Design Standards for Railway Structures and Commentary(Concrete Structures) 2007-03(OCR)
DIN 6701-2 英文
A2
Bonded joints on rail vehicles and parts of rail vehicles with average safety requirements
A3
Bonded joints on rail vehicles and parts of rail vehicles with low safety requirements
3.1
Classification of bonded joints
Table 1 classifies bonded joints on rail vehicles and on components and parts of rail vehicles as a function of the relevant safety requirements. The classification of the bonded parts into part classes is based on the potential effect of failure of the bonded joint as stated by the relevant design companies/engineers. The same applies for repairs to bonded joints and for repairs realized by adhesive bonding. The part classes must be indicated on drawings. The relevant design engineer must involve the supervisor in charge of the bonding work (SIC) in the process of assigning bonded parts to classes. Table 1 – Classification of bonded joints Class A1 Description Bonded joints on rail vehicles and parts of rail vehicles with high safety requirements Examples
铁路词汇
铁路，铁道railway railroad铁路线railway line, railroad line铁路网railway network, railroad network铁道科学railway science铁路技术railway technology铁路等级railway classification国有铁路national railway, state railway地方铁路local railway, regional railway私有铁路private railway合资铁路joint investment railway, jointly owned railway 标准轨铁路standard-gage railway窄轨铁路narrow-gage railway米轨铁路meter-gage railway宽轨铁路broad-gage railway单线铁路single track railway双线铁路double track railway多线铁路multiple track railway重载铁路heavy haul railway高速铁路high speed railway电气化铁路，电力铁路electrified railway, electric railway 干线铁路main line railway, trunk railway市郊铁路suburban railway地下铁道，地铁subway, metro, underground railway工业企业铁路industry railway矿山铁路mine railway轻轨铁路light railway, light rail高架铁路elevated railway单轨铁路，独轨铁路monorail, monorail railway磁浮铁路magnetic levitation railway, maglev森林铁路forest railway山区铁路mountain railway既有铁路existing railway新建铁路newly-built railway改建铁路reconstructed railway运营铁路railway in operation, operation, operating railway专用铁路special purpose railway干线trunk line, main line支线branch line铁路专用线railway special line货运专线railway line for freight traffic,freight special line, freight traffic only line客运专线railway line for passenger traffic,passenger special line, passenger traffic only line客货运混合铁路railway line for mixed passenger and freight traffic铁路运营长度，运营里程operation length of railway, operating distance, revenue length列车运行图train diagram铁路建筑长度construction length of railway区间section区段district轨距rail gage, rail gauge轮重wheel load轴重axle load最大轴重maximum allowable axle load限制轴重axle load limited限界clearance, gauge限界图clearance diagram铁路建筑限界railway construction clearance, structure clearance for railway, railway struction gauge基本建筑限界fundamental construction clearance, fundamental structure gauge 桥梁建筑限界bridge construction clearance, bridge structure gauge隧道建筑界限tunnel construction clearance, tunnel structure gauge铁路机车车辆限界rolling stock clearance for railway, vehicle gauge机车车辆上部限界clearance limit for upper part of rolling stock机车车辆下部限界clearance limit for lower part of rolling stock装载限界loading clearance limit, loading gauge阔大货物限界clearance limit for freight with exceptional dimension, clearance limit for oversize commodities接触网限界clearance limt for overhead contract wire, clearance limit for overheadcatenary system, overhead catenary system gauge 列车与线路相互作用track-train interaction轮轨关系wheel-rail relation, wheel-rail interaction 粘着系数adhesion coefficient车轮滑行wheel sliding, wheel skid车轮空转wheel slipping牵引种类kinds of traction, category of traction牵引方式mode of traction牵引定数tonnage rating, tonnage of traction装载系数loading coefficient速度speed持续速度continuous speed限制速度limited speed, speed restriction均衡速度balancing speed构造速度construction speed, design speed最高速度maximum speed临界速度critical speed重载列车heavy haul train高速列车high speed train超长超重列车exceptionally long and heavy train 列车正面冲突train collision列车尾追train tail collision列车尾部防护train rear end protection伸缩运动fore and aft motion蛇行运动hunting, nosing列车压缩train running in列车拉伸train running out列车分离train separation列车颠覆train overturning列车动力学train dynamics列车空气动力学train acrodynamics机车车辆振动vibration of rolling stock 纵向振动longitudinal vibration横向振动lateral vibration垂向振动vertical vibration摆滚振动rock-roll vibration浮沉振动bouncing, vibration测滚振动rolling , vibration测摆振动swaying, vibration点头振动pitching, nodding摇头振动yawing, hunting机车车辆共振resonance of rolling stock 机车车辆冲击impact of rolling纵向冲击longitudinal impact横向冲击lateral impact垂向冲击vertical impact货运站综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations at freight station行车指挥自动化automation of traffic control编组场综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations in marshalling yard铁路运营信息系统railway operation information system铁路数据交换系统railway data exchange system运营系统模拟simulation of operation system铁路法railway law铁道法规railway act铁路条例railway code铁路技术管理规程regulations of railway technical operation综合运输comprehensive transport, multi-mode transport, intermode transport国际铁路联运international railway through traffic大陆桥，洲际铁路transcontinental railway, intercontinental railway, land-railway 国际联运协定agreement of international through traffic国际联运议定书protocol of international through traffic国际铁路联运公约convention of international railway through traffic铁路新线建设newly-built railway construction铁路技术改造technical reform of railway, technical renovation of railway, betterment and improvement of railway铁路主要技术条件main technical standard of railway, main techincal requirement of railway单位工程unit project分部工程part project分项工程item project预可行性研究pre-feasibility study项目建议书proposed task of project可行性研究feasibility study设计阶段design phase, design stage三阶段设计three-step design, three-phase design两阶段设计two-step design, two-phase design一阶段设计one-step design, one-phase design初步设计preliminary design技术设计technical design扩大初步设计enlarged preliminary design, expanded preliminary design施工图设计construction detail design, working-drawing design变更设计altered design设计概算apporximate estimate of design, budgetary estimate of design个别概算individual approximate estimate综合概算comprehensive approximate estimate总概算sum of approximate estimate, total estimate, summary estimate修正总概算amended sum of approximate estimate, revised general estimate 调整总概算adjusted sum of approximate estimate投资检算checking of investment预算定额rating of budget, rating form for budget概算定额rating of approximate estimate, rating form for estimate投资估算investment estimate估算指标index of estimate机械台班定额rating per machine per team, rating per machine-team工程直接费direct expense of project, direct cost of project工程间接费indirect expense of project, indirect cost of project工程预备费reserve fund of project设计鉴定certification of design, appraisal of design竣工决算final accounts of completed project铁路用地right-of-way铁路勘测railway reconnaissance调查测绘survey and drawing of investigation, investigation survey, investigation surveying and sketching地形调查topographic survey地貌调查topographic feature survey, geomorphologic survey地质调查geologic survey经济调查economic investigation, economic survey水文地质调查hydrogeologic survey土石成分调查survey of soil and rock composition土石物理力学性质physical and mechanical properties of soil and rock土石分类classificaion of soil and rock地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation, bearing capacity of ground, bearing of subgrade隧道围岩分级classification of tunnel surrounding rock地质图测绘survey and drawing of geological map, surveying and sketching of geological map勘探exploration, prospecting挖探excavation prospecting钻探boring, exploration drilling物探geophysical prospecting室内测试indoor test, laboratory test原位测试in situ test静力触探static sounding, static probing, cone penetration test动力触探试验dynamic penetration test标准贯入试验standard penetration test区域地质regional geology工程地质engineering geology不良地质unfavorable geology特殊地质special geology工程地质条件engineering geologic, requirement, engineering geologic condition 气象资料meteorological data冻结深度freezing depth地震基本烈度basic intensity of earthquake, seismic basic intensity工程地质图engineering geological map地层柱状图column diagram of stratum, graphic logs of strata, drill log of stratum 洪水调查flood survey河道调查river course survey冰凌调查ice floe survey, frazil ice survey汇水区流域特征调查survey of catchment basin characteristics水文断面hydrologic sectional drawing, dydrologic section, hydrologic cross-section主河槽main river channel设计流速design current velocity设计高程，设计标高design elevation河流比降slope of river, comparable horizon of river历史洪水位historic flood level最高水位highest water level, HWL通航水位navigation water level, NWL桥涵水文hydrology of bridge and culvert水利半径hydraulic radius桥前壅水高度backwater height in front of bridge, top water level in front of bridge桥渡勘测设计survey and design of bridge crossing水面坡度slope of water surface水文测量hydrological survey泥石流流域catchment basin of debris flow分水岭watershed, dividing ridge汇水面积catchment area, water collecting area, drainage area洪水频率flood frequency设计流量design discharge设计水位design water level施工水位construction level, construction water level, working water level 设计洪水过程线designed flood hydrograph容许冲刷allowable scour一般冲刷general scour局部冲刷local scour, partial scour铁路测量railway survey线路踏勘，草测route reconnaissance初测preliminary survey定测location survey, alignment, final location survey导线测量traversing, traverse survey光电导线photoelectric traverse地形测量topographical survey横断面测量cross leveling, cross-section survey, cross-section leveling线路测量route survey, profile survey, longitudinal survey既有线测量，旧线测量survey of existing railway线路复测repetition survey of existing railway, resurvey of existing railway 测量精度survey precision, precision of survey均方差，中误差mean square error最大误差，极限误差maximum error, limiting error中线测量center line survey中线桩center line stake加桩additional stake, plus stake外移桩shift out stake, stake outward, offset stake水准点高程测量benchmark leveling中桩高程测量，中平center stake leveling曲线控制点curve control point放线setting-out of route, lay out of route交点intersection point副交点auxiliary intersection point转向角deflection angle分转向角auxiliary deflection angle坐标方位角plane-coordinate azimuth象限角quadrantal angle经纬距plane rectangular coordinate断链broken chain投影断链projection of broken chain断高broken height铁路航空摄影测量，铁路航测railway aerial photogrammetry铁路航空勘测railway aerial surveying航带设计flight strip design, design of flight strip铁路工程地质遥感remote sensing of railway engineering geology 测段segment of survey航测选线aerial surveying alignment航测外控点field control point of aerophotogrammetry全球定位系统global positioning system, GPS像片索引图index of photography三角测量trigonometric survey, triangulation精密导线测量precise traverse survey, accurate traverse survey三角高程测量trigonometric leveling隧道洞外控制测量ouside tunnel control survey隧道洞内控制测量in tunnel control survey, through survey隧道洞口投点horizontal point of tunnel portal, geodetic control point of portal location of adit桥轴线测量survey of bridge axis铁路选线railway location, approximate railway location, location of railway route selection平原地区选线location in plain region, plain location越岭选线location of mountain line, location of line in mountain region, location over mountain山区河谷选线mountain and valley region location, location of line of in mountain and valley region丘陵地段选线hilly land location, location of line on hilly land工程地质选线engineering geologic location of line线间距distance between centers of tracks, midway between tracks车站分布distribution of stations方案比选scheme comparison, route alternative投资回收期repayment period of capital cost纸上定线paper location of line缓坡地段section of easy grade, section of gentle slope紧坡地段section of sufficient grade非紧坡地段section of unsufficient grade, section of insufficient grade导向线leading line, alignment guiding line拔起高度,克服高度height of lifting, lifting height, ascent of elevation横断面选线cross-section method of railway location, location with cross-section method, cross-section method for location of line展线extension of line, development of line, line development展线系数coefficient of extension line, coefficient of development line套线overlapping line线路平面图track plan, line plan线路纵断面图track profile, line profile站坪长度length of station site站坪坡度grade of station site控制区间control section, controlling section最小曲线半径minimum radius of curve圆曲线circular curve单曲线simple curve缓和曲线transition curve, easement curve, spiral transition curve缓和曲线半截变更率rate of easement curvature, rate of transition curve复曲线compound curve同向曲线curves of same sense, adjacent curves in one direction 反向曲线reverse curve, curve of opposite sense夹直线intermediate straight line, tangent between curves坡度grade, gradient, slope人字坡double spur grade限制坡度ruling grade, limiting grade加力牵引坡度pusher grade, assisting grade最大坡度maximum grade临界坡度critical grade长大坡度long steep grade, long heavy grade动力坡度momentum grade均衡坡度balanced grade有害地段harmful district无害地段harmless district变坡点point of gradient change, breake in grade坡段grade section坡段长度length of grade section坡度差algebraic difference between adjacent gradients竖曲线vertical curve分坡平段level stretch between opposite sign gradient缓和坡度slight grade, flat grade, easy grade起动缓坡flat gradient for starting加速缓坡easy gradient for acceleration, accelerating grade坡度折减compensation of gradient, gradient compensation, grade compensation 曲线折减compensation of curve, curve compesation隧道坡度折减compensation of gradient in tunnel, compensation grade in tunnel 绕行地段detouring section, round section换侧,换边change side of double line容许应力设计法allowable stress design method破损阶段设计法plastic stage design method极限状态设计法limit state design method概率极限状态设计法,可靠度设计法probabilisatic limit state design method地震系数法seismic coefficient method路基subgrade, road bed, formation subgrade岩石路基rock subgrade渗水土路基permeable soil subgrade, pervious embankment非渗水土路基non-permeable soil subgrade, impervious embankment特殊土路基subgrade of special soil软土地区路基subgrade in soft soil zone, subgrade in soft, clay region泥沼地区路基subgrade in bog zone, subgrade in morass region, subgrade in swampland膨胀土地区路基，裂土地区路基subgrade in swelling soil zone, subgrade in expansive soil region盐渍土地区路基subgrade in salty soil zone, subgrade in saline soil region多年冻土路基subgrade in permafrost soil zone特殊条件下的路基subgrade under special condition河滩路堤embankment on plain river beach滨河路堤embankment on river bank水库路基subgrade in reservoir, embankment crossing reservoir崩塌地段路基subgrade in rock fall district, subgrade in collapse zone岩堆地段路基subgrade in rock deposit zone, subgrade in talus zone, subgrade in scree zone滑坡地段路基subgrade in slide岩溶地段路基，喀斯特地段路基subgrade in karst zone洞穴地段路基subgrade in cavity zone, subgrade in cavern zone风沙地段路基subgrade in windy and sandy zone, subgrade in desert雪害地段路基subgrade in snow damage zone, subgrade in snow disaster zone泥石流地段路基subgrade in debris flow zone路基横断面subgrade cross-section路基面subgrade surface, formation路基面宽度width of the subgrade surface, formation width路拱road crown, subgrade crown路肩Road shoulder, subgrade shoulder路肩高程formation level, shoulder level路堤embankment, fill路堑cut, road, cutting半堤半堑part-cut and part-fill section, cut and fill section基床subgrade bed, formation基床表层surface layer of subgrade bed, formation top layer, surface layer of subgrade基床表层bottom layer of subgrade, formation base layer, bottom layer of subgrade bed一般路基general subgrade, ordinary subgrade最小填筑高度minimum fill height of subgrade, minimum height of fill临界高度critical height基底foundation base, base路堤边坡side slope of embankment, fill slope talus坡脚toe of side slope护道berm取土坑borrow pit路堤填料embankment fill material, embankment filler, filling material of embankment填料分类classification of filling material岩块填料rock block filler, rock filler, rock fill粗粒土填料coarse-grained soil filler, coarse-grained soil fill细粒土填料fine-grained soil filler, fine-grained soil fill压实标准compacting criteria相对密度relative density压实系数compacting factor, compacting coefficient最佳含水量optimum moisture content, best moisture content最佳密度optimum density, best density核子密度湿度测定determination of nuclear density-moisture路基承载板测定determination of bearing slab of subgrade预留沉落量reserve settlement, settlement allowance反压护道berm with superloading, berm for back pressure, counter swelling berm 石灰砂桩lime sand pile换土change soil, soil replacement爆破排淤blasting discharging sedimentation, silt arresting by explosion, discharge of sedimentation by blasting抛石挤淤throwing stones to packing sedimentation, packing sedimentation by throwing stones, packing up sedimentation by dumping stones路堑石方爆破rock cutting blasting, rock blasting in cut定向爆破directional blasting浅孔爆破shallow hole blasting深孔爆破deep hole blasting洞室药包爆破chamber explosive package blasting, chamher blasting扬弃爆破abandoned blasting, abandonment blasting抛掷爆破pin-point blasting松动爆破blasting for loosening rock药壶爆破pot hole blasting裸露腰包爆破adobe blasting, contact blasting路堑边坡cutting slope, side slope of cut堑顶top of cutting slope, top of cutting路堑平台platform of cutting, berm in cutting弃土堆waste bank, bankette, spoil bank挡土墙retaining wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall衡重式挡土墙balance weight retaining wall, gravity retaining wall with relieving platform, balanced type retaining wall锚定板挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tie rods, anchored bulkhead retaining wall, anchored plate retaining wall加筋土挡土墙reinforced earth retaining wall, reinforced soil retaining wall锚杆挡墙anchored bolt retaining wall, anchoraged retaining wall by tie rods管柱挡墙cylindrical shaft retaining wall沉井挡墙caisson retaining wall抗滑桩anti-slide pile, counter-sliding pile护墙guard wall护坡slope protection, revertment, pitching排水沟weep drain, drainage ditch, drain ditch边沟，侧沟side ditch天沟gutter, overhead ditch, intercepting ditch吊沟suspended ditch跌水hydraulic drop截水沟intercepting ditch, catch-drain急流槽chute排水槽drainage channel渗水暗沟blind drain渗水隧洞leak tunnel, permeable tunnel, drainage tunnel渗井leaching well, seepage well渗管leaky pipe平孔排水horizontal hole drainage反滤层reverse filtration layer, inverted filter, protective filter 检查井inspection well, manhole砂井，排水砂井sand drain隔断层insulating course, insulating layer透水路堤pervious embankment, permeable embankment渗水路堤immerseable embankment排水砂垫层sand filled drainage layer, drainage sand blanker 坡面防护slope protection护岸revetment, shore protection导流堤diversion dike拦石墙stone cut off wall, stone