2013年10月自学考试英语二真题试卷答案详解

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2013年10月自考英语(二)真题及解析

2013年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷（课程代码00015）本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。

考生答题注意事项：1．本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。

答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。

2．第一部分为选择题。

必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。

3．第二部分为非选择题。

必须注明大、小题号。

使用0. 5毫来黑色字迹签宇笔作答。

4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。

第一部分选择题一、阅读判断（第1-10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后刊出了10个句子，请报据短文内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。

在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。

未涂、错涂、多涂或少涂均无分。

Farms Appear in CitiesWhen you hear the word‘‘farm”, you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops.（1）But scientists say the farms of the future could be built in tall buildings in some large cities.It may be difficult to believe but in fact the technology for growing crops indoors already exists. Farming in the city is already happening. （2）Some vegetables are already grown in greenhouses. Even the scientists at the South Pole research station can enjoy fresh vegetables they grow in their own greenhouse.（3）Experts say indoor farming solves many problems. First, traditional farmingtakes up a lot of land. Growing crops in tall buildings-called vertical farming（垂直农业）can solve the problem.（4）Also, and vegetables grown indoors would not face serious threats from insects and bad weather.（6）Though vertical farms don't exist yet, experts have created a plan for recycling in such farms. The water from indoor fish ponds would be used to water crops. Gases from crop waste would be used to heat the building. Waste from chicken or pigs would be reused as a source of energy.（7）But experts believe vertical farming is not going to be easy.（8）They say it can be difficult to control climate conditions indoors. Besides, plants differ in their weather and lighting needs.（9）For example. Some plants like warm, sunny weather, but other plants prefer cooler temperatures.T hat’s not to say these difficulties won’t be overcome—but it will take time. Most experts suggest it may take about 5 to 15 years before the first vertical farms could be created.（10）1.The word “farm” may make you think of the countryside.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not Given答案：A解析：根据第一段第一句“When you hear the word “farm”, you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops.”关键词“imagine the countryside”，可知看到农场这个词会想起乡村。

自考《英语二》2013年10月真题解析

2013年10月真题解析2013年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷真题解析（课程代码00015）本试卷分为选择题和非选择题两部分，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。

第一部分为选择题。

考生必须在“答题卡”上按要求填涂作答。

第二部分为非选择题。

第一部分选择题一、阅读判断（第1—10题，共10分）短文后列出10个句子，根据短文内容判断每个句子。

A是正确，B是错误，C是文中未提及。

2013年10月自考英语二试题整理

2013年10月自考英语二试题及答案绝密★启用前0032013年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷（课程代码00015）本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。

考生答题注意事项：1．本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。

答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。

2．第一部分为选择题。

必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。

3．第二部分为非选择题。

必须注明大、小题号。

使用0. 5毫来黑色字迹签宇笔作答。

4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。

第一部分选择题一、阅读判断（繁1-10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后刊出了10个句子，请报据短文内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A：如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B：如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。

在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。

未涂、错涂、多涂或少涂均无分。

Farms Appear in CitiesWhen you hear the word‘‘farm”, you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops.（1）But scientists say the farms of the future could be built in tall buildings in some large cities.It may be difficult to believe but in fact the technology for growing crops indoors already exists. Farming in the city is already happening. （2）Some vegetables are already grown in greenhouses. Even the scientists at the South Pole research station can enjoy fresh vegetables they grow in their own greenhouse.（3）Experts say indoor farming solves many problems. First, traditional farming takes up a lot of land. Growing crops in tall buildings-called vertical farming（垂直农业）can solve the problem.（4）Also, and vegetables grown indoors would not face serious threats from insects and bad weather.（6）Though vertical farms don't exist yet, experts have created a plan for recycling in such farms. The water from indoor fish ponds would be used to water crops. Gasesfrom crop waste would be used to heat the building. Waste from chicken or pigs would be reused as a source of energy.（7）But experts believe vertical farming is not going to be easy.（8）They say it can be difficult to control climate conditions indoors. Besides, plants differ in their weather and lighting needs.（9）For example. Some plants like warm, sunny weather, but other plants prefer cooler temperatures.That’s not to say these difficulties won’t be overcome—but it will take time. Most experts suggest it may take about 5 to 15 years before the first vertical farms could be created.（10）1.The word “farm” may make you think of the countryside.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not Given答案：A解析：根据第一段第一句“When you hear the word “farm”, you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops.”关键词“imagine the countryside”，可知看到农场这个词会想起乡村。

2013年十月自考英语二答案

2013年十月自考英语二答案1、The reason why I didn't attend the lecture was simply（）I got a bad cold that day. [单选题] *A. becauseB. asC. that(正确答案)D. for2、We ______ to set up a food bank to help hungry people next week.（）[单选题] *A. hadB. are going(正确答案)C. were goingD. went3、The more he tried to please her, _____she seemed to appreciate it. [单选题] *A.lessB.lesserC.the less(正确答案)D.the lesser4、Taking the subway is quite fast and cheap. It can _______ both time and money. [单选题] *A. savesB. save(正确答案)C. earnD. use5、In the future, people ______ a new kind of clothes that will be warm when they are cold, and cool when they’re hot.（）[单选题] *A. wearB. woreC. are wearingD. will wear(正确答案)6、I have worked all day. I'm so tired that I need _____ . [单选题] *A. a night restB. rest of nightC. a night's rest(正确答案)D. a rest of night7、Grandpa pointed to the hospital and said, “That’s _______ I was born?”[单选题] *A. whenB. howC. whyD. where(正确答案)8、36．The students will go to the Summer Palace if it __________ tomorrow. [单选题] * A．won’t rainB．isn’t rainingC．doesn’t rain (正确答案)D．isn’t rain9、58．—How much is Lucy's skirt?—She________320 yuan for it. I think it's a little dear. [单选题] *A．tookB．paid(正确答案)C．spentD．bought10、The news is?_______. We are all _______ at it. [单选题] *A. exciting;?excited(正确答案)B. excited;?excitingC. exciting;?excitingD. excited;?excited11、Nowadays schools should care for the full _______ of a student’s talents. [单选题] *A. satisfactionB. development(正确答案)C. communicationD. preparation12、80．Thousands of ________ from other countries visit the village every year. [单选题] * A．robotsB．postcardsC．tourists(正确答案)D．bridges13、He is going to _______ a party this evening. [单选题] *A. hold(正确答案)B. makeC. needD. hear14、The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her（）attitude towards customers. [单选题] *A. impartialB. mildC. hostile(正确答案)D. opposing15、He spoke too fast, and we cannot follow him. [单选题] *A. 追赶B. 听懂(正确答案)C. 抓住D. 模仿16、If you get _______, you can have some bread on the table. [单选题] *A. happyB. hungry(正确答案)C. worriedD. sad17、Betty works as a waitress to earn money for her education. [单选题] *A. 服务员(正确答案)B. 打字员C. 秘书D. 演员18、—______ my surprise, Zhu Hui won the first prize in the speech contest. —But I think he could, because he kept practicing speaking.（）[单选题] *A. To(正确答案)B. AboutC. ForD. In19、Is there going to ______ a football match in the stadium next month?（）[单选题] *A. beingB. haveC. be(正确答案)D. having20、pencil - box is beautiful. But ____ is more beautiful than ____. [单选题] *A. Tom's; my; heB. Tom's; mine; his(正确答案)C. Tom's; mine; himD. Tom's; my; his21、Sam is going to have the party ______ Saturday evening. （）[单选题] *A. inB. on(正确答案)C. atD. to22、Don’t read in bed. It’s _______ your eyes. [单选题] *A. good atB. good forC. bad atD. bad for(正确答案)23、18．Who is staying at home now? ________, all of them are out. [单选题] * A．NoneB．No one(正确答案)C．EveryoneD．Nothing24、In the closet（）a pair of trousers his parents bought for his birthday. [单选题] *A. lyingB. lies(正确答案)c. lieD. is lain25、We’re proud that China _______ stronger and stronger these years. [单选题] *A. will becomeB. becameC. is becoming(正确答案)D. was becoming26、18．Monica wants to be a _______. She is good at sports and she loves teaching others. [单选题] *A．coach(正确答案)B．secretaryC．architectD．waiter27、I often _______ music from the Internet. [单选题] *A. download(正确答案)B. spendC. saveD. read28、I could ______ control my feelings and cried loudly when I heard the bad news. [单选题] *A. hardly(正确答案)B. ?reallyC. clearlyD. nearly29、There are still some wild tigers alive. [单选题] *A. 聪明的B. 凶恶的C. 野生的(正确答案)D. 珍贵的30、21．Design a travel guide for Shanghai! ________ the competition and be the winner! [单选题] *A．JoinB．AttendC．EnterD．Take part in (正确答案)。

