaders and change-makers. It is our responsibility to reject the normalization of obesity andcultivate a culture of health and well-being. By making conscious choices, advocating for positive change, and inspiring those around us, we can create a ripple effect that will transform not only our own lives but also the lives of generations to come.Obesity is a complex issue, but it is not insurmountable. With determination, education, and a collective effort, we can overcome this challenge and pave the way for a healthier, happier society. Let's embrace this opportunity to reject obesity and reclaim our right to a life filled with vitality, energy, and unlimited potential.篇2Rejecting Obesity: A Weighty Issue for Today's YouthObesity has become a growing epidemic, not just in my country, but around the world. As a student, I can't help but be concerned about this alarming health crisis that is impacting so many of my peers. Obesity rates among children and adolescents have skyrocketed in recent decades, putting an entire generation at risk for a host of chronic and life-threatening conditions. It's time we reject the unhealthy habits and societal norms that have enabled this obesity crisis to spin out of control.To understand the gravity of the situation, one need only look at the numbers. According to the World Health Organization, worldwide obesity has nearly tripled since 1975. In 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight, with over 650 million classified as obese. But perhaps more disturbing are the childhood obesity statistics - in 2016 over 340 million children and adolescents aged 5-19 were overweight or obese. That's the weight of the issue we're dealing with.The implications of this obesity epidemic are far-reaching and potentially devastating. Obesity significantly increases the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer - some of the leading causes of preventable death. It creates immense psychological stress from stigmatization, poor self-esteem, and bullying. It places a major financial burden on individuals and healthcare systems. And perhaps most tragically, it robs young people of their health during what should be the most vibrant years of their lives.So how did we get here? How did obesity go from a relatively uncommon issue to a crisis of epic proportions in just a few decades? The culprits are many, but most can be traced back to the changing environmental factors and societal pressures that have accompanied trends of globalization and urbanization.First, let's look at diet. The last few decades have seen a seismic shift in our nutritional intake as populations moved away from traditional diets rich in fruits and vegetables to diets dominated by highly processed foods laden with saturated fats, sugar, and salt. Snacking became the norm rather than the exception. Supersized portions at fast food restaurants conditioned us to expect and consume meal portions that far exceeded actual caloric needs. Simply put, we're eating more calories and unhealthier calories than ever before.Of course, diet alone doesn't tell the whole story. Our increasingly sedentary lifestyles have compounded the caloric imbalance. Labor-saving technologies, reliance on driving rather than walking, and a general lack of recreational physical activity have contributed to an epidemic of inertia. A perfect storm of unhealthy dietary patterns and inadequate physical activity has created an environment primed for weight gain and obesity.But understanding the causes, while important, does little to solve the problem in the here and now. We need amulti-pronged approach targeting the environmental and societal forces that have made obesity so pervasive. Here are some key areas I believe need to be addressed:Education - It starts with awareness and knowledge. We need comprehensive nutrition education starting at an early age to teach the importance of a balanced diet and the dangers of overeating nutrient-poor foods. Kids should understand calorie counts, portion sizes, and how to interpret nutritional labels. Only then can we expect them to make informed choices about what they eat.Access - For many families, the biggest barrier to healthy eating is simply access. So-called "food deserts" with no access to fresh, affordable produce exist in many low-income urban and rural areas. We should incentivize grocery stores to operate in these underserved areas and support initiatives like farmer's markets to improve healthy food access.Marketing - Young, impressionable minds are constantly bombarded with marketing for calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods. It's time we cr篇3Rejecting Obesity: A Personal Fight Against an Unhealthy LifestyleObesity has become a major health crisis in our modern society, affecting people of all ages, races, and socioeconomicbackgrounds. As a student, I have witnessed firsthand the detrimental effects of obesity on my peers, from decreasedself-confidence to increased health risks. It is a problem that cannot be ignored, and it is time for us, the youth, to take a stand against this epidemic.Growing up in a fast-paced world, where convenience foods and sedentary lifestyles have become the norm, it is easy to fall into unhealthy habits. From a young age, we are bombarded with advertisements for sugary drinks, fast food, and other processed foods that are high in calories and low in nutrients. These unhealthy choices are often cheaper and more accessible than healthier options, making it challenging for families on a budget to maintain a balanced diet.Furthermore, the rise of technology has contributed to a more sedentary lifestyle, with many of us spending countless hours glued to our screens, whether it's for school, work, or entertainment. Physical activity, once an integral part of our daily routines, has taken a backseat, leaving us vulnerable to weight gain and its associated health risks.The consequences of obesity are severe and far-reaching. Obesity is a major risk factor for numerous chronic diseases, including heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and certain typesof cancer. It can also lead to mental health issues, such as depression and low self-esteem, as well as social discrimination and stigma.As a student, I have witnessed the impact of obesity on my peers firsthand. I have seen classmates struggle with lowself-confidence, bullying, and social isolation due to their weight.I have also seen the physical toll it can take, with some students having difficulty keeping up with physical activities or even walking long distances.However, it is not too late to turn the tide against this epidemic. By making conscious choices and adopting a healthier lifestyle, we can reject obesity and reclaim our health andwell-being.One of the most effective ways to combat obesity is through a balanced and nutritious diet. This means reducing our intake of processed and sugary foods, and instead focusing on whole, nutrient-dense foods such as fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. It is also important to pay attention to portion sizes and practice mindful eating, which involves being present and aware of our hunger and satiety cues.In addition to a healthy diet, regular physical activity is crucial for maintaining a healthy weight and overall well-being.Exercise not only burns calories but also strengthens our muscles, improves cardiovascular health, and boosts our mood and energy levels. Even small changes, such as taking the stairs instead of the elevator or going for a brisk walk during lunch, can make a significant difference in our daily activity levels.However, rejecting obesity is not just about making individual lifestyle changes; it also requires a collective effort from our communities, schools, and governments. Schools can play a pivotal role by promoting healthy eating habits and increasing opportunities for physical activity during the school day. This can include offering nutritious lunch options, incorporating physical education classes, and encouraging active transportation methods like walking or biking to school.Additionally, governments and policy makers can implement measures to make healthy choices more accessible and affordable, such as subsidizing fresh produce or imposing taxes on unhealthy foods and beverages. They can also invest in public awareness campaigns and education programs to promote healthy lifestyles and combat the stigma surrounding obesity.Ultimately, rejecting obesity is a journey that requires perseverance, dedication, and a strong support system. As students, we have the power to inspire and lead by example,encouraging our peers and families to adopt healthier habits. By making conscious choices, staying active, and advocating for change, we can create a healthier and more inclusive society where everyone has the opportunity to thrive.In conclusion, obesity is a complex issue that requires a multifaceted approach. By embracing a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and a supportive community, we can reject obesity and its detrimental effects. It is time for us, the youth, to take charge of our health and well-being, and pave the way for a healthier and more vibrant future.。
全民肥胖英语作文
全民肥胖英语作文Obesity has become a significant health concern globally, and it is often referred to as a national health crisis in many countries. Here's a short essay on the topic of national obesity, suitable for an English composition assignment:In recent years, the prevalence of obesity has escalated to alarming levels, posing a considerable challenge to public health systems worldwide. The issue has transcendedindividual health concerns and has become a matter ofnational importance, affecting economies, healthcare infrastructure, and the overall quality of life.Causes of National ObesityThe rise in obesity rates can be attributed to several factors. Unhealthy dietary habits, characterized by the consumption of high-calorie, nutrient-poor foods, are a primary contributor. The proliferation of fast food chains and the marketing of processed foods have made unhealthy eating choices more accessible and appealing. Additionally, sedentary lifestyles, prompted by a shift towards desk jobs and reduced physical activity in leisure, have exacerbated the problem.Consequences of National ObesityThe health implications of obesity are far-reaching. Obesityis a risk factor for numerous chronic diseases, includingtype 2 diabetes, heart disease, certain types of cancer, and respiratory disorders. Moreover, the financial burden of obesity on healthcare systems is substantial, with increased costs for medical treatments and a reduction in productivity due to illness.Strategies to Combat National ObesityAddressing the obesity epidemic requires a multifaceted approach. Governments can play a pivotal role by implementing policies that promote healthy eating and active living. This includes regulating the marketing of unhealthy foods to children, providing incentives for the production ofhealthier food options, and investing in public spaces that encourage physical activity, such as parks and walking trails.Education is another key component in the fight against obesity. Schools should incorporate nutrition and physical education into their curricula to instill healthy habits from a young age. Public health campaigns can also raise awareness about the importance of a balanced diet and regular exercise.Individual ResponsibilityWhile societal and governmental efforts are crucial,individual responsibility is equally important. People must take charge of their health by making informed food choicesand incorporating physical activity into their daily routines. Small changes, such as taking the stairs instead of the elevator or choosing water over sugary drinks, can make a significant difference over time.ConclusionNational obesity is a complex issue that demands theattention and action of individuals, communities, and governments. By understanding the causes and consequences of obesity, and by working together to implement effective strategies, it is possible to reverse this trend and promotea healthier, more active society for all.This essay provides a structured overview of the national obesity issue, discussing its causes, consequences, and potential solutions, and concludes with a call to action forall stakeholders involved.。
怎么预防肥胖症英语作文
Obesity has become a global epidemic, affecting people of all ages and backgrounds. As a high school student, Ive observed the impact of obesity not only on our physical health but also on our emotional wellbeing and social interactions. Its crucial that we take proactive steps to prevent obesity and maintain a healthy lifestyle.Growing up, I was always conscious about my weight and the food I consumed. My parents instilled in me the importance of a balanced diet and regular exercise. They would often prepare homecooked meals, rich in vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. This helped me develop a taste for healthy foods and understand the nutritional value of what I ate.One of the key factors in preventing obesity is making smart food choices. Fast food and sugary snacks may be tempting, but they are high in calories and low in nutrients. Instead, I try to fill my plate with colorful fruits and vegetables, which are packed with vitamins, minerals, and fiber. I also limit my intake of processed foods, which often contain hidden sugars and unhealthy fats.Another important aspect is portion control. Its easy to overeat, especially when dining out or eating in front of the TV. To avoid this, I practice mindful eating, taking the time to savor each bite and listen to my bodys hunger and fullness cues. I also make a conscious effort to eat smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day, which helps keep my metabolism active and prevents overeating.Regular physical activity is also essential in preventing obesity. I try toincorporate at least 30 minutes of exercise into my daily routine, whether its walking to school, playing sports, or dancing to my favorite music. Exercise not only burns calories but also releases endorphins, which boost my mood and energy levels.However, preventing obesity is not just about diet and exercise. Its also about creating a supportive environment that encourages healthy habits. At school, we have a wellness program that promotes physical activity and educates students about nutrition. We also have a salad bar in the cafeteria, which offers a variety of fresh, healthy options.Moreover, its important to address the emotional and psychological aspects of obesity. Stress, depression, and low selfesteem can lead to emotional eating and weight gain. I make sure to take care of my mental health by getting enough sleep, managing stress, and seeking support from friends, family, or a counselor when needed.In conclusion, preventing obesity requires a holistic approach that combines a healthy diet, regular exercise, emotional wellbeing, and a supportive environment. By making these lifestyle changes, we can not only prevent obesity but also improve our overall health and quality of life. Its never too early or too late to start making positive changes, and every small step counts towards a healthier future.。
(完整版)顾家北词伙整理