falling wall, but tree落石槽stone falling channel, trough for catching falling rocks 柴排firewood raft, mattress, willow fascine固沙造林stabilization for sands by afforestation挡风墙wind-break wall防风栅栏wind break fence砂土液化sand liquefaction中-活载CR-live loading, China railway standard loading桥梁标准活载standard live load for bridge桥梁荷载谱bridge load spectrum换算均布活载equivalent uniform live load设计荷载design load主力principal load恒载dead load土压力earth load静水压力hydrostatic pressure浮力buoyancy列车活载live load of train列车离心力centrifugal force of train列车冲击力，冲击荷载impact force of train 冲击系数coefficient of impact人行道荷载sidewalk loading附加力subsidiary load, secondary load列车制动力braking force of train列车牵引力tractive force of train风荷载wind load列车横向摇摆力lateral swaying force of train 流水压力pressure of water flow冰压力ice pressure冻胀力frost heaving force特殊荷载particular load船只或排筏的撞击力collision force of ship or raft地震力seismic force地震烈度earthquake intensity地震震级earthquake magnitude施工荷载constructional loading荷载组合loading combination铁路桥railway bridge公铁两用桥combined bridge, combined highway and railway bridge, combined rail-cum-road bridge跨线桥，立交桥overpass bridge, grade separation bridge, flyover高架桥viaduct旱桥dry bridge人行桥foot bridge, pedestrian bridge圬工桥masonry bridge钢桥steel bridge铆接钢桥riveted steel bridge栓焊钢桥bolted and welded steel bridge全焊钢桥all welded steel bridge摩擦结合式高强度螺栓high strength friction grip bolt扭剪式高强度螺栓torshear type high strength blot螺栓示功扳手bolt wrench with indicator混凝土桥concrete bridge钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥prestressed concrete bridge先张法预应力梁pretensioned prestressed concrete girder后张法预应力梁post-tensioned prestressed concrete girder部分预应力混凝土桥partially prestressed concrete bridge结合梁桥composite beam bridge低高度梁shallow girder无碴无枕梁girder without ballast and sleeper型钢混凝土梁，劲性骨架混凝土梁girder with rolled steel section encased in concrete, skeleton reinforced concrete girder简支梁桥simply supported beam bridge连续梁桥continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge板桥slab bridge空心板桥hollow slab bridge板梁plate girder工形梁I-beam箱形梁box girder槽形梁trough girder桁架truss拆装式桁架demountable truss刚架桥，刚构桥rigid frame bridge斜腿刚架桥，斜腿刚构桥strutted beam bridge, slant-legged rigid frame bridge悬板桥，悬带桥stressed ribbon bridge悬索桥，吊桥suspension bridge斜拉桥cable-stayed bridge浮桥pontoon bridge, floating bridge, bateau bridge拱桥arch bridge固端拱，无铰拱fixed-end arch双铰拱two-hinged arch三铰拱three-hinged arch实腹拱spandrel-filled arch, solid-spandrel arch空腹拱open-spandrel arch双曲拱two-way curved arch, cross-curved arch系杆拱，柔性系杆刚性拱tied arch榔格尔式桥，刚性系杆柔性拱桥Langer bridge, flexible arch bridge with rigid tie 洛泽式桥，直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥Lohse bridge, rigid arch bridge with rigid tie and vertical sespenders尼尔森桥Nielsen systen bridge尼尔森式骆泽梁桥，斜悬杆式刚性拱梁桥Nielsen type Lhse bridge, rigid arch bridge with fight tie and inclined suspenders活动桥movable bridge竖旋桥bascule bridge平旋桥swing bridge升降桥lift bridge正交桥right bridge斜交桥skew bridge曲线桥curved bridge曲梁curved beam特大桥super maior bridge大桥major bridge中桥medium bridge小桥minor bridge单线桥single track bridge双线桥double track bridge多线桥multi-track bridge正桥，主桥main bridge引桥approach spans上承式桥deck bridge半穿式桥，中承式half through bridge, midheight deck bridge 下承式桥through bridge双层桥double-deck bridge永久性桥permanent bridge临时性桥，便桥temporary bridge跨径，跨度span净跨clear spam桥梁全长overall length of bridge桥下净空underneath clearance主梁中心距center to center distance between main girder节间长度panel length梁高depth of girder拱度camber挠度deflection节间panel锚跨，锚孔anchor span悬跨，吊孔suspended span桥梁上部结构superstructure 腹板web plate翼缘flange翼缘板flange plate弦杆chord member腹杆web member斜杆diagonal member竖杆vertical member吊杆suspender hanger加劲杆stiffener节点panel point节点板gusset plate拼接板splice plate缀条lacing bar缀板stay plate, tie plate侧向水平联结系lateral bracing横联sway bracing制动撑架braking bracing桥门架portal frame纵梁stringer横梁floor beam, transverse beam桥面系floor system端横梁end floor beam起重横梁jacking floor beam梁端缓冲梁auxiliary girder for controlling angle change 应变时效strain ageing碳当量carbon equivalent钢丝steel wire钢丝束bundled steel wires钢绞线steel strand钢筋reinforcement, steel bar箍筋stirrup纵向钢筋longitudinal reinforcement弯起钢筋bent-up bar架立钢筋erection bar构造钢筋constructional reinforcement预应力筋tendon套管sheath梁腋haunch（桥涵）拱圈arch ring拱肋arch rib拱顶rach crown拱矢rise of arch起拱点springing拱腹soffit拱腹线intrados拱背钱extrados桥塔bridge tower, pylon索平面cable plane缆索cable斜缆stay cable, inclined cable吊缆suspension cable索鞍cable saddle索夹cable band, cable clamp锚座socket锚碇anchorage明桥面open deck, ballastless deck, open floor 桥梁道碴槽ballast trough道碴桥面ballasted deck, ballasted floor桥梁护轨guard rall of bridge桥梁护木guard timber of bridge桥枕bridge tie, bridge sleeper桥上人行道sidewalk on bridge步行板foot plank避车台refuge platform伸缩缝expansion joint正交异性板orthotropic plate栏杆railing, handrail, handrailing泻水孔drainage opening直结轨道track fastened directly to steel girders抗剪连接件，抗剪结合件shear connector支座bearing固定支座fixed bearing活动支座expension bearing, movable bearing平板支座plate bearing摇轴芝座rocker bearing滚轴支座roller bearing球面支座spherical bearing板式橡胶支座laminated rubber bearing盆式橡胶支座pot rubber bearing聚四氯乙烯支座poly-tetrafluoroedthylene bearing, PTFE bearing 涡流激振wortex-excited oscillation弛振galloping颤振flutter扰流板spoiler风嘴wind fairing桥梁自振周期natural vibration period of bridge浮运架桥法bridge erection by floating架桥机架设法erection by bridge girder erecting equipment顶推式架设法erection by incremental launching拖拉架设法launching method赝架式架设法erection with scaffolding悬臂架设法catilever erection, erection by protrusion悬臂灌注法cast-in-place cantilever construction, free cantilever segmental concreting with suspended formwork悬臂拼装法cantilevered assembling constrution, free cantilever erection with segments of precast concrete预制混凝土构件precast concrete units, precast concrete members活动模架逐跨施工法segmental span-by-span construction using form traveller桥梁合龙closure就地贯注法cast-in-place method, cast-in-situ method活动吊篮travelling cradle顶进法jack-in method旋转法施工，转体施工erection by swing method液压式张拉千斤顶hydraulic tensioning jack桥梁下部结构substructure桥台abutment重力式桥台gravity abutment埋置式桥台buried abutment锚定板式桥台anchor slab abutmentU形桥台U-shaped abutment耳墙式桥台abutment with cantilevered retaining wall台身abutment body前墙front wall台帽abutment coping翼墙wing wall锥体护坡quadrant revetment, truncated cone banking台后填方filling behind abutment桥墩pier空心桥墩hollow pier实体桥墩solid pier重力式桥墩gravity pier柔性桥墩flexible pier拼装式桥墩assembly pier, pier constructed with precast units 制动墩braking pier柱式桥墩column pierV形桥墩V-shaped pier圆端形桥墩round-ended pier圆形桥墩circular pier矩形桥墩rectangular pier排架式桥墩pile bent pier墩身pier body, pier shaft墩帽pier coping围栏railing around coping of pier or abutment承台bearing platform破冰体ice apron, ice-breaking cutwater, ice guard地基foundation, foundation soil, subgrade加固地基improved foundation, improved ground天然地基natural foundation, natural ground桥梁基础bridge foundation扩大基础spread foundation明挖基础open-cut foundation, open excavation foundation沉井基础open caisson foundation浮式沉井基础floating caisson foundation沉井刃脚cutting edge of open caisson围堰cofferdam双壁钢围堰钻孔基础double wall steel cofferdam bored foundation 预制钢壳钻孔基础prefabricated steel shell bored foundation泥浆套沉井法slurry jacket method for sinking caisson空气幕沉井法air curtain method for sinking caisson沉箱基础pneumatic caisson foundation管柱基础tubular column foundation桩基础pile foundation预制桩precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile, cast-in-situ concrete pile螺旋喷射桩auger injected pile摩擦桩friction pile支承桩bearing pile钻孔桩bored pile挖孔桩dug pile钢桩steel pile钢管桩steel pipe pile钢板桩steel sheet pile板桩sheet pile木桩timber pile钢筋混凝土桩reinforced concrete pile砂桩sand pile挤密砂桩sand compaction pile流砂quick sand, drift sand送桩pile follower试桩test pile斜桩batter pile, raking pile, spur pile护筒pile casting重锤夯实法heavy tamping method灰土换填夯实法method of lime-soil replacement and tamping灌注水下混凝土underwater concreting, concreting with tremie method 导流建筑物regulating structure丁坝，挑水坝spur dike顺坝longitudinal dam河床铺砌river bed paving码头wharf排架bent脚手架scaffold悬空脚手架hanging stage, hanging scaffold 铁路涵洞railway culvert涵洞孔径aperture of culvert管涵pipe culvert箱涵box culvert拱涵arch culvert盖板涵slab culvert无压力涵洞inlet unsubmerged culvert压力式涵洞outlet submerged culvert半压力式涵洞inlet submerged culvert明渠open channel, open ditch, open drain 倒虹吸管inverted siphon潮汐河流tidal river淤积silting, siltation流冰ice drift铁路轮渡railway car ferries轮渡站ferry station轮渡栈桥ferry trestle bridge渡轮ferry boat轮渡引线，轮渡斜引道ferry slip铁路隧道railway tunnel山岭隧道mountain tunnel越岭隧道over mountain line tunnel水下隧道，水地隧道subaqueous tunnel, underwater tunnel地铁隧道subway tunne, underground railway tunnel浅埋隧道shallow tunnel, shallow-depth tunnel, shallow burying tunnel 深埋隧道deep tunnel, deep-depth tunnel, deep burying tunnel单线隧道single track tunnel双线隧道double track tunnel多线隧道multiple track tunnel车站隧道station tunnel地铁车站subway station, metro station特长隧道super long tunnel长隧道long tunnel中长隧道medium tunnel短隧道short tunnel隧道群tunnel group地铁工程subway engineering, metro engineering洞口tunnel opening。
对《铁路隧道防灾疏散救援工程设计规范》主要技术标准的解析
1郾 1摇 铁路隧道防灾疏散救援研究历程回顾 国内铁路隧道防灾技术研究工作肇始于 1987 年
Analysis of the Main Technical Standards in Code for Design of Rescue Engineering for Disaster Prevention and Evacuation of Railway Tunnel
MA Zhi鄄fu, AN Yu鄄hong
不难看出,铁路隧道防灾研究的重点从最初的隧 道内货物列车火灾事故转到隧道内旅客列车火灾事 故。 由于隧道内旅客列车火灾事故具有严重的生命伤 害风险和高度的社会敏感性,需要通过提高社会风险
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
188
铁道标准设计
第 62 卷
标准,在进行全面的灾害预防体系标准下,采取安全适 用、经济合理的疏散救援等减灾措施,具有重大的社会 效益。 因此,本文对铁路隧道防灾疏散救援工程的主 要技术标准进行解析,期望规范使用者进一步了解规 范制定的思想脉络。
收稿日期:2017 11 30;修回日期:2017 12 06 作者简介:马志富(1969—) ,男,教授级高级工程师,1992 年毕业于西 南交通大学隧 道 工 程 专 业, 工 学 学 士, 主 要 从 事 隧 道 技 术 研 究 工 作。 E鄄mail:mazhifutj@ 126. com。
第 62 卷摇 第 9 期 2018 年 9 月
文章编号:1004 2954(2018)09 0187 06
铁道标准设计 RAILWAY摇 STANDARD摇 DESIGN
Vol. 62摇 No. 9 Sep. 2018
对《 铁路隧道防灾疏散救援工程设计 规范》 主要技术标准的解析
2023年最新铁路建设施工现行标准规范目录
2023年最新铁路建设施工现行标准规范目录本文档旨在提供2023年最新铁路建设施工现行标准规范的目录，以便相关方面能够更好地了解和遵守这些标准规范。
本目录总结了铁路建设施工中的各个方面，包括设计、材料、施工和安全等，并指出了各项标准规范的具体内容。
以下为2023年最新铁路建设施工现行标准规范的目录：1.设计标准规范铁路线路设计标准铁路桥梁设计标准铁路隧道设计标准铁路站场设计标准2.材料标准规范铁路轨道材料标准铁路桥梁材料标准铁路隧道材料标准铁路站场材料标准3.施工标准规范铁路线路施工标准铁路桥梁施工标准铁路隧道施工标准铁路站场施工标准4.安全标准规范铁路线路安全标准铁路桥梁安全标准铁路隧道安全标准铁路站场安全标准请注意，本文档仅为目录，具体的标准规范内容需要根据实际需要和相关法律法规进行查阅。
建议相关方面在进行铁路建设施工时，请遵守并参考相应的标准规范，以确保施工质量和安全性。
以上为2023年最新铁路建设施工现行标准规范的目录。
The document provides the index of the latest standards and ___ railway n。
including design。
materials。
n。
and safety。
___.The following is the index of the latest ___ 2023:1.Design standards and nsRailway track design standardsRailway bridge design standardsRailway ___ ______ standards2.Material standards and nsRailway track material standardsRailway bridge material standards______3.n _______________4.___Railway track safety standardsRailway bridge safety standardsRailway ___ standards___ standardsPlease note that this document only provides the index。
《市域铁路设计规范》主要技术标准
孙 海 富
（中 国铁路 设 计 集 团有 限公 司， 天 津 ３００１４２）
摘要 ：研究 目的 ：市 域铁 路是介于城际铁路和城市轨道交通之 间的一种交通 方式 ，最高设计速度 １６０ ｋｍ／ｈ，技 术标 准侧 重国铁制式 ，运营管理侧重地铁模 式。车辆 选型采用宽体 车和窄体 车两种 ，设 计活载采 用 ｚｓ荷载 。 各专 业技 术标 准围绕市域铁路功能定位 、车辆选 型及设计 活载进 行 了专 题研究 ，编制 形成 《市域铁 路设计规 范》，为推动我国城 镇化发展和满足市域铁路建设需求提供 良好条件 。
Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ ｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｓ：（１）Ｔｈｅ ｍａｘｉｍｕｍ ｈｅｉｇｈｔ ｏｆ ｓｔｒ ｕｃｔｕｒｅ ｇｕａｇｅ ｉｓ（５ ６５０＋Ｙ）ｍｍ ｆ ｏｒ ｗｉｄｅ ｖｅｈｉｃｌｅ ｂｏｄｙ，（５ ５００＋ Ｙ）ｍｍ ｆ ｏｒ ｎａｒｏｗ ｖｅｈｉｃｌｅ ｂｏｄｙ，ｔｈｅ ｍａｘｉｍｕｍ ｗｉｄｔｈ ｉｓ ２ ２００ ｍｍ ｆｏｒ ｗｉｄｅ ｖｅｈｉｃｌｅ ｂｏｄｙ ａｎｄ ２ ０００ ｍｍ ｆｏｒ ｎａｒｒｏｗ ｖｅｈｉｃｌｅ ｂｏｄｙ．（２）ＺＳ ｌｉｖｅ ｌｏａｄ ｉｓ ｕｓｅｄ ｆ ｏｒ ｄｅｓｉｇｎ ｏｆ ｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌ ｒａｉｌｗａｙ．（３）Ｔｈｅ ｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌ ｒａｉｌｗａｙ ｃａｎ ｂｅ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｌｅｄ ｂｙ ｔｈｅ ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｒａｉｌｗａｙ ＣＴＣＳ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ ｏｒ ｔｈｅ ＡＴＣ ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄ ｏｆ ｕｒｂａｎ ｒａｉｌ ｔｒａｎｓｉｔ．（４）Ｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ ｃｅｎｔｅｒｓ ｏｆ ｔｒａｃｋｓ ｏｆ ｗｉｄｅ ｂｏｄｙ ｖｅｈｉｃｌｅ ｉｓ ４．０ ｍ．ｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ ｃｅｎｔｅｒｓ ｏｆ ｔｒａｃｋｓ ｏｆ ｎａｒｏｗ ｂｏｄｙ ｖｅｈｉｃｌｅ ｉｓ ３．８ ｍ．（５）Ｔｈｅ ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅ ａｒｅａ
《客运专线无砟轨道铁路设计指南》
英文回答：The Guide is intended to provide specific policy and technical specifications for the design of a dedicated line—free—orbit railway to ensure the safety,fort and transport efficiency of train traffic. The design of a rail—free track is important as an importantponent of high iron transport. This guidance coversthe design of orbital lines, the selection of orbital materials, the design of orbital bed structures, orbital technical requirements, etc., and is intended to guide engineers and designers in their design inpliance with relevant standards and requirements. To provide engineering personnel with a design and implementation reference, taking into account the realities ofthe passenger line and advanced technology, with emphasis on reform development and efficient transport under the policy approach.本指南旨在针对客运专线无砟轨道铁路的设计提供具体的政策和技术规范，以确保列车行驶安全、舒适和运输效率。
铁路基础设施(英文简介)
IntroductionTrack is the base upon which the railway runs. To give a train a good ride, the track alignment must be set to within a millimeter of the design. Track design and construction is part of a complex and multi-disciplinary engineering science involving earthworks, steelwork, timber and suspension systems - the infrastructure of the railway. Many different systems exist throughout the world and there are many variations in their performance and maintenance. This page looks at the basics of infrastructure and track design and construction with drawings, photos and examples from around the world. Some information was contributed by Dan McNaughton, Simon Lowe and Mike Brotzman.ContentsBackground - Basic Construction - The Sub-Structure - Ballast - Track - Sleepers (Ties) - Rails - Rail Welding - Gauge - Modern Track Forms - Ballasted vs Non-Ballasted Track - Structures - Gauging - Monuments and Datum Plates - Curves - Cant - Turnouts - Crossings - Types of Turnouts - Examples of Turnouts.BackgroundThe track is a fundamental part of the railway infrastructure and represents the primary distinction between this form of land transportation and all others in that it provides a fixed guidance system. The track is the steering base for the train and has evolved from an ancient design of vehicle guidance with origins dating, some historians have suggested, from the Sumerian culture of 2000 BC. The modern railway version is based on the steel wheel running on a steel rail. Other forms of guided vehicle technology exist; rubber-tyred trains, magnetic levitation and guided busways, for example, but these are not dealt with here. There is a good description of the French-based rubber tyred train technology available at The Rubber Tyred Metro.Basic Construction（this fucking pic！）Track is the most obvious part of a railway route but there is a sub-structure supporting the track which is equally as important in ensuring a safe and comfortable ride for the train and its passengers or freight. The infrastructure diagram here shows the principal parts of an electrified, double-track line.The total width across the two-track alignment will be about 15 m (50 ft) for a modern formation. The "cess" shown each side of the alignment is the area available for a walkway or refuge for staff working on the track.The Sub-StructureThis part of the road consists of three main elements; the formation, the sub-ballast and the ballast. The formation is the ground upon which the track will be laid. It can be the natural ground level or "grade" or it can be an embankment or cutting. It is important that the formation is made of the right materials and is properly compacted to carry the loads of passing trains.The formation under the track has a "camber" rather like that seen on a roadway. This is to ensure ease of water run-off to the drains provided on each side of the line. The track itself is supported on "ballast", made up of stones - usually granite or, in the US, basalt - below which is a layer of sand, which separates it from the formation. For new or renewed formations, the sand is normally laid over some sort of geotechnical screen or mesh to separate it from the foundation material below. In the past, asphalt or plastic sheeting has been used to prevent water seepage.Catenary masts (if the line is electrified on the overhead system) are located outside the drains and, beyond them, there is a walkway area. This may just be a cleared path for staff to walk safely, avoiding passing trains or, on modernised routes, a properly constructed path. Next to this path will be a cable trough. These were originally concrete but are nowadays often made of plastic. Cables crossing the track are protected by a plastic tube, usually bright orange in the UK. Proper cable protection is essential to prevent damage by animals, track maintenance tools, weather and fire.Usually, the edge of the railway property is outside the pathway or cable runs. If the line is built through an area requiring an embankment or cutting, the slopes will be carefully designed to ensure that the angle of slope will not take an excessive width of land and allow proper drainage but without risking an earth slip. The slope angle depends on the type of soil available, the exposure, the climate and the vegetation in the area. Drainage ditches are often added along the edges of cuttings and embankments. In the UK, fences are always provided along the boundary line of the railway to protect the public from wandering onto thetrack. Even so, there are a few accidents every year when trespassers are killed or injured by trains or electric conductor rails. Many countries around the world don't fence their railways, assuming people will treat them like roads and look both ways before crossing. They don't.BallastBallast is provided to give support, load transfer and drainage to the track and thereby keep water away from the rails and sleepers. Ballast mustsupport the weight of the track and the considerable cyclic loading of passing trains. Individual loads on rails can be as high as 50 tonnes (55 US or short tons) and around 80 shorttons on a heavy haul freight line. Ballast is made up of stones of granite or a similar material and should be rough in shape to improve the locking of stones. In this way they will better resist movement. Ballast stones with smooth edges do not work so well. Ballast will be laid to a depth of 9 to 12 inches (up to 300 mm on a high speed track). Ballast weighs about 1,600 to 1,800 kg/cu/m. See also Ballasted vsNon-Ballasted Track below.TrackThe usual track form consists of the two steel rails, secured on sleepers (or crossties, shortened to ties, in the US) so as to keep the rails at the correct distance apart (the gauge) and capable of supporting the weight of trains. There are various types of sleepers and methods of securing the rails to them. Sleepers are normally spaced at 650 mm (25 ins) to 760 mm (30 ins) intervals, depending on the particular railway's standard requirements.Sleepers (Ties)Traditionally, sleepers (known as ties in the US) are wooden. They can be softwood or hardwood. Most in the UK are softwood, although London Underground uses a hardwood called Jarrah wood. Sleepers are normally impregnated with preservative （注入防腐剂）and, under good conditions, will last up to 25 years. They are easy to cut and drill and used to be cheap and plentiful. Nowadays, they are becoming more expensive and other types of materials have appeared, notably concrete and steel.Concrete is the most popular of the new types (left). Concrete sleepers are much heavier than wooden ones, so they resist movementbetter. They work well under most conditions but there are some railways which have found that they do not perform well under the loads of heavy haul freight trains. They offer less flexibility and are alleged to crack more easily under heavy loads with stiff ballast. They also have the disadvantage that they cannot be cut to size for turnouts and special trackwork. A concrete sleeper can weighs up to 320 kg (700 lbs) compared with a wooden sleeper which weighs about 100 kg or 225lbs. The spacing of concrete sleepers is about 25% greater than wooden sleepers. Typical concrete sleepers are shown in the photo below:Another type of concrete sleeper is shown in this drawing. This is the twin-block sleeper.The design consists of two concrete blocks joined by a steel bar. It is 30% lighter than a regular concrete sleeper, allowing it to be moved manually. It is popular in France (where it is called Stedef) and for some lighter track forms like those used for tramway systems. Here is an example in Sheffield.It shows twin block and wooden sleepers in the same track. The sleepers shown in the above photo are supplemented with wooden sleepers at the crossover, because it is easier to cut the timber to the correct size. Sleepers at crossovers and turnouts vary in size according to their position in the layout.Steel sleepers are also now used on more lightly used roads, but they are regarded as suitable only where speeds are 100 mi/h (160 km/h) or less.In the US most ties are made of oak soaked in creosote, cost on average between $22-$29 each. Iit used to be up to $35-$40 per tie in the late 80's. They can last up to 20 years. Most Class 1 RR's will replace them after 5-10 years and then sell them as used. Concrete ties are $42 dollars. They are popular in the western US and on passenger lines in the east. Recently, composite ties have come on themarket. They are made of something like old tires and recycled plastic. They can be used and spiked like regualar ties, cost about 50% less and save on trees.RailThe standard form of rail used around the world is the "flat bottom" rail. It has a wide base or "foot" and narrower top or "head". The UK introduced a type of rail which was not used elsewhere - apart from a few UK designed railways. This was known as "Bullhead" rail and is shown in comparison with the standard type in the diagram left.Bullhead rail was originally designed with reuse in mind. It was intended that it would be turned over when the top had worn but this proved impossible becausethe underside also wore where it had been secured to the sleeper. Bullhead rail has to be mounted in a special "chair" made of cast iron and secured by a "key" wedged between the rail web and the chair. The chairs are secured to the sleepers by "coach screws". The arrangement can be seen in the first photo below:Bullhead Rails Flat bottom railThe second photo above shows a flat bottom rail clipped to a baseplate under the rail. Flat bottom rails can also be "spiked" directly to the sleepers. A wide headed nail is driven into the sleeper on each side of the rail so that the foot of the rail is held by the heads of the spikes. Long stretches of track were laid in record times across the US in the pioneering days of railroad development using this method of securing rails to "ties". Nowadays, heavier loads and faster trains require more sophisticated systems.Normally, the rail rests on a cast steel plate which is screwed or bolted to the sleeper. The rail is attached to the plate by a system of clips or clamps, depending on the design. The older UK standard design was an elastic spike with a sprung, curved top which secures the rail. There are a number of variations seen around the world. One of the most popular is the "Pandrol" clip seen above. A resilient pad will be provided between the rail and the base plate and around the securing clip, where required to provide insulation for the track circuits, if installed.The infrastructure owning company in the UK (currently known as Network Rail), has adopted UIC60 rail (which weighs 60 kg/m or 125 lb/yd) as its standard for high speed lines. The present standard is equivalent to the UIC 54 rail, which weighs about 113 lbs/yd or 54 kg/m. Did you know, there are 2,400 sleepers (ties) in a mile of track?In the US, rail weight varries from 80-90 lb/yd (pounds/yard) in small yards to100-110 lb/yd on light duty track and between 130 and 141 lbs on heavy duty track. Rail of 141 lbs is the new main line standard. The Pennsylvania RR used a special 155 lb/yd rail, which was the heaviest ever rolled for mainline operations. Some of it is still in place with 8-bolt joints instead of the more usual6-bolt joints. It is over an inch taller than comparable 141 pound rail. Highest price steel rail costs $700 a ton (2000lbs). A 133 pound rail costs $46.55 per yard (0.92 m.).Older track is jointed. In the UK, about 35% of track is still jointed, although this is continuously falling as new rail is installed. Rails were normally laid in standard lengths bolted together by what are called fishplates in the UK or splices in theUS. The joints allowed sufficient space for expansion as they were provided at 60 foot intervals in the UK and 39 foot in the US, allowing them to be carried in a standard 40 ft flat wagon. The joints were always staggered in the US whereas the UK placed them side by side. The result of the US staggered joints can be seen in the curious rolling motion of freight cars running on poorly maintained track. The reason for the staggering is that, in the US it was determined thatafter jointed rail has been in place for a time it starts to drop and creates a depression. When a wheel falls into the depression and begins to climb out again it exerts a force. If the two joints were in parallel this force would be much larger and the joints might snap. This is not considered a problem in the UK and Europe, probably because of the lighter axle loads.Nowadays, rail is welded into long lengths,which can be up to several hundred metres long. Expansion is minimised by installing and securing the rails in tension. Provided the tension is adjusted to the correct level, equivalent to a suitable rail temperature level, expansion joints are not normally needed. Special joints to allow rail adjustment are provided at suitable locations as shown in the photo below:Adjustment switches are also provided to protect turnouts and at locations where a change in the rail design or size occurs.Rail tends to creep in the main direction of travel so "rail anchors" ("anti-creepers" in the US) are installed at intervals along the track. They are fitted under the rail against a base plate to act as a stop against movement.Rail WeldingModern trackwork uses long welded rail lengths to provide a better ride, reduce wear, reduce damage to trains and eliminate the noise associated with railjoints. Rail welding is a complex art (or science) depending on how you feel about it. There are two main types of welding used for rails: Thermit welding and Flash Butt welding.GaugeThe standard track gauge - the distance between the two rails - is 4 ft. 8½ in or 1435 mm. but many other gauges, wider and narrower than this, are in use around the world. Gauge is often intentionally widened slightly on curved track.There is some additional information on Track Gauges at the Pacific Southwest Railroad Museum site.Modern Track FormsThere are now a range of modern track forms using a concrete base. They are generally used in special locations such as tunnels or bridges where a rigid base is required to ensure track stability in relation to the surrounding structures. This type of track, usually called "slab track" or "non-ballasted" track, often appears as shown in the diagram below:The earth mat is a steel mesh screen provided on electrified railways to try to keep stray return currents from connecting to utilities pipes and nearby steel structures. Earthing must be strictly controlled otherwise serious and expensive problems will occur, made more serious and expensive because they involve other people's property.Some slab track systems have the sleepers resting on rubber or similar pads so that they become "floating slab track". Floating track is used as a way of reducing vibration. Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway is fond of it, since its lines run through very densely populated areas.Ballasted vs Non-Ballasted TrackThe basic argument for different track designs will be based on the bottom line - cost; cost of installation and cost of maintenance. There are however, other issues such as environment - noise, dust and vibration - or engineering issues such as space, location, climate and the type of service intended for the track.There are a wide variety of track forms and systems incorporating some form of concrete base or support which doesn't need ballast. Almost all of these require less depth of construction than ballasted track. However, the accuracy of installation must be higher than that needed for ballasted track. Slab track will not be adjusted after installation but ballast can be packed to align track as required. The ability of ballast to allow track realignment is one of its most serious weaknesses. The lateral movement caused by passing trains on curved track is one of the major causes of maintenance costs added to which is the crushing caused by axle weight and damage due to weather and water. Ballast damage leads to tracks "pumping" as a train passes and, eventually, rail or sleeper damage will occur, to say nothing of the reduced comfort inside the train and the additional wear on rolling stock. Apart from regular repacking or "tamping", ballast will have to be cleaned or replaced every few years.Another aspect to the ballasted track design, is the dust which is caused during installation and as it wears or gets crushed. It does however, offer a useful sound deadening quality.Fixed track formations using slab track or a concrete base of some sort do not suffer from such problems. However, the installation of slab track is reported to cost about 20% more than ballasted track. To balance this cost, the maintenance costs have been quoted as reduced by 3 to 5 times that of ballasted track on a high speed line in Japan.If low levels of use are foreseen, or if low capital cost is a more important requirement, ballasted track would be the choice. For a heavily used railway, particularly one in a structurally restricted area like a tunnel or viaduct,non-ballasted track must be the best option on grounds of low maintenance cost and reduced space requirements. However, care must be taken during design and installation to ensure the best out of the system.StructuresTo ensure that the path required for the passage of trains is kept clear along the route of a railway, a "structure gauge" is imposed. This has the effect of forming a limit of building inside which no structures may intrude. The limit includes not only things like walls, bridges and columns but also pipes, cables, brackets and signal posts. The "structure gauge" will vary with the curvature of the line and the maximum speeds allowed along the section in question.Although the civil engineer is prevented from allowing his structure to intrude into the train path, the rolling stock engineer also has limits imposed on the space his train may occupy. This space is referred to as the "kinematic envelope". This area designates the limits the train can move laterally and vertically along the route. As for the structure gauge, the kinematic envelope will be affected by speed and features of train design such as the bogie suspension and special systems it may have like tilting.GaugingThe line of route has to be checked from time to time to ensure that the structures are not interfering with the gauge. A line is always gauged when a new type of rolling stock is to be introduced. It is important to see that the small variations in track position, platform edge, cable duct location and signal equipment hasn't been allowed to creep inwards during maintenance and renewal programmes.Gauging used to be done by hand locally (and still is from time to time in special circumstances) but nowadays, it is mostly done with a special train. The train used consist of a special car with a wooden frame built almost to the gauge limits. Theedges of the frame were fitted with lead fingers so that, if they hit anything as the train moved along, they would bend to indicate the location and depth of intrusion.Modern gauging trains are fitted with optical or laser equipment. The optical system uses lights to spread beams of light out from the train as it runs along the line. Suitably mounted cameras record the breaks in the light beams to provide the gauging information. The train can run at up to 50 mi/h (80 km/h) but, of course, the runs have to be done at night. Laser beams are also used but, as they rotate round the train and form a "spiral" of light, the method suffers from gaps which can allow intrusions to be missed.Monuments and Datum PlatesAlong the line of route various locations are marked by a fixed post in the track or a plate on a nearby structure to indicate the correct level or position of thetrack. These are called monuments or datum plates. Measurements are taken from these to confirm the correct position of the track.CurvesCurves in the track are almost a science on their own. Careful calculations are required to ensure that curves are designed and maintained properly and that train speeds are allowed to reach a reasonable level without causing too much lateral stress on the track or inducing a derailment. There are both vertical curves and horizontal curves. There is also a section of track on either side of a curve known as the transition, where the track is changing from straight to a curve or from a curve of one radius to one of another radius.CantCant is the name used to describe the cross level angle of track on a curve, which is used to compensate for lateral forces generated by the train as it passes through the curve. In effect, the sleepers are laid at an angle so that the outer rail on the curve is at a higher level than the inner rail. In the US, it is known as superelevation.Of course, there will usually be trains of different types, permitted speeds at different levels, which travel the same curve. Also, there will be occasions when trains stop on the curve. This means that the degree of cant has to be fixed at a compromise figure to allow the safety of stopped trains and the best speeds for all the trains using the curve.In practice, faster trains are allowed to travel round the curve at a speed greater than the equilibrium level offered by the cant setting. Passengers will therefore feel a lateral acceleration similar to what they would feel if there was no cant and the train was travelling at a lower speed round the curve. The difference between theequilibrium cant required by the higher speed and the actual cant is known as the cant deficiency.Cant is measured either in degrees or in linear dimensions. On standard gauge track (1435 mm or 4ft. 8½ins.) 150 mm or 6 ins. of cant is equal to 6 degrees. This is the normal maximum in the UK. The maximum amount of cant deficiency allowed is 110 mm (4½ ins.).TurnoutsI have used the word "turnout" to describe the junctions in trackwork where lines diverge or converge so as to avoid "points" (UK) or "switches" (US), both of which terms can be confusing. In the railway "trade", turnouts are referred to as "switch and crossing work". A turnout consists of a number of parts as follows:The moving part of the turnout is the switch "blade" or "point", one for each route. The two blades are fixed to each other by a tie bar to ensure that when one is against its stock rail, the other is fully clear and will provide room for the wheel flange to pass through cleanly. Either side of the crossing area, wing and check rails are provided to assist the guidance of the wheelsets through the crossing. CrossingsThe crossing can be cast or fabricated. Rails are usually made of steel with a large iron content but a little manganese is added to crossings and some heavily