自考英语二2013年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试

2013年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语( 二) 试卷(课程代码00015)本试卷共 8页。

满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。

考生答题注意事项：1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。

答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。

2.第一、二部分在“选择题答题区”作答。

必须对应试卷上的题号使用 2B铅笔将“答题卡的相应代码涂黑。

3.第三、七部分在“非选择题答题区”作答。

必须注明大、小题号，使用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。

4.合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。

选择题区第一部分：阅读判断(第l～l0题，每题 l分，共10分)下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A ；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B ；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。

在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。

Farms Appear in CitiesWhen you hear the word “farm”, you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops. But scientists say the farms of the future could be built in tall buildings in some large cities.It may be difficult to believe, but in fact, the technology forgrowing crops in doors already exists. Farming in the city is already happening. Some vegetables are already grown in greenhouses. Even the scientists at the South Pole research station can enjoy fresh vegetables they grow in their own greenhouse.Experts say indoor farming solves many problems. First, traditional farming takes up a lot of land. Growing crops in tall buildings —called vertical farming（垂直农业）—can solve the problem. Also, fruits and vegetables grown indoors would not face serious threats from insects and weather.Though vertical farms don’t exist yet, experts have created a plan for recycling in such farms. The water from indoor fish ponds would be used to water crops. Gases from crop waste would be used to heat the building. Waste from chicken or pigs would be reused as a source of energy.But experts believe vertical farming is not going to be easy. They say it can be difficult to control climate conditions indoors. Besides, Plants differ in their weather and lighting needs. For example, some plants like warm, sunny weather, but other plants prefer cooler temperatures.That’s not to say these difficulties won’t be overcome — but it will take time. Most experts suggest it may take about 5 to 15 years before the first vertical farms could be created.1.The word “farm” may make you think of the countryside.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given2.It is still a dream for people to grow crops indoors.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given3.Scientists at the South Pole research station live a hard life.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given4.Vertical farming does not need as much land as traditional farming.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given5.Fresh fruits and vegetables are very expensive in cities.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given6.Crops grown indoors would not be badly harmed by insects.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given7.Scientists do not know how to reuse the animal waste in vertical farms.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given8.Some experts say vertical farming could be difficult.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given9.Indoor plants need the same weather and lighting.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given10.The first vertical farms appeared 5 years ago.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given第二部分：阅读选择(第11～15题，每题2分，共l0分)阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。

2013年考研英语二真题及答案解析

Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and fundsare 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments arc immediate; they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is th ere to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson‟s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won‟t earn you what it used to. It can‟t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there‟s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] ro advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic include settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide new comers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigration system and the long political par alysis over how to fix it. We don‟t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today‟s birds of passage. They are energetic participant s in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them, they can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who____[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.[B] leave their home countries for good.[C] stay in a foreign temporarily.[D] find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US____[A] needs new immigrant categories.[B] has loosened control over immigrants.[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.[D] has been fixed via political means.28 According to the author, today‟s birds of passage want___[A] financial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D] the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance.[D] as mighty rivals.30 Choose the best title for this passage.[A] come and go: big mistake.[B] living and thriving : great risk.[C] with or without : great risk.[D] legal or illegal: big mistake.Text 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap d ecisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren‟t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we‟re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap rea ctions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottmanreally wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn‟t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reactions are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B]……thin sliced ‟‟study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate information35. The author‟s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A] tolerant[B] uncertain[C] optimistic[D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe‟s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don‟t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding‟s reluctance-and her frustration. I don‟t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position— no matter how much “soft pressure” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Face book—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children‟s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union‟s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding‟s call[D] a voluntary action38. According ti Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author‟s attitude toward Reding‟s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater “soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is everything[G] Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has £60 a week to spend, £40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's best restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42____________________________________________________________This is where supermarkets and thci; anonymity come in handy. With them, there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.43_________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.44___________________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis andfish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews,or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, They‟ll let you have for free.45__________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - £1.75 a week for three months gives you £21 - more than" enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It's £16.95 there - or £12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat.1．【答案】A（However）【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入非现金社会,实现完全电子支付。

自考英语二2013年10月考试

绝密★考试结束前全国2013年10月高等教育自学考试综合英语(二)试题课程代码：00795请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。