词伙Worst-affected countryAt the international level Diplomatic rowFinancial resources Multinational enterprises Multinational companies Across boundariesGlobal financial centre Business hubsEnhance social integration The domestic market Implications for the economy 最受影响的国家在国际范围内外交争吵资金The adequacy of…跨国企业跨越国界全球金融中心商业中心加强社会融合国内市场经济影响The gap between the haves and the贫富差距Widen…have-notsCompetitive job marketSeek employmentPotential recruitsSuffer stressSuffer from more pressureUrban sprawlUrban expansionProspective citizensNon-English speaking migrants Indigenous peopleLocal residentsCitizenshipGovernment/Public funds Public expenditure(on) Government investment(in) Budget constraintsPolitical leadershipGive priority to…Enforce 竞争激烈的劳动力市场求职潜在的应聘人感到压力城市扩张申请入籍的人母语非英语的移民本土人国籍公共资金、开支预算限制政府领导力把…放在首位制定法律…has profound implication s for the economyFormulateEnact+lawsImprove citizens’living standards Health service 提高居民生活水平医疗服务Social stabilityProduce a better societyReduce traffic congestion Trigger conflictsTechnological devices Massive technological change 社会稳定减少交通堵塞引发冲突技术设备大规模技术变化Online activityE-communicationSocial networking websites Education contentBroaden one’s horizonsWiden our visionExpand knowledgeIncrease/broaden/widen knowledge 上网网络交流社交网站教育性内容enable users to acquire knowledge 开阔眼界扩宽知识Exercise different options Powerful functioning applications Present informationProvide different options Brainstorm ideasEmbrace creative ideasPut ideas into practiceStifleUse Fire Capture creativity imaginationBiotech industry 强大的功能应用提供信息提供不同选项集思广益拥抱创意把想法付诸实践抑制运用创造力促进想象力激发生物技术领域Vulnerable to an attack by online criminalsThe whole ecosystemGlobal environmental problemsGlobal environmental degradation/ destructionStain on environmentAt environment’s expenseHuman activities(Would)suffer sooner or laterGlobal warmingGlaciers MeltingSea level riseRelease/discharge pollutantsCarbon footprintAir pollution/contamination Greenhouse effectAcid trainThe increase of litter/garbage Radioactive waste disposalWater shortageThe shortage of water recoursesD eforestationOvergrazingLower fertilityFood supply problemFamineDeplete nature recoursesNon-renewable resourcesFossil fuelsRenewable resourcesAlternative energy 容易受到网络罪犯的攻击整个生态系统环境问题环境恶化环境压力环境代价人类活动早晚都要遭报应全球变暖冰川融化海平面上升淡水减少汽车尾气排放排放污染物碳足迹Leave carbon footprint大气污染温室效应酸雨污染物增加垃圾增多废水增多放射物的污染处理水资源短缺森林减少过度放牧土地生产力下降食品供应不足饥荒耗尽自然资源不可再生资源化石燃料可再生资源可替代资源Hydro powerWind powerSolar powerTidal powerHydride powerDroughtsFloodsSand stormsViolent stormsMitigate the environmental impact Tackle pollutionSustain the environment Sustainable development世界Global cooperationAchieve/reach the agreementSet international standards for environmentalprotection/conservation/preservation 政府Enforce environmental lawsForbid/curb Unenvironmental behaviourTax disposable packagingLow-carbon economyContain pollutionImprove air qualityTreat wasteff ctivelyInvest in and research…Exploit…Environmental friendly technology Energy-saving technology Renewable green energyLess polluting or fuel-efficient cars/ vehiclesHi-tech solutions企业Conserve energyEnvironmental friendly products 水电风能太阳能潮汐能氢能干旱洪灾沙尘暴雷暴减少对环境的影响减少、处理污染保护环境可持续发展全球合作达成共识制定环境保护的国际标准制定环保政策禁止破坏环境的行为给一次性包装收税鼓励低碳经济发展Encourage Low-carbon控制污染改善空气质量有效地处理垃圾投资研发……大力发展……环保科技节能科技可再生的清洁能源燃油高效性汽车高科技的解决方法节约资源推出环保产品→见可再生资源economyPromote environmental friendly productsGreen consuming habits引导大众绿色消费习惯Lead/guide the public to enter green consuming habits 个人Make a conscious effort to…有意识地Take采取行动icgthiot nagainst climate change抵制气候变化Raise green/environmental awareness提升环保意识Conservation activities保护活动Low-carbon lifestyle倡导低碳生活方式Appeal low-carbon life styleTake public transport,carpool or ride abicycle乘坐公共交通工具、拼车或骑自行车T hrowaway products避免使用一次性产品Avoid using throwaway productsEco-friendly alternatives/substitution使用生态友好型替代品Use eco-friendly alternatives/substitutionSort daily garbage生活垃圾分类Consume less and recycle more少消耗多回收Culture exchange文化交流Inactive lifestyle不同的生活方式The erosion of(some)traditional valuesBe economically better ofBecome financially well-offBecome more affluentMaterial wealthOverworkingWork OvertimeLead a hectic lifePerform poorlyEnjoy the company of familyLuxury goods,such asGrand housesFancy/luxury cars 传统文化价值的缺失经济条件宽裕物质财富pay closer attention to material wealth,注重物质财富but fail to attach importance to family life.忽略家庭生活工作过度加班工作过着忙碌的生活表现很差享受家庭生活奢侈品(房、车、物件)Be able to afford…/Hi-tech gadgetsGet a foot on the property ladder ShopaholicEveryday expenditure Necessities of modern lifeNon-essential itemsResist the temptation toA housing crisisShortage of houses(Unlimited)private car ownership Private car useRestrict the private car use Restrict the use of private car Limit the number of cars Involve fuel consumption Create exhaust fumes Deteriorate air qualitySuffer from respiratory diseases Hospital admission(will)increaseGenetically modified cropsPoor dietF ast foodJunk foodStaple foodLean meatEpidemic of obesityF at contentPhysical degenerationFall sickLose weightGo on a dietDetox dietRegular exerciseImprove individuals’well-being 买自己的房子购物狂日常消费现实生活的必需品不必要的物品克制欲望房屋紧缺私家车的使用限制私家车的使用消耗燃油排放废气破坏大气质量(As)air quality deteriorates,…随着空气质量的破坏遭受呼吸系统疾病入院人数增加转基因农产品不好的饮食垃圾食品主食瘦肉肥胖蔓延脂肪比重体质下降生病减肥节食排毒减肥餐经常锻炼(regular=usual)加强身体健康Travelling overseas Leisure activities 出境游休闲活动Meet admission requirementsMeet entry requirementsMeet entrance standardsSecondary educationReceive a college educationuniversitytertiaryCore coursesOptional coursesIncrease knowledgeConduct academic studies Theoretical knowledgeImprove/enhance students’intellectual skillsBroaden one’s mindKeep abreast of the latest development Gain more knowledge and experience Seize opportunitiesCareer prospectEmployment prospectJob outlookPromising futureJob outlook is brightLeave schoolGraduate 符合入学要求中等教育接受大学教育主课选修curriculum 增加知识做学术研究大学职能理论知识提高学习能力扩宽视野获得更多知识和经验把握机会职业前景好的前景毕业Graduate unemployment毕业生失业率Private fostering收养孩子Guardianship监护权Close family member近亲Birth parents亲生父母Responsible adult靠谱的成年人Fertility watching生育监管机构Target针对小孩Affect consumers’shopping habits and product preferencesCustomer-focusedBoost one’s confidence in(products) Satisfy one’s needPerform important functionsPress baronsMedia exposureThe right to free speech and a free pressThe illegal useViolent crimesRace violenceGun controlGun violenceCriminal offenceBreak the lawDisobey the lawDo something outside the law DelinquencyCrimesCommit suicideReduce crimeCombat crimeCurbDeter Curb Deter +crime+drink driving消费习惯产品偏好以顾客为导向的提高对产品的信心满足需求执行重要功能媒体业巨头媒体曝光言论自由和媒体自由非法使用暴力犯罪种族暴力枪支管制枪支暴力刑事犯罪违法自杀减少犯罪打击犯罪抑制犯罪抑制酒驾Animals which face extinction Be threatened with extinction Endangered speciesKeep these species aliveHuman-caused disturbances Pose a threat to nature habitats 面临灭绝的动物面临灭绝濒危物种保持物种存活人为干扰对自然栖息地构成威胁破坏食物链Destroy/Keep the ecological balance破坏/维持生态平衡Intensive farming密集种植Restrict mobility限制行动Be locked up in cages被关在笼子里Natural behaviour本能Hunting instinct狩猎本能Professional zookeepers专业饲养员Captive breeding programmes圈养繁殖计划Reintroduced to natural habitats重回自然栖息地Preserve biodiversity保护物种多样性Funding for conservation动物保护基金Male-dominated word Fulfil oneself 男人占主导位置的世界(男人支配)实现抱负Rear a child(alone)抚养小孩The focus of public concern Central questionThe inescapable fact is that…Open to discussionThe former/latterTradeofide withSupportersPros and consOutline the cause(of) Propose solutionsTacklandle+the problems Deal withTake measuresto 公众关注焦点核心问题无法回避的问题是值得商榷前者or后者折中条件支持支持者优缺点The pros and cons of…will be discussed below概括原因提出解决方法处理问题采取措施There are many measures we can take to solve this problem,我们可以采取很多措施解决这一问题Deserve immediate attentionPose a threat toPose a potential menaceMake concerted efforts to齐心协力Everything go on as usualLay a foundation forHave a lifelong impact on…Non-essential…The proliferation of…The adequacy of…应立即得到注意and some of them deserve immediate attention.立即引起我们的重视对…造成威胁People from different countries should make concerted efforts to solve this problem.一切照常为…奠定基础一生的影响不必要的……的扩散充足的Be crucial to…至关重要Recognize the value of…认识到…的价值In a wayIn generalAs a general ruleIn many casesMore often than notIn most casesNot surprisingly UndoubtedlyIt is undeniable that…There is no denying that…It is generally accepted that…LikewiseMeanwhileBesidesIn additionWhat’s more 在某种情况下一般而言照例通常通常，多半在绝大多数情况下无可置疑的是众所周知的是同样地、也口语其中一些必须Moreover FurthermoreLet aloneLast but not leastIn extreme casesHoweverNonethelessNeverthelessConverselyMeanwhileOn the other handAt the other extremeOn the negative sideOn the positive/plus sideOn the downsideUnder exceptional circumstances Despite these benefits,it is argued that…AlternativelyInsteadRatherConverselyIn compar ison withBy compar isonBy contrastIn contrastThereforeAs suchFor this reasonHenceThusGiven thisIn view of thisThe consequence is that…For exampleFor instanceIn briefIn a wordPut simply 更不必说最后但并不是最不重要的(不要放在段落开头)在极端情况下然而(轻微转折)虽然如此，但是(重度转折)相反地At the same time but in other places另一方面重度转折，引出相反观点的中心句页11To summariseIn conclusionT o sum upIncrease one’s self-confidence=Boost one’s self-confidenceHave a(adj.)impact on(negative=adverse)Mental arithmetic心算能力Spelling out列举P139Refute否定Means mode/form of travel旅行方式Sightseeing观光Imposing tax penalties加税Boosted振兴P143Brought to the forefront放到了最前沿页12。
肥胖与健康英语作文
肥胖与健康英语作文英文回答：Obesity is a major public health concern with far-reaching implications for individuals and society as a whole. It is characterized by an excessive amount of body fat, increasing the risk of numerous chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders, and certain types of cancer.The impact of obesity on health is undeniable. Excess body weight places strain on the heart and circulatory system, leading to high blood pressure and an increasedrisk of heart attack and stroke. Obesity also disrupts insulin signaling, making it more difficult for cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream, potentially leading to type 2 diabetes.Furthermore, the mechanical stress caused by excess weight takes a toll on the musculoskeletal system,contributing to osteoarthritis and other joint problems. Obesity is also associated with an increased risk ofcertain types of cancer, such as breast, endometrial, and colon cancer.Beyond the physical health consequences, obesity can also have significant psychological and social effects. Individuals with obesity often face stigma, discrimination, and social isolation, which can lead to low self-esteem, depression, and anxiety.Addressing the obesity epidemic requires a multi-faceted approach that includes healthy lifestyle interventions, public health initiatives, and policy changes. Encouraging regular exercise, promoting healthy eating habits, and providing access to affordablenutritious food are crucial steps in combating obesity.Moreover, public health campaigns that raise awareness about the health risks associated with obesity and encourage preventive measures can play a vital role in reducing obesity rates. Additionally, policy changes thatrestrict the marketing of unhealthy foods to children, impose taxes on sugary drinks, and promote active living can help create a healthier environment for all.By addressing the root causes of obesity and implementing comprehensive interventions, we can reduce the burden of this disease on individuals and society and improve the overall health and well-being of our communities.中文回答：肥胖是一个重要的公共卫生问题，对个人和整个社会有着深远的影响。
全民健步走报道英语作文
全民健步走报道英语作文Title: Embracing the National Fitness Craze: A Walk to Wellness。
In recent years, the national fitness craze has been gaining momentum across the country. One of the mostpopular activities promoting this movement is the "All People's Walk for Fitness." This initiative encourages people of all ages and backgrounds to incorporate walking into their daily routine for improved health and well-being. In this essay, we will explore the significance of this movement and its impact on individuals and society.First and foremost, the "All People's Walk for Fitness" embodies the spirit of inclusivity and accessibility. Regardless of one's age, physical condition, or socioeconomic status, everyone can participate in walking. Unlike other forms of exercise that may require specialized equipment or training, walking simply requires a pair of comfortable shoes and a willingness to take a step forward.By removing barriers to entry, this initiative has empowered millions of people to embark on a journey towards better health.Furthermore, walking offers a myriad of physical and mental health benefits. From improving cardiovascular health to boosting mood and reducing stress, the benefits of regular walking are well-documented. Moreover, walking is a low-impact exercise, making it suitable forindividuals of all fitness levels. Whether it's a leisurely stroll through the park or a brisk walk around the neighborhood, every step contributes to a healthier lifestyle.Beyond individual health, the "All People's Walk for Fitness" has broader implications for society as a whole. By promoting physical activity on a national scale, this initiative addresses the growing epidemic of sedentary lifestyles and associated health problems. In a society where chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease are on the rise, encouraging people to walk more can have a significant impact on public health outcomes.Moreover, walking fosters social connections and community engagement. Whether it's joining a walking group or simply chatting with neighbors while out for a walk, walking provides opportunities for people to connect with others and strengthen social ties. In an era marked by social isolation and digital distractions, the simple act of walking can help foster a sense of belonging and connectedness within communities.In addition to its health and social benefits, the "All People's Walk for Fitness" also promotes environmental sustainability. Unlike motorized forms of transportation, walking is eco-friendly and produces zero emissions. By encouraging people to walk more and rely less on cars, this initiative helps reduce air pollution, alleviate traffic congestion, and mitigate the effects of climate change. In this way, walking not only benefits individual health but also contributes to the well-being of the planet.In conclusion, the "All People's Walk for Fitness" represents a powerful movement towards a healthier, moreactive, and more connected society. By encouraging people to embrace walking as a simple yet effective form of exercise, this initiative has the potential to transform lives and communities across the nation. As we lace up our shoes and take to the streets, let us remember that every step we take brings us closer to a brighter, healthier future for all.。
肥胖问题的英语作文
肥胖问题的英语作文Title: The Obesity Epidemic: A Global Challenge。
Obesity has emerged as a critical health issue in recent years, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. This essay aims to delve into the causes, consequences, and potential solutions to this pressing problem.First and foremost, the primary cause of obesity is an imbalance between calorie intake and expenditure. With the prevalence of sedentary lifestyles and the availability of high-calorie, low-nutrient foods, many people consume more calories than their bodies require. Additionally, genetic predispositions, socioeconomic factors, and environmental influences also contribute to the development of obesity.The consequences of obesity are profound and far-reaching, affecting not only individual health but also straining healthcare systems and economies. Health complications associated with obesity includecardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, certain cancers, and musculoskeletal disorders. Moreover, obese individuals often face stigma and discrimination, leading to psychological distress and reduced quality of life.Addressing the obesity epidemic requires a multifaceted approach involving various stakeholders, including governments, healthcare providers, the food industry, educators, and individuals themselves. Public health policies play a crucial role in creating environments that support healthy choices, such as promoting access to nutritious foods, implementing regulations on food marketing to children, and improving urban planning to facilitate physical activity.Furthermore, healthcare providers should prioritize obesity prevention and management by integrating screening, counseling, and treatment into routine clinical practice. This includes offering personalized dietary and exercise recommendations, as well as behavioral interventions to promote long-term lifestyle changes.The food industry also bears responsibility for addressing obesity by reformulating products to reducetheir calorie, sugar, and fat content, as well as providing clear labeling to help consumers make informed choices. Additionally, promoting health education and nutrition literacy can empower individuals to make healthier decisions for themselves and their families.On an individual level, adopting a healthy lifestyle is paramount in combating obesity. This entails consuming a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, while minimizing the intake of processed foods, sugary beverages, and excessive fats. Regular physical activity is also essential, including both aerobic exercises and strength training to improve overall fitness and metabolism.In conclusion, obesity represents a significant public health challenge with profound implications for individuals and societies worldwide. By addressing its root causes through comprehensive strategies encompassing policy, healthcare, industry, education, and personal behavior, wecan work towards a healthier future for generations to come. It is imperative that we collectively prioritize efforts to combat obesity and promote well-being for all.。