used rails to increase resistance to wear. Below is a photo of an example of a cast manganese crossing. A crossing is also sometimes referred to as a "frog". Types of TurnoutsThere are a number of standard layouts or types of turnouts, as shown in the following diagrams.These can be found anywhere but the trend is to make layouts as simple as possible in order to reduce installation and maintenance costs. The more complex layouts are usually only used where space is limited.Examples of TurnoutsThe uses of turnouts are wide ranging and cover many variations. A few examples are offered below to show the diversity available.Trap Points are provided at the end of a siding or loop line to protect the main line from a train or vehicles which accidentally pass beyond the limits of the siding. They are normally unpowered trailing points, i.e. they allow a train to pass safely through one direction but will cause the train to be derailed if it passes in the wrong direction.Similar points called Catch Points were often provided at the lower end of a gradient to derail runaway vehicles. In the photo shown here, the points are provided at the limit of authorised shunting.High Speed SwitchHigh Speed trains require high speed turnouts. In Japan, theso-called "bullet train" or "Shinkansen" has special routes and trackwork. Turnouts are designed for 160 km/h (100 mi/h) operation. In the example shown here, there are seven point motors to operate the very long and heavy switch blade. Similar turnouts are provided for the TGV high speed lines in France.Switched CrossingA switched crossing (sometimes referred to as a swing nose crossing or moveable frog) will normally be provided for turnouts with a very acute angle. The crossing will have a powered element which will be set for the required route at the same time as the switch blade is set.The blades of a turnout are normally moved remotely using an electrically operated point machine. The machine contains the contacts which confirm the points are moved and locked in the correct position for the route set. Point machines are normally located to one side of the track but a new generation of machines is now appearing where the mechanism is contained in a sleeper fitting between the rails.US Switch MachineIn some parts of the US. electro-pneumatic point machines are used. They are referred to as switch motors. The London Underground also used e.p. motors. They require an air main to be laid alongside the track and compressors to supply the air. They can also cause problems with condensation due to climatic changes. This photo also shows a heater used to keep the turnout blades free of ice and snow during bad weather.Sources:Railway Age; Modern Railways; International Railway Journal; Railway Gazette International; Mass Transit; Trains Magazine.。
铁路工程建设项目水土保持方案技术标准
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建设工程规范中英对照
建设工程文件归档整理规范Code for Construction Project Document Filing and Arrangement粮食平房仓设计规范Code of Design of Grain Storehouses建造工程施工质量验收统一标准Unified Standard for ConstructionalQuality 组合钢模板技术规范Technical Code of Composite Steel-Form建造装饰装修工程质量验收规范Code for Construction Quality Acceptance of Building Decoration钢结构工程施工质量验收规范Code for acceptance of construction quality of steel structures工业锅炉安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of industrial boiler installation engineering电气装置安装工程电力变流设备施工及验收规范Electric equipment installation engineering Code for construction and acceptance of power convertor equipment电气装置安装工程电气设备交接试验标准Erection works of electrical installations Standard for hand—over test of electric equipment电气装置安装工程母线施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Code for construction and acceptance of bus-bar device电气装置安装工程高压电器施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Code for construction and acceptance of high voltage appliance工业用水软化除盐设计规范Code for design of industrial water softening and demineralization室外煤气热力工程设施抗震鉴定标准Code for seismic assessment of outdoor gas and heating engineering facilities工业金属管道设计规范Code for design of industrial metallic pipeline engineering预制混凝土构件质量检验评定标准Standard for quality inspection and assessment of precast concrete members建设工程监理规范Code for construction project management城市排水工程规划规范_ Code for planning of urban sewerage engineering猪屠宰与分割车间设计规范Code for design of workshop for pig slaughter and segmentation砌体工程检测技术标准Code for design of industrial metallic pipeline engineering智能建造设计标准Standard for design of intelligent buildings消防通信指挥系统设计规范Code for design of fire communication and command system 建造与建造群综合布线系统工程验收规范Code for engineering acceptance of generic cabling system for building and campus建造与建造群综合布线系统工程设计规范Code for engineering design of generic cabling system for building and campus电梯安装工程质量检验评定标准Standard for quality inspection and assessment of erection works of elevators工业炉砌工程质量检验评定标准Standard for quality inspection and assessment of brick works for industrial furnaces地下铁道、轻轨交通工程测量规范Code for engineering surveying of subway and light rail transit engineering地下铁道、轻轨交通岩土工程勘察规范Code for geotechnical engineering investigation ofsubway and light rail transit建筑安装工程质量检验评定标准( 容器工程) Standard for quality inspection and assessment of building construction erection works(container)建造安装工程质量检验说不定标准(通用机械设备安装工程) Standard for quality inspection and assessment of building construction erection works (general machinery equipment)通风与空调工程质量检验评定标准Standard for quality inspection and assessment of Ventilation and air—conditioning works建造电气安装工程质量评定标准Standard for quality inspection and assessmentof ventilation and air—conditioning works建造采暖卫生与煤气工程质量检验评定标准Standard for quality inspection and assessment of building heating，sanitary and gas engineering建造工程质量检验评定标准Standard for quality inspection and assessment of building construction建造安装工程质量检验评定统一标准Unified standard for quality inspection and assessment of building constructional erection works地下铁道工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of subway engineering风景名胜区规划规范Code for planning of scenic area电力工程基本术语标准Standard for basic terms of electric power engineering供水管井技术规范Technical standard for water supply well水泥工厂设计规范Code for design of cement plants核电厂总平面及运输设计规范Code for design of general plan and transportation of nuclear power plants城市电力规划规范Code for planning of urban electric power民用建造可靠性鉴定标准Standard for reliability evaluation of civil buildings房地产估价规范Code for appraisal of real estate土工合成材料应用技术规范Technical code for application of geosynthetics城市工程管线综合规划规范Code for comprehensive planning of urban engineering pipeline灌溉与排水工程设计规范Code for design of irrigation and drainage水利水电工程地质勘察规范Code for geological investigation of water resources and hydropower engineering堤防工程设计规范Code for design of levee projects调幅收音台和调频电视转播台与公路防护商距标准Standard for protection distance from highway to AM, FM and TV rebroadcast stations飞机库设计防火规范Code for fire protection design of aircraft hangar公路工程结构可靠度设计统一标准Unified standard of reliability design of highway engineering structures城市给水工程规化规范Code for planning of urban water supply engineering泡沫灭火系统施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of foam fire extinguishing systems城市规划基本术语标准岩土工程基本术语标准Standard for basic terminology of urban planningStandard for fundamental terms of geotechnical engineering起重设备安装工程施工验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of crane installation engineering铸造设备安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of casting equipment installation engineering破碎粉磨设备安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of crusher and mill equipment installation engineering压缩机、风机、泵安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of compressor，fan and pump installation engineering制冷设备空气分离设备安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of industrial boiler installation engineering锻压设备安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of forging —press equipment installation engineering金属切削机床安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of metal - cutting machine installation engineering连续输送设备安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of continuous conveyer equipment installation engineering地基动力特性测试规范Code for measurement method of dynamic properties of subsoil 给水排水管道工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of water supply and sewerage pipeline engineering核电厂抗震设计规范Code for seismic design of unclear power plants工程岩体试验方法标准Standard for test methods of engineering rock masses泵站设计规范Code for design of pumping stations工业设备及管道绝热工程设计规范Code for design of heat insulation engineering of industrial equipment and pipe lines气体灭火系统施工及验收规范Code for installation and acceptance of gas fire extinguishing systems铁路工程基本术语标准Standard for fundamental terms of railway engineering自动喷水灭火系统施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing systems电力设施抗震设计规范Code for design of seismic of electrical installations电气装置安装工程电气照明装置施工及验收规范Electric equipment installation engineering Code for construction and acceptance of electric lighting devices电气装置安装工程1KV 及以下配线工程施工及验收规范Electric equipment installation engineering Code for construction and acceptance of 1kV and under feeder cable engineering电气装置安装工程爆炸和火灾危（wei）险环境电气装置施工及验收规范Electric equipmentinstallation engineering Code for construction and acceptance of electric device within explosion and fire hazard atmospheres电气装置安装工程起重机电气装置施工及验收规范Electric equipment installation engineering Code for construction and acceptance of power convertor equipment电气装置安装工程低压电器施工及验收规范Electric equipment installation engineering Code for construction and acceptance of low-voltage apparatus输油管道理工程设计规范Code for design of oil transmission pipeline engineering工业安装工程质量检验说不定统一标准Unified standard for quality inspection andassessment of industrial erection engineering输气管道工程设计规范Code for design of gas transmission pipeline engineering通风与空调工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of ventilation and air —conditioning works采暖与卫生工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of heating and sanitary works现场设备、工业管道焊接工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of welding works of on —site equipment and industrial pipeline工业金属管道工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of industrial metallic pipeline engineering110~500kV 架空电力路线施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of 110~kV over — head electrical power transmission机械设备安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of mechanical equipment installation engineering火力发电厂与变电所设计防火规范Code for fire protection design of power plant and substation工程测量基本术语标准Standard for foundational terminology of engineering survey并联电容器装置设计规范Code for design of installation of shunt capacitors铁路旅客车站建造设计规范Code for design of railway passenger station buildings人民防空工程设计规范Code for design of civil air defense works建造防腐蚀工程质量检验评定标准Standard for quality inspection and assessment of anticorrosion engineering of buildings建造抗震设防分类标准Standard for classification of seismic protection of buildings建造内部装修设计防火规范Code for fire prevention design of interior decorationof buildings钢结构工程质量检验评定标准Standard for quality inspection and assessment of structural steel engineering城市道路交通规划设计规范Code for planning design of transport on urban road水喷雾灭火系统设计规范Code for design on water spray fore extinguishing systems工程岩体分级标准Standard for classification of engineering rock masses电力工程电缆设计规范Code for design of cables of electric works铁路工程结构可靠度设计统一标准Unified standard for reliability design of railway煤炭工业矿井设计规范Code for the colliery design of coal mining industry矿山井巷工程施工及验收规范engineering建造防腐蚀工程施工及验收规范corrosion prevention works工业炉砌筑工程施工及验收规范industrial furnaces Code for construction and acceptance of mining pit Code for construction and acceptance of building Code for construction and acceptance of brick works for建造地面工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of ground and floor engineering地下防水工程施工验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of underground water proof engineering屋面工程技术规范Technical code for roof engineering木结构工程施工质量验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of timber structureengineering砌体工程施工质量验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of masonry structure engineering地基与基础工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of foundation engineering土方与爆破工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of earthwork and blasting engineering防洪标准Standard for flood control有线电视系统工程技术规范Technical code for CATV system水利水电工程结构可靠度设计统一标准Unified standard for reliability design of hydraulic engineering structures民用闭路监视电视系统工程技术规范Technical code for civil closed circuit monitoring TV system engineering露天煤矿工程设计规范Code for design of open pit coal mine engineering高倍数、中倍数泡沫灭火系统设计规范(2002 年版) Code for design of high and medium expansion foam fore extinguishing systems发生炉煤气站设计规范Code for design of producer gas stations建设工程施工现场面供用电安全规范Code for safety of power supply and consumption in engineering construction site二氧化碳灭火系统设计规范Code for design of carbon dioxide fire extinguishing systems 河港工程设计规范Code for design of river port engineering构筑物抗震设计规范Code for design of earthquake-resistant of structural constructions 多层厂房楼盖抗微振设计规范Code for design of anti-micro —vibration of multistoryfactory floor旅游旅馆建造热工与空气调节节能设计标准Standard for design of air conditioning and energy conservation in tourism hotel buildings村镇规划标准Standard for planning of rural village and town工业企业总平面设计规范Code for design of general plan for industrial enterprises港口工程基本术语标准Standard for basic terms of port engineering工业设备及管道绝热工程质量检验评定标准Standard for quality inspection and assessment of heat insulation engineering of industrial equipment and pipelines工业金属管道工程质量检验评定标准Standard for quality inspection and assessment of industrial metal pipeline engineering原油和天然气工程设计防火规范Code for fire protection design of crude电气装置安装工程电梯电气装置施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Code for construction and acceptance of electrical appa蓄滞洪区建造工程技术规范Technical code for constructional engineering in flood detention basin城市居住区规划设计规范Code of urban Residential areas planning m Design河流流量测验规范Code for measurement of fluid flow in open channels建造气候区划标准Standard for climatic region-alization for building and civil engineering 氢氧站设计规范Code for design of hydrogen and oxygen stations民用建造热工设计规范Code for thermal design of civil buildings露天煤矿工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of open pit coal-mine engineering电子计算机机房设计规范Code for design of electronic computer room电气装置安装工程35kV 及以下架空电力路线施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Code for construction and acceptance of 35kV and under over-head power levels电气装置安装工程蓄电池施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Code for construction and acceptance of battery电气装置安装工程盘、柜及二次回路结线施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installation and acceptance of switchboard outfit, complete cubicle and secondary circuit 电气装置安装工程旋转机电施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Code of construction and acceptance of rotating electrical machines电气装置安装工程接地装置施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Code for construction and acceptance of earthed devices电气装置安装工程电缆路线施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Code for construction and acceptance of cable levels工程摄影测量标准Code for engineering photogrammetry火灾自动报警系统施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of automatic fore alarm systems古建造木结构维护与加固技术规范Technical code for maintenance and reinforcement of ancient timber buildings混凝土质量控制标准Standard for quality control of concrete卤代烷1301 灭火设计规范Code for design of halon 1301 for extinguishing systems道路工程制图标准Standard for road engineering drawing烟花爆竹工厂设计安全规范Code for safety design of fire-works and firecrackers plants 石油化工企业设计防火规范code for fire protection design of petrochemical enterprises 河流悬移质泥沙测验规范Code for measurement of suspended sediment in open channels港口工程结构可靠度设计统一标准Unified standard for reliability design of port engineering地下铁道设计规范code for design of under-ground railway小型石油库及汽车加油站设计规范Code for design of small petrochemical storage depots and service stations采暖通风与空气调节术语标准Standard for terminology of heating ，ventilation and air-conditioning地下及覆土火药炸药仓库设计安全生产规范Code for safety design of underground and earth powder and explosive warehouse工程结构可靠度设计统一标准Unified standard for reliability design of engineering structures混凝土结构试验方法标准Standard for test methods of concrete structures低倍数泡沫灭火系统设计规范Code for design of low expansion foam extinguishing systems电气装置安装工程高压电器施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Code for construction and acceptance of high voltage appliance粉煤灰混凝土应用技术规程Technical code for application of fly ash concrete土的分类标准Standard for classification of soils工业厂房可靠性鉴定标准Standard for reliability evaluation of industrial factory buildings 架空电力路线、变电所对电视差转台、转播台无线电干扰防护间距标准Standard for protective spacing of radio interference from over—head electric lines，substations to t 中、短波广播发射台与电缆载波通信系统的防护间距标准Standard for protective spacing between medium ，short wave broadcast transmitting station and electric cable carrier telecommunication systems给水排水构筑物施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of constructional structures of water supply and sewerage建造灭火器配置设计规范Code for design of extinguisher disposition in buildings内河通航标准Standard for navigation of inland river水位观测标准Standard for observation of water level城市用地分类与规划建设用地标准Standard for classification of urban land and for planning of constructional land电镀废水管理设计规范Code for design of disposal of electroplating waste water高耸结构设计规范Code for design of high— rise structures人防工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of civil air defense works 民用建造照明设计标准Standard for design of artificial lighting in civil buildings工程结构设计基本术语和通用符号Standard for basic terms and general symbols used in structural design of engineering自动化仪表安装工程质量检验评定标准Standard for quality