选择题部分注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。

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I. GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYComplete each of the following 15 sentences with the most likely answer. Blacken the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet. (1 point each, 15 points in all)1. Frankly speaking, I’d rather you ______ in this confidential case.A. were notinvolved B. are not involvedC. will not beinvolved D.would not be involved2. My teacher lent me a book yesterday. It was exactly ______ I needed to finish my paper.A. onewhichB. one thatC. thatoneD. the one3. All flights ______ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A. werecanceledB. have been canceledC. had beencanceled D. having been canceled4. The Internet makes ______ possible for people to follow the latest news from around the world easily.A.whatB. thatitD. this5. You ______ about your math exam result. You have got the highest score in our class.A. mustn’t haveworried B. needn’t have worriedC. haven’t needed toworry D. didn’t need to worry6. At 0-0 with one minute ______, England got a penalty against Germany in the final match.A. togoB. goC.goingD. gone7. It was very ______ of you to send me a greeting card on my tenth wedding anniversary.A.consideringB. considerableC.consideredD. considerate8. The salesman took the customer for a drive in the latest model of the car in order to ______its improved features.A.advertiseB. demonstrateC.exposeD. release9. Being extremely ______ to the cold, I do not like skiing.A.sensitiveB. sensibleC.insensitiveD. senseless10. In the hot sun the surface of the road seems wet, but that is only an ______.allusionB. illusionC.expectationD. exception11. The dishonest man was made general manager of the company. The appointment has caused much ______.A.enthusiasmB. consequenceC.controversyD. difference12. You cannot ______ by her appearance that she is already over seventy.A.sayB. speakC.tellD. talk13. I had met with him to explain the format of the programme and what we had in ______.A.mindB. headC.heartD. thought14. Though certain areas of the city suffer from a high crime rate, the centre is ______safe for tourists.A.particularlyB. relativelyC.speciallyD. uniquely15. He didn’t pass the entrance exam, and this was a ______ disappointment to his mother.A.heavyB. slightbitterD. minorⅡ. CLOZEFill in each of the 15 blanks in the passage with. the most likely answer. Blacken the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet. (1 point each, 15 points in all)The pollution level of the earth is increasing day by day. The governments of many countries around the world are spreading this 16 to encourage their citizens to control pollution and take environmentally friendly measures to lessenthe 17 already caused. It is true that even 18 gestures of going green are making a huge difference.Green cleaning is one such eco-friendly way of showing that onereally . 19 the future of the earth. Most of the bottled cleaning powders and solutions used in our daily lives contain harmful chemicals. A number ofthem 20 dangerous organic compounds which are unsafe for both human beings and the natural 21 . But green cleaning promotes the use of only those cleaning ingredients that are safe for the environment.This technique of cleaning is gaining popularity fast as it is absolutely harmless for human health and also does not upset the 22 of the environment. It can also show the way industrial and domestic cleaning products are produced, packagedand 23 . If the cleaning products are manufactured in aneco-friendly 24 and are packed into bio-degradable packages, they may be labeled 25 “green” products.This concept of cleaning is not entirely new in many households. Theolder 26 have been using it for ages. Materials like vinegar, baking soda, and lemons have been used by our great grandmothers and grandmothers 27 they were easily available and cheaper. These natural products are again being used but now for a different 28 —a greener lifestyle.It is 29 to know just how many chemical pollutants are used unknowingly in almost all homes every day. 30 a little awareness may help to produce a sea of difference. By adopting the simple green cleaning practices in our daily lives, we can do our part for Mother Nature.16. A. awareness B. comment C. notice D. attention17. A. pain B. hurt C.disaster D. damage18. A. quick B. practical C.small D. dramatic19. A. learns about B. bothers with C. cares about D. deals with20. A. absorb B. extract C.form D. release21. A. material B. cycle C. resources D. setting22. A. order B. balance C.safety D. quality23. A. spread B. controlled C. transferred D. displayed24. A. process B. promotion C. progress D. programme25. A. with B. for C. as D. like26. A. communities B. generations C. families D. societies27. A. if B. although C. while D. because28. A. duration B. motive C. degree D. feeling29. A. natural B. astonishing C. strange D. exciting30. A. But B. Moreover C. Instead D. ThusIII. PARAPHRASINGChoose the closest paraphrased version after each of the following sentences or the italicized part. Blacken the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet.(1 point each, 10 points in all)31. It [the first week’s payment] represented a week of very hard work—so hard that it might have been described as slavery if it hadn’t been for its aim and end.A. …the aim of this slave-driving work was hard to describe.B. …the extremely hard work made it unacceptable for any payment.C. …but for the pay, I wouldn’t have been able to do such heavy work.D. …if it hadn’t been for the high pay, I wouldn’t have accepted such heavy work.32. He stared at her a brief moment, seeing the fear in her face, but also a loathing for all men involving in the making and dispatch of nuclear weapons.A. ...but also worry about those who were threatened by the coming nuclear weapons.B. …but also a look of strong hatred for those who produced and launched nuclear weapons.C. …but also concern for those who were risking their own lives in nuclear weapon research.D. …but also trust in those who were using nuclear weapons to fight against the intruding enemies.33. Does it pay to make sacrifices for children?A. Can parents afford so much to bring up children?B. Is it worthwhile to give up so much for children?C. Is it necessary to do such a great deal for children?D. Can parents get a lot of money in return from their children?34. I resolved then that the wolf of poverty should be driven from our door in the future.A. I was determined that our family would not suffer from poverty in the future.B. I made up my mind to force the ruthless animal out of our house some day.C. I realized that the wolf would never come to our house in the future.D. I was aware of the fact that we had to face poverty some day.35. We must prepare to purify ourselves...to rise above this “mine” thinking and be as God’s own son, who said, “love thy neighbor.”A. We must prepare to make sacrifices and get rid of our evil ideas...B. We must prepare to control ourselves and avoid unrealistic thinking...C. We must get rid of our selfishness and be concerned about other people’s safety...D. We must get ready to face various difficulties and conquer them with great effort...36. But he perceived that his miracle had miscarried, and with that a great disgust of miracles came upon him.A. But he admitted that his miracle had ruined his reputation...B. But he saw that his miracle had worked in the wrong place...C. But he accepted the fact that he had failed in performing wonders...D. But he realized that his miracle had brought about result he had never intended...37. Food was short; his vegetable garden became less a hobby than a necessity.A. …he was forced by hard life to give up his hobby.B. …he considered it most necessary to keep his hobby.C. …he was interested in growing vegetables in the garden.D. …he grew vegetables in the garden mainly for food supply.38. It was enough to make anyone say “Hullo!”The incredible was visible to them all.A. The trick in the performance was obvious to the audience.,B. What happened confused the person who had said “Hullo.”C. Everyone was not so much surprised at what had happened.D. The miracle occurred fight before the eyes of everyone present.39. Seeing me having a good time in repose, she was powerless to hide her disgust.A. Whenever she tried to stop me from doing what I liked, she failed.B. Whenever I showed a particular interest in something, she tried to stop me.C. When she found me enjoying doing nothing, she could not control her anger.D. When she realized that I had too much free time, she showed her disapproval.40. Nothing more was said about it immediately, but a new idea had taken life in her mind.A. …but it had taken her whole life to form a new idea.B. …but her mind began to work busily for new ideas.C. …but a new idea had changed her outlook on life.D. …but a new idea had occurred to her.IV. READING COMPREHENSIONRead the two passages and choose the most likely answer to each of the questions. Blacken the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet. (2 