肥胖是如何影响人的健康英语作文
肥胖是如何影响人的健康英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Impact of Obesity on HealthObesity has become a major health issue globally, and its prevalence is increasing at an alarming rate. It is not just a cosmetic concern, but also a serious medical condition that can have a significant impact on overall health. In this essay, we will explore how obesity affects a person's health in various ways.Firstly, obesity is associated with a number of chronic health conditions, including heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and certain types of cancer. Excess body fat can increase the risk of developing these conditions, as it puts strain on the heart and other vital organs. For instance, obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes, as it can lead to the build-up of plaque in the arteries, causing them to narrow and restrict blood flow.Moreover, obesity can have a negative impact on mental health. Studies have shown that obese individuals are more likely to experience depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. This canbe attributed to societal stigma and discrimination towards overweight individuals, which can have a detrimental effect on their mental well-being. In addition, obesity has been linked to cognitive decline and an increased risk of developing dementia in later life.Furthermore, obesity can also affect a person's ability to perform daily activities and lead a fulfilling life. Excess weight can put strain on the joints, leading to joint pain and mobility issues. This can make it difficult for obese individuals to engage in physical activity, further exacerbating their weight problems. In addition, obesity can interfere with sleep patterns, leading to sleep apnea and other sleep-related disorders, which can have a negative impact on overall quality of life.In conclusion, obesity is a complex health issue that can have far-reaching consequences on an individual's physical and mental well-being. It is important to address this problem through a multi-faceted approach that includes lifestyle changes, dietary modifications, and regular physical activity. By taking proactive steps to address obesity, individuals can improve their overall health and reduce their risk of developing chronic diseases.篇2Obesity is a major health issue that affects millions of people globally. It not only impacts a person's physical appearance but also has serious implications on their overall health andwell-being. In this essay, we will discuss how obesity affects a person's health and why it is important to address this issue.First and foremost, obesity is a leading cause of various health problems such as heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and even certain types of cancer. Excess body fat can put a strain on the heart and lead to high blood pressure and cholesterol levels, which in turn increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. Similarly, obesity is closely linked to the development of type 2 diabetes, as it affects the body's ability to regulate blood sugar levels. This can result in serious complications such as nerve damage, kidney disease, and even blindness if left untreated.Moreover, obesity can also have negative effects on a person's mental health. Research has shown that obese individuals are more likely to experience depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem compared to their non-obese counterparts. This can be attributed to societal stigma and discrimination against overweight individuals, which can lead to feelings of isolation and worthlessness.Furthermore, obesity can impact a person's quality of life by limiting their mobility and activity levels. Excess weight puts added pressure on the joints and muscles, leading to pain and discomfort. This can make it difficult for obese individuals to engage in physical activities or even perform daily tasks such as walking or climbing stairs. In severe cases, obesity can lead to disability and a significantly reduced quality of life.In addition to the physical and mental health effects, obesity also has economic implications. Medical costs associated with obesity-related diseases are significant and place a heavy burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Furthermore, obese individuals are more likely to miss work due to health issues, leading to decreased productivity and increased absenteeism. This can have a ripple effect on the economy as a whole, impacting businesses and the workforce.In conclusion, obesity is a complex issue that hasfar-reaching effects on a person's health and well-being. It is important to address this issue through education, prevention, and treatment strategies to improve the overall health of individuals and reduce the burden on healthcare systems. By promoting healthy lifestyles, encouraging physical activity, andproviding access to nutritious foods, we can combat obesity and create a healthier society for future generations.篇3Obesity is a growing epidemic worldwide that can have serious implications for an individual's health. In this essay, we will discuss how obesity impacts a person's health andwell-being.First and foremost, obesity is associated with a higher risk of developing chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and certain types of cancer. Excess body weight can lead to insulin resistance, which can result in high blood sugar levels and ultimately diabetes. In addition, obesity puts strain on the heart and can lead to high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol levels, and an increased risk of heart attacks and strokes. Furthermore, obesity is a risk factor for certain types of cancer, including breast, colon, and prostate cancer.Moreover, obesity can have a negative impact on a person's mental health. Studies have shown that individuals who are obese are more likely to experience depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. This can stem from societal pressures and stigma associated with being overweight, as well as hormonal andchemical imbalances in the brain that can be caused by excess body fat.In addition to these health risks, obesity can also lead to physical limitations and reduced quality of life. Carrying around excess weight puts strain on the joints, leading to conditions such as arthritis and back pain. Obesity can also cause fatigue, difficulty breathing, and decreased mobility, making it harder for individuals to engage in physical activity and enjoy daily activities.Furthermore, obesity can impact a person's social and emotional well-being. People who are obese may face discrimination and prejudice in their daily lives, leading to feelings of isolation and loneliness. Additionally, obesity can strain relationships with family and friends, as individuals may feel judged or misunderstood due to their weight.In conclusion, obesity is a complex and multifaceted issue that can have serious implications for a person's health and well-being. It is important for individuals to be aware of the risks associated with obesity and take steps to maintain a healthy weight through diet and exercise. By addressing this issue proactively, individuals can reduce their risk of developingchronic diseases, improve their mental health, and enhance their overall quality of life.。
英魔雅思押题阅读文章1
2020英魔新增雅思押题测试卷：阅读1READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based onReading Passage 3 below.Stealth Forces in Weight LossThe field of weight loss is like the ancient fable about the blind men and the elephant. Each man investigates a d ifferent part of the animal and reports back, only to discover their findings are bafflingly incompatible.AThe various findings by public-health experts, physicians, psychologists, geneticists, molecular biologists, and nu tritionists are about as similar as an elephant's tusk is to its tail. Some say obesity islargely predetermined by our genes and biology;others attribute it to an overabundance of fries, soda,and screen -sucking; still others think we're fat because of viral infection, insulin, or the metabolicconditions we encountered in the womb. "Everyone subscribes to their own little theory," says Robert Berkowitz, medical director of the Center for Weight and Eating Disorders at the University of Pennsylvania Scho ol of Medicine. We're programmed to hang onto the fat we have, and some people arepredisposed to create and carry more fat than others. Diet and exercise help, but in the end the solutionwill inevitably be more complicated than pushing away the plate and going for a walk. "It's not assimple as "You're fat because you're lazy," says Nikhil Dhurandhar, an associate professor at Pennington Biome dical Research Center in Baton Rouge. "Willpower is not a prerogative of thin people.It's distributed equally."BScience may still be years away from giving us a miracle formula for fatloss. Hormone leptin is a crucial 1 player in the brain's weight-management circuitry, Some people produce too li ttle leptin; others becomedesensitised to it. And when obese people lose weight, their leptin levels plummet along with their ,metabolism. The body becomes more efficient at using fuel and conserving fat, which makes it toughto keep the weight off. Obese dieters' bodies go into a state of chronic hunger, a feeling Rudolph Leibel, Ian obe sity researcher at Columbia University, compares to thirst. "Some people might be able to toleratechronic thirst, but the majority couldn't stand it," says Leibel. "Is that a behavioural problem a lack of will power? I don't think so."CThe government has long espoused moderate daily exercise of the evening-walk or take-the-stairs variety but th at may not do much to budge the needle on the scale. A 150-pound person burns only I150 calories on a half-ho ur walk, the equivalent of two apples. It's good for the heart, less so for thegut. "Radical changes are necessary," says Deirdre Barrett, a psychologist at Harvard Medical Schooland author of Waistland. "People don't lose weight by choosing the small fries o taking a little walkevery other day." Barrett suggests taking a cue from the members of the National Weight Control Registry (NWC R), a selfselected group of more than 5,00 successful weigh-losers who have shed 1an average of 66 pounds and kept it off 5.5 years. Some registry members lost weight using low carb .diets; some went low-fat; others eliminated refined foods. Some did it on their own; others reliedon counselling That said, not everyone can lose 66 pounds and not everyone needs to. The goal shouldn't be ge tting thin, but getting healthy. It's enough to whittle your weight down To the Tow end of yourset range, says Jeffrey Friedman, a geneticist at Rockefeller University. Losing even 10 pounds vastly decreases your risk of diabetes heart disease, and high blood pressure The point is to not give up justbecause you don't look like a swimsuit model.DThe negotiation between your genes and the environment begins on day one. Your optimal weight,writ by genes, appears to get edited early on by conditions even before birth, inside the womb. If awoman has high boo-sugar levels while she's pregnant, her children are more likely to be overweightor obese, according to a study of almost 10,000 mother. child pairs Maternal diabetes may influence achild's obesity risk through a process called metabolic imprinting, says Teresa Hillier, an endocrinologist with Kai ser Permanente's Center for Health Research and the study's lead author. The implicationis clear: Weight may be established very early on, and obesity largely passed from mother to child.Numerous stu dies in both animals and humans have shown that a mother's obesity directly increaseher child's risk for weight gain. The best advice for moms to-be: Get fit before you get pregnant. You'llreduce your risk of complications during pregnancy and increase your chances of having a normal-weight child.EIt's the $64,000 question: Which diets work? It got people wondering: Isn't there a better way to diet?A study seemed to offer an answer. The paper compared two groups of adults: those who, after eating, ,secreted high levels of insulin, a hormone that sweeps blood sugar out of the bloodstream and promotesits storage as fat, and those who secreted less. Within each group, half were put ona low-fat diet and half ,on a low-glycemic-load diet. On average, the low-insulin-secreting group fared the same o n both diets,losing nearly 10 pounds in the first six months but they gained about half of it back by the end ofthe 18-month study. The high-insulin group didn't do as well on the low -fat plan, losing about 4.5 pounds, and ga ining back more than half by the end. But the most successful were the high-insulin- secretors on ,the low-glyce mic-load diet. They lost nearly 13 pounds and kept it off.FWhat if your fat is caused not by diet or genes, but by germs - - say, a virus? t sounds like a sci-i horror movie, but research suggests some dimension of the obesity epidemic may be attributable to infection by 1com mon viruses, says Dhurandhar The idea of "infectobesity" came to him 20 years ago when he was a young docto r treating obesity in Bombay. He discovered that a local avian virus, SMAM-1, caused chick-.ens to die, sickened with organ damage but also, strangely, with lots of abdominal fat. In experiments,Dhurandhar found that SMAM-1-infected chickens became obese on the same diet as uninfected ones,which stayed svelte.GHe later moved to the U.S. and onto a bona fide human virus, adenovirus 36 (AD-36). In the lab,every species of animal Dhurandhar infected with the virus became obese - chickens got fat, micegot fat, even rhesus monkeys at the Z0o that picked up the virus from the environment suddenlygained 15 percent of their body weight upon exposure. In his latest studies, Dhurandhar has isolateda gene that, when blocked from expressing itself, seems to turn off the virus's fattening power. Stemcells extract ed from fat cells and then exposed to AD-36 reliably blossom into fat cells but whenstem cells are exposed to an AD-36 virus with the key gene inhibited, the stems cells don’t differentiate. The gen e appears to be necessary and sufficient to trigger AD-36-related obesity, and the goalis to use the research to create a sort of obesity vaccine.Questions 27-31Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the Correct letter; A-G, in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.27 evaluation on the effect of weight loss on different kinds of diets28 an example of a research which includes the relatives of the participants29 an example of a group of people who did not regain weight immediately after weight loss30 long term hunger may appear to be acceptable to some of the participantsduring the period of losing weight program31 a continuous experiment may lead to a practical application besides diet or hereditary resortQuestions 32-36Look at the following. findings (Questions 32-36) and the list of researchers below.Match each finding with the correct researcher, A-F.Write the correct letter; A-F, in boxes 32-36 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.32 A person's weight is determined by the interaction of his/her DNA and the environment.33 Pregnant mothers who are overweight may risk their fetus in gaining weight.34 The aim of losing weight should be keeping healthy rather than being attractive.35 Small changes in lifestyle will not help in reducing much weight.36 Researchers can be divided into different groups with their own point of viewabout weight loss.List of ResearchersA Robert BerkowitzB Rudolph LeibelC Nikhil DhurandharD Deirdre BarrettE Jeffrey FriedmanF Teresa HillierQuestions 37-40Complete the sentences below.Choose ONE WORD AND/OR ANUMBER from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.In Bombay Clinic, a young doctor who came up with the concept 'infectobesity' believed that the obesity is caused by a kind of virus. For years, he conducted experiments on 37________ .Finally, later as he moved to America, he identified a new virus named 38_________ which proved to be a significant breakthrough in inducing more weight. Although there seems no way to eliminate the virus till now, a kind of 39________ can be separated as to block the effectiveness of the virus. In the future, the doctor is aiming at developing a new 40________ which might effectively combat against the virus.。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：63