inspection and assessment of installation works for automatic instruments钢筋混凝土升板结构技术规范Technical code for reinforced concrete lift—slab structure 砌体基本力学性能试验方法标准Standard for test methods of basic mechanical properties of masonry立式圆筒开形钢制焊接油罐施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of stand cylindrical steel welded oil storage tank架空索道工程技术规范Technical code for aerial ropeway engineering工业设备及管道绝热工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of heat insulation in industrial equipment and pipe work给水排水设计基本术语标准Standard for basic terms used in design of water supply and sewerage engineering道路工程术语标准Standard for terms used in road engineering土工试验方法标准Standard for test methods of earthworks工业企业噪声测量规范Code for measurement of noise in industrial enterprises建造隔声评价标准Standard for assessment of building sound insulation工业企业共用天线电视系统设计规范Code for design of community television system in industrial enterprises混凝土外加剂应用技术规范Technical code for application of admixture in concrete民用建造隔声设计规范Code for sound insulation design of civil buildings工业构筑物抗震鉴定标准Standard for earthquake-resistant evaluation of industrial constructional structures火灾自动报警系统设计规范Code for design of automatic fire alarm systems工业电视系统工程设计规范Code for design of close circuit television system采暖通风与空气调节制图标准Standard for heating ，ventilation and air—conditioning drawings液压滑动模板施工技术规范Technical code for construction using hydraulic slip formworks膨胀土地区建造技术规范Technical code for buildings in swelling soil zone铁路工程抗震设计规范Code for seismic design of railway engineering卤代烷1211 灭火系统设计规范Code for design of haton1211fire extinguishing systems 地下工程防水技术规范Technical code for water proof in underground engineering混凝土强度检验评定标准Standard for inspection and assessment of strength of concrete给水排水制图标准Standard for water supply and sewerage drawing建造结构制图标准Standard for structural drawing建造制图标准Standard for architectural drawing总图制图标准Standard for general layout drawing工业循环冷却水设计规范Code for design of industrial recirculating cooling water建造楼梯模数协调标准住宅建造模数协调标准中小学校建造设计规范Standard for modular coordination of building staircases Standard for modular coordination of dwelling houses Code for design of secondary and primary school buildings人民防空工程设计防火规范Code for fire protection design of civil air defense works水泥混凝土路面施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of cement concrete pavement住宅设计规范Code for design of dwelling houses水文基本术语和符号标准Standard for terms and symbols used in hygrometry球形储罐施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of spherical tank工业自动化仪表工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of industrial automatic instrument works沥青路面施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of asphalt pavement铁路车站及枢纽设计规范Code for design of railway stations and railway terminals铁路线路设计规范Code for design of railway line民用爆破器材工厂设计安全规范Code for safety design of civil explosive materials manufacturing plants驻波管法吸声系数与声阻抗率测量规范Code for measurement of sound—absorbing coefficient and specific acoustic impedance of standing—wave工业企业噪声控制设计规范Code for design of noise control in industrial enterprises锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范Technical code for shot concrete rock bolts shore喷灌工程技术规范Technical code for sprinkling irrigation engineering自动喷水灭火系统设计规范Code for design of automatic fire sprinkler systems建造结构设计术语和符号标准Standard for terminology and symbols used in design of building structures普通混凝土长期性能和耐久性能试验方法Standard for test methods of long—term performance and durability of ordinary concrete普通混凝土力学性能试验方法标准Standard for test methods of mechanical properties of ordinary concrete普通混凝土拌合物性能试验方法Standard for test methods of properties of ordinary concrete mixture工业企业通信接地设计规范Code for design of telecommunications earthing in industrial enterprises烟囱工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of chimney works钢筋混凝土筒仓设计规范Code for design of reinforced concrete silos厅堂混响时间测量规范Code for measurement of reverberation time in hall建造隔声测量规范Code for measurement of building sound insulation石油库设计规范Code for design of petroleum depots洁净厂房设计规范Code for design of industrial clean rooms冷库设计规范Code for design of cold-storages小型水力发电站设计规范Code for design of small—sized hydropower stations矿山电力装置设计规范Code for design of mine electrical power equipment给水排水工程结构设计规范Code for structural design of water supply and sewerage engineering建造结构设计统一标准Unified standard for design of building structures汽车库、修车库、停车场设计防火规范Code for fire protection design of garage, motor repair shop and parking area制冷设备安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of installation works of refrigeration equipment工业与民用电力装置的接地设计规范Code for design of earthing of industrial and civil electrical installation工业与民用电力装置的过电压保护设计规范Code for design of over —voltage protection of industrial and civil electrical installation电力装置的电气测量仪表装置设计规范Code for design of electrical measuring instrumentation of electrical installation电力装置的继电保护和自动装置设计规范Code for design of relaying protection and automatic device of electric power installation66KV 及以下架空电力路线设计规范Code for design of 66KV or under over-head electrical power transmission line3~110KV 高压配电装置设计规范Code for design of 3~110KV high voltage electrical installations35~110KV 变电所设计规范Code for design of 35~110KV爆炸和火灾危（wei）险环境电力装置设计规范Code for design of electric installations within explosion and fire hazard atmospheres建造物防雷设计规范Code for design of lightning protection of buildings电热设备电力装置设计规范Code for design of electrical equipment of electroheat installations通用用电设备配电设计规范Code for design of power distribution of general electrical installations低压配电装置及路线设计规范Code for design of low voltage power distribution installations and wiring systems10KV 及以下变电所设计规范Code for design of 10KV or under substations供配电系统设计规范Code for design of electric power supply systems烟囱设计规范Code for design of chimneys工业循环冷却水处理设计规范Code for design of industrial recirculating cooling water treatment小型火力发电厂设计规范Code for design of small -sized power plant混响室法吸声系数测量规范Code for measurement of sound -absorbing coefficient in reverberation room工业建造防腐蚀设计规范Code for design of corrosion prevention of industrial buildings 高层民用建造设计防火规范Code for fire protection design of high— rise buildings室外给水排水工程设施抗震鉴定标准Standard for seismic assessment of outdoor water supply and sewerage engineering facilities工业企业通信设计规范Code for design of telecommunication in industrial enterprises锅炉房设计规范Code for design of boiler house动力机器基础设计规范Code for design of dynamic machine foundation村镇建造设计防火规范Code for fire protection design of rural buildings人民防空地下室设计规范Code for design of basement for civil air defense建造地面设计规范Code of design for ground surface and floor of buildings工业企业照明设计标准Standard for artificial lighting design of industrial enterprises医院洁净手术部建造技术规范Standard for daylighting design of industrial enterprises 室外给水排水和煤气热力工程抗震设计规范Code for earthquake-resistant design of outdoor water supply, sewerage，gas and heating engineering乙炔站设计规范Code for design of acetylene stations氧气站设计规范Code for design of oxygen station压缩空气站设计规范Code for design of compressed air stations城镇燃气设计规范Code for design of city gas engineering供水水文地质勘察规范Code for hydro—geological investigation of water supply工程测量规范Code for engineering surveying湿陷性黄土地区建造规范Code for building construction in collapsible loess zone建造抗震鉴定标准厂矿道路设计规范岩土工程勘察规范Standard for earthquake— resistant evaluation of buildings Code for design of road in factories and mining areas Code for investigation of geotechnical engineering采暖通风与空气调节设计规范Code for design of heating ，ventilation and air conditioning冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范Technical code for design of cold-formed thin -wall steel structures钢结构设计规范Code for design of steel structures建造设计防火规范Code for fire protection design of buildings建造给水排水设计规范Code for design of building water supply and sewerage室外排水设计规范Code for design of outdoor sewerage engineering室外给水设计规范Code for design of outdoor water supply engineering工业企业标准轨距铁路设计规范Code for design of standard track gauge railway in industrial enterprises建造抗震设计规范Code for seismic design of buildings混凝土结构设计规范Code for design of concrete structures建造结构荷载规范Loading code for design of building structures建造地基基础设计规范Code for design of building厂房建造模数协调标准Standard for modular coordination of factory buildings 木结构设计规范Code for design of timber structures砌体结构设计规范Code for design of masonry structures建造模数协调统一标准Unified standard for modular coordination of buildings 房屋建造制图统一标准Unified standard for building drawing。
《铁路专用线设计规范(试行)》主要技术标准研究
2020年9月铁路工程技术与经济第35卷第5期《铁路专用线设计规范（试行A主要技术标准研究刘传朋(中国铁路经济规划研究院有限公司，北京100038)摘要：铁路专用线建设、运营成本高，影响企业投资积极性，本文结合铁路专用线建设运营的经验，依托调研成果和理论分析，分析了标准偏高的问题,提出了新的铁路专用线定义，给出了适宜的设计活栽，围绕铁路专用线功能定位及设计活栽阐述了各专业的技术标准。
经研究预测，采用上述措施，有利于降低工程造价，加快推进铁路专用线建设。
关键词：铁路专用线；设计；标准中图分类号:U212.31 文献标识码:A文章编号：1007 -9890(2020)05 -0001 -04Study on Main Technical Standards of Code for Designof Railway Industrial Siding (Trial)LIU Chuan-peng(China Railway Economic and Planning Research Institute Co,Ltd.Beijing 100038，China)Abstract：The high cost of construction and operation in Railway Industrial Siding is affecting the investment enthusiasm of company.Based on the experience of construction and operation of Railway Industrial Siding and relied on research results and theoretical analysis,this paper analyzes the problems with high standards and puts forward a new definition of Railway Industrial Siding.An appropriate design load is given, meanwhile,various professional technical standards are elaborated around the functional positioning and design load of Railway Industrial Siding in this paper.The research predicts that such measures can effectively reduce the project cost and accelerate the construction of Railway Industrial Siding.Key words：Railway industrial siding；Design；Standard〇引言《III、IV级铁路设计规范》GB50012 -2012自发 布以来,为我国铁路专用线建设发挥了重大作用。
中英铁路路堑边坡设计方法对比研究
第18卷第1期铁道科学与工程学报Volume18Number1 2021年1月Journal of Railway Science and Engineering January2021 DOI:10.19713/ki.43−1423/u.T20200600中英铁路路堑边坡设计方法对比研究赵晋乾(中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司，湖北武汉430063)摘要：为研究中英铁路路堑边坡设计方法的异同，总结英标Morgenstern-Price法、国标容许应力法和极限状态法等3种计算方法，并以马来西亚东海岸铁路项目为例，对同一工点的路堑边坡按上述3种方法进行设计和对比分析。
研究结果表明：采用英标Morgenstern-Price法和国标容许应力法设计的路堑边坡坡率一致，而采用极限状态法设计的边坡坡率比前两者坡率更平缓；极限状态法设计方案比英标Morgenstern-Price法和容许应力法设计方案每公里投资增加比例约9.5%，安全系数偏高，建议进一步对极限状态法计算路堑边坡稳定性的各分项系数进行优化。
本文研究成果对促进中国高铁“走出去”具有重要意义，也可为其他海外类似工程的设计计算提供参考。
关键词：路堑边坡；中英标准对比；Morgenstern-Price法；容许应力法；极限状态法中图分类号：U213.1文献标志码：A文章编号：1672−7029(2021)01−0112−07Comparison of stability analysis methods for railway cutting slopes betweenChina and United KingdomZHAO Jinqian(China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan430063,China)Abstract:In order to study the differences of the design methods for railway cutting slopes between China and United Kingdom(UK),the Morgenstern price method,the national standard allowable stress method,and the limit state method,which are commonly used for slope design and analysis in China and Britain,were surveyed and compared.On the basis of the East Coast Railway Project of Malaysia,one cutting slope of the construction site was designed according to the above three different methods with the design results compared and analyzed. The results show that the cutting slope ratio obtained by the national standard allowable stress design method is the same as that by the Morgenstern-Price design method,while the slope ratio designed by the limit state method is gentler than those by the former pared with the other two methods,the limit state method increases the investment by9.5%per kilometer and has a greater safety factor.It is suggested that the sub-coefficients of the slope stability analysis be optimized by the limit state method.The research findings are significantly meaningful for promoting the“going out”initiative of China’s high-speed rail,and can also provide technical guidance and reference for the design and analysis of other similar overseas projects.Key words:cutting slope;comparison of Chinese and English standards;Morgenstern-Price;allowable stress method;limit state method收稿日期：2020−06−29通信作者：赵晋乾(1983−)，男，山西盂县人，高级工程师，从事铁路勘察设计工作；E−mail：623390773@第1期赵晋乾：中英铁路路堑边坡设计方法对比研究113目前，在“一带一路”倡议大力实施的推动作用下，我国高铁建造技术正在迅速发展，“中国高铁”已成为我国一张靓丽的名片。
UIC《高速铁路设计》系列国际标准编制研究
缘、防雷接地等内容。 电力工程规定了供电的要求及
方式、变配电所、电力线路和防雷接地的设计原则。
2. 2. 4 接口设计标准
接口设计包含基础设施、通信信号、供电、机车车
辆等子系统之间的接口、基础设施内部接口以及铁路
系统与非铁路系统的接口设计。 UIC 以前还没有关于
455402519@ qq. com。
速铁路核心技术涵盖工程建造、技术装备、运营管理等
领域,具有安全可靠、技术先进、经济适用的显著优势。
近年来,依托中国高速 铁 路 的 显 著 成 就, 铁 路 “ 走 出
去” 从劳务输出、工程承包和装备出口转型到了产品
技术资本全方位输出、全产业链参与国际竞争的新阶
而由中国编制组主持、正在编制过程中的高速铁路设
计系列 IRS 则是对《 高速铁路实施 - 设计阶段》 的细化
概念、主要工作内容以及在铁路中的具体应用,率先将
规划、建设及运维各子阶段的纲领性技术标准
[8-12]
和深化 [13] ,是对 UIC 高速铁路领域标准体系的进一步
完善。
1. 2 编制程序
根据 UIC 标准化指南,高速铁路设计系列标准的
点,并从中国铁路标准国际化的角度阐述 UIC 标准编
制中我国高速铁路设计先进经验的体现。
1
2
4
5
制定过程
项目可行性研究
提案阶段
城际与高速委员会同意立项
成立 IRS 工作组,收集分析相关资料
制定阶段
6
8
编制形成第一版草案
城际与高速委员会 IRS 工作组会议审定
修改形成第二版草案
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1 编制背景与程序
铁道技术标准(中英文)
铁道技术标准(中英文)铁道技术标准是指在铁路交通领域内制定、实施和执行的规范性文件，其目的是为了保证铁路安全、高效、规范和可持续发展。
以下是部分铁道技术标准的中英文名称：1. 铁路电气化工程技术标准Technical Standards for Railway Electrification Engineering2. 铁路信号工程技术标准Technical Standards for Railway Signal Engineering3. 铁路机车车辆技术标准Technical Standards for Railway Rolling Stock4. 铁路通信工程技术标准Technical Standards for Railway Communication Engineering5. 铁路建筑工程技术标准Technical Standards for Railway Construction Engineering6. 铁路客运站台技术标准Technical Standards for Railway Passenger Station Platforms7. 铁路桥梁工程技术标准Technical Standards for Railway Bridges8. 铁路隧道工程技术标准Technical Standards for Railway Tunnels9. 铁路接触网技术标准Technical Standards for Railway Overhead Contact System10. 铁路供电系统技术标准Technical Standards for Railway Power Supply System11. 铁路运输安全技术标准Technical Standards for Railway Transport Safety12. 铁路设备检修技术标准Technical Standards for Railway Equipment Maintenance以上是部分铁道技术标准的中英文名称，其具体内容和实施细则需要在相关部门和机构的具体规定下执行。
铁路信号IFC国际标准的研究与制定
Abstract： This paper introduces the development process of IFC international standards，and discusses
the research contents and methods of IFC international standards for railway signaling，including the work
international standards developed in this paper will become one of the most important standards for
international BIM applications in the future，
收稿日期： 2019-01-16； 修回日期： 2019-05-05 基金项目： 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司科研课题（ KYY2019038） 作者简介： 王怀松（ 1988—） ，男，助理工程师，2017 年毕业于西南交通 大学铁路信号专业，工学硕士，主要从事铁路信号 BIM 研究工作，E-mail： 1361886974@ qq．com。 通信作者： 王学林（ 1970—） ，男，教授级高级工程师，1992 年毕业于北 京交通大学通信工程专业，主要从事铁路 通 信 和 信 息 工程 设计，Email： 574529428@ qq．com。
standards discussed in this paper can be not only applicable to the railway signaling domain，but also to
other railway engineering domain，provides reference for the development of railway BIM implementation
中铁建公路桥梁标准化手册
中铁建公路桥梁标准化手册The China Railway Construction Corporation (CRCC) Road and Bridge Standardization Manual provides a comprehensive guide for the design, construction, and maintenance of road and bridge infrastructure. This manual plays a crucial role in ensuring the quality and safety of transportation infrastructure across China. 中铁建公路桥梁标准化手册为道路和桥梁基础设施的设计、施工和维护提供了全面的指导。
这一手册在确保中国各地交通基础设施的质量和安全方面发挥着至关重要的作用。
One of the key benefits of standardization in road and bridge construction is the improved efficiency and consistency in project delivery. By following standardized procedures and specifications outlined in the manual, construction companies can streamline their operations and reduce errors and rework. Road and bridge projects can be completed more quickly and cost-effectively when standardization is applied. 道路和桥梁建设标准化的一个关键优势是提高了项目交付的效率和一致性。
国家现行规范国家标准目录新