points each, 20 points in all)Passage OneHaving been sitting out in his back yard in the snow for about an hour, Bobby was getting cold. Bobby didn’t wear boots; he didn’t like them and anyway he didn’t own any. The thin sneakers he wore had a few holes in them and they did a poor job of keeping out the cold. Try as he might, he could not come up with an idea for his mother’s Christmasgift. He shook his head as he thought, “This is useless, even if I do have an idea, I don’t have any money to spend.” Ever since his father had passed away three years before, the family of five had struggled. His mother worked nights at the hospital, but the small wage that she was earning could only be stretched so far.What the family lacked in money and material things was more than made up for in love and family unity. Three of his sisters had already made beautiful gifts for their mother. Here it was Christmas Eve already, and he had nothing. Wiping tears from his eyes, Bobby started to walk down to the street where the shops and stores were.It wasn’t easy being six without a father, especially when he needed a man to talk to. Bobby walked from shop to shop, looking into each decorated window. Everything seemed so beautiful and so out of reach. Suddenly his eyes caught the glimmer of the setting sun’s rays reflecting off on something along the curb. He reached down and picked up a shiny dime. Never before had anyone felt so wealthy as Bobby did at that moment. Warmth spread throughout his entire body and he walked into the first store he saw. His excitement quickly turned cold when the salesperson told him that he couldn’t buy anything with only a dime. He noticed a flower shop and went inside to wait in line. When the shop owner asked if he could help him, Bobby presented the dime and asked if he could buy one flower for his mother. The shop owner put his hand on Bobby’s shoulder and said to him, “You just wait here and I’ll see what I can do for you.”When the shop owner came out and moved to the counter, Bobby saw in his hand twelve long-stemmed red roses, with green leaves and tiny white flowers all tied together with a big silver bow. Bobby’s heart sank as the owner placed them neatly into a long white box. “That will be ten cents, young man,” the shop owner said. Slowly, Bobby gave the man his dime. Could this be true? No one else would give him a thing for his dime! Sensing the boy’s reluctance, the shop owner added, “I just happened to have some roses on sale for ten cents a dozen. Would you like them?” This time Bobby did not hesitate, and took the long box from the man. Walking out of the door that the owner was holding open for him, Bobby heard the shopkeeper say, “Merry Christmas, son.”As he returned inside, the shopkeeper’s wife walked out. “Who were you talking to back there and where are the roses you were fixing?” Staring out of the window, and blinking the tears from his own eyes, he replied, “When the little boy came into the shop and wanted to buy a flower for his mother with that small dime, I saw myself, many years ago. I too, was a poor boy with nothing to buy my mother a Christmas gift. A bearded man, whom I never knew, stopped me on the street and told me that he wanted to give me ten dollars ...” The shop owner and his wife hugged each other tightly, and as they stepped out into the bitter cold air, they somehow didn’t feel the cold at all.41. Why did the six-year-old boy Bobby feel so upset on Christmas Eve?A. He had no father to take care of him.B. His mother could not buy boots for him.C. The family was suffering from poverty in spite of the mother’s hard work.D. All of the children in the family but him had Christmas gifts for their mother.42. The dime Bobby found on the street could be best described as ______.A. a greattreasureB. a Christmas giftC. freshairD. bright light43. Why did the boy hesitate when he paid for the roses?A. He was reluctant to spend the only dime he had.B. He could not understand the shopkeeper’s words.C. He could not believe the roses were fixed for him.D. He was not sure if roses were the best Christmas gift.44. Which of the following statements is true about the story?A. Seeing the twelve roses, Bobby was excited and eager to get them.B. Christmas sale was given in memory of that unknown bearded man.C. With deep sympathy for the boy, the shopkeeper didn’t take his money.D. The shopkeeper mentioned the rose sale to put the boy completely at ease.45. Which of the following might be the best title for the story?A. Value ofRosesB. Love—Passed onC. Home Is theBest D. No Pains, No GainsPassage TwoCould Google, the world’s largest search engine, be causing our memory banks to be weak? Maybe, say four Columbia University researchers, who believe Google’s instant search mechanics could be training our brains to get rid of information we’re sure of quickly finding again with a few taps on a keyboard.Times certainly have changed. I can still remember having to memorize stuff back in grade school like linking verbs—“is, am, are, was, were, have, has, had, etc.”—as if reciting a ritual chant, or the precise sequence of northeastern states, left to fight, top to bottom. Nowadays, I just look up Google Maps if I can’t remember whether it’s Vermont before New Hampshire, or whether to answer “this is he” or “this is him” when someone asks for me on the phone.But we’ve heard this tune before, right? I’m looking at a book on my shelf, The Shallows, by author Nicholas Carr, whose article “Is Google Making Us Stupid?” set off all kinds of cultural and scientific discussions in 2008. The Shallows elaborated on points in that article and brought in actual neurological research to support Carr’s thesis that the Internet may be dramatically rewiring our brains.And with the Columbia research, the evidence that something’s up is growing. In the study, titled “Google Effects on Memory: Cognitive Consequences of Having Information at Our Fingertips,” the Columbia University researchers claim that when we’re sure of access to information in the future, our ability to summon that information from memory drops. Conversely, our ability to recall how to access the information goesup. Thus, the researchers argue, “The Internet has become a primary form of external memory, where information is stored collectively outside ourselves.”According to Betsy Sparrow, the study’s lead, “Since the coming of search engines, we are reorganizing the way we remember things. Our brains rely on the Internet for memory in much the same way they rely on the memory of a friend, family member or co-worker. We remember less through knowing information itself than by knowing where the information can be found.”Is Google really wrecking our memory? The answer is “it depends.” The Columbia University report doesn’t offer evidence of actual memory diminishing. Instead, the suggestion is that, influenced by Internet and search engine use, our memories are switching job hats and becoming more external. Instead of remembering “ends,” we’re remembering “means.” Search engines like Google are simply becoming extensions of our brains, sort of like wireless electronic devices.And it’s not unacceptable to consider ways in which such a memory shift might actually benefit us. “Perhaps those who teach in any context, be they college professors, doctors or business leaders, will become increasingly focused on teaching greater understanding of ideas and ways of thinking, and less focused on memorization,” suggests Sparrow.Would that be such a bad thing? After all, I’ve always thought the popular notion that memorizing precisely where something is on a map as a sign of “intelligence” was pretty dumb. I’d rather have an accurate working knowledge of the details that separate, say, Shia from Sunni, the two main branches of Islam, than how to point at random to Turkey or Brazil on a globe.46. The result of the Columbia University research is that ______.A. search engines may weaken our memoryB. the way we remember things may be changedC. our memory may rely heavily on external informationD. search engines may extend our memory of information47. The phrase “job hats” in Paragraph 6 refers to ______.A. the original memory banksB. the roles of search enginesC. the abilities to deal with informationD. the ways of remembering information48. Which of the following could be an example of the “means” (Para. 6) we rely on?A. Memory of colleagues.B. Knowledge about Shia and Sunni.C. Location of Vermont and New Hampshire.D. Positions of different countries on the globe.49. According to the Columbia study, what may happen when we have easy access to information?A. Our external memory begins to fail.B. Our actual memory begins to diminish.C. We are likely to remember the means of getting that information.D. We are likely to store that information permanently in our memory.50. The writer believes Google may benefit us because we can ______.A. improve our intelligence and knowledgeB. develop our understanding and thinkingC. memorize thingsprecisely D. reorganize our brains非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