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题He doesn’t know much about politics,but he’s always shooting off his mouth about how good he is. He is somewhat of a/an（）.问题1选项A.dogmatistB.adventurerC.braggartD.humbler【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。
A选项dogmatist“教条主义者；独断家”；B选项adventurer“冒险家”；C选项braggart“吹牛者；好自夸者”；D选项humbler“谦虚的人”。
句意：他不了解政治，但他总脱口而出夸赞自己有多好。
他多少是个……。
C选项符合题意。
2.单选题The truth about alliances and their merit probably lies somewhere between the travel utopia presented by the players and the evil empires portrayed by their critics.问题1选项A.collaborationB.worthC.triumphD.defect【答案】B【解析】merit“优点，价值，功绩”。
A选项collaboration“合作，勾结”；B选项worth“价值，财产”；C选项triumph“生理，凯旋”；D选项defect“缺点，不足之处”。
B选项与merit“价值”这一意思相近，因此B选项符合题意。
3.单选题Cultural continuities with Africa were not dependent on importation and （）of specific folktales in their pristine form.问题1选项A.perpetuationB.perceptibilityC.perpetrationD.perplexity【答案】A【解析】考查形近名词辨析。
现在肥胖现象比较严重英语作文
现在肥胖现象比较严重英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Obesity Epidemic: A Weighty Issue for Modern SocietyObesity has become a global pandemic, affecting both developed and developing nations alike. As a student, I can't help but notice the alarming rise in overweight and obese individuals among my peers and in society at large. This issue is not just a matter of appearance, but a severe health crisis with far-reaching consequences that we can no longer afford to ignore.The statistics are staggering. According to the World Health Organization, worldwide obesity has nearly tripled since 1975. In 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults aged 18 and older were overweight, and of these, over 650 million were obese. These figures are even more concerning for children, with over 340 million children and adolescents aged 5-19 classified as overweight or obese in 2016. The problem is most prevalent in high-income countries, but it is also on the rise in low- and middle-income nations, making it a truly global phenomenon.The causes of this epidemic are complex and multifaceted, rooted in a combination of lifestyle choices, environmental factors, and genetic predispositions. Our modern way of life, characterized by sedentary behavior, unhealthy dietary habits, and an abundance of calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods, has undoubtedly contributed to the rise in obesity rates. The widespread availability of fast food and processed snacks, coupled with the lack of physical activity due to our desk-bound jobs and screen-centric leisure activities, has created a perfect storm for weight gain.However, it would be an oversimplification to attribute the obesity crisis solely to personal choices. Our built environment, with its car-centric infrastructure and lack of walkable spaces, discourages physical activity. Moreover, the prevalence of food deserts in many urban and rural areas limits access to fresh, nutritious foods, leaving many with little choice but to rely on unhealthy options. Socioeconomic factors, such as poverty, education levels, and access to healthcare, also play a significant role in shaping dietary patterns and lifestyle choices.The consequences of obesity are far-reaching and severe. It is a major risk factor for numerous chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, certain types of cancer,and respiratory problems. These conditions not only diminish the quality of life for those affected but also place a tremendous burden on healthcare systems and economies worldwide. The estimated annual medical costs associated with treating obesity-related illnesses are staggering, reaching hundreds of billions of dollars in some countries.Beyond the physical health implications, obesity can also take a toll篇2The Obesity Epidemic: A Growing CrisisObesity has become a major public health crisis in modern times, affecting people of all ages and backgrounds across the globe. As a student, I have witnessed firsthand the alarming rise of this issue within my own community and among my peers. The combination of unhealthy dietary habits, sedentary lifestyles, and various socioeconomic factors has created a perfect storm, leading to an unprecedented surge in obesity rates.According to the World Health Organization, obesity has nearly tripled worldwide since 1975. This staggering increase has profound implications for individuals, healthcare systems, and societies as a whole. Obese individuals are at a higher risk ofdeveloping a myriad of chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, certain types of cancer, and respiratory problems. The physical and emotional toll of obesity can be devastating, often leading to decreased quality of life, social stigma, and mental health issues.As a student, I have observed the impact of obesity on my classmates and friends. Many struggle with low self-esteem, bullying, and difficulty participating in physical activities due to their weight. It breaks my heart to see them grapple with these challenges at such a young age, when they should be carefree and focused on learning and personal growth.One of the primary contributors to the obesity epidemic is the widespread availability and overconsumption of unhealthy, processed foods. Fast food chains and convenience stores offer tempting, calorie-dense options that are high in fat, sugar, and salt, making it all too easy to indulge in poor dietary choices. The ubiquitous presence of vending machines in schools and the proliferation of sugary beverages further exacerbate the problem.Moreover, the sedentary nature of modern life, driven by technological advancements and the increasing popularity of video games and television, has led to a significant reduction inphysical activity among young people. Many students spend countless hours glued to screens, foregoing outdoor play and exercise. This lack of physical activity, combined with poor dietary habits, creates an environment ripe for weight gain and obesity.Socioeconomic factors also play a crucial role in the obesity epidemic. Families with limited financial resources often resort to cheaper, calorie-dense foods that lack nutritional value. Additionally, access to safe and affordable recreational facilities, parks, and healthy food options can be limited in certain neighborhoods, making it challenging for individuals to maintain an active lifestyle and consume a balanced diet.The consequences of the obesity epidemic extend far beyond individual health concerns. Obesity-related diseases place a tremendous strain on healthcare systems, resulting in skyrocketing medical costs and a significant economic burden on society. Furthermore, obesity can lead to decreased productivity and absenteeism in the workplace, further compounding the economic impact.As a student, I firmly believe that addressing the obesity epidemic requires a multifaceted approach involving education, policy changes, and community-driven initiatives. Schools play acrucial role in shaping the habits and attitudes of young people. By incorporating comprehensive health and nutrition education into curricula, students can learn about the importance of balanced diets and regular physical activity from an early age.Furthermore, schools should strive to create environments that promote healthy lifestyles. This can include offering nutritious and affordable meal options in cafeterias, limiting the availability of sugary beverages and unhealthy snacks, and providing ample opportunities for physical education and extracurricular sports activities.Government policies and regulations also have a significant role to play in combating the obesity epidemic. Initiatives such as implementing nutritional labeling requirements, regulating advertising of unhealthy foods to children, and providing incentives for the production and distribution of healthy, affordable foods can help create an environment that supports healthier choices.篇3The Obesity Epidemic: A Growing ConcernObesity has become a major public health crisis in recent decades, affecting millions of people worldwide. As a student, Ihave witnessed firsthand the alarming rise of this issue among my peers and within my community. The prevalence of obesity, especially among younger generations, is a cause for grave concern, and it is imperative that we address this problem before it spirals out of control.The statistics are startling: according to the World Health Organization, worldwide obesity has nearly tripled since 1975. In 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults aged 18 years and older were overweight, and of these, over 650 million were obese. These figures are not just numbers on a page; they represent real people, real lives, and real struggles.The consequences of obesity are far-reaching and severe. Obesity is a major risk factor for a multitude of chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, certain types of cancer, and respiratory problems. These conditions not only diminish the quality of life for those affected but also place a tremendous burden on healthcare systems and economies worldwide.As a student, I have witnessed firsthand the impact of obesity on my peers. I have seen friends struggle with lowself-esteem, bullying, and social isolation due to their weight. It breaks my heart to see them grapple with these challenges,especially during the formative years when self-confidence and acceptance are so crucial.The root causes of the obesity epidemic are multifaceted and complex. One of the primary drivers is the widespread availability and overconsumption of unhealthy, calorie-dense foods. The rise of fast food chains, processed and packaged foods, and sugary beverages has made it all too easy to indulge in unhealthy eating habits. Moreover, sedentary lifestyles, driven by technological advancements and decreased physical activity, have further exacerbated the problem.However, it would be an oversimplification to blame individuals entirely for their weight issues. There are numerous socioeconomic and environmental factors at play, such as food deserts (areas with limited access to affordable, nutritious foods), lack of safe spaces for physical activity, and the aggressive marketing tactics of the food industry, particularly targeting children and vulnerable populations.Addressing the obesity epidemic requires a multifaceted approach involving individual efforts, community support, and policy interventions. At the individual level, we must strive to adopt healthier lifestyles by making conscious choices about our diets and engaging in regular physical activity. However, this iseasier said than done, as factors such as time constraints, lack of knowledge, and ingrained habits can pose significant challenges.Community support is crucial in fostering an environment that encourages and promotes healthy behaviors. Schools, workplaces, and local organizations can play a pivotal role in providing education, resources, and opportunities for physical activity and healthy eating. Moreover, creating safe and accessible spaces for exercise, such as parks, playgrounds, and recreational facilities, can greatly encourage active lifestyles.Policy interventions at the national and global levels are also essential in tackling the obesity crisis. Governments can implement measures such as taxation on unhealthy foods and beverages, stricter regulations on food labeling and marketing practices, and incentives for the production and distribution of nutritious foods. Additionally, investing in public health campaigns, nutrition education programs, and research into obesity prevention and treatment is crucial.As a student, I am deeply concerned about the long-term implications of the obesity epidemic. Not only does it pose a significant threat to our physical health, but it also carries psychological and social consequences. We must take actionnow to prevent a future where obesity becomes the norm rather than the exception.One aspect that particularly resonates with me is the impact of obesity on mental health and self-esteem, especially among young people. I have witnessed firsthand how weight-related stigma and bullying can profoundly affect an individual'sself-confidence and overall well-being. It is imperative that we create an environment where individuals of all sizes are treated with respect, dignity, and compassion.Moreover, as future leaders and decision-makers, it is our responsibility to advocate for policies and initiatives that promote healthy lifestyles and address the root causes of the obesity epidemic. This may include advocating for better nutrition education in schools, pushing for stricter regulations on the marketing of unhealthy foods to children, and supporting initiatives that increase access to affordable, nutritious foods in underserved communities.Ultimately, combating the obesity epidemic requires a collective effort from individuals, communities, and governments alike. It is a complex issue that demands a multifaceted approach, addressing not only the physical aspects but also the social,economic, and psychological factors that contribute to its prevalence.As students, we have the power to be agents of change. We can start by making conscious choices about our own health and well-being, while also raising awareness and advocating for policies and initiatives that promote healthier lifestyles. Together, we can work towards creating a future where obesity is no longer a looming public health crisis but a manageable and preventable condition.The obesity epidemic is a daunting challenge, but it is one that we cannot afford to ignore. By taking action now, through individual efforts, community support, and policy interventions, we can work towards a healthier, more vibrant society for ourselves and future generations.。
美国肥胖 英文作文
美国肥胖英文作文Title: The Obesity Epidemic in the United States。