〖GB/T50001-2010〗房屋建筑制图统一标准Unified standard for building drawings 〖GB/T50002-2013〗建筑模数协调标准Standard for modular coordination of building〖GB50003-2011〗砌体结构设计规范Code for design of masonry structures〖GB50005-2003〗木结构设计规范(2005年版)Code for design of timber structures〖GB/T50006-2010〗厂房建筑模数协调标准Standard for modular coordination of industrial buildings〖GB50007-2011〗建筑地基基础设计规范Code for design of building foundation〖GB50009-2012〗建筑结构荷载规范Load code for the design of building structures〖GB50010-2010〗混凝土结构设计规范Code for design of concrete structures〖GB50011-2010〗建筑抗震设计规范Code for seismic design of buildings〖GB50012-2012〗Ⅲ、Ⅳ级铁路设计规范Code for design of class Ⅲ、Ⅳ railway〖GB50013-2006〗室外给水设计规范Code for design of outdoor water supply engineering〖GB50014-2006〗室外排水设计规范(2011年版)Code for design of outdoor wastewater engineering〖GB50015-2003〗建筑给水排水设计规范（2009年版）Code for design of building water supply and drainage〖GB50016-2006〗建筑设计防火规范Code for fire protection design of buildings〖GB50017-2003〗钢结构设计规范Code for design of steel structures〖GB50018-2002〗冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范Technical code for design of cold-formed thin-wall steel structures〖GB50021-2001〗岩土工程勘察规范（2009年版）Code for investigation of geotechnical engineering〖GBJ22-87〗厂矿道路设计规范Code for design of roads in factories and mining areas〖GB50023-2009〗建筑抗震鉴定标准Standard for seismic appraisal of buildings〖GB50025-2004〗湿陷性黄土地区建筑规范Code for building construction in collapsible loess regions〖GB50026-2007〗工程测量规范Code for engineering surveying〖GB50027-2001〗供水水文地质勘察规范Standard for bydrogeological investigation of water-supply〖GB50028-2006〗城镇燃气设计规范Code for design of city gas engineering〖GB50029-2014〗压缩空气站设计规范〖GB50030-2013〗氧气站设计规范〖GB50031-91〗乙炔站设计规范Code for design of acetylene stations〖GB50032-2003〗室外给水排水和燃气热力工程抗震设计规范Code for earthquake - resistant design of outdoor water supply,sewerage,gas and heating engineering〖GB50033-2013〗建筑采光设计标准Standard for daylighting design of buildings〖GB50034-2013〗建筑照明设计标准〖GB50037-2013〗建筑地面设计规范〖GB50039-2010〗农村防火规范Code for fire protection and prevention of rural area〖GB50040-96〗动力机器基础设计规范Code for design of dynamic machine foundation〖GB50041-2008〗锅炉房设计规范Code for design of boiler plant〖GB50045-95〗高层民用建筑设计防火规范Code for fire protection design of tall buildings〖GB50046-2008〗工业建筑防腐蚀设计规范Code for anticorrosion design of industrial constructions〖GB50049-2011〗小型火力发电厂设计规范Code for design of small fossil fired power plant〖GB50050-2007〗工业循环冷却水处理设计规范Code for design of industrial recirulating cooling water treatment〖GB50051-2013〗烟囱设计规范Code for design of chimneys〖GB50052-2009〗供配电系统设计规范Code for design electric power supply systems〖GB50053-2013〗20kV及以下变电所设计规范〖GB50054-2011〗低压配电设计规范Code for design of low voltage electrical installations〖GB50055-2011〗通用用电设备配电设计规范Code for design of electric distribution of general-purpose utilization equipment〖GB50056-93〗电热设备电力装置设计规范Code for design of electrical equipment of electroheat installations〖GB50057-2010〗建筑物防雷设计规范Code for design protection of structures against lightning〖GB50058-2014〗爆炸危险环境电力装置设计规范〖GB50059-2011〗35kV~110kV变电站设计规范Code for design of 35kV~110kV substation〖GB50060-2008〗3～110kV高压配电装置设计规范Code for design of 3~110kV high voltage electrical installations〖GB50061-2010〗66kV及以下架空电力线路设计规范Code for design of 66kV or under overhead electrical power transmission line〖GB/T50062-2008〗电力装置的继电保护和自动装置设计规范Code for design of relaying protection and automatic device of electric power installation 〖GB/T50063-2008〗电力装置的电测量仪表装置设计规范Code for design of electrical measuring device of power system〖GBJ64-83〗工业与民用电力装置的过电压保护设计规范Code for design of over-voltage protection of industrial and civil electrical installation 〖GB/T50065-2011〗交流电气装置的接地设计规范Code for design of ac electrical installations earthing〖GB50067-97〗汽车库、修车库、停车场设计防火规范Code for fire protection design of garage,motor repairshop and parking area〖GB50068-2001〗建筑结构可靠度设计统一标准Unified standard for reliability design of building structures〖GB50069-2002〗给水排水工程构筑物结构设计规范Structural design code for special structures of water supply and waste water engineering 〖GB50070-2009〗矿山电力设计规范Code for design of electric power in mine〖GB50071-2002〗小型水力发电站设计规范Design code for small hydropower stations〖GB50072-2010〗冷库设计规范Code for design of cold store〖GB50073-2013〗洁净厂房设计规范Code for design of clean room〖GB50074-2002〗石油库设计规范〖GB/T50076-2013〗室内混响时间测量规范Code for measurement of the reverberation time in rooms 〖GB50077-2003〗钢筋混凝土筒仓设计规范Code for design of reinforced concrete silos〖GB50078-2008〗烟囱工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of chimney works〖GB/T50080-2002〗普通混凝土拌合物性能试验方法标准Standard for test method of performance on ordinary fresh concrete mixture〖GB/T50081-2002〗普通混凝土力学性能试验方法标准Standard for test method of mechanical properties of ordinary concrete〖GB/T50082-2009〗普通混凝土长期性能和耐久性能试验方法标准Standard for test methods of long-term performance and durability of ordinary concrete 〖GB/T50083-97〗建筑结构设计术语和符号标准Standard for terminology and symbols used in design of building structures〖GB50084-2001(2005年版)〗自动喷水灭火系统设计规范Code of design for sprinkler systems〖GB/T50085-2007〗喷灌工程技术规范Technical code for sprinkling engineering〖GB50086-2001〗锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范Specifications for bolt-shot-crete support〖GB/T50087-2013〗工业企业噪声控制设计规范〖GB50089-2007〗民用爆破器材工程设计安全规范Safety code for design of engineering of civil expolosives materials〖GB50090-2006〗铁路线路设计规范Code for design of railway line〖GB50091-2006〗铁路车站及枢纽设计规范Code for design of railway stations and railway terminals〖GB50092-96〗沥青路面施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of asphalt pavement〖GB50093-2013〗自动化仪表工程施工及质量验收规范Code for construction and quality acceptance of automation instrumentation engineering 〖GB50094-2010〗球形储罐施工规范Code for construction of spherical tanks〖GB/T50095-98〗水文基本术语和符号标准Standard for terms and sym-bols used in hydrometry〖GB50096-2011〗住宅设计规范Design code for residential buildings〖GBJ97-87〗水泥混凝土路面施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of cement concrete pavement〖GB50099-2011〗中小学校设计规范Code for design of school〖GB/T50102-2003〗工业循环水冷却设计规范Code for design of cooling for industrial recirculating water〖GB/T50103-2010〗总图制图标准Standard for general layout drawings〖GB/T50104-2010〗建筑制图标准Standard for architectural drawings〖GB/T50105-2010〗建筑结构制图标准Standard for structural drawings〖GB/T50106-2010〗建筑给水排水制图标准Standard for building water supply and drainage drawings〖GB/T50107-2010〗混凝土强度检验评定标准Standard for evaluation of concrete compressive strength〖GB50108-2008〗地下工程防水技术规范Technical code for waterproofing of underground works〖GB/T50109-2006〗工业用水软化除盐设计规范Code for design of industrial water softening and deminer-alization〖GBJ110-87〗卤代烷1211灭火系统设计规范Code for design of haton 1211 fire extinguishing systems〖GB50111-2006〗铁路工程抗震设计规范（2009年版）Code for seismic design of railwayengineering〖GB50112-2013〗膨胀土地区建筑技术规范Technical code for buildings in expansive soil regions〖GB50113-2005〗滑动模板工程技术规范Technical code slipform engineering〖GB/T50114-2010〗暖通空调制图标准Standard for heating,ventilation and air conditioning drawings〖GB50115-2009〗工业电视系统工程设计规范Code for design of industrial television system〖GB50116-2013〗火灾自动报警系统设计规范〖GBJ117-88〗工业构筑物抗震鉴定标准Standard for earthquake-resistant evaluation of industrial constructional structures 〖GB50118-2010〗民用建筑隔声设计规范Code for design of sound insulation of civil buildings〖GB50119-2013〗混凝土外加剂应用技术规范Code for concrete admixture application〖GB50121-2005〗建筑隔声评价标准Standard for assessment of building sound insulation〖GBJ122-88〗工业企业噪声测量规范Code for measurement of noise in industrial enterprises〖GB/T50123-1999〗土工试验方法标准Standard for test merhods of earthworks〖GBJ124-88〗道路工程术语标准Standard for terms used in road engineering〖GB/T50125-2010〗给水排水工程基本术语标准Standard for basic terms of water and wastewater engineering〖GB50126-2008〗工业设备及管道绝热工程施工规范Code for construction of industrial equipment and pipeline insulation engineering 〖GB50127-2007〗架空索道工程技术规范Technical standard for aerial ropeway engineering〖GB50128-2005〗立式圆筒形钢制焊接储罐施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of stand cylindrical steel welded oil storage tank 〖GB/T50129-2011〗砌体基本力学性能试验方法标准Standard for test method of basic mechanics properties of masonry〖GBJ130-90〗钢筋混凝土升板结构技术规范Technical code for reinforced concrete lift-slab structure〖GBJ132-90〗工程结构设计基本术语和通用符号Standard for basic terms and general symbols used in structural design of engineering 〖GB50135-2006〗高耸结构设计规范Code for design of high-rising structures〖GB50136-2011〗电镀废水治理设计规范Code for design of electroplating wastewater processing〖GB50137-2011〗城市用地分类与规划建设用地标准Code for classification of urban land use and planning standards of development land 〖GB/T50138-2010〗水位观测标准Standard for stage observation〖GB50139-2004〗内河通航标准Navigation standard of inland waterway〖GB50140-2005〗建筑灭火器配置设计规范Code for design of extinguisher distribution in buildings〖GB50141-2008〗给水排水构筑物工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of water and sewerage structures〖GBJ142-90〗中、短波广播发射台与电缆载波通信系统的防护间距标准Standard for protective specing between mediurn,short wave broadcast transmitting station and electric cable carrier telecommumication systems〖GBJ143-90〗架空电力线路、变电所对电视差转台、转播台无线电干扰防护间距标准Standard for protective spacing of radio interference from overhead electric lines,substations to television transposer station and retransmitting station〖GB50144-2008〗工业建筑可靠性鉴定标准Standard for reliability evaluation of industrial factory buildings〖GB/T50145-2007〗土的工程分类标准Standard for engineering classification of soil〖GBJ146-90〗粉煤灰混凝土应用技术规范Technical code for application of fly ash concrete〖GB50147-2010〗电气装置安装工程高压电器施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of high-voltage electric equipment installation engineering〖GB50148-2010〗电气装置安装工程电力变压器、油浸电抗器、互感器施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of power transformers oil reactor and mutual inductor 〖GB50149-2010〗电气装置安装工程母线装置施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of busbar installation of electric equipment installation engineering〖GB50150-2006〗电气装置安装工程电气设备交接试验标准Erection works of electrical installations Standard for hand-over test of electric equipment 〖GB50151-2010〗泡沫灭火系统设计规范Code for design of foam extinguishing systems〖GB/T50152-2012〗混凝土结构试验方法标准Standard for test method of concrete structures〖GB50153-2008〗工程结构可靠性设计统一标准Unified standard for reliability design of engineering structures〖GB50155-92〗采暖通风与空气调节术语标准Standard for teminology of heating ventilation and airconditioning〖GB50156-2012〗汽车加油加气站设计与施工规范Code for design and construction of filling station〖GB50157-2013〗地铁设计规范〖GB50158-2010〗港口工程结构可靠性设计统一标准Unified standard for reliability design of port engineering structures〖GB50159-92〗河流悬移质泥沙测验规范Code for measurement of suspended sediment in open channels〖GB50160-2008〗石油化工企业设计防火规范Fire prevention code of petrochemical enterprise design〖GB50161-2009〗烟花爆竹工程设计安全规范Safety code for design of engineering of fireworks and firecracker〖GB50162-92〗道路工程制图标准Standard for road engineering drawing〖GB50163-92〗卤代烷1301灭火系统设计规范Code for design of halon 1301 fire extinguishing systems〖GB50164-2011〗混凝土质量控制标准Standard for quality control of concrete〖GB50165-92〗古建筑木结构维护与加固技术规范Technical code for maintenance and strengthing of ancient timber buildings〖GB50166-2007〗火灾自动报警系统施工及验收规范Code for installation and acceptance of fire alarm system〖GB50167-92〗工程摄影测量规范Code for engineening photo-grmmetry〖GB50168-2006〗电气装置安装工程电缆线路施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Code for construction and acceptance of cable levels 〖GB50169-2006〗电气装置安装工程接地装置施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Code for construction and acceptance of earthed devices〖GB50170-2006〗电气装置安装工程旋转电机施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Code of construction and acceptance of rotating electrical machines〖GB50171-2012〗电气装置安装工程盘、柜及二次回路接线施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of switchbord outfit complete cubicle and secondary circuit electric equipment installation engineering〖GB50172-2012〗电气装置安装工程蓄电池施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of battery electric equipment installation engineering 〖GB50173-92〗电气装置安装工程35KV及以下架空电力线路施工及验收规范Erection works of electrical installations Code for con-struction and acceptance of 35KV and under overhead power levels〖GB50174-2008〗电子信息系统机房设计规范Code for design of electronic information system room〖GB50176-93〗民用建筑热工设计规范Code for thermal design of civil buildings〖GB50177-2005〗氢气站设计规范Code for design of hydrogen and oxygen stations〖GB50178-93〗建筑气候区划标准Standard for climatic regionalization for building and civil engineering〖GB50179-93〗河流流量测验规范Code for measurement of fluid flow in open channels〖GB50180-93(2002年版)〗城市居住区规划设计规范Code for planning design of urban residential area〖GB50181-93〗蓄滞洪区建筑工程技术规范Technical code for constructional engineering in flood detention basin〖GB50183-2004〗石油天然气工程设计防火规范Code for fire protection design of crude oil and natural gas works〖GB50184-2011〗工业金属管道工程施工质量验收规范Code for acceptance of construction quality of industrial metallic piping〖GB50185-2010〗工业设备及管道绝热工程施工质量验收规范Code for acceptance of construction quality of industrial equipment and pipeline insulation engineering〖GB/T50186-2013〗港口工程基本术语标准〖GB50187-2012〗工业企业总平面设计规范Code for design of general layout of industrial enterprises〖GB50188-2007〗镇规划标准Standard for planning of town〖GB50189-2005〗公共建筑节能设计标准Design standard for energy efficiency of public buildings〖GB50190-93〗多层厂房楼盖抗微振设计规范Code for design of anti-microvibration of multistory factory floor〖GB50191-2012〗构筑物抗震设计规范Code for seismic design of special structures〖GB50193-93(2010年版)〗二氧化碳灭火系统设计规范Code for design of carbon dioxide fire extinguishing systems〖GB50194-93〗建设工程施工现场供用电安全规范Code for safety of power supply and consumption in engineering construction site〖GB50195-2013〗发生炉煤气站设计规范Design code for producer gas stationCode for design of open pit mine of coal industry〖GB50198-2011〗民用闭路监视电视系统工程技术规范Technical code for project of civil closed circuit monitoring television system〖GB50199-2013〗水利水电工程结构可靠性设计统一标准〖GB50200-94〗有线电视系统工程技术规范Technical code for CATV system〖GB50201-94〗防洪标准Standard for flood control〖GB50201-2012〗土方与爆破工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of earthwork and blasting engineering〖GB50202-2002〗建筑地基基础工程施工质量验收规范Code for acceptance of construction quality of building foundation〖GB50203-2011〗砌体结构工程施工质量验收规范Code for acceptance of constructional quality of masonry structures〖GB50204-2002〗混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范(2011年版)Code for acceptance of constructional quality of concrete structures〖GB50205-2001〗钢结构工程施工质量验收规范Code for acceptance of construction quality of steel structure〖GB50206-2012〗木结构工程施工质量验收规范Code for acceptanc of construction quality of timber structures〖GB50207-2012〗屋面工程质量验收规范Code for acceptance of construction quality of roof〖GB50208-2011〗地下防水工程质量验收规范Code for acceptance of construction quality of underground waterproof〖GB50209-2010〗建筑地面工程施工质量验收规范Code for acceptance of construction quality of building ground〖GB50210-2001〗建筑装饰装修工程质量验收规范Code for construction quality acceptance of building decoration〖GBJ50211-2004〗工业炉砌筑工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of industrial furnaces building〖GB50212-2002〗建筑防腐蚀工程施工及验收规范Specification for construction and acceptance of anticorrosive engineering of buildings 〖GB50213-2010〗煤矿井巷工程质量验收规范Code for acceptance of shaft sinking and drifting of coal mine〖GB/T50214-2013〗组合钢模板技术规范Technical code for composite steel-formCode for the colliery design of coal mining industry〖GB50216-94〗铁路工程结构可靠度设计统一标准Unified standard for reliability design of railway engineering structures〖GB50217-2007〗电力工程电缆设计规范Code for design of cables of electric engineering〖GB50218-94〗工程岩体分级标准Standard for classification of engineering rock masses〖GB50219-95〗水喷雾灭火系统设计规范Code for design of water spray fire extinguishing systems〖GB50220-95〗城市道路交通规划设计规范Code for planning design of transport on urban road〖GB50222-95(2001年版)〗建筑内部装修设计防火规范Code for fire prevention design of interior decoration of buildings〖GB50223-2008〗建筑工程抗震设防分类标准Standard for classification of seismic protection of buildings constructions〖GB50224-2010〗建筑防腐蚀工程施工质量验收规范Code for acceptance of construction quality of anticorrosive engineering of buildings 〖GB50226-2007〗铁路旅客车站建筑设计规范(2011年版)Code for design of railway passenger station buildings〖GB50227-2008〗并联电容器装置设计规范Code for design of installation of shunt capacitors〖GB/T50228-2011〗工程测量基本术语标准Standard for foundational terminology of engineering survey〖GB50229-2006〗火力发电厂与变电站设计防火规范Code for design of fire protection for foossil fuel power plants and substations〖GB50231-2009〗机械设备安装工程施工及验收通用规范General code for construction and acceptance of mechanical equipment installation engineering 〖GB50233-2005〗110~500KV架空送电线路施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of 110-500kV overhead transmission line〖GB50235-2010〗工业金属管道工程施工规范Code for construction of industrial metallic piping engineering〖GB50236-2011〗现场设备、工业管道焊接工程施工规范Code for construction of field equipment,industrial pipe welding engineering〖GB50242-2002〗建筑给水排水及采暖工程施工质量验收规范Code for acceptance of construction quality of water supply drainage and heating works 〖GB50243-2002〗通风与空调工程施工质量验收规范Code for acceptance for construction quality of ventilation and air conditioning worksCode for design of gas transmission pipeline engineering〖GB50252-2010〗工业安装工程施工质量验收统一标准Unified standard for constructional quality acceptance of industrial installation engineering 〖GB50253-2003〗输油管道工程设计规范（2006年版）Code for design of oil transportation pipeline engineering〖GB50254-96〗电气装置安装工程低压电器施工及验收规范Electric equipment installation engineering Code for construction and acceptance oflow-voltage apparatus〖GB50255-2014〗电气装置安装工程电力变流设备施工及验收规范〖GB50256-96〗电气装置安装工程起重机电气装置施工及验收规范Electric equipment installation engineering Code for construction and acceptance of electric device of crane〖GB50257-96〗电气装置安装工程爆炸和火灾危险环境电气装置施工及验收规范Electric equipment installation engineering Code for construction and acceptance of electric device within explosion and fire hazard atrmospheres〖GB50260-2013〗电力设施抗震设计规范Code for seismic design of electrical installations〖GB50261-2005〗自动喷水灭火系统施工及验收规范Code for installation and commissioning of sprinkler systems〖GB/T50262-2013〗铁路工程基本术语标准〖GB50263-2007〗气体灭火系统施工及验收规范Code for installation and acceptance of gas fire extinguishing systems〖GB50264-2013〗工业设备及管道绝热工程设计规范Code for design of industrial equipment and pipeline insulation engineering〖GB50265-2010〗泵站设计规范Design code for pumping station〖GB/T50266-2013〗工程岩体试验方法标准Standard for test methods of engineering rock mass〖GB50267-97〗核电厂抗震设计规范Code for seismic design of unclear power plants〖GB50268-2008〗给水排水管道工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of water and sewerage pipeline works〖GB/T50269-97〗地基动力特性测试规范Code for measurement method of dynamic properties of subsoil〖GB50270-2010〗输送设备安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of conveyor equipment installation engineering〖GB50271-2009〗金属切削机床安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of metal-cutting machine installation engineering 〖GB50272-2009〗锻压设备安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of forging-press equipment installation engineering 〖GB50273-2009〗锅炉安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of boiler installation engineering〖GB50274-2010〗制冷设备、空气分离设备安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of refrigeration plant and air seperation plant installation〖GB50275-2010〗风机、压缩机、泵安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of fan,compressor and pump installation〖GB50276-2010〗破碎、粉磨设备安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of crusher and grinding equipment installation engineering〖GB50277-2010〗铸造设备安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of casting plant installation〖GB50278-2010〗起重设备安装工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of crane installation engineering〖GB/T50279-98〗岩土工程基本术语标准Standard for fundamental terms of geotechnical engineering〖GB/T50280-98〗城市规划基本术语标准Standard for basic terminology of urban planning〖GB50281-2006〗泡沫灭火系统施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of foam fire extinguishing systems〖GB50282-98〗城市给水工程规划规范Code for planning of urban water supply engineering〖GB/T50283-1999〗公路工程结构可靠度设计统一标准Unified