全国201310月自学考试_高级英语试题和答案解析_课程代码006

绝密★ 考试结束前全国2012年10月高等教育自学考试高级英语试题课程代码：00600请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。

全部题目用英文作答（英译汉题目除外）。

选择题部分注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。

2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试题卷上。

I．Each of the following sentences is given four choices of words or expressions．Choose the right one to complete the sentence．(15 points，1 point for each)1．The presiding judge described the terrorist attack as an ______ crime．A．alluring B．abusiveC．abnormal D．abominable2．The billionaire ______ his only daughter his entire estate．A．deprived B．entrustedC．presented D．bequeathed3．Through ______ teeth she told her ex-supervisor to leave immediately．A．sneezing B．clenchedC．shivering D．drenched4．Despite all the goodwill in the world，the Middle East peace process remains as ______ and frustrating as ever．A．elusive B．evasive. .专业知识分享. .C．inclusive D．conducive5．The two great tennis players together make a(n) ______ combination．A．sizeable B．affordableC．perishable D．formidable6．He lived quietly with a woman who was neither young nor old，neither ______ nor pretty．A．sociable B．irritableC．homely D．snobbish7．These TV viewers show a(n) ______ lack of understanding．A．generous B．irresistibleC．lamentable D．good-natured8．He showed great ______ of character when he refused to accept the bribes．A．force B．abilityC．strength D．potential9．I will go back to my peaceful house although it is humble and ______．A．cozy B．meanC．worn D．shabby10．When the authority of fathers begins to ______，political power generally collapses，as well．A．falter B．filterC．rumble D．ramble11．The glass remained ______ after being dropped．A．intact B．contentC．abstract D．compact12．I ______ this speech to the memory of these women and children．A．devote B．promoteC．dedicate D．indicate13．Try to do some physical activity three times a week for ______ health．A．opium B．optimumC．minimum D．maximum. .专业知识分享. .14．They need to be ______ at collaborating with colleagues outside their own department．A．adopt B．adeptC．adapt D．abrupt15．He determined who would go first with a coin ______．A．toss B．flingC．twist D．throwRead the following passage carefully and complete the succeeding three items II，III，IV.To Kill or Not to Kill(1)Capital punishment has been in effect since the 1600’s．However, in 1972 the U．S．Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty was cruel and unusual punishment，which was unconstitutional according to the Eighth Amendment． It was public opinion that the current methods of execution，hanging， electrocution，and facing a firing squad，were too slow and painful upon the person to be executed．The U．S．Supreme Court reversed this decision when a cleaner way to bring about death was found in 1976．This cleaner way is death by lethal injection，which is quick and painless if administered right．(2)Many people have argued for and against capital punishment since it was reinstituted．Some say the death penalty is what the criminal deserves while others object to it because death is irreversible．I feel the death penalty is a good form of justice because only about 250 people a year get the death penalty and they are guilty beyond a doubt and don’t deserve living with the possibility of parole．(3)The sentencing judge or jury are ordered by the Supreme Court to look for specific aggravating and mitigating factors in deciding which convicted murderers should be sentenced to death．S ome of these mitigating factors are the defendant’s motivation, character, personal history, and most of all remorse．Every year approximately 250 new offenders are added to death row．In 1994 there were 2，850 persons awaiting execution．Yet no more than thirty-eight people have been. .专业知识分享. .executed a year since 1976．This is a ridiculously low number compared to 199 persons executed in 1935．(4)The reason for this slow execution rate is the process of appeals．From sentencing to execution there is about a seven-to-eight-year wait．The convicts’ cases are reviewed by the state courts and through the federal courts．With all this opportunity for the case to be turned over or the sentence to be changed it is almost impossible for an innocent person to be executed．Only two people have been proved innocent after their execution in the United States．These wrongful deaths occurred in 1918 and 1949．Since then the justice system has undergonea lot o f fine tuning making this extremely unlikely to day.(5)One argument against the death penalty is that it costs less to imprison someone for life than to execute them．This is a good point that has a 1ot of impact on a lot of people’s views regarding capital punishment since they are the ones footing the bill．through taxes．I personally would not mind paying the little bit extra just so I know for sure that there’s one 1ess murderer on our planet．If the death penalty was done away with，prisoners who should have been executed will be mixed in with other inmates．It would be possible and not too unlikely for them to kill another inmate or possibly a prison guard．If someone is lined up for execution then they more than likely deserve it．They have caused a great deal of grief to the family and friends of the victim or victims and it seems like the only way justice could be served is for the criminal to die.(6)For the person to simply go to jail seems unfair．There they will eat three mealsa day, get to watch cable TV and befriend other inmates．They live a pretty decent 1ife in prison and they don’t deserve it．Out of the fifty states in the United States 37 have and use capital punishment．Out of the same fifty states only 18 have 1ife imprisonment without parole．In the other 32 states a person who should’ve been executed canb e released after as 1ittle as 20 years in prison．(7)There are certain standards that are followed in giving out capital punishment．The defendant can not be insane, and the real or criminal intent must be present．Also，minors very rarely receive the death penalty because they are. .专业知识分享. .not fully mature and might not know the consequences of their actions．Finally the mentally retarded are very seldom executed．The reason for not executing the retarded is that they often have difficulty defending themselves in court, have problems remembering details，locating witnesses，and testifying credibly on their own behalf．(8)If capital punishment were carried out more it would prove to be the crime deterrent it was partly intended to be．Most criminals would think twice before committing murder if they knew their own 1ives are at stake．As it turns out，as very few people are executed，so the death penalty is not a satisfactory deterrent．During highly publicized death penalty cases the homicide rate is found to go down but it goes back up when the case is over．(9)Thomas Edison，a famous scientist and American hero，helped develop and extensively promoted the electric chair．The electric chair was a popular method of execution from the 1930s to the 1970s．The death penalty is a punishment that will remain active for a long time in the future，even with all the criticism．It is an ancient way of dealing with extremely serious offences that plague our country today．Hopefully the appeals process will be shortened，but remain effective，so more criminals can be executed，making prospective criminals think twice．II．In this section，there are ten incomplete statements or questions，followed by four choices marked A，B，C and D．Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.(20 points，2 points for each) 16．The death sentence was instituted some ______ years ago．A．200 B．300C．400 D．5 0017．According to the first paragraph，people generally thought that ______．A．lethal injection was painful but quickB．death penalty was cruel and therefore should be abolishedC．facing a firing squad was a cleaner way for capital punishmentD．the methods then used to bring about death were slow and painful. .专业知识分享. .18．A method of execution that is not mentioned in this article is ______．A．hanging B．injectionC．decapitation D．electrocution19．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “remorse”in Paragraph 3?A．regret B．rebellionC．revulsion D．recklessness20．Two persons put to death，one in 1918 and the other in 1949，were found to have been _____．A．insane B．wrongly killedC．mentally retarded D．executed without trial21．The expression “footing the bill”in Paragraph 5 can be best replaced by ______．A．paying the cost B．asking for paymentC．causing the expenses D．refunding the expenses22．In the passage，the author implies that ______．A．more than 15 states in the United States do not use capital punishmentB．1ife imprisonment without parole is a heavier sentence than capital punishment C．in the United States those who should’ve been executed 1ive a miserable life in prisonD．in the United States a person who should’ve been executed might be set free after only 20 years’ imprisonment23．The expression “at stake” in Paragraph 8 means ______．A．at risk B．at issueC．in a mess D．out of control24．The author does not mention that ______．A．capital punishment faces a lot of criticismB．the death penalty will continue to be carried outC．extremely serious offences are troubling the United StatesD．the death penalty is a modern way of handling atrocious crimes25．It is obvious that the author of this article ______．. .专业知识分享. .A．does not object to abolishing capital punishmentB．shows sympathy to those guilty of unpardonable evilC．is in favor of sentencing those committing grave crimes to deathD．believes that many of those condemned to death do not deserve their punishment非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