Obesity has become a pervasive issue in the United States, with significant implications for public health,the economy, and society as a whole. This essay exploresthe root causes, consequences, and potential solutions to the obesity epidemic in the U.S.One of the primary factors contributing to the high prevalence of obesity in the United States is theavailability and affordability of unhealthy food options. Fast food chains, convenience stores, and processed food products dominate the American diet, often containing high levels of fat, sugar, and sodium. Additionally, portionsizes in the U.S. tend to be larger than in other countries, encouraging overeating and contributing to weight gain.Sedentary lifestyles have also played a significantrole in the obesity epidemic. With the rise of technologyand screen-based entertainment, many Americans spend long hours sitting at desks, watching television, or using smartphones and computers. Physical activity levels have declined, leading to weight gain and increased risk of obesity-related health conditions.Furthermore, socioeconomic factors such as income and education level have been linked to obesity rates. Individuals with lower incomes may have limited access to nutritious foods due to financial constraints, leading them to rely on cheap, calorie-dense options. Additionally, communities with lower socioeconomic status often have fewer recreational facilities, parks, and safe spaces for outdoor exercise, further exacerbating the problem.The consequences of obesity are far-reaching and profound. From a health perspective, obesity is associated with an increased risk of chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and certain types of cancer. These conditions not only reduce individuals' quality of life but also place a significant burden on the healthcare system, leading to higher medical costs andincreased demand for healthcare services.On an economic level, obesity imposes substantial costs on society. Direct healthcare costs associated withobesity-related illnesses are staggering, estimated to be billions of dollars annually. Additionally, obesity can lead to decreased productivity and increased absenteeism in the workforce, further impacting economic productivity and competitiveness.Addressing the obesity epidemic requires a multifaceted approach that addresses both individual behaviors and systemic factors. Education and awareness campaigns can help individuals make healthier choices by providing information about nutrition, portion control, and the importance of physical activity. Public policies aimed at improving access to healthy foods, such as subsidies for fruits and vegetables and restrictions on unhealthy food marketing to children, can also make a significant impact.Furthermore, creating environments that support healthy behaviors is essential. This includes buildinginfrastructure for walking and biking, improving access to parks and recreational facilities, and implementing urban planning strategies that prioritize active transportation and community design. Employers can also play a role by offering wellness programs, incentives for physicalactivity, and promoting a culture of health in the workplace.In conclusion, the obesity epidemic in the UnitedStates is a complex and multifaceted issue with profound implications for public health, the economy, and society as a whole. By addressing the root causes of obesity and implementing evidence-based interventions at the individual, community, and policy levels, we can work towards creatinga healthier and more equitable future for all Americans.。
原因类的英语作文具体原因
原因类的英语作文具体原因English:The specific reason for the rise in obesity rates in modern society can be attributed to a combination of factors. Firstly, the easy availability of high-calorie, processed foods and sugary drinks in supermarkets and fast food outlets has led to an increase in consumption of unhealthy foods. This has been exacerbated by sedentary lifestyles and a lack of physical activity due to the prevalence of technology and desk jobs. Additionally, emotional and psychological factors such as stress, depression, and boredom can lead to overeating and weight gain. Furthermore, genetics may play a role in predisposing individuals to obesity, making it more challenging for some to maintain a healthy weight. Overall, the complex interplay of these factors contributes to the growing obesity epidemic in society.中文翻译:现代社会肥胖率上升的具体原因可以归因于多种因素的综合作用。
高中生睡眠远低于八小时英语作文
高中生睡眠远低于八小时英语作文Here is an English essay on the topic of high school students not getting enough sleep, with the content exceeding 1000 words as requested. The title is not included in the word count.Lack of Sleep Among High School Students: A Growing ConcernAdequate sleep is a fundamental requirement for the overall well-being and academic success of high school students. However, in today's fast-paced world, many adolescents are struggling to meet the recommended sleep duration of 8-10 hours per night. This alarming trend has significant implications for their physical health, cognitive performance, and emotional well-being, ultimately affecting their ability to thrive both in the classroom and in their personal lives.One of the primary factors contributing to the sleep deprivation epidemic among high school students is the demanding academic workload. High schools often place immense pressure on students to excel academically, leading to a packed schedule of classes, homework, extracurricular activities, and additional responsibilities. This relentless schedule leaves little time for students to wind downand get the necessary amount of sleep. Many students find themselves staying up late into the night to complete assignments, study for exams, or engage in various activities, compromising their sleep quality and quantity.In addition to the academic demands, the widespread use of electronic devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops, has also played a significant role in the sleep crisis. The blue light emitted by these devices can disrupt the body's natural circadian rhythms, making it more challenging for students to fall asleep and stay asleep. The temptation to continuously check social media, play games, or engage in other online activities further exacerbates the problem, as students often sacrifice valuable sleep time in favor of these digital distractions.Furthermore, the changing sleep patterns of adolescents during the high school years can contribute to the problem. As teenagers transition into young adulthood, their biological clocks shift, causing them to feel more alert and energetic later in the evening. This natural sleep phase delay, combined with the social and academic pressures they face, often leads to a later bedtime and a subsequent struggle to wake up early for school, resulting in a chronic sleep deficit.The consequences of inadequate sleep among high school studentsare far-reaching and can have a profound impact on their overall well-being. Firstly, lack of sleep can lead to physical health problems, such as increased risk of obesity, weakened immune system, and a higher susceptibility to illnesses. Sleep deprivation has also been linked to the development of chronic conditions, including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, which can have long-term implications for the health and well-being of these young individuals.Moreover, the cognitive effects of sleep deprivation can be detrimental to academic performance. Adequate sleep is crucial for memory consolidation, information processing, and the ability to focus and concentrate in the classroom. Students who do not get enough sleep often struggle with maintaining attention, retaining information, and problem-solving, ultimately affecting their academic achievement and the ability to reach their full potential.The emotional and psychological impacts of sleep deprivation are also significant. Lack of sleep can contribute to mood swings, increased irritability, and a heightened risk of developing mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression. These emotional and psychological challenges can further exacerbate the difficulties high school students face, making it even more challenging for them to navigate the academic and social demands of their daily lives.To address this growing concern, a multifaceted approach is necessary, involving collaboration among schools, parents, and the students themselves. Schools can play a crucial role by implementing policies and programs that prioritize student well-being, such as adjusting school start times to align with the natural sleep patterns of adolescents, providing education on the importance of sleep, and offering resources to help students develop healthy sleep habits.Parents also have a vital role to play in supporting their children's sleep needs. By setting consistent bedtime routines, limiting the use of electronic devices before bedtime, and encouraging healthy sleep hygiene practices, parents can help their children establish a strong foundation for adequate sleep and overall well-being.Furthermore, students themselves must take an active role in prioritizing their sleep. This may involve setting aside dedicated time for sleep, practicing relaxation techniques before bedtime, and making conscious efforts to manage their schedules and digital habits to ensure they get the necessary amount of sleep.In conclusion, the lack of sleep among high school students is a pressing concern that requires immediate attention. The consequences of sleep deprivation can be far-reaching, affecting the physical, cognitive, and emotional well-being of these young individuals. By addressing this issue through a collaborative effortinvolving schools, parents, and students, we can work towards ensuring that high school students have the opportunity to thrive and reach their full potential, both academically and personally.。
2011年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 5 First aid 急救 (课时训练) 新人教版必修5
Ⅰ.单项填空1．She knows how to make full use of her time and her parents never put ________on her to work hard.A．force B．pressureC．burden D．weight解析：选B。
put pressure on sb.(to do sth.)“给某人施压；强迫、促使或劝说某人(做某事)〞。
2．You have to be accurate in this job，because a small mistake can make a big________.A．difference B．difficultyC．trouble D．change解析：选A。
make a (some，no，etc.)difference “有(一些，没有什么)作用；关系；影响〞。
3．I won the first prize and you can imagine how excited I was when the Mayor________me with the raward.A．provided B．suppliedC．presented D．charged解析：选C。
present sb.with sth.“把……交给；颁发；授予〞。
4．Fever is a________of many illnesses.So I suggest you take it seriously and see a doctor as soon as possible.A．message B．symptomC．label D．clue解析：选B。
此题前一句意为“发烧是许多疾病的征兆(symptom)〞。
5．—Bob，shall we have a dinner out tonight?—I’m afraid I have not enough money with me.—Don’t worry.It’s my________.A．turn B．dutyC．treat D．order解析：选C。
大学英语作文-英语作文素材：专家呼吁限制垃圾食品广告
大学英语作文英语作文素材：专家呼吁限制垃圾食品广告Junk food ads account for two-thirds of televised advertisements for food that are shown when children are likely to be watching, researchers into obesity said Friday, based on a study of 11 countries.Germany and the United States led the way at 90 percent, with Britain and Australia the lowest at about 50 percent, the researchers said, urging governments to limit such marketing in order to combat obesity.“Internationally, children are exposed to high volumes of unhealthy food and beverage advertising on television,”Bridget Kelly, a nutrition researcher at the Cancer Council NSW in Australia, and colleagues told the European Congress on Obesity in Amsterdam.“Limiting this food marketing is an important preventative strategy for childhood obesity.”About 177 million children and teenagers under 18 yearsold worldwide are clinically overweight or obese. The figures include 22 million overweight children under five years old, according to the International Obesity Task Force.Obesity raises the risk of conditions like heart disease and type 2 diabetes, and the growing epidemic is piling pressure on many cash-strapped national health systems.Unhealthy lifestyles including high-calorie diets, poor exercise and hours spent in front of the television or computer have contributed to the surge in childhood obesity.“There is a lot of attention on unhealthy food marketing as an influence on childhood obesity and a lot of governments are reluctant to regulate,” Kelly said in an interview. “So most countries in the study don’t have regulations on food advertising.”The researchers, who looked at children in Australia, Asia, Eastern and Western Europe and North and South America, found that junk food ads mainly featuring fast food, confectionery and high-fat dairy foods increased during times young people were most likely to be watching.“Children see around 4,000 to 6,000 food advertisements on television a year and between 2,000 and 4,000 are for unhealthy foods,”Kelly said. “So even if you are incountries that are advertising less to children, that is still a lot.”While establishing a direct link between advertising and obesity is difficult, it is clear marketing plays a big role in the kinds of food children prefer, the researchers said.肥胖研究人员于上周五称，在儿童很可能看电视的时段播出的食品广告中，有三分之二是垃圾食品。
肥胖危害健康英语作文
肥胖危害健康英语作文Obesity is a growing concern worldwide, posing significant threats to both physical and mental health. In this essay, I will delve into the myriad ways in which obesity jeopardizes our well-being.Firstly, let's examine the physical health implications of obesity. One of the most glaring risks is the development of chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension. Excessive weight puts a strain on the body's organs and systems, leading to metabolic dysfunction and increased susceptibility to ailments. Moreover, obesity significantly raises the likelihood of experiencing joint problems and musculoskeletal disorders, impairing mobility and overall quality of life.Furthermore, obesity takes a toll on mental health. Individuals grappling with obesity often face social stigma and discrimination, which can erode self-esteem andcontribute to depression and anxiety. The societal pressure to conform to narrow beauty standards exacerbates these psychological struggles, fostering feelings of inadequacy and worthlessness.Beyond personal health consequences, obesity also exacts a hefty toll on healthcare systems and economies. The management of obesity-related illnesses places a considerable burden on healthcare resources, diverting funds and attention away from other pressing health issues. Moreover, absenteeism and reduced productivity stemming from obesity-related health problems diminish workforce efficiency, hampering economic growth.Addressing the obesity epidemic requires a multifaceted approach encompassing various stakeholders and strategies. Public health campaigns aimed at raising awareness about healthy lifestyle choices, including balanced nutrition and regular physical activity, are paramount. Additionally, policymakers must implement measures to promote access to nutritious foods and create environments conducive to physical activity, such as safe recreational spaces andactive transportation options.Furthermore, healthcare providers play a pivotal role in obesity prevention and management by offering tailored interventions and support services. This includes personalized dietary counseling, exercise prescriptions, and behavioral therapy to instill sustainable lifestyle changes. Embracing a holistic approach that addresses both the physical and psychological aspects of obesity is essential for long-term success.Education also plays a crucial role in combating obesity. By equipping individuals with the knowledge and skills to make informed decisions regarding their health, we empower them to take control of their well-being. School-based initiatives that promote healthy eating habits and physical education are particularly impactful in shaping lifelong behaviors.Moreover, fostering a culture of acceptance and inclusivity is imperative in mitigating the social stigma associated with obesity. By cultivating empathy andunderstanding, we can create environments where individuals feel supported in their journey towards better health, free from judgment and discrimination.In conclusion, obesity poses a significant threat to individual and societal well-being, encompassing a range of physical, mental, and economic consequences. Tackling this complex issue requires a concerted effort from policymakers, healthcare professionals, educators, and communities alike. By prioritizing prevention, promoting healthy lifestyles, and fostering supportive environments, we can stem the tide of obesity and cultivate a healthier future for generations to come.。