standard of reliability design of highway engineering structures〖GB50284-2008〗飞机库设计防火规范Code for fire protection design of aircraft hangar〖GB50285-98〗调幅收音台和调频电视转播台与公路的防护间距标准Standad for protection distance from highway to AM,FM and TV rebroadcast stations〖GB50286-2013〗堤防工程设计规范Code for design of levee project〖GB50287-2006〗水力发电工程地质勘察规范Code for water resources and hydropower engineeringgelolgical investigation〖GB50288-99〗灌溉与排水工程设计规范Code for design of irrigation and drainage〖GB50289-98〗城市工程管线综合规划规范Code of Urban Engineering Pipeline Comprehensive Planning〖GB50290-98〗土工合成材料应用技术规范Technical standard for applications of geosynthetics〖GB/T50291-1999〗房地产估价规范Code for Real Estate Appraisal〖GB50292-1999〗民用建筑可靠性鉴定标准Standard for appraiser of reliability of civil buildings〖GB50293-1999〗城市电力规划规范Code for Urban Electric Power Planning〖GB/T50294-1999〗核电厂总平面及运输设计规范Design code for general plan and transportation of nuclear power plants〖GB50295-2008〗水泥工厂设计规范Code for design of cement plant〖GB50296-1999〗供水管井技术规范Technical standard for water-supply well〖GB/T50297-2006〗电力工程基本术语标准Standard for basic terms of electric power engineering〖GB50298-1999〗风景名胜区规划规范Code for Scenic area Planning〖GB50299-1999〗地下铁道工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceptance of metro engineering〖GB50300-2013〗建筑工程施工质量验收统一标准〖GB50303-2002〗建筑电气工程施工质量验收规范Code of acceptance of construction quality of electrical installation in building〖GB50307-2012〗城市轨道交通岩土工程勘察规范Code for geotechnical investigations of urban rail transit〖GB50308-2008〗城市轨道交通工程测量规范Code for urban rail transit engineering survey〖GB50309-2007〗工业炉砌筑工程质量验收规范Code for quality inspection and acceptance of industrial furnaces building〖GB50310-2002〗电梯工程施工质量验收规范Code for acceptance of installation quality of lifts,escalators and passenger conveyors 〖GB50311-2007〗综合布线系统工程设计规范Code for engineering design of generic cabling system〖GB50312-2007〗综合布线系统工程验收规范Code for engineering acceptance of generic cabling system〖GB50313-2013〗消防通信指挥系统设计规范Code for design of fire communication and command system〖GB/T50314-2006〗智能建筑设计标准Standard for design of intelligent building〖GB/T50315-2011〗砌体工程现场检测技术标准Technical standard for site testing of masonry engineering〖GB50316-2000〗工业金属管道设计规范（2008年版）Design code for industrial metallic piping〖GB50317-2009〗猪屠宰与分割车间设计规范Code for design of pig's slaughtering and cutting rooms〖GB50318-2000〗城市排水工程规划规范Code of Urban Wastewater Engineering Planning〖GB/T50319-2013〗建设工程监理规范Code of construction project management〖GB50320-2001〗粮食平房仓设计规范Code for design of grain storehouses〖GB50322-2011〗粮食钢板筒仓设计规范Code for design of grain steel silos〖GB/T50323-2001〗城市建设档案著录规范Code for Urban Construction Archives Description〖GB50324-2001〗冻土工程地质勘察规范Code for engineering geological investigation of frozen ground〖GB50325-2010〗民用建筑工程室内环境污染控制规范(2013年版)Code for indoor environmental pollution control of civil building engineering 〖GB/T50326-2006〗建设工程项目管理规范The code of construction project management〖GB50327-2001〗住宅装饰装修工程施工规范Code for construction of decoration of housings〖GB/T50328-2001〗建设工程文件归档整理规范Code for construction project document〖GB/T50329-2012〗木结构试验方法标准Standard for test methods of timber structures〖GB50330-2013〗建筑边坡工程技术规范〖GB/T50331-2002〗城市居民生活用水量标准The standard of water quantity for city's residential use〖GB50332-2002〗给水排水工程管道结构设计规范Structural design code for pipelines of water supply and waste water engineering〖GB50333-2013〗医院洁净手术部建筑技术规范〖GB50334-2002〗城市污水处理厂工程质量验收规范Quality acceptance code for municipal sewage treatment plant engineering〖GB50335-2002〗污水再生利用工程设计规范Code for design of wastewater reclamation and reuse〖GB50336-2002〗建筑中水设计规范Code of design for building reclaimed water system〖GB50337-2003〗城市环境卫生设施规划规范Code for planning of urban environmental sanitation facilities〖GB50338-2003〗固定消防炮灭火系统设计规范Code of design for fixed fire monitor extinguishing systems〖GB50339-2013〗智能建筑工程质量验收规范Code for acceptance of quality of intelligent building systems〖GB/T50340-2003〗老年人居住建筑设计标准Code for design of residential building for the aged〖GB50341-2003〗立式圆筒形钢制焊接油罐设计规范Code for desogn of vertical cylindrical welded steel oil tanks〖GB50342-2003〗混凝土电视塔结构技术规范Technical code for concrete structure of TV tower〖GB50343-2012〗建筑物电子信息系统防雷技术规范Technical code for protection of building electronic information system against lightning 〖GB50344-2004〗建筑结构检测技术标准Techical standard for inspection of building structure〖GB50345-2012〗屋面工程技术规范Technical code for roof engineering〖GB50346-2011〗生物安全实验室建筑技术规范Architectural and technical code for biosafety laboratories〖GB50347-2004〗干粉灭火系统设计规范Code of design for powder extinguishing systems〖GB50348-2004〗安全防范工程技术规范technical code for engineering of security and protection system〖GB/T50349-2005〗建筑给水聚丙烯管道工程技术规范Engineering technical code of water supply polypropylene pipeline for buildings〖GB50350-2005〗油气集输设计规范Code for design of oil-gas gathering and transportation systems〖GB50351-2005〗储罐区防火堤设计规范Code for design of fire-dike in trorage tank farm〖GB50352-2005〗民用建筑设计通则Code for design of civil buildings〖GB/T50353-2013〗建筑工程建筑面积计算规范〖GB50354-2005〗建筑内部装修防火施工及验收规范Code for fire prevention installation and acceptance in construction of interior decoration engineering of buildings〖GB/T50355-2005〗住宅建筑室内振动限值及其测量方法标准Standard of limit and measurement method of vibration in the room of residential buildings 〖GB/T50356-2005〗剧场、电影院和多用途厅堂建筑声学设计规范Code for architectural acoustical design of theater,cinema and multi-use auditorium〖GB50357-2005〗历史文化名城保护规划规范Code of conservation planning for historic cities〖GB/T50358-2005〗建设项目工程总承包管理规范Code for management of engineering contracting projects〖GB50359-2005〗煤炭洗选工程设计规范Code for design of coal cleaning engineering〖GB50360-2005〗水煤浆工程设计规范Code for design of coal water mixture engineering〖GB/T50361-2005〗木骨架组合墙体技术规范Technical code for partitions with timber frame wore〖GB/T50362-2005〗住宅性能评定技术标准Technical standard for performance assessment of residential buildings〖GB/T50363-2006〗节水灌溉工程技术规范Technical specification for water-saving irrigation engineering〖GB50364-2005〗民用建筑太阳能热水系统应用技术规范Technical code for solar water heating system of civil buildings〖GB50365-2005〗空调通风系统运行管理规范Code for operation and management of central air conditioning system〖GB50366-2005〗地源热泵系统工程技术规范（2009年版）Technical code for ground source heat pump system〖GB50367-2013〗混凝土结构加固设计规范〖GB50368-2005〗住宅建筑规范Residential building code〖GB50369-2006〗油气长输管道工程施工及验收规范Code for construction and acceltance of oil&gas transmission pipeline engineering〖GB50370-2005〗气体灭火系统设计规范Code for design of gas fire extinguishing systems。
《城际铁路设计规范》主要技术标准
2019年2月第2期（总245）铁道工程学报JOUＲNAL OF ＲAILWAY ENGINEEＲING SOCIETY Feb 2019NO．2（Ser．245）收稿日期：2018－12－04作者简介：孙海富，1971年出生，男，教授级高级工程师。
文章编号：1006－2106（2019）02－0088－06《城际铁路设计规范》主要技术标准孙海富（中国铁路设计集团有限公司，天津300142）摘要：研究目的：城际铁路是介于高速铁路和城市轨道交通之间的一种交通方式，最高设计速度200km /h ，技术标准采用国铁制式，运营管理借鉴地铁经验。
本文通过对城际铁路的功能定位、定义进行阐述，对城际铁路设计规范的主要技术标准进行说明，并与200 250km /h 客运专线进行技术经济对比分析，充分体现城际铁路服务于区域性城市和“高密度、小编组、公交化”的技术特点，突出《城际铁路设计规范》的经济性。
研究结论：（1）城际铁路是指专门服务于相邻城市间或城市群，旅客列车设计速度200km /h 及以下的快速、便捷、高密度客运专线铁路；（2）城际铁路仅服务于区域性城市群内部，具有相对的独立性，可单独制定相应的技术标准；（3）城际铁路可自成体系，相对独立运营，重要节点应考虑与铁路网互联互通或换乘的条件；（4）本文对城际铁路的建设和设计具有借鉴意义和指导作用。
关键词：城际铁路；设计；标准中图分类号：U212．31文献标识码：AThe Main Technical Standards of Code for Design of Intercity ＲailwaySUN Haifu（China Ｒailway Design Corporation ，Tianjin 300142，China ）Abstract ：Ｒesearch purposes ：Intercity railway is a kind of transportation between high －speed railway and urban rail transit ，the highest design speed is 200km /h ，the technical standard adopts national railway mode ，and operation management learns from the subway mode．This paper expounds the function orientation and definition of intercity railway ，the main technical standards of intercity railway design code are explained．The technical and economic analysis of the 200 250km /h passenger dedicated line is carried out．It fully embodies the technical characteristics of intercity railway serving regional cities and "high －density ，small marshalling ，public transport"and highlights the economy of this code．Ｒesearch conclusions ：（1）Intercity railway refers to the fast ，convenient and high density passenger dedicated railway which specially serves the neighboring cities or urban agglomerations and the designed speed of passenger trains is 200km /h and below．（2）Intercity railway serves only within the regional urban agglomeration and has relative independence．It can formulate corresponding technical standards separately．（3）Intercity railways can be self －contained and operate relatively independently．The conditions of interconnection and interchange with railway network should be taken into account at important nodes．（4）This paper has a reference and guidance for the construction and design of intercity railway．Key words ：intercity railway ；design ；standard1概述为满足城际铁路建设和发展需要，进一步适应投融资体制改革要求，建立完善的铁路技术标准体系，由经规院组织，铁三院和铁四院共同编制完成了《城际铁路设计规范》［1］，经铁路总公司和国家铁路局组织审查，由国家铁路局批准发布。
铁路工程建设标准规范名称中英文对照
1铁路工程基本术语标准2铁路线路设计规范3铁路车站及枢纽设计规范4铁路工程抗震设计规范5铁路工程结构可靠度设计统一标准6铁路旅客车站建筑设计规范7工业企业标准轨距铁路设计规范8铁路无人值守机房环境远程监控系统工程设计规范9交流电气化铁路对有线广播线路干扰防护设计规范10铁路工程制图标准11铁路工程制图图形符号标准12铁路光伏发电系统技术规范13铁路工程地质勘察监理规程14铁路路基设计规范15铁路桥涵设计基本规范16铁路桥梁钢结构设计规范17路桥涵钢筋混凝土和预应力混凝土结构设计规范18铁路桥涵混凝土和砌体结构设计规范19铁路桥涵地基和基础设计规范20铁路隧道设计规范21铁路机务设备设计规范22铁路交输通信设计规范23铁路信号设计规范24铁路电力设计规范25铁路电力牵引供电设计规范26铁路给水排水设计规范27铁路房屋建筑设计标准28铁路工程地质勘察规范29铁路工程物理勘探规程30铁路工程地质钻探规则31铁路工程节能设计规范32铁路工程水文勘测设计规范33铁路工程地质原位测试规程34铁路路基支挡结构设计规范35铁路光（电）缆传输工程设计规范36铁路工程不良地质勘察规程37铁路客车车辆设备设计规范38铁路货车车辆设备设计规范39铁路特殊路基设计规范40铁路时分数字程控电子交换工程设计规范41铁路工程特殊岩土勘察规程42铁路备用柴油发电站设计规范43铁路工程地质遥感技术规程44铁路工程设计CAD技术规范45铁路工程水文地质勘察规程46新建铁路摄影测量规范47全球定位系统（GPS）铁路测量规程48铁路房屋暖通空调设计标准49铁路车辆安全监控系统设计规范50铁路数字微波通信工程设计规范Code for Design on Digital Microwave Communication Engineering of Railway51铁路工程劳动安全卫生设计规范52铁路驼峰及调车场设计规范53铁路工程设计防火规范54铁路站场道路和排水设计规范55铁路站场客货运设备设计规范56铁路隧道运营通风设计规范57铁路驼峰信号设计规范58铁路信号站内联锁设计规范59铁路通信电源设计规范60铁路通信用户接入网设计规范61铁路旅客车站客运信息系统设计规范62铁路电力牵引供电隧道内接触网设计规范63铁路枢纽电力牵引供电设计规范64铁路工程岩土分类标准65铁路工业站、港湾站设计规范66铁路生产污水处理设计规范67铁路电力牵引变电所用电系统设计规范68铁路运输管理信息系统设计规范（试行）69铁路轨道设计规范70铁路旅客车站无障碍设计规范71铁路天然建筑材料工程地质勘察规程72铁路图像通信设计规范73铁路数字调度通信系统计专用无线通信系统设计规范74铁路数据网工程设计规范75铁路工程测量规范76铁路工程土工试验规程77铁路工程岩土化学分析规程78铁路工程水质分析规程79改建铁路工程测量规范80铁路隧道辅助坑道技术规范81铁路电力牵引供电自耦变压器方式技术规范82粉体喷搅法加固软弱土层技术规范83铁路工程岩石试验规程84铁路桥梁抗震鉴定与加固技术规范85铁路供电调度系统设计规范86铁路路基土工合成材料应用设计规范87铁路瓦斯隧道技术规范88铁路隧道监控量测技术规程89铁路路堑边坡光面（预裂）爆破技术规程90铁路混凝土与砌体工程施工规范91铁路钢桥制造规范92客运专线铁路信号工程室外设备安装规程93铁路工程基桩检测技术规程94铁路驼峰信号施工规范95铁路隧道衬砌质量无损检测规程96铁路工程基本作业施工安全技术规程97铁路路基工程施工安全技术规程98铁路桥涵工程施工安全技术规程99铁路隧道工程施工安全技术规程100铁路轨道工程施工安全技术规程101铁路通信、信号、电力、电力牵引供电工程施工安全技术规程102铁路建设工程监理规范103铁路轨道工程施工质量验收标准104铁路路基工程施工质量验收标准105铁路桥涵工程施工质量验收标准106铁路隧道工程施工质量验收标准107铁路运输通信工程施工质量验收标准108铁路信号工程施工质量验收标准109铁路电力工程施工质量验收标准110铁路电力牵引供电工程施工质量验收标准111铁路给水排水工程施工质量验收标准112铁路站场工程施工质量验收标准113铁路混凝土与砌体工程施工质量验收标准114铁路混凝土强度检验评定标准115铁路工程结构混凝土强度检测规程116铁路建设项目现场管理规范117铁路建设项目工程试验室管理标准118铁路工程环境保护设计规范119铁路工程建设项目环境影响评价技术标准120铁路工程建设项目水土保持方案技术标准121铁路建设项目预可行性研究、可行性研究和设计文件编制办法122. 髙速铁路工程测量规范123高速铁路设计规范（试行)124铁路钢桥高强度螺栓连接施工规定125铁路结合梁设计规定126铁路避难线设计规则127客货共线铁路电力牵引供电工程施工技术指南128客货共线铁路轨道工程施工技术指南129客货共线铁路路基工程施工技术指南130客货共线铁路桥涵工程施工技术指南131铁路隧道工程施工技术指南132铁路通信工程施工技术指南133客货共线铁路信号工程施工技术指南134铁路电力工程施工技术指南135、客运专线铁路电力牵引供电施工技术指南136铁路给水排水施工技术指南137铁路混凝土工程施工技术指南138客运专线铁路轨道工程施工技术指南139客运专线铁路路基工程施工技术指南140客运专线铁路桥涵工程施工技术指南141客运专线无砟轨道铁路工程施工技术指南142客运专线铁路信号施工技术指南143铁路电力牵引供电接触网支柱施工作业指南144铁路后张法混凝土梁预制场建设技术指南145铁路隧道防排水施工技术指南146铁路GSM-R数字移动通信工程施工技术指南147铁路军事设施设计规定148铁路桥隧守护设施设计规范149青藏铁路髙原多年冻土区铁路工程勘察规程暂行规定（试行）150青藏铁路高原多年冻土区隧道工程质量检验评定及验收标准（试行）151青藏铁路高原多年冻土区路基工程质量检验评定及验收标准（试行)152青藏铁路髙原多年冻土区桥涵工程质量检验评定及验收标准（试行）153青藏铁路高原多年冻土区给水排水及房屋建筑工程质量验收评定及验收标准（试行）154铁路工程命名规范155青藏铁路髙原多年冻土区工程设计暂行规定（下册）InterimProvisionsforEngineeringDesign ofQinghai-TibetRailwayinPermafrostRegion(Part156铁路路基边坡绿色防护技术暂行规定157青藏铁路高原多年冻土区工程施工暂行规定（上册）158青藏铁路高原多年冻土区工程设计暂行规定（上册）159新建铁路桥上无缝线路设计暂行规定160新建时速200公里客货共线铁路工程施工质量验收暂行标准161青藏铁路高原多年冻土区房屋建筑保温和防水工程质量验收标准162青藏铁路高原多年冻土区工程施工暂行规定（下册）163青藏铁路髙原多年冻土区工程施工质量验收暂行标准（下册）164新建时速200公里客货共线铁路设计暂行规定165客运专线250km/h和350km/h钢轨检验和验收暂行标准166新建时速200~250公里客运专线铁路设计暂行规定167铁路混凝土工程施工质量验收补充标准168客运专线铁路轨道工程施工质量验收暂行标准169客运专线铁路路基工程施工质量验收暂行标准170客运专线铁路桥涵工程施工质量验收暂行标准171客运专线铁路隧道工程施工质量验收暂行标准172铁路混凝土结构耐久性设计暂行规定173变形模量EV2检测规程（试行）174客运专线铁路无砟轨道铺设条件评估技术指南TechnicalGuide forEvaluation ofConditions forLaying ofBallastlessTrack ofPassenger-dedicated175客运专线铁路电力牵引供电工程施工质量验收暂行标准176铁路架桥机架梁暂行规程177铁路防雷、电磁兼容及接地工程技术暂行规定178客运专线无砟轨道铁路工程施工质量验收暂行标准179铁路动车组设备设计暂行规定180铁路GSM-R数字移动通信系统工程设计暂行规定181铁路隧道全断面岩石掘进机法技术指南182铁路CTCS:2级列车运行控制系统应答器工程技术暂行规定183铁路CTCS-2级列车运行控制系统列控中心及列控车载设备工程施工质量验收暂行标准184铁路大断面隧道三台阶七步开挖法施工作业指南（试行）185铁路GSM-R数字移动通信工程施工质量验收暂行标准186铁路隧道风险评估与管理暂行规定187铁路列车调度指挥及调度集中系统设计暂行规定188客运专线铁路信号工程施工质量验收暂行标准189客运专线铁路通信工程施工质量验收暂行标准190客运专线铁路工程竣工验收动态检测指导意见191改建既有线和增建第二线铁路工程施工技术暂行规定192铁路货运中心设计暂行规定193铁路隧道施工机械配置指导意见194客运共线铁路工程竣工验收动态检测指导意见195铁路隧道超前地质预报技术指南196铁路大型临时工程和过渡工程设计暂行规定197铁路工程试验表格198铁路建设项目现场安全文明标志199新建铁路工程项目用地指标200铁路工程施工作业要点示范卡片Key Point Demonstration Card for Railway Construction Operation201高速铁路无砟轨道工程施工精调作业指南202客运专线铁路无砟轨道充填层施工质量验收补充标准203铁路工程建设原材料质量控制标准条文汇编204有砟轨道铁路铺砟整道施工作业指南205铁路边坡防护及防排水工程管理补充规定206铁路边坡防护及防排水工程设计补充规定207铁路边坡防护及防排水工程施工质量验收补充规定208客运专线铁路工程静态验收指导意见209客运专线铁路无砟轨道充填层施工技术指南210高速铁路CRTS II型板式无砟轨道施工质量验收暂行标准Standard for Basic Terms of Railway EngineeringCode for Design of Railway RouteCode for Design of Railway Stations and TerminalsCode for Seismic Design of Railway EngineeringUnified Standard for Reliability Design of Railway Engineering StructuresCode for Design of Railway Passenger Station BuildingsCode for Design of Normal Gauge Railway for Industrial EnterpriseCode for Design of Remote Monitoring System for Unattended Railway Equipment RoomCode for Design of Wired Broadcast Against Interference from AC Electrified RailwayStandard for Railway Engineering DrawingStandard for Graphical Symbols of Railway Engineering DrawingTechnical Code for Photovoltaic Power Generating System of RailwaySpecification for Geological Investigation and Supervision of Railway EngineeringCode for Design of Railway SubgradeBasic Code for Design of Railway Bridge and CulvertCode for Design on Steel Structure of Railway BridgeCode for Design on Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Structure of Railway Bridge and CulvertCode for Design on Concrete and Masonry Structure of Railway Bridge and CulvertCode for Design on Subsoil and Foundation of Railway Bridge and CulvertCode for Design of Railway TunnelCode for Design of Railway Locomotive FacilitiesCode for Design of Railway Transportation CommunicationCode for Design of Railway SignalCode for Design of Railway Electric PowerCode for Design on Electric Traction Power Supply of RailwayCode for Design on Water Supply and Drainage of RailwayStandard for Design of Railway Building ConstructionCode for Geological Investigation of Railway EngineeringSpecification for Physical Exploration of Railway EngineeringRule for Geological Drilling of Railway EngineeringCode for Design on Energy - saving of Railway EngineeringCode for Design on Hydrology Investigation of Railway EngineeringSpecification for Geological in Situ Test of Railway EngineeringCode for Design on Retaining Structure of Railway SubgradeCode for Design on Railway Optical (Electric) Cable Transmission EngineeringSpecification for Unfavorable Geological Condition Investigation of Railway EngineeringCode for Design of Facilities for Passenger TrainCode for Design of Facilities for Freight TrainCode for Design on Special Subgrade of Railway EngineeringCode for Design of Railway Time Digital Program - controlled Telephone of Switching EngineeringSpecification for Special Rock and Soil Investigation of Railway Engineering Code for Design on Standby Diesel Power Station of RailwayTechnical Specification for Geological Remote Sensing of Railway EngineeringTechnical Code for CAD on Railway EngineeringSpecification for Hydrogeological Investigation of Railway EngineeringCode for Photographic Survey of New Railway ProjectSpecification for Global Positioning System ( GPS) of Railway SurveyStandard for Design of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning in Railway BuildingCode for Design on Safety Monitoring System of Railway Rolling StockCode for Design on Labor Safety and Hygiene of Railway EngineeringCode for Design on Hump and Shunting Yard of RailwayCode for Fire Precaution of Railway EngineeringCode for Design on Road and Drainage of Railway Station - yardCode for Design on Passenger and Freight Facilities of Railway Station - yard Code for Design on Operation Ventilation of Railway TunnelCode for Design of Railway Hump SignalCode for Design on Signal Interlocking of Railway StationCode for Design of Railway Communication Power SupplyCode for Design on Subscriber Access Network (AN) of Railway CommunicationCode for Design on Passenger Traffic Information System of Railway StationCode for Design on Overhead Contact line System (OCS) in Tunnel of Railway Electric Traction Power SupplyCode for Design on Electric Traction Power Supply of Railway TerminalStandard for Rock and Soil Classification of Railway EngineeringCode for Design of Railway Industrial Station and Harbor StationCode for Design of Sewage Treatment Produced During Railway OperationCode for Design on Power Supply System of Railway Electric Traction Substation Code for Design on Railway Transportation Management Information System (TMIS)Code for Design of Railway TrackCode for Barrier Free Design of Railway Passenger StationSpecification for Engineering Geological Investigation of Natural Construction Materials for RailwayCode for Design on Image Communication of RailwayCode for Design on Dedicated Wireless Communication System for Railway Digital Dispatching Communication SystemCode for Design on Railway Data Network EngineeringCode for Railway Engineering SurveySpecification for Soil Test of Railway EngineeringSpecification for Rock and Soil Chemical Analysis of Railway EngineeringSpecification for Water Analysis of Railway EngineeringCode for Engineering Survey of Railway Reconstruction ProjectTechnical Code for Service Gallery of