2013年考研英语二真题与答案解析

2013考研英语（二）真题Section I Use of EnglishDirecti ons:Read the followi ng text ・ Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the adva ntages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically・_ 1 __ a true cashless society is probably not around the comer.Indeed, predictions have been2for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payme nt would soon ''revolutionize the very 3 of money itself,'* only to ___ 4 __ itself _ several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless societybeen so __ 5 ___ in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a paymentssystem based on paper, several factors work ____ 6 __ the disappearanee of the papersystem ・First, it is very ____________ 7 ___ to set up the computer, card reader, andtelecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the ______ 8 __ formof payme nt Second, paper checks have the adva ntage that they ______________________ 9__ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to ____ 10 ___ ・ Third, the use of paperchecks gives consumers several days of '"float” - it takes several days _____________________________ 11 __check is cashed and funds are ____ 12 __ from the issuer's account, which means thatthe writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in themean time.13 electronic payme nts arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the con sumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may ____ 14 __ security and privacy concerns.We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access acomputer database and to alter information ____ 15 ___ there. The fact that this is notan ___ 16 ___ occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bankaccounts in electr onic payments systems and ___ 17 _from some one else's accounts.The __ 18 ___ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer scieneeelectr onic means of payme nt leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data ・There are concerns that gover nment, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1 ・[A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] cone ept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B]sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [CJwith [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise (D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] un comm on [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevent!on [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trailis developing to __ 19 __ security issues ・A further concer n is that the use ofSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirecti ons:Read the following four texts・ Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled 44 Making It in America H ,the author Adam Davidsonrelates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today, ” a man and a dog・ The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.Da vidson ' s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appearedmaking the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment anddeclining middle-class incomes today is also because of the adva nces in bothglobalization and the informatio n tech no logy revolution, which are more rapidlythan ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job could earn anaverage lifestyle ,But,today ‘average is officially over. Being a verage just wonearn you what it used to. It can 't when so many more employers have so muchmore access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics,cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius ・ Therefore, every one n eeds tofind their extra-their unique value contributi on that makes them stand out inwhatever is their field of employment.Yes, new tech no logy has been eati ng jobs forever, and always will. But therebeen an acceleration. As Davidson notes, ” In the 10 阀希MI用[U.S.]factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared ・There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services・ But the one thing we know for sure isthat with each advance in globalization and the l・T・ revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more andbetter education to make themselves above average・In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, butnothing would be more important than passing some kind of G」.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that everyAmerican has access to poet-high school education.21 ・ The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate _______ .[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class in comes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to _________[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that _______[A] gains of tech no logy have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is _______[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] to advanee economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic in eluded settlers andsojoumers. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in theUnited States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrivedwhile about 2 million departed ・ About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eve ntually retur ned to Italy for good ・ They even had an affectionatenickname, “ uccelli di passaggio, " birds of passage・Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers intotwo categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in themaking, or our broken immigrati on system and the long political paralysis overhow to fix it. We don ' t need more categories, but weneed to change the way wethink about categoriesWe need to look bey ond strict definitions of legal and ・illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living andthriving in the gray areas ・ We might then begi n to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, homehealth- care aides and physicists are among today * sbirds of passage・ They areenergetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money andideas ・ They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can man age tohave a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities withease・ We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can beproductive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We needthem to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to twonations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudeson both sides of the immigration battle ・Looking beyond the culture war logic ofright or wrong means openi ng up the middle ground and un dersta nding thatmanaging immigratio n today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes ・Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system・26 “ Birds of passage ” refers to those who ______ ・[A] immigrate across the Atlantic[B] leave their home countries for good[C] stay in a foreign temporarily[D] find permanent jobs overseas27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US _______ ・[A] needs new immigrant categories[B] has loosened control over immigrants[C] should be adopted to meet challenges[DJhas been fixed via political means28 According to the author, today ' s birds of passage want _____[A] financial incentives・[B] a global recog nition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs・[DJthe freedom to stay and leave・29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated _[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors・[C] with regal toleranee.[D] as mighty rivals・30 which is the best title of the passage?[A] come and go: big mistake[B] living and thriving : great risk[C] with or without: great risk [DJIegal or illegal: big mistakeScientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if wetake a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react veryminute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snapdecisionsin reaction to rapid stimuli aren ' t exclusiveinterpersonal realm ・ Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, eventhough reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast fooddoing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences ・ If we know we will overreact to consumerrepresentatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying .If we know female job scree ners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside scree ners.long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck Ion ger evaluati on; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiatesus from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes ・ But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the Ion ger term ・ Although technology might change the way we react, it has ncha nged our n ature ・ We still have the imaginative temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.Joh n Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that wequickly “ thin sliceinformation reliably only after we ground such snap reactionsin u thick slicedText 3Snap decisions can be importantdefe nse mecha nisms; if we are judgingquickly, within millisec onds. But we need more time to assess other factors ・ To accurately tell whethersome one is sociable, studies show, wen eedatleast ato thewith speed and impatie neeand carry those impulses into whatever else we' reproducts or housing options when we see a happy face (onereason good salescapacity to rise above31 ・ The time needed in making decisions may ____・[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions ______ .[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. To reverse the n egative in fluences of snap decisi ons, we should _____ ・[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on ______ ・[A] critical assessment[B] 1 thin sliced 1 study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate in formation35. The author ' s attitude toward reversing the high -speed trend is __________ ・[A] tolerant[B] uncertain[C] optimistic[D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplaceof senior will n ever be completely family — frie ndly until women are partmanagement decisions, and Europe * s top oapogoajtaruije positions remainoverwhelm!ngly male・ Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards・The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certainproportion of wome n・up to 60 perce nt・ This proposed man date was born of frustration ・Last year,VivianeEurope Commission Vice Preside ntReding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership・ But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporateLadder fairy as they balance work and family?“ Personally, I don ' t like quotas, ” Reding said recently.But i like what the quotas do. w Quotas get action: they 44 open and they breakthrough the glass ceiling, ” according to Reding, a result seen in France and othercoun tries with legally bindi ng provisi ons on placing women in top busi nesspositions ・I understand Reding ' sreluctanee ・and her frustration・ I don *t like quotaseither; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable・Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it doeslook as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered・After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europeas the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotio n of women to topposition —no matter how much “ soft pressure 91is put upon them・ When womendo break through to the summit of corporate power-as, for example, SherylSan dberg recently did at Facebook —they attract massive attentio n preciselybecause they remain the exception to the rule・If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women — whether CEOs ortheir children ' csaregivers a-nd all families, Sandberg would be no morenewsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally ______ ・[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union ' s intended legislation is _________ ・[A] a reflection of gender balanee[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding ' s call[D] a voluntary action38. According to Reding, quotas may help women________ ・[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balanee work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author ' s attitude toward Reding 1 s appeal is one of ___________ ・[B] objectiveness[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of __________ ・[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] great er “ soft pressurePart BDirecti ons:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitableheading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answerson ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)The hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his£ 60 a week to s love of good food with living on ben efits. After bills, Tony has£ 40of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £ 130,000 a I year working in corporate communications andeating at London's betft restaurants'11 at least twice a week・ Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and hisdrinking became serious・”The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree,when people responded to the blog so well・ It gaveme the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing.11 Nowhe's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feelingpositive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - ”there are so many people in a much worsestate, with barely any money to spend on food” - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies・[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is everything[G] Waste not, want not41. ____________________Impulsive spendi ng isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in adva nee, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities・ I have an Exceltemplate for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balanee your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42 _____________________________________________________________This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy・ With them, there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.43 ________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good enough・ Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish・Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables youll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to M go off will be cooked or juiced・44 ___________________________________Every one says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters ・ Shop at butchers, delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things f and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, They will let you have for free.45 _________________You worVt be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every fewmonths treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaur ant - £ 1.75 a week for threemonths gives you £ 2*1 ・ more tharT enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin- starred Arbutus・It's £ 16.95 there ・ or £ 12.99 for a large pizza fromDomino*s: I know which rd rather eat.Section III TranslationDirecti ons:Translate the following text from English into Chinese・ Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week・ Ive been able to do this sinceI was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs mymind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away reatly・ When Ithink of a sad memory, I do what everyone does・try to put it to one side・ I don 'tthink it ' shader for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memorydoesn 11 make my emotions any more acute or vivid・ I can recall the day mygrandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before・I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on the Broadway on the sameday- they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV Writing47・ Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale foe kids in need of help・ Write yourclassmates an email to1) inform them about the details and encourage them to participate ・2) Don't use your own n ame, use “Li Ming w in stead ・Don't write your address.(10 points)48 write an essay based on the following chart・ In your writing, you should "interpret the chart and 2)give your comments2013考研英语(二)答案Section I use of English1 •【答案】 A (However )【解析】空前作者讲到•鉴于电子货币的擁，你也许会诙，我们将快速步入非现金社会. 实现完全电子支付。

2013年英语二自考题答案

2013年英语二自考题答案一．阅读判断下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中并没有提及，选择C。

精选一My Writing TeacherEnglish writing was always easy for me, but that changed on the first day walked into Mrs.Johnson's class.Before that,I'd heard rumors from former students. They said she was strict and her class was hard to pass. So I was very nervous.The first time we met, Mrs. Johnson told us her class would be difficult, but she would give us new"tools"and guide us through She explained that her grading system was different,and that we would not see high scores soon."Everything you do in class matters," she said.“As writing is an art, it takes along time to perfect."Mrs. Johnson scared me.I was afraid of what she would say if I asked a question. So in class I kept silent most of the time and couldn't follow her.When I got my first essay back,my grade was terrible.I was annoyed with Mrs.Johnson.I disliked going to her class. Then I realized I needed to find out what I could do to improve my grade and how to use the “tools”in my writing.As I still didn't dare to talk to Mrs.Johnson in person,I e-mailed her.In this way,she and worked together to improve my writing.By and by,I could talk to her both online and in person.She walked me through every step to understand how to write an essay. Together we saw improvement in my work.From this I discovered that asking for help could actually work.Behind everything Mrs.Johnson was saying,she actually cared about me and where I would be in the future. She knocked me down so that I could climb back stronger.1.I was worried when I was in Mrs.Johnson's first class. [单选题] *A.True(正确答案)B.FalseC.Not Given2.Mrs. Johnson used the same grading system as other teachers. [单选题] *A.TrueB.False(正确答案)C.Not Given3.Mrs.Johnson regards writing as an art. [单选题] *A.True(正确答案)B.FalseC.Not Given4.I was active in class in the beginning. [单选题] *A.TrueB.False(正确答案)C.Not Given5.Most students enjoyed Mrs.Johnson's class. [单选题] *A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(正确答案)6.I got a high score for my first essay. [单选题] *A.TrueB.False(正确答案)C.Not Given7.Mrs.Johnson preferred to email students. [单选题] *A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(正确答案)8.Mrs.Johnson let me improve my writing by myself. [单选题] *A.TrueB.False(正确答案)C.Not Given9.I finally became a top student in the writing class. [单选题] *A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(正确答案)10.Mrs.Johnson cared about my future. [单选题] *A.True(正确答案)B.FalseC.Not Given精选2Black FridayEveryone likes to shop for gifts for the holiday season,but few people know the history of holiday shopping.While people have heard of Black Friday,most do notknow its origins.Black Friday is the day after Thanksgiving (感恩节). On this day most retail stores open their doors very early—some as early as 4 am.In addition,they provide their customers with great discounts on products.With thisin mind,it is clear to see why so many shoppers buy many of their Christmas giftson Black Friday.Black Friday is not as old as many people think.In fact,it is believed that the first Black Friday was held in the 1970s in the USA.It was a day when storesdecided to mark the start of the holiday season.In order to draw more customers,they offered great discounts.All products sold very well. This large successresulted in the name Black Friday.It was so named because the stores were “in the black".This financial term means the stores made a lot of money.However,it was not until around 2002 that Black Friday really started to gain in popularity. Todayin the USA,countless advertisers proudly announce their Black Friday sales. They hope to attract shoppers into their stores.Black Friday is a day when many shoppers in the USA go out and buy gifts,even though Christmas Eve is still a more popular day to shop.Thanks to the Internet,it is now possible to get to the stores by 4 am,this is the perfect way to still get items at reduced prices.11.Many people know the history of Black Friday. [单选题] *A.TrueB.False(正确答案)C.Not Given12.Most stores open their doors for business very early on Black Friday. [单选题] *A.True(正确答案)B.FalseC.Not Given13.Customers get better service on Black Friday. [单选题] *A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(正确答案)14.Black Friday started in the USA. [单选题] *A.True(正确答案)B.FalseC.Not Given15.The holiday season ends on Black Friday's. [单选题] *A.TrueB.False(正确答案)C.Not Given16."In the black"is a financial term. [单选题] *A.True(正确答案)B.FalseC.Not Given17.Black Friday is no longer popular. [单选题] *A.TrueB.False(正确答案)C.Not Given18.People like to shop online on Christmas Eve. [单选题] *A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(正确答案)19.It is possible to get Black Friday discount online. [单选题] *A.True(正确答案)B.FalseC.Not Given20.Things are sold at their lowest prices at 4 am. [单选题] *A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(正确答案)二、阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项。