23年12月六级听力原文
“23年12月六级听力”原文如下：Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked (A) ,(B) ,(C) and(D) .Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Conversation OneM:Hello, Doctor.W:Hello, please take a seat. I have your test results here, and it's good news. (1) The blood test came back clear. There is no indication of any digestive issues.M:So then, why do I feel so poorly all the time?W:It's probably due to overwork and stress.M:No, it can't be. I've always been working hard, but I've never felt stress. Other people suffer and complain about that, but I don't. It must be something else.W:What you have just described is a common sentiment.(2 )Many people who suffer from stress fail to recognize it.You told me you often work long into the night, right?M:Yes, most days in fact. But I've been doing that forabout20years now.W:That doesn't matter. You could have been suffering from stress for20years without knowing it. And now it's catching up to you.M:But what about my feeling tired all the time, and not being able to sleep well at night?W:Those are common consequences of stress. And if you don't sleep well, then of course you will feel fatigued. (3) I'm going to prescribe some special sleeping pills for you.They have a soft, gentle effect, and are made from natural ingredients. So your stomach should tolerate them fine, and there shouldn't be any negative side effects. Take one with your dinner, and come see me after a month. If there is no improvement, I'll give you something stronger.M:Thank you, Doctor.W:That's not all. You should try and work less. Is there any way you can decrease your workload?M:Um, I'd have to think about it. I'm a restaurant manager, (4) and this industry is very competitive. There are many things to keep track of and stay on top of.W:I recommend you think about delegating some responsibilities to someone else. I'm not asking you to retire, just to slow down a bit. It's for your own health.Questions1to4are based on the conversation you have just heard.Q1.What do we learn about the man from his test results?Q2.What does the woman think is a common phenomenon among many people?Q3. What does the woman say she will do for the man?Q4.What does the man say about the industry he is engaged in?Conversation TwoW:Today on People in the News, our guest is John Williams. The name may not sound familiar to you, but John was once an acclaimed basketball player. John, you stunned fans by leaving the sport at just25. Why did you retire so early?M:Meg, (5-1)I loved being an athlete, but I didn't love being a celebrity.I was in the limelight when I was still a high school student, and went professional right after high school graduation, which was a mistake. (5-2) I was a shy kid, and I wasn't ready for all the media attention.W:But walking away from millions of dollars at the height of your career? Most people wouldn't be able to resist the lure of such a high salary. When you left the sport, there was speculation that you were having issues with your teammates, or even an injury.M:Not at all. It was hard to quit. I was tempted to stay in the game, because I loved basketball, and I loved my team. As for money, I turned professional at18, so I'd actually earned a lot and saved most of it,because I had great financial advisors. (6) I knew basketball wasn't a career with a lot of longevity for most players.So I wanted to change careers while I was still young.W:(7)Okay, that was20years ago, and you're back in the news.You've created a foundation that works to get more kids playing team sports. Why?M:(8) I went to university, and I studied public health and learned about the seriousness of the obesity epidemic, particularly among kids and adolescents in poor communities. I've spent the last two decades trying to alleviate the problem.The Foundation is just the latest attempt.W:The Foundation uses private donations to support basketball teams for girls and boys in primary school, right?M:Actually, we support teams for secondary school students, too. And also have some public funding.Questions5to8are based on the conversation you have just heard.Q5.Why did John Williams leave the sport of basketball at just25?Q6.What does the man say about basketball as a career for most players?Q7.What do we learn from the woman about John Williams20years later?Q8.What has the man spent the last two decades trying to do?Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) ,B) ,C) and D) .Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Passage OneKate Atkinson was born in York, England in1951. She worked hard to gain her credentials as an author. She studied English literature at University in Scotland. After graduating in1974, she researched a doctorate on American literature. Later, she taught at the university she graduated from, and began writing short stories in1981. (9) She began writing for women's magazines after winning the1986Women's Own Short Story Competition.Her first novel, , won the1995UK Book of the Year award. The book is set in Yorkshire and has been adapted for radio, theatre, and TV. She has written two plays for a theatre in Edinburgh. The first was called and the second, , performed as part of the Edinburgh Festival in August2000.(10)Whatever genre Atkinson writes in, her books touch on the themes of love and loss and how to carry on.They are always presented with ingenuity and a wicked sense of humor. Her books tend to bepopulated by odd, sometimes sinful, and generally flawed eccentrics who become credible by virtue of being so fully realized.Her books have frequently been described as comedies of manners. That is to say, comedies that represent the complex and sophisticated code of behavior current in fashionable circles of society，where appearances count more than true moral character. (11) A comedy of manners tends to reward its clever and deceitful characters, rather than punish their bad deeds.The humor of a comedy of manners relies on verbal wit and playful teasing.Questions9to11are based on the passage you have just heard.Q9.When did Kate Atkinson begin to write for women's magazines?Q10.What did Kate Atkinson's books touch on?Q11.What do we learn about the clever and deceitful characters in a comedy of manners?Passage Two(12-1) Why is adaptability an important skill to exercise in the workplace?(12-2) Simply put, adaptability is a skill employers are increasingly looking for.When you spend time learning a new task rather than resisting it, your productivity goes up. You can also serve as an example to your coworkers who may be having trouble adapting, and can help lead your team forward.Strategy consultant, Dorie Clark, explains it to us this way: “I'd say that adaptability is an important skill in the workplace because, frankly, circumstances change—competitors introduce new products, the economy might enter a recession, customer preferences differ over time, and more. If you shake your fist at the sky and say,‘why can't it stay the same?!’,that's not going to do very much good. Instead, you need to recognize when circumstances have changed so you can take appropriate action based on what is, rather than how you wish the world would be.(13) That enables you to make more accurate,informed,and effective choices.”Also, the workplace itself has been evolving. (14) Today's work culture and management style is often based on teamwork, rather than a rigid hierarchy.Brainstorming, which requires creativity, flexibility, and emotional intelligence, is a typical problem-solving technique. Employees who are unable or unwilling to participate will not easily move forward in the company.Employees who are flexible demonstrate other skills too. (15) They can reprioritize quickly when changes occur and suggest additional modifications when something is not working.They can also regroup quickly when a setback occurs, adapting to the new situation confidently and without overreacting.Questions12to15are based on the passage you have just heard.Q12.Why does the speaker say adaptability is an important skill to exercise in the workplace?Q13.What does adaptability enable us to do according to strategy consultant Dorie Clark?Q14.What do we learn about today's work culture from the passage?Q15.What are employees with adaptability able to do when changes occur?Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions.The recordings will be played only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) ,B) ,C) and D) .Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Recording One(16) What makes humans different from other species?Some philosophers argue it's morals or ethics, while some scientists assert it's our greater cognitive development. But I argue that the main difference is our desire to combat routine. This makes being creative a biological mandate, as what we seek in art and technology is surprise, not simply a fulfillment of expectations. As a result, a wild imaginationhas characterized the history of our species:we build intricate habitats, devise complex recipes for our food, wear clothes that reflect constant changes in fashion, communicate with elaborate signs, symbols and sounds, and travel between habitats on wings and wheels of our own design.To satisfy our appetite for novelty, innovation is key.But who innovates?Now, many people, both laymen and experts, believe that only geniuses innovate. (17) But I believe that innovation is not something that only a few people do.The innovative drive lives in every human brain, and the resulting war against the repetitive is what powers the massive changes that distinguish one generation from the next. The drive to create the new is a trait of being human. We build cultures by the hundreds and tell new stories by the millions. We create and surround ourselves with things that have never existed before, while animals do not.But where do our new ideas come from?According to many, new ideas come from seemingly nowhere, to great minds. From this perspective, new ideas are almost like magic. They come in a flash of inspiration to a select few. However, the reality is that, across the spectrum of human activities, prior work propels the creative process. We may think of innovation as being the result ofinspiration or genius, but it's really the result of developing the ideas of others further. This happens in technology where one invention enables or inspires further inventions. And it happens in the arts, as writers, composers, and painters use the work of previous artists in their own work. (18) The human brain works from precedent. We take the ideas we've inherited and put them together into some new shape.What is a true creator? Is a creator a genius who makes something out of nothing?No. Creators are simply humans who use what they inherit who absorb the past and manipulate it to create possible futures. Thus, humans are creators as a rule rather than as an exception.Questions16to18are based on the recording you have just heard.Q16.What question does the speaker address in this talk?Q17.What does the speaker believe about innovation?Q18.How does the human brain work according to the speaker?Recording Two(19) Many dog owners will tell you that their dog somehow knows when they're ill or upset, and, according to researchers who study dog cognition, those pet owners are right.Dogs do know when their human companions are having a rough time. Not only can your dog sense when you have a cold, but domestic dogs have shown an aptitude for detecting both much smaller moodfluctuations and far more serious physical conditions.This is because dogs are extremely sensitive to changes in the people they're familiar with, and illness causes change.(20)If a person is infected with a virus or bacteria, for example, their odour will be abnormal, and dogs are able to smell that change even if a human can't, because dogs have a much more powerful sense of smell than humans.Researchers have also found that a person's mood, which can be an indicator of a larger illness, triggers a dog's sense of smell. Human emotions manifest physically in chemical signals that are emitted by the body, and dogs are able to smell those as well.Beyond smell, dogs gather information from a person's voice in order to sense changes. In2014, researchers discovered that dogs have an area of the brain,similar to one in humans,that allows them to understand emotional cues in the tone of a speaker's voice, beyond what they'd be able to pick up from familiar words alone. A person's voice can also carry indicators of illness.What's not understood quite so well is what dogs understand about these changes. Humans send out lots of cues, but whether dogs know some of these cues mean “illness”isn't clear. What we perceive as concern on a dog's part might be more like increased curiosity or suspicion that something is wrong with us, and sticking close by is a great way to gather more information about the situation.Some researchers assert dogs will one day help doctors diagnose diseases, as some dogs have already demonstrated the ability to detect an assortment of ailments, including diabetes and certain types of cancer.But those researchers concede that's probably in the distant future.(21)For now, research suggests dog ownership can have an array of benefits in and of itself. Keeping a pet dog has been shown to bolster health and boost mood.Dogs also help people relax, and they can be a particular comfort to those with chronic diseases.Questions19to21are based on the recording you have just heard.Q19.What view of many dog owners wins support from researchers studying dog cognition?Q20.Why can dogs detect their owner's abnormal odor according to the speaker?Q21.What does research suggest, for now, about dog ownership?Recording Three(22) Earlier this month, the think-tank called Onward published a report,“A Question of Degree”, which argues that degrees in the creative arts are not good value for money.Ministers, according to Onward, should “crack down on courses that offer extremely limited value for money to students ten years after graduation”, restricting the ability of such courses to recruit newstudents, if the average graduate earns below the student loans payment threshold.Courses like science, technology, engineering, and math, and economics, where the average graduate earns a lot, should be favored.The report provides insight into a government review which looks at how to reform technical education and how to ensure students get good value for money.(23) At first glance, it might even seem like Onward have a point.According to their data, the majority of creative arts students earn less than£25, 000a year,ten years after graduation. The average male creative arts students, indeed, apparently earn much less than they would,had they simply never gone to university.This isn't really good for anyone—and it's certainly no good for graduates, who are forced to endure a lifestyle where they can never save up, never buy a house, never hope to retire.Onward have identified a real problem. Creative arts graduates from top universities like Oxford, with a high proportion of privately-educated students, have fairly good work prospects,(24) while 40percent of all graduates—regardless of their degree—are on less than£25, 000a year,five years after graduation.(25) This suggests that the problem isn't really to do with specific students studying specific degrees, but really with the economy as a whole.Regardless of what they've studied, young people find it hard toget ahead, unless they're lucky enough to be born with successful parents.If ministers want to make education pay for young people, they need to look beyond the higher education sector,towards the wider world.The rewards that education gives us are not measurable—they are not always instantly obvious, and certainly not always direct. An education makes you a different person from the one you would have been if you hadn't received it. We need to look at the value of education not in the context of a bank balance, but of a life. If we continue to allow ourselves to be distracted with talk of “value for money”, we will all be made poorer as a result.Questions22to25are based on the recording you have just heard.Q22.What does Onward's report propose ministers should do?Q23.What does the speaker think of Onward's arguments?Q24.What do we learn about British college graduates,five years after graduation?Q25.What does the speaker say actually accounts for the problem identified by Onward?。