Railway TunnelTechnical Code for Auto Transformer (AT) Power Supply of Railway Electric TractionTechnical Code for Powder Jet Mixing Method to Stabilizing Soft Soil I-ay6rSpecification for Rock Test of Railway EngineeringTechnical Code for Seismic Appraisal and Reinforcement of Railway BridgeCode for Design of Railway Power Supply Dispatching SystemCode for Design on Geosynthetics Application of Railway SubgradeTechnical Code for Railway Tunnel with GasTechnical Specification for Monitoring Measurement of Railway TunnelTechnical Specification for Smooth (presplitting) Blasting of Railway Cutting SlopeCode for Construction on Concrete and Masonry Works of RailwayCode for Railway Steel Bridge ManufactureSpecification for Installation of Outdoor Signal Equipment for Passenger Dedicated LineTechnical Specification for Foundation Pile Test of Railway EngineeringCode for Construction of Railway Hump SignalSpecification for Non - destructive Test on Lining Quality of Railway TunnelTechnical Specification for Basic Operation Safety of Railway EngineeringTechnical Specification for Construction Safety of Railway SubgradeTechnical Specification for Construction Safety of Railway Bridge and CulvertTechnical Specification for Construction Safety of Railway TunnelTechnical Specification for Construction Safety of Railway TrackTechnical Specification for Construction Safety of Railway Telecommunication，Signaling, Electric Power and Electric Traction & Feeding EngineeringCode for Construction Supervision of Railway ProjectStandard for Quality Acceptance of Railway Track EngineeringStandard for Quality Acceptance of Railway Subgrade EngineeringStandard for Quality Acceptance of Railway Bridge and Culvert EngineeringStandard for Quality Acceptance of Railway Tunnel EngineeringStandard for Quality Acceptance of Railway Communication EngineeringStandard for Quality Acceptance of Railway Signaling EngineeringStandard for Quality Acceptance of Railway Electric Power EngineeringStandard for Quality Acceptance of Railway Electric Traction and FeedingStandard for Quality Acceptance of Railway Water Supply and Sewerage Engineering Standard for Quality Acceptance of Railway Station and Yard WorksStandard for Quality Acceptance of Railway Concrete and Masonry EngineeringStandard for Inspection and Evaluation on Concrete Strength of Railway EngineeringSpecification for Inspection on Structural Concrete Strength of Railway EngineeringCode for Site Management of Railway Construction ProjectStandard for Engineering Laboratory Management of Railway ProjectCode for Design of Environmental Protection of Railway ProjectTechnical Standard for Environmental Impact Assessment of Railway ProjectTechnical Standard for Soil and Water Conservation Program of Railway ProjectA Guide for Preparation of Prefeasibility Study, Feasibility Study and Design DocumentationCode for Engineering Survey of High - speed RailwayCode for Design on High - speed Railway (Trial)Provisions on High Strength Bolting Engineering of Railway Si eel BridgeProvisions on Design of Railway Composite BeamRegulations for Design on Refuge Siding of RailwayTechnical Guide for Construction of Electric Traction and Feeding Works of Passenger - freight RailwayTechnical Guide for Construction of Track Works of Passenger - freight RailwayTechnical Guide for Construction of Subgrade Works of Passenger - freight RailwayTechnical Guide for Construction of Bridge and Culvert of Passenger - freight RailwayTechnical Guide for Construction of Railway TunnelTechnical Guide for Construction of Communication Works of RailwayTechnical Guide for Construction of Signaling Works of Passenger - freight RailwayTechnical Guide for Construction of Electric Power Works of RailwayTechnical Guide for Construction of Electric Traction and Feeding Works of Passenger - dedicated RailwayTechnical Guide for Construction of Water Supply and Sewerage Works of Railway Technical Guide for Construction of Railway Concrete WorksTechnical Guide for Construction of Track Works of Passenger - dedicated RailwayTechnical Guide for Construction of Subgrade Works of Passenger - dedicated RailwayTechnical Guide for Construction of Bridge and Culvert Works of Passenger -dedicated RailwayTechnical Guide for Construction of Ballastless Track Works of Passenger -dedicated RailwayTechnical Guide for Construction of Signaling Works of Passenger - dedicated RailwayTechnical Guide for Construction of Catenary Mast of Electric traction and Feeding of RailwayTechnical Guide for Construction of Precast Yard for Post - tensioned Concrete Beam of RailwayTechnical Guide for Construction of Waterproofing and Drainage Works of Railway TunnelTechnical Guide for Construction of GSM - R Digital Mobile Communication Works of RailwayProvisions on Design of Military Transport Facilities of RailwayCode for Design of Protection Facilities of Railway Bridge and TunnelInterim Provisions of Specifications for Engineering Investigation of Qinghai -Tibet Railway in Permafrost Region (Trial)Standard for Quality Inspection, Assessment and Acceptance of Tunnel Engineering of Qinghai - Tibet Railway in Permafrost Region ( Trial)Standard for Quality Inspection, Assessment and Acceptance of Subgrade Engineering of Qinghai - Tibet Railway in Permafrost Region (Trial)Standard for Quality Inspection，Assessment and Acceptance of Bridge arid Culvert Engineering of Qinghai -Tibet Railway in Permafrost Region (Trial)Standard for Quality Inspection, Assessment and Acceptance of Water Supply and Drainage, and Building Construction of Qinghai -Tibet Railway in Permafrost Region (Trial)Code for Naming of Railway WorksInterim Provisions for Greening Technology for Subgrade Slope Protection of RailwayInterim Provisions for Construction of Qinghai - Tibet Railway in Permafrost region ( Part I )Interim Provisions for Engineering Design of Qinghai - Tibet Railway in Permafrost Region (Part I)Interim Provisions for Design of Seamless Track over Bridge of New Railway ProjectInterim Standard for Quality Acceptance of New Passenger - freight Railway with a Speed of 200 km/hStandard for Quality Acceptance of Heat Insulating and Water Proof Works for Building Construction of Qinghai - Tibet Railway in Permafrost RegionInterim Provisions for Construction of Qinghai - Tibet Railway in Permafrost Region (Part II)Interim Standard for Quality Acceptance of Qinghai - Tibet Railway in Permafrost Region (Part II)Interim Provisions for Design on New Passenger - freight Railway with a Speed of 200 km/hInterim Standard for Inspection and Acceptance of Steel Rail for Passenger -dedicated Railway with a Speed of 250 km/h and 350 km/hInterim Provisions for Design of New Passenger - dedicated Railway with a Speed of 200 - 250 km/hSupplementary Standard for Quality Acceptance of Concrete Works of RailwayInterim Standard for Quality Acceptance of Track Works of Passenger - dedicated RailwayInterim Standard for Quality Acceptance of Subgrade Works of Passenger -dedicated RailwayInterim Standard for Quality Acceptance of Bridge and Culvert Works of Passenger - dedicated RailwayInterim Standard for Quality Acceptance of Tunnel Works of Passenger - dedicated RailwayInterim Provisions for Durability Design of Concrete Structures of RailwaySpecification for Test of Deformation Modulus EV2 ( Trial)Interim Standard for Quality Acceptance of Electric Traction and Feeding Works of Passenger - dedicated RailwayInterim Specification for Beam Erection o^ Railway Bridge Erecting MachineInterim Provisions for Lightening Protection, Electromagnetic Compatibility and Earthing Works of RailwayInterim Standard for Quality Acceptance of Ballastless Track Works of Passenger - dedicated RailwayInterim Provisions for Design of Multiple Unit Equipment of RailwayInterim Provisions for Design on GSM - R Digital Mobile Communication System of RailwayTechnical Guide for Full - face TBM Method of Railway TunnelingInterim Provisions for Balise Engineering Technology of CTCS - 2 Train Operation Control SystemInterim Standard for Quality Acceptance of Train Control Center and on - board Equipment of CTCS - 2 Train Operation Control SystemA Guide for Large Cross - section Railway Tunnel Excavation by Three - bench and Seven - step Method (Trail)Interim Standard for Quality Acceptance of GSM - R Digital Mobile Communication WorksInterim Provisions for Risk Evaluation and Management of Railway TunnelInterim Provisions for Design of Train Dispatching and Centralized Traffic Control (CTC) SystemInterim Standard for Quality Acceptance of Signaling Works of Passenger -dedicated RailwayInterim Standard for Quality Acceptance of Communication Works of Passenger -dedicated RailwayGuiding Opinions on Dynamic Inspection of Completion Acceptance of Passenger -dedicated Railway ProjectInterim Provisions for Construction Technology of Existing Line Renovation and Double - track Railway WorksInterim Provisions for Design on Railway Freight CenterGuiding Opinions on Railway Tunnel Construction Machinery ConfigurationGuiding Opinions on Dynamic Inspection for Completion Acceptance of Passenger -freight Railway ProjectTechnical Guide for Geological Forecast of Railway TunnelInterim Provisions for Design of Large - scale Temporary and Transitional Works of RailwayTesting Tables of Railway WorksSafety Signs for Railway Construction SiteLand Use Index for New Railway ProjectGuide for Fine Adjustment Operation of Ballastless Track Works of High - speed RailwaySupplementary Standard for Quality Acceptance of Filling Layer Construction of BallasLless Track of Passenger - dedicated RailwayA Collection of Standard for Quality Control of Raw Material for Railway ConstructionA Guide for Ballast Laying and Regulating Operation of RailwaySupplementary Provisions for Management of Slope Protection and Waterproofing & Drainage Works of RailwaySupplementary Provisions for Design on Slope Protection and Waterproofing & Drainage Works of RailwaySupplementary Provisions for Quality Acceptance of Slope Protection and Waterproofing & Drainage Works of RailwayGuiding Opinion on Static Inspection and Acceptance of Passenger - dedicated Railway WorksTechnical Guide for Filling Layer Construction of Ballastless Track of Passenger - dedicated RailwayInterim Standard for Quality Acceptance of CRTS II Ballastless Slab Track of High - speed Railway。
BS EN 12663-2000 铁路设备 铁路车辆车身的结构要求
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1 Scope .......................................................................................................................................................................4 2 Definitions ..............
欧标BS EN 15273铁路限界的设计思路与计算原则
Aug 2020NO. 8(Ser. 263)2020年8月 第8期（总263）铁道工程学报JOURNAL OF RAILWAY ENGINEERING SOCIETY文章编号：1006 -2106(2020)08 -0006 -05欧标BS EN 15273铁路限界的设计思路与计算原则柳永春"（中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司，武汉430063）摘要:研究目的：随着我国“一带一路”倡议的实施，国内企业在海外承担的铁路设计和建设项目越来越多。
在国外项目中，由于历史原因，很多国家的轨距及限界均不统一，通常采用的限界标准有国际铁路联盟UIC 标准、欧盟EN 标准、英国BS 标准等，其中BS EN 15273限界标准应用较为广泛。
该标准的研究在国内的应用成果不多，本文旨在介绍该标准的基本原理和在铁路工程设计中的应用方法。
研究结论：（1）应用范围:适用于新建铁路和改建铁路，不适用于自动导向交通和独轨交通；（2）限界分 类:根据限界计算原则和适用范围的不同，分为静态限界、动态限界和动力学限界三种；（3）本文研究可供设计人员在采用BS EN 15273标准的海外铁路工程项目中开展限界设计时参考。
关键词：限界;欧洲标准;互联互通；BS EN 15273中图分类号:U221 文献标识码:ADesign Orientation and Calculation Principles for Railway Gauges Based onBS EN 15273LIU Yongchun(China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co. Ltd , Wuhan , Hubei 430063 , China)Abstract : Research purposes : With the development of the Belt and Road Initiative of our country , there are more andmore overseas railway projects undertaken by Chinese companies. In most foreign countries especially in south 一 eastAsian countries , railway gauges are not unified. UIC, EN and BS standards are always used for railway gauges design ,especially BS EN 15273 standard is commonly applied in overseas railway project. Since there are not many study results for BS EN 15273 in our country , this paper introduces the basic principle and calculation methods of railway gauges.Research conclusions ： (1 ) Scope of application : it is applicable for newly built or updating railway projects , but not for automated guided transit or monorail projects. ( 2) Classification of gauges : in accordance with the difference ofapplication scope and calculation principle , the railway gauges are classified to static gauge , kinematic gauge anddynamic gauge. (3) This paper can be used as a reference for designers to carry out gauge design in overseas railway engineering projects using BS EN 15273.Key words : gauges ； EN standard ； interconnection ； BS EN 152731国外项目限界设计现状中国标准轨距铁路限界的设计遵循1983年发布 的《标准轨距铁路机车车辆限界》（GB 146. 1-83）和《标准轨距铁路建筑限界》（GB 146.2—83）。
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OUTLINE OF DESIGN STANDARDS FOR RAILWAY STRUCTURES AND COMMENTARY (CONCRETE STRUCTURES)
ION OF THE CONCRETE STANDARD
The latest edition of the "Design Standards for Railway Structures (Concrete Structures)" was published in April 2004, hereinafter referred to as the "2004 edition standard." The previous standard was revised to the 2004 edition standard in order to follow the conversion to performance-based regulations of the code provisions of the national technical norm; "Ministerial ordinance that stipulates technical standards pertaining to railways." The 2004 edition standard has been used for the design of railway structures throughout Japan. The highlights of the revision to the 2004 edition standard are (1) the adoption of a performance-based design method, (2) the extension of the applicability of high-strength materials, and (3) the adoption of the latest durability improvement technologies. Some of the latest concrete technologies are also incorporated. The 2004 edition standard has 16 chapters. The standard also includes several appendices that summarize the results of the technical studies conducted for the revision. Table 1 shows the table of contents of the standard.
Table 1 Contents of Design for Railway Structures (Concrete Structures)
Chapter No. 1 2 Title General Basis of Design Required Performance and its Verification for Structures Actions Materials Computation of Response Values Verification of Safety Verification of Serviceability
CONTENTS
I DESCRIPTION OF THE CONCRETE STANDARD .............................................................................. 1 II A BRIEF HISTORY OF REVISIONS OF THE DESIGN STANDARD .................................................. 1 III VERIFICATION PROCEDURE IN THE CONCRETE STANDARD ..................................................... 3 IV SUMMARY OF THE CONCRETE STANDARD .................................................................................... 3 1. General ................................................................................................................................................ 3 2. Basis of Design .................................................................................................................................... 4 3. Required Performance and Performance Verification of Structures .................................................... 4 4. Actions ................................................................................................................................................. 6 5. Materials .............................................................................................................................................. 9 6. Computation of Response Values ...................................................................................................... 11 7. Verification of Safety ......................................................................................................................... 12 8. Verification of Serviceability ............................................................................................................. 14 9. Verification of Restorability .............................................................................................................. 14 10. Assessment of Durability .................................................................................................................. 16 11. Prerequisite of Verification ................................................................................................................ 18 12. Construction and Maintenance .......................................................................................................... 18 13. Members ............................................................................................................................................ 18 14. Structures .................... :...................................................................................................................... 18 15. Structural Details ............................................................................................................................... 19 16. Bearings ............................................................................................................................................. 19 17. Appendices ........................................................................................................................................ 20 V VERIFICATION EXAMPLES, DESIGN GUIDEBOOKS, AND VERIFICATION SOFTWARE ........ 20 1. Verification Examples ....................................................................................................................... 20 2. Design Guidebook ............................................................................................................................. 20 3. Verification Software ......................................................................................................................... 21