2013年考研英语二真题及答案解析

Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have notyet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and fundsare 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments arc immediate; they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1.[A] However[B] Moreover[C] Therefore[D] Otherwise2.[A] off[B] back[C] over[D] around3.[A] power[B] concept[C] history[D] role4.[A] reward[B] resist[C] resume[D] reverse5.[A] silent[B] sudden[C] slow[D] steady6.[A] for[B] against[C] with[D] on7.[A] imaginative[B] expensive[C] sensitive[D] productive8.[A] similar[B] original[C] temporary[D] dominant9.[A] collect[B] provide[C] copy[D] print10.[A] give up[B] take over[C] bring back[D] pass down11.[A] before[B] after[C] since[D] when12.[A] kept[B] borrowed[C] released[D] withdrawn13.[A] Unless[B] Until[C] Because[D] Though14.[A] hide[B] express[C] raise[D]ease15.[A] analyzed[B] shared[C] stored[D] displayed16.[A] unsafe[B] unnatural[C] uncommon[D] unclear17.[A] steal[B] choose[C] benefit[D] return18.[A] consideration[B] prevention[C] manipulation[D] justification19.[A] cope with[B] fight against[C] adapt to[D] call for20.[A] chunk[B] chip[C] path[D] trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C orD. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled“ Making It in America” , the author Adam Davidson relates a joke fromcotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only twoemployees today, ” a man and a dog. The manereis t ho feed the dog is there to keep the manaway from the machines.”Davidson ’ s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the pointthat the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomestoday is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technologyrevolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job ，could earn an averagelifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’ t earn you what it us It can’ t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above averagecheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius.Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes themstand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’ s been anacceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers sofast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of everythree manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing weknow for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs willrequire workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to supportemployment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21.The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22.According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23.The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B]job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C]factories are making much less money than before[D]new jobs and services have been offered24.According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] ro advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A]New Law Takes Effect[B]Technology Goes Cheap[C]Average Is Over[D]Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic include settlers and sojourners.Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came thosewho had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About aquarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even hadan affectionate nickname,“ uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide new comers into twocategories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigration system and the long political par alysis over how to fix it. We don’ t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyondstrick definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, thoseliving and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-careaides and physicists are among today’ s birds of passage. They are energeticsinp a rticipant global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them, they can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. Weneed them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a whilewithout committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be bothhere and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sidesof the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means openingup the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiplepaths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in theexisting system.26“ Birds of passage” refers to those who____[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.[B] leave their home countries for good.[C]stay in a foreign temporarily.[D]find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US____[A]needs new immigrant categories.[B]has loosened control over immigrants.[C]should be adopted to meet challenges.[D]has been fixed via political means.28 According to the author, today’ s birds of passage want___[A]financial incentives.[B]a global recognition.[C]opportunities to get regular jobs.[D]the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A]as faithful partners.[B]with economic favors.[C]with regal tolerance.[D]as mighty rivals.30 Choose the best title for this passage.[A]come and go: big mistake.[B]living and thriving : great risk.[C]with or without : great risk.[D]legal or illegal: big mistake.Text 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a momentand think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects ofour quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone isdangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But weneed more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studiesshow, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects ofpersonality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’ t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a fewmilliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating.We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses intowhatever else we ’ re doing, Subjects exposed to-foodfastflashes also tend to think a musical piecelasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products orhousing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estateagents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screenersare more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand theirbiases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly“ thin slice” information rel only after we ground such snap reactions in“ thick sliced -term”studylong. When Dr. Gottmanreally wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat fora muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historicallywe have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn ’ t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31.The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction [C]depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32.Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions____.[A]can be associative[B]are not unconscious[C]can be dangerous[D]are not impulsive33.To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usuallydo [C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34.John Gottman says that reliable snap reactions are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B] ‘‘ thin sliced’’ study[C]sensible explanation[D]adequate information35.The author ’ s attitude toward reversing the-speedhigh trend is____.[A] tolerant[B] uncertain[C] optimistic[D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family — friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe ’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintaina certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration.Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“ Personally, I don’ t like quotas,” Reding said recently.“ But i like what the quotas do. Quotas get action: they“ open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisionson placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding’ s reluctance-andhr frustration. I don like quotas’t either; they runcounter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers theobstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarilyordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the USare evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position — no matter how much“ soft pressure is put”upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporatepower--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Face book — they attract massive attentionprecisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or theirchildren ’ s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than anyother highly capable person living in a more just society.36.In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37.The European Union ’ s intended legislation is ________. [A] areflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding’ s call[D] a voluntary action38.According ti Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author’ s attitude toward Reding’ s appeal is one of _________.[A]skepticism[B]objectiveness[C]indifference[D]approval40.Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater“ soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)[A]Live like a peasant[B]Balance your diet[C]Shopkeepers are your friends[D]Remember to treat yourself[E]Stick to what you need[F]Planning is everything[G]Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of goodfood with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has60 a week to spend,￡ 40 of ￡which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning130,000 a￡I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's best restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It'salso a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42____________________________________________________________This is where supermarkets and thci; anonymity come in handy. With them, there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.43_________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good enough.Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.44___________________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis andfish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews,or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, They ’l let you have for free.45__________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treatyourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - 1.75 a week for three￡ months gives you 21 - more ￡than" enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It's 16.95 there - or 12.99￡for￡ a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat.1．【答案】 A （However ）【分析】空前作者到“ 于子的,你也会 ,我将迅速步入非金社会,完整子支付。

2013年10月自学考试英语二真题试卷答案详解

2013年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷真题解析（课程代码00015）本试卷分为选择题和非选择题两部分，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。

第一部分为选择题。

考生必须在“答题卡”上按要求填涂作答。

第二部分为非选择题。

第一部分选择题一、阅读判断（第1—10题，共10分）短文后列出10个句子，根据短文内容判断每个句子。

A是正确，B是错误，C是文中未提及。

2013考研英语二真题及答案

2013考研英语二真题及答案Introduction:In this article, we will discuss the 2013 Graduate Entrance Exam (also known as "考研" in Chinese) English Second Paper (英语二) by providing the questions along with their correct answers. The exam includes reading comprehension, vocabulary, and grammar sections. By understanding the format and content of the exam, test-takers can better prepare and improve their English skills for future exams.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionPassage 1 - "The Importance of Time Management"Question:According to the passage, what are some benefits of effective time management? (Choose the most appropriate answer)A) Increased productivity and reduced stress.B) Improved sleep patterns and healthier lifestyle.C) Enhanced social relationships and creativity.D) Higher academic achievements and career success.Answer: A) Increased productivity and reduced stress.Passage 2 - "The Impact of Technology on Society"Question:What is the main point of the passage? (Choose the most appropriate answer)A) Technology has drastically improved communication.B) Technology has negatively impacted human interaction.C) Technology has significantly reduced job opportunities.D) Technology has revolutionized various industries.Answer: D) Technology has revolutionized various industries.Section 2: VocabularyQuestion 1:Choose the word that is most OPPOSITE in meaning to the word "modest."A) ArrogantB) GenerousC) ConfidentD) HumbleAnswer: A) ArrogantQuestion 2:Choose the word that is most SIMILAR in meaning to the word "corroborate."A) ContradictB) DisproveC) ConfirmD) DoubtAnswer: C) ConfirmSection 3: GrammarQuestion:Select the sentence that is grammatically CORRECT.A) Each student are responsible for submitting their own assignments.B) None of these math equations is difficult to solve.C) The team's effort were the key to their success.D) Her ability to speak multiple languages have impressed everyone.Answer: B) None of these math equations is difficult to solve.Conclusion:This article provided a brief overview of the 2013 Graduate Entrance Exam English Second Paper, including sample questions and their correct answers. By familiarizing oneself with the exam format and content, test-takers can better prepare and improve their performance in future exams. Remember to allocate sufficient time for practicing reading comprehension, vocabulary, and grammar to achieve success in the English section of the exam.。