2024北京高三一模英语汇编：阅读理解C篇
2024北京高三一模英语汇编阅读理解C篇一、阅读理解（2024北京门头沟高三一模）Artificial intelligence is almost twice as accurate as a biopsy (活组织检查) at judging the aggressiveness of some cancers, experts say. Cancer kills 10 million people globally every year, according to the WHO. But for patients the disease can be prevented if detected instantly and dealt with quickly.A recent study suggested an AI algorithm (算法) was far better than a biopsy at correctly grading the aggressiveness of sarcomas (肉瘤), a rare form of cancer. Researchers hope AI will improve outcomes for patients by giving doctors a more accurate way of grading tumours (肿瘤). Because high-grade tumours can indicate aggressive disease, the tool could help ensure those high-risk patients are identified more quickly and treated instantly. Low-risk patients could also be spared unnecessary treatments, follow-up scans and hospital visits.Researchers say the algorithm could be applied to other types of cancer in future. The team specifically looked at retroperitoneal sarcomas, which develop at the back of the abdomen and are difficult to diagnose (诊断) and treat due to their location. They used CT scans from 170 patients with the two most common forms of retroperitoneal sarcoma — leiomyosarcoma and liposarcoma. Using data from these scans they created an AI algorithm, which was then tested on 89 patients in other countries. In grading how aggressive the tumour was, the technology was accurate in 82% of the cases, while biopsies were 44%.AI could also recognize leiomyosarcoma and liposarcoma in 84% of sarcomas tested, while radiologists were able to identify them in 65% of the cases. Christina Messiou, the study leader, said: “We’re incredibly excited by the potential of this state-of-the-art technology, which could lead to patients having better outcomes through faster diagnosis. As patients with retroperitoneal sarcoma are routinely scanned with CT, we hope this tool will eventually be used globally, ensuring that not just specialist centres can reliably identify and grade the disease.”Richard Davison, chief executive of Sarcoma UK, said the results looked “very promising”. He added: “People are more likely to survive sarcoma if diagnosed early. One in six people with sarcoma cancer wait more than a year to receive an accurate diagnosis, so any research that helps patients receive better treatment and support is welcome.”1．According to the passage, AI is capable of .A．grading the risk of sarcomasB．measuring the scale of sarcomasC．providing cancer treatment for cliniciansD．classifying cancers with its advanced algorithm2．What can be inferred from this passage?A．More sarcomas can be detected with the help of AI.B．Biopsies will be replaced by AI algorithm in identifying cancers.C．More patients suffering from cancers will benefit from AI algorithm.D．AI algorithm has been applied in hospitals for detecting most cancers.3．What is the passage mainly about?A．AI has a profound market in curing cancers.B．New treatments for sarcomas are well underway.C．AI helps identify high-risk and low-risk patients.D．AI does better in assessing some types of sarcomas.（2024北京延庆高三一模）EVs are in the middle of an obesity epidemic Fisker, an electric vehicle, unveiled the future line-up on August 3rd. It included: a souped-up, off-road version of the Ocean. Though Fisker says sustainability is one of its founding principles, it is indulging in a trait almost universal among car firms: building bigger, stronger cars, even when they are electric.There are two reasons for this. The first is profit. As with conventional cars, bigger EVs generate higher margins. The second is consumer preference. For decades, drivers have been opting for SUVs and pickup trucks rather than smaller cars, and this now applies to battery-charged ones. EV drivers, who worry about the availability of charging infrastructure, want more range, hence bigger batteries. That may help make for a more reassuring ride. But eventually the supersizing trend will prove to be unsustainable and unsafe.For now, carmakers can argue that however big the electric rigs, they have a positive impact on the planet. Though manufacturing EVs—including sourcing the metals and minerals that go into them—generates more greenhouse gases than a conventional car, they quickly compensate for that through the absence of tallpipe emissions.But in the long run the trend for bigger butteries may backfire, for economic and environmental reasons. First, the bigger the battery, the more pressure there will be on the supply chain. If battery sizes increase there are likely to be looming seareitles of lithium and nickel. That will push up the cost of lithium-ion batteries, undermining carmakers’ profitability. Second, to charge bigger batteries in a carbon-neutral way requires more low-carbon electricity. That may create bottlenecks on the grid. Third, the more pressure on scarce resources vital for EV production, the harder it will be to make affordable electric cars critical for electrifying the mass market. That will slow the overall decarbonisation of transport. Finally, there is safety. Not only is a battle tank that does zero to 100 kilometres per hour in the blink of an eye a liability for anyone that happens to be in its way.Governments have ways to encourage EVs to shrink. The most important is to support the expansion of charging infrastructure, which would reduce range anxiety and promote smaller cars. Taxes could punish heavier vehicles and subsidies could promote lighter ones.Ultimately, the industry is almost sure to realise the folly of pursuing size for its own sake. The penny is starting to drop. Ford’s CEO, Jim Farley, recently said carmakers could not make money with the longest-range batteries. His opposite number at General Motors, Mary Barra, has taken the unexpected step of reversing a plan to retire the affordable Chevy Bolt EV. In Europe, carmakers like V olkswagen are building smaller, cheaper EVs. Tesla is said to be planning a compact model made in Mexico.4．Consumers want EVs with more range and bigger batteries because ______.A．they can bring more profitsB．they can reduce tailpipe emissionsC．they are more secureD．there are insufficient charging facilities for them5．From the passage, we know that ______.A．Rising cost of batteries will increase profitabilityB．Conventional cars produce more greenhouse gases than EVs in productionC．Bigger batteries may create more pressure on the supply chainD．The demand on scarce resources in EVs makes electric cars more affordable6．What is the passage trying to tell us?A．Lighter electric vehicles should be encouraged.B．Bigger, stronger cars are safer and more sustainable.C．Supersizing electric vehicles have a positive impact on the planet.D．EVs with bigger batteries may help make for a more comfortable ride.（2024北京延庆高三一模）It is rapidly emerging as one of the most important technological, and increasingly ideological, divides of our times: should powerful generative artificial intelligence systems be open or closed?Supporters say they broaden access to the technology, stimulate innovation and improve reliability by encouraging outside scrutiny. Far cheaper to develop and deploy, smaller open models also inject competition into a field dominated by big US companies such as Google. Microsoft and OpenAI that have invested billions developing massive, closed and closely controlled generative Al systems.But detractors argue open models risk lifting the lid on a Pandora’s box of troubles. Bad actors can exploit them to spread personalised disinformation, while terrorists might use them to manufacture cyber or bio weapons. “The danger of open source is that it enables more crazies to do crazy things, “Geoffrey Hinton, one of the pioneers of modern AI, has warned.The history of OpenAI, which developed the popular ChatGPT chatbot, is itself instructive. As its name suggests, the research company was founded in 2015 with a commitment to develop the technology as openly as possible. But it later abandoned that approach for both competitive and safety reasons. Once OpenAI realised that its generative AI models were going to be “unbelievably potent”, it made little sense to open source them, Ilya Sutskever, OpenAI’s chief scientist said.Supporters of open models hit back, ridiculing the idea that open generative AI models enable people to access information they could not otherwise find from the internet or a rogue scientist. They also highlight the competitive self-interest of the big tech companies in shouting about the dangers of open models, whose intention is to establish their own market dominance strongly.But there is an ideological dimension to this debate, too. Yann LeCun, chief scientist of Meta, has likened the arguments for controlling the technology to medieval obscurantism (蒙昧主义): the belief that only a self-selecting priesthood of experts is wise enough to handle knowledge.In the future, all our interactions with the vast digital repository of human knowledge will be mediated through Al systems. We should not want a handful of Silicon Valley companies to control that access. Just as the internet flourished by resisting attempts to enclose it, so AI will thrive by remaining open, LeCun argues.Wendy Hall, royal professor of computer science at Southampton university, says we do not want to live in a world where only the big companies run generative Al. Nor do we want to allow users to do anything they like with open models. “We have to find some compromise,” she suggests.We should certainly resist the tyranny (暴政) of the binary (二进制) when it comes to thinking about AI models. Both open and closed models have their benefits and flaws. As the capabilities of these models evolve, we willconstantly have to tweak the weightings between competition and control.7．What does the underlined word “potent” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?A．Accessible. B．Powerful. C．Significant. D．Unnoticeable.8．What can we learn from this passage?A．It needs billions of dollars to develop and deploy open-source models.B．The field of generative AI systems is dominated by big companies.C．Only self-selecting experts can handle open models wisely.D．Users can do anything they like with open models at this moment.9．Regarding Wendy Hall’s suggestions, the author is ______.A．sympathetic B．puzzled C．unconcerned D．opposed10．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A．How to Keep the Lid on the Pandora’s Box of Open AIB．Divides on Open AI: technology and ideologyC．Where does the Debate on Open AI EndD．Pros and Cons of Open AI（2024北京门头沟高三一模）A recent global study, which surveyed 10,000 young people from 10 countries, showed that nearly 60 percent of them were extremely worried about the future state of the planet. The report, which was published in The Lancet, also showed that nearly half of the respondents said that such distress affected them daily, and three quarters agreed with the statement that “the future is frightening.” This, along with many other studies, shows clearly that climate change is not just a threat to the environment that we inhabit. It also poses a very real threat to our emotional well-being. Psychologists have categorized these feelings of grief and worry about the current climate emergency, a common occurrence among youth today, under the label of “eco-anxiety”.Eco-anxiety doesn’t just affect young people. It also affects researchers who work in climate and ecological science, burdened by the reality depicted by their findings, and it affects the most economically marginalized (边缘化的) across the globe, who bear the damaging impacts of climate breakdown.In 2024, eco-anxiety will rise to become one of the leading causes of mental health problems. The reasons are obvious. Scientists estimate that the world is likely to breach safe limits of temperature rise above pre-industrial levels for the first time by 2027.In recent years, we’ve seen wildfires tear through Canada and Greece, and summer floods ruin regions in Pakistan that are home to nearly 33 million people. Studies have shown that those impacted by air pollution and rising temperatures are more likely to experience psychological distress.To make matters worse, facing climate crisis, our political class is not offering strong leadership. The COP28 conference in Dubai will be headed by an oil and gas company executive. In the UK, the government is backtracking on its green commitments.Fortunately, greater levels of eco-anxiety will also offer an avenue for resolving the climate crisis directly. According to Caroline Hickman, a researcher on eco-anxiety from the University of Bath, anyone experiencing eco-anxiety is displaying entirely natural and rational reactions to the climate crisis. This is why, in 2024, we will also see more people around the world join the fight for climate justice and seek jobs that prioritize environmentalsustainability. Campaigners will put increased pressure on fossil fuel industries and the governments to rapidly abandon the usage of polluting coal, oil, and gas.It’s now clear that not only are these industries the main causes for the climate crisis, they are also responsible for the mental health crisis, which is starting to affect most of us. Eco-anxiety is not something we will defeat with therapy, but something we will tackle by taking action.11．What can we learn from the passage?A．The cause of eco-anxiety is emotions existing in our mind.B．People in developed countries are more likely to suffer from eco-anxiety.C．Eco-anxiety is a new kind of psychological disease due to climate change.D．The author is disappointed about government behaviour towards climate crisis.12．What does the underlined word “breach” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A．Break.B．Reach.C．Raise.D．Affect.13．As for Caroline Hickman’s opinion on eco-anxiety, the author is .A．puzzled B．favourable C．suspicious D．unconcerned14．What would be the best title for the passage?A．Who Is to Blame for Eco-anxiety?B．How Should You See Eco-anxiety?C．How Will Eco-anxiety Be Resolved?D．Why Do People Suffer from Eco-anxiety?（2024北京东城高三一模）Research spanning several decades demonstrates that you are more likely to think the information that is repeated to be true than the information you hear only once. You usually assume that if people put in effort to repeat a statement, this reflects the truth of the statement. This tendency-also called the truth effect-is a bias （偏见）that can lead you to draw incorrect conclusions.To what degree are people aware of the truth effect? This question was addressed in a paper in the journal Cognition early this year.In the critical study in this paper, participants did two sessions. In one session, they read about a hypothetical （虚构的）study in which they were exposed to some statements and then were asked whether both statements they had heard before as well as these new statements were true. They were asked to predict the proportion （比例）of each statement that would be judged as true. They did this both as a prediction of other people's performance as well as a prediction of how they would do in this study.At another session a few days later, participants actually performed this study, reading a set of 20 statements in the hypothetical study again and then judging the truth of altogether 40 statements, half of which were from the hypothetical study and the other half of which were new.This study did replicate the well known truth effect. People were more likely to judge statements they had seen before as true than statements that were new. Two interesting findings emerged from the prediction. First, participants tended to underestimate the size of the truth effect for everyone. T hat is, while they did expect some difference in judgments between the statements seen before and those that were new, they thought this difference would be smaller than it actually was. Second, participants more significantly underpredicted the truth effect for themselves comparedto that for other people.This study is particularly important in light of the amount of misinformation present in social media. Many people have the power to influence public opinion about important matters. Flooding social media feeds with misinformation will lead people to believe this information is true just because it is stated. Recognizing that we are all susceptible to this influence of repeated information should lead us to mistrust our intuition （直觉）about what is true and to look up important information prior to using it to make important judgments and decisions.15. In the first paragraph, the author intends to ______.A. clarify a misconceptionB. present a phenomenonC. challenge a statementD. confirm a theory16. What can we learn from the study?A. Impacts of the truth effect require further studies.B. Making predictions before judgments is significant.C. People have hardly any awareness of the truth effect.D. People tend to believe they can make wiser judgments.17. What does the word "susceptible" underlined in the last paragraph most probably mean?A. Critical.B. Subject.C. Opposed.D. Adapted.（2024北京西城高三一模）Evan Selinger, professor in RIT's Department of Philosophy, has taken an interest in the ethics （伦理标准）of Al and the policy gaps that need to be filled in. Through a humanities viewpoint, Selinger asks the questions, "How can AI cause harm, and what can governments and companies creating Al programs do to address and manage it?" Answering them, he explained, requires an interdisciplinary approach."AI ethics go beyond technical fixes. Philosophers and other humanities experts are uniquely skilled to address the nuanced （微妙的）principles, value conflicts, and power dynamics. These skills aren't just crucial for addressing current issues. We desperately need them to promote anticipatory（先行的）governance, " said Selinger.One example that illustrates how philosophy and humanities experts can help guide these new, rapidly growing technologies is Selinger's work collaborating with a special AI project. "One of the skills I bring to the table is identifying core ethical issues in emerging technologies that haven't been built or used by the public. We can take preventative steps to limit risk, including changing how the technology is designed, "said Selinger.Taking these preventative steps and regularly reassessing what risks need addressing is part of the ongoing journey in pursuit of creating responsible AI. Selinger explains that there isn't a step-by-step approach for good governance. "AI ethics have core values and principles, but there's endless disagreement about interpreting and applying them and creating meaningful accountability mechanisms, " said Selinger. "Some people are rightly worried that AI can become integrated into 'ethics washing'-weak checklists, flowery mission statements, and empty rhetoric that covers over abuses of power. Fortunately, I've had great conversations about this issue, including with some experts, on why it is important to consider a range of positions. "Some of Selinger's recent research has focused on the back-end issues with developing AI, such as the human impact that comes with testing AI chatbots before they're released to the public. Other issues focus on policy, such as what to do about the dangers posed by facial recognition and other automated surveillance（监视）approaches.Selinger is making sure his students are informed about the ongoing industry conversations on AI ethics and responsible AI. "Students are going to be future tech leaders. Now is the time to help them think about what goalstheir companies should have and the costs of minimizing ethical concerns. Beyond social costs, downplaying ethics can negatively impact corporate culture and hiring, " said Selinger. "To attract top talent, you need to consider whether your company matches their interests and hopes for the future. "18. Selinger advocates an interdisciplinary approach because ____.A. humanities experts possess skills essential for AI ethicsB. it demonstrates the power of anticipatory governanceC. AI ethics heavily depends on technological solutionsD. it can avoid social conflicts and pressing issues19. To promote responsible AI, Selinger believes we should ______.A. adopt a systematic approachB. apply innovative technologiesC. anticipate ethical risks beforehandD. establish accountability mechanisms20. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?A. More companies will use AI to attract top talent.B. Understanding AI ethics will help students in the future.C. Selinger favors companies that match his students' values.D. Selinger is likely to focus on back-end issues such as policy.（2024北京石景山高三一模）It's a known fact that emissions（排放物）from gas-powered vehicles are harming the atmosphere. In response to this, Porsche, the German sports car company, began producing e-fuels at a pilot plant in Chile last year. Currently, the fuel will be used only in sports cars at Porsche's performance and experience centers.E-fuels are made by passing electricity through water. The electricity separates the hydrogen and oxygen from water. The hydrogen is then mixed with CO₂ to produce a liquid e-fuel, which can be produced using many renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power. E-fuels follow the chemical structure of gasoline, making it possible for gas-powered cars to run on e-fuels almost without any change.E-fuels can help ease the transform away from gas-powered cars, for those who may not be able to afford electric vehicles (EV). It will also help to reduce waste by keeping gas-powered cars in service, instead of throwing them away prematurely. Additionally, the use of e-fuels will not require new facility to be built unlike EVs. Existing gas stations and cars will be able to stay in use, which is already a big saving.Despite the many benefits, opinions differ on whether e-fuels are truly eco-friendly. E-fuels are widely said to be nearly carbon neutral（碳中和）, although an independent study indicates that e-fuels release the same amount of CO₂ as gasoline. Since e-fuels are still being developed and tested, their true impacts are still unknown. Meanwhile, e-fuels are very expensive to produce, partly due to energy loss during production. Unfortunately, only about half of the energy used in producing e-fuels is actually transformed into fuel. Additionally, only about 16% of the energy used in e-fuel production is actually used to power the car. Whereas, about 70% of energy is preserved when powering an EV. Even though the use of e-fuels will preserve existing facility, it will still take time and money to integrate it into everyday life. Currently, the price of e-fuels is nearly double the cost of regular fuel.E-fuels are still a work in progress. Though opinions are divided on e-fuels, with more testing and development, they have been considered another way to help fight against the climate crisis. "There are currently more than 1.3 billion vehicles with combustion（内燃）engines worldwide. Many of these will be on the roads fordecades to come, and e-fuels offer the owners of existing cars a nearly carbon-neutral alternative. With the e-fuels pilot plant, Porsche is playing a leading role in this development," said Michael Steiner, member of the Executive Board for Development and Research at Porsche AG.21. What can we learn from this passage?A. E-fuels release no CO₂.B. E-fuels were tested in Germany at first.C. E-fuels are applicable to gas-powered cars.D. E-fuels need to be mixed with CO₂ in actual use.22. The author quotes Michael Steiner mainly to ______.A. draw a conclusion'.B. present an opinionC. further a discussionD. provide a solution23. What is the author's attitude towards e-fuels?A. Positive.B. Dismissive.C. Doubtful.D. Objective.（2024北京丰台高三一模）Time is one of humanity's greatest blind spots. We experience it as days, months. or years. But nature functions on much grander scales, measured in centuries, and even longer phases often grouped as “deep time.” Humanity's shortsightedness around time creates major limits on modern conservation. As the climate and biodiversity crises accelerate, we are urgently working to protect and regenerate ecosystems without understanding how they functioned when they were truly doing well. A deep time perspective can help change that.Take forest management. For decades, our practices called for all-out prevention of even the mildest forest fires, believing that fire was bad for both people and nonhuman nature. Until recently we ignored the forest management strategies indigenous (土著的) communities had successfully used for centuries, in particular the application of small-scale controlled burns. Fire, it turns out, has always been an integral ingredient in healthy forest ecosystems, promoting new growth by thinning the understory. Today, we're beginning to see widespread application of indigenous knowledge to forest management, tapping into this ancient wisdom.But how can we know what an ecosystem looked like centuries ago? One pathway is through modern mathematical modeling. We have married it with streams of long-term data and discovered a possible way to preserve the ecosystem of California's kelp forest By examining how North Pacific kelp forests existed long before the 19th century, we found that we've ignored the presence of a keystone species—the Steller's sea cow, and its role in maintaining the harmony of this ecosystem.Our model described the interactions between giant kelp and understory algae competing for light and space on the seafloor. Then we ran the model again, but this time with the Steller's sea cow added in. These mammals fed on the leaves from the upper kelp layers. This allowed light to reach the sea bottom, which in turn stimulated the growth of not only the kelp but other kinds of organisms. In re-creating that vanished historical system that included the Steller's sea cow, we could see a more diverse forest where the understory competed better with kelp.In short, what we assume we know about an ecosystem based on the recent past may impede our ability to fully understand and protect it. To ensure that our boldest conservation efforts are successful, we must begin looking at time as an essential tool.24.According to the passage, what gets in the way of human's conservation efforts?A. Lack of insights into deep timeB. The worsening of biodiversity crisesC. The blindness to management strategies.D. Resistance to taking a deep time perspective.25.What can we learn from the passage?A. Ignoring the Steller's sea cow led to ecological imbalance.B. People now prioritize fire prevention over controlled burns.C. Mathematical modeling matters more than indigenous knowledgeD. Harvesting upper kelp leaves encourages fresh growth in the understory.26. What does the underlined word “impede” in the last paragraph probably mean?A. Bring forth.B. Boost up.C. Shut down.D. Hold back.参考答案1．A 2．C 3．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。
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Policy Challenges
• Built Environment • Care Management
Policy Challenges
Built Environment
• Worksite
“Network phenomena
appear to be relevant to the biologic and behavioral trait of obesity, and obesity appears to spread through social ties. These findings have implications for clinical and public health interventions.”
Michael D. Parkinson, MD, MPH Chief Health and Medical Officer Lumenos
The Many Benefits of Lifestyle Change
New Value Proposition
Exercise
Benefits of Exercise
Lifestyle
Adequate Sleep Stress Management
LifeStyle
………………
Lifestyle modification the combination of •a proper diet •physical activity •behavior therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for obesity
Source: HealthDay News, June 23, 2007
How Does Obesity Cause Disease?
Toxic Adiposity •Excess production of hormones from fat •Angiotensinogen •Estrogen •TNF-alpha •Leptin •Insulin •IL-1 •Inflammation
Cities Study Dearth of Healthy Food “Some areas suffer a grocery gap: They’re rife with fast food but lack fruits, vegetables…” USA Today Jan. 25, 2008
Miscellaneous Facts
•The prevalence of diabetes increases in a dose-response relationship with increasing BMI. BMI > 35. 38% of the excess risk of diabetes could be avoided if their BMI did not exceed 30. (Int.J. Obesity & Related Metabolic Disorders, 2000) •Average medical costs for an individual with diabetes are $10,071/yr. compared to $2,669 for a person without diabetes. (American Diabetes Association 2002) •As smoking increased the rate of diabetes increased for men and women. > 2 packs/day increased risk 47% in men and 74% in women compared to nonsmokers. (Int. J. Epidemiology, 2001) •Stress management (lowered HbA1c 0.5%, n=108) improves long-term glycemic control in type-2 diabetics (Diabetes Care, 2002)
Federal
Local Community
Healthy Diet
Exercise
POLICY
Employer Worksite
Lifestyle
Adequate Sleep Stress Management
Critical Path
DIABETES
OBESITY
E
Primary prevention and management of overweight and physical inactivity offer potential as costcontrol strategies
Source: CDC, 2005
Where the discussion should lead
Diabetes
Chronic
Cancer
Heart Disease
Presenteeism
Premature Death
Obesity
Absenteeism
Conditions
Osteoarthritis
POLICY
Strategies to Overcome and Prevent (STOP) Obesity Alliance new policy recommendations
1. Redefining Success 2. Encouraging Innovation and Best Practices in Obesity
(Int.J. Obesity & Related Metabolic Disorders, 2000)
Tale of Two Epidemics "Increases in diabetes cases have been going on for 15 years, and it doesn't look like it's slowing down." Dr. Linda Geiss, Chief of Diabetes Surveillance CDC believes the diabetes epidemic is largely being driven by obesity…
Study; n=3,284)
Matter of Choices
CHRONIC CONDITIONS Manage chronic conditions and treat the complications OR Help people with lifestyle and avoid majority of these problems altogether
IOM Workshop on death/lifestyle (2004) M. McGinnis
Lifestyle: Current State of Affairs
.
•More than 50% of U.S. adults do not get enough physical activity to provide health benefits •Insufficient physical activity is not limited to adults. About two-thirds of young people in grades 9–12 are not engaged in recommended levels of physical activity. •Activity decreases among those with lower incomes and less education. •In 2005, only one-fourth of U.S. adults ate five or more servings of fruits and vegetables each day.
Policy Challenges
Care Management
• Build awareness and understanding to shape policy • Lifestyle services need to be a core offering • Articulate a new Value Proposition
Implications of the Obesity Epidemic February 4, 2008
Dexter Shurney, MD, MBA, MPH SVP/CMO
Where the discussion should lead
Diabetes
Chronic
Cancer
Heart Disease
Treatment
3. Addressing and Reducing Stigma as a Barrier to Obesity
Treatment
4. Broadening the Research Agenda for Obesity
.
NEJM 2007;357:370-9
• Culture of Health • Incentives • Wellness programs and
services
• Addressing the Family Unit • Community Involvement and Change • Affordable Healthy Food
Where the discussion should lead
Diabetes
Chronic
Cancer
Heart Disease
Presenteeism
Premature Death