2013年10月自考英语二真题及答案

2013年10月自考英语二真题及答案1、English is very important in our daily life. Never _______. [单选题] *A. give up itB. give it up(正确答案)C. give away itD. give it away2、This species has nearly （）because its habitat is being destroyed. [单选题] *A. used upB. died out(正确答案)C. gone upD. got rid of3、Mary _______ a small gift yesterday, but she didn’t _______ it. [单选题] *A. accepted; receiveB. received; accept(正确答案)C. receives; acceptedD. accepts; received4、---Excuse me sir, where is Room 301?---Just a minute. I’ll have Bob ____you to your room. [单选题] *A. show(正确答案)B. showsC. to showD. showing5、We are looking forward to _______ you again. [单选题] *A. seeB. sawC. seeing(正确答案)D. seen6、42．—________ meat do you want?—Half a kilo. [单选题] *A．How much(正确答案)B．How manyC．WhatD．Which7、87．—Could you? ? ? ? ? ? me the way to the nearest hospital?—Sure. [单选题] *A．askB．tell(正确答案)C．talkD．speak8、The people’s Republic of China _______ on October 1, 1 [单选题] *A. foundB. was founded(正确答案)C. is foundedD. was found9、—What can I do to help at the old people’s home?—You ______ read stories to the old people. （）[单选题] *A. could(正确答案)B. mustC. shouldD. would10、39．—What do you ________ my new dress?—Very beautiful. [单选题] *A．look atB．think aboutC．think of(正确答案)D．look through11、Bob used ______ on the right in China, but he soon got used ______ on the left in England.（）[单选题] *A. to drive; to driveB. to drive; drivingC. to driving; to driveD. to drive; to driving(正确答案)12、-We’ve spent too much money recently–well,it isn’t surprising. Our friend and relatives_______around all the time [单选题] *ingB. had comeC. were comingD have been coming(正确答案)13、The boy lost his（）and fell down on the ground when he was running after his brother. [单选题] *A. balance(正确答案)B. chanceC. placeD. memory14、During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ ameal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. [单选题] *A. shareB. to share(正确答案)C. having sharedD. shared15、It is an online platform _____ people can buy and sell many kinds of things. [单选题] *A．whenB. where(正确答案)C．thatD．which16、He _______ getting up early. [单选题] *A. used toB. is used to(正确答案)C. is usedD. is used for17、Mr. Brown ______ the football match next week.（）[单选题] *A. is seeingB. seesC. sawD. is going to see(正确答案)18、His new appointment takes（）from the beginning of next month. [单选题] *A. placeB. effect(正确答案)C. postD. office19、The story has _______ a lot of students in our class. [单选题] *A. attracted(正确答案)B. attackedC. appearedD. argued20、10．Mum, let me help you with your housework, so you ________ do it yourself. [单选题] * A．don’t need to(正确答案)B．need toC．don’t needD．need21、31．A key ring is used __________ holding the keys. [单选题] *A．toB．inC．for (正确答案)D．with22、The trouble turned out to have nothing to do with them. [单选题] *A. 由…引发的B. 与…有牵连C. 给…带来麻烦D. 与…不相干(正确答案)23、—These shoes look cool. ______ are they?—They are on sale, only $（）[单选题] *A. How much(正确答案)B. How longC. How manyD. How soon24、—______some nice crayons. I think they are ______.（）[单选题] *A. Here is; Betty’sB. Here are; BettyC. Here is; BettyD. Here are; Betty’s(正确答案)25、A lot of students in our school were born _______ March, 1 [单选题] *A. in(正确答案)B. atC. onD. since26、76．AC Milan has confirmed that the England star David Beckham （）the team soon. [单选题] *A. has rejoinedB. was going to rejoinC. rejoinedD. is to rejoin(正确答案)27、People always _____ realize the importance of health _____ they lose it. [单选题] *A. not... untilB. don't... until(正确答案)C. /; untilD. /; not until28、In many cities, a low-carbon lifestyle has become（）. [单选题] *A. more popular and more popularB. more and more popular(正确答案)C. the most popularD. most and most popular29、—______ is the concert ticket?—It’s only 160 yuan.（）[单选题] *A. How manyB How much(正确答案)C. How oftenD. How long30、( ) Do you have any difficulty _____ these flowers？I’d like to help you if you need.[单选题] *A in planting(正确答案)B for plantingC with plantingD to plant。

2013年考研英语二真题与答案解析

2013考研英语〔二真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word<s> for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. <10 points>Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. ___1___ a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been___2___for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very ___3___ of money itself," only to___4___itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so___5___in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work___6___the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very___7___to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the___8___form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they___9___receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to___10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days___11___ a check is cashed and funds are___12___from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may___14___security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information___15___there. The fact that this is not an ___16___ occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and___17___from someone else's accounts. The___18___of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to___19___security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic___20___that contains a large amount of personaldata. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. <40 points>Text 1In an essay entitled "Making It in America", the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: Theaverage mill only two employees today," a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines."Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job,could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes," In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______.[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] to advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, "uccelli di passaggio," birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right orwrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 "Birds of passage" refers to those who____.[A] immigrate across the Atlantic[B] leave their home countries for good[C] stay in a foreign temporarily[D]find permanent jobs overseas27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US ____.[A] needs new immigrant categories[B] has loosened control over immigrants[C] should be adopted to meet challenges[D]has been fixed via political means28 According to the author, today’s birds of passage want___[A] financial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D]the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance.[D]as mighty rivals.30 which is the best title of the passage?[A] come and go: big mistake[B] living and thriving : great risk[C] with or without : great risk[D]legal or illegal: big mistakeText 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face <one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling>, we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly "thin slice" information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in "thick sliced" long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B]‘thin sliced’study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate information35. The author’s attitude toward reversin g the high-speed trend is____.[A] tolerant[B] uncertain[C] optimistic[D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management d ecisions, and Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards. The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?"Personally, I don’t like quot as," Reding said recently. "But i like what the quotas do." Quotas get action: they "open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling," according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much "soft pressure " is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers—and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According to Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater"soft pressure"Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph <41-45>.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. <10 points>The hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has £60 a week to spend, £40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's betft restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation andconfidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is everything[G] Waste not, want not41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42____________________________________________________________This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them, there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.43_________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.44___________________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, They will let you have for free.45__________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - £1.75 a week for three months gives you £21 - more than" enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starredArbutus. It's £16.95 there - or £12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. <15 points>I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs my mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away reatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everyone does- try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make m y emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on the Broadway on the same day- they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV Writing47. Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale foe kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to1> inform them about the details and encourage them to participate .2> Don’t use your own name, use "Li Ming" instead. Don’t write your address.<10 points>48 write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1>interpret the chart and2>give your commentsYou should write about 150 words2013考研英语〔二答案Section I use of English1．[答案]A〔However[解析]空前作者讲到"鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入非现金社会,实现完全电子支付。