sample of a reaction paper

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Sample for review 外文杂志审稿样本

Sample for review 外文杂志审稿样本

Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049) Referee Report Form/molecules/Manuscript ID: molecules-20071212-Soomro-beType of the paper: Full PaperTitle: Synthesis and Photochemistry of Polyene Cored Stilbenoid DendrimerAuthors: Shahid A. Soomro 1,* and Saeeda Aziz-Soomro 2E-mail: shahid.soomro@dafra.beReceived: 11 December 2007Manuscript file:/molecules/temp/molecules-20071212-Soomro-be.doc(size 104 KB)1. OVERALL EVALUATION2. OVERAL L RECOMMENDATION:3. Comments and Suggestions (for author to read)The manuscript “Synthesis and Photochemistry of Polyene Cored Stilbenoid Dendrimer” from Soomro et al. describes the synthesis of first generation dendrimer; a polyene core decorated with four stilbene chromophores. The photophysical study is presented.I cannot recommend the manuscript for publication in the present form; however, after major revision it could be considered again.1) IntroductionFirst the introduction is not clear. From the rest of the manuscript it becomes evident that authors direct their interest to light harvesting; however; in the introduction references are missing related to light harvesting dendrimers, e.g. by Müllen et al. and Moore et al. . Moreover, a reference regarding stilbenoid dendrimers, energy and electron transfer is also missing: H. Meier, M. Lehmann "STILBENOID DENDRIMERS - PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES " in H.S. Nalwa (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 10, 95-106, American Scientific Publishers, Stevensons Ranch 2004.Page 2: a) The new structural concept was envisioned from H. Meiers Group (Angewandte Chemie 1998) almost parallel to the group of Prof. Luping Yu (JACS 1997).b) Since the authors, which performed obviously some work under supervision of Prof. H. Meier (see reference 3, 6 and the PhD thesis Mainz 2005; http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=754); wrote “we envisioned”, I suppose that t hey meant their research group. However, nobody from the former authors (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.1998, 37, 643-645) can be found among the authors. Thus, either the authors need to write “The structural concept was envisioned + references….” or they include simply one of the former authors. Furthermore, it remains unclear how the presented dendrimers are tunable with respect to page 2 of the introduction and what the authors mean by “two fold dendrimers”.A very similar publication where the conjugation between periphery and polyen core is broken by meta-substitution is cited as reference 12. However, the idea presented here, is already given in the later paper. The difference between reference 12 and the presented molecules should be already discussed in the introduction.2) Results and discussion – synthesisPage 3, the twofold Williamson’s ether synthesis leads to the product 5. It is quite normal that a slight excess of bromide 3 is used; however, the reaction is no bromination but an alkylation of a phenolic OH group!PCC should be explained in the text.I wonder if the chromatographic separation was really done on a SiO2 column. The solid phase is usually silica which has not the composition SiO2, which is quartz.The authors probably wanted to wr ite “with almost all-trans configuration”. Frequently, the Horner reaction gives less than 10 % Z configured stilbene. I would recommend to show an NMR spectrum where the integration shows the composition of the product. Moreover, authors should not use cis and trans, but E and Z.3) Results and discussion – UV/Vis and fluorescenceIt is well known, that interaction of transition dipoles leads to a so called Förster transfer of energy. It is certainly not a simple dipole-dipole interaction as described by the authors. This chapter should be completely revised.If the authors describe the excitation of different chromophores, they should give also the spectral band width of their light source.The fluorescence data is ill-interpreted. On the basis of Figure 1 and 2 the emission comes almost exclusively from the core. However, authors should show absorption and fluorescence data in one diagram also including the fluorescence below 400 nm.It is certainly not true that the only the peaks at 536, 552 are related with the core emission. The intensity of the emission spectra is in line with an exclusive core emission and light harvesting process; this part should be completely rewritten.Moreover, authors state that the core can not be separately excited! It is just the opposite!! The peripheral stilbene units can not selectively excited, however, the core can be excited selectively at the absorption edge at long wavelengths. I suppose that this is the reason that the emission is lowest when the chromophore is excited at 385 nm, compared to the irradiation at 314 nm.Finally, stilbenes and polyenes are each conjugated, i.e. they “have pi-conjugation” however, there is no conjugation between them!!4) ExperimentalSynthesis of 2 and 3 is known from literature and there is no need for their description unless there is a change of the procedure.There are many formal and spelling errors, e.g. numbers in formula need to be written as subscripts etc. and for the procedure of compound 5 it should be written phenyl ins tead of “phenly”; the amount of compounds should be given with uniform number of digits; etc.The elemental analysis for compounds 5 and 8 are wrong and are given without any comment!! Either they should be repeated or the reason for such a big deviation has to be explained. Certainly SiO2 should be silica.4. Comments (for editor)This manuscript describes the synthesis and characterization of a series of new diketopyrrolopyrrole-based luminophores and their photoluminescence properties as well in solution as in solid state. Absorption and emission characteristics were extensively analyzed and conclusions were drawn considering the molecular design in solution and in solid state. Also the single crystal structures of some of the DPP-compounds were elucidated and the structure-property relationships were consequently established. Therefore this manuscript meets the requirements for publishing in this journal. However, This paper requires very substantial / major revisions to both technical content and language. I suggest technical issues are dealt with first and then the language is polished after a second review.主题: 审稿各位同学: 你们好!请对文章是否新颖并有实质性的内容,实验设计是否合理,图表是否合理,英文是否通顺,结论是否合理等予以综合评价,并对发表前需作哪些修改和补充,提出具体意见,审稿意见请于10天内返回。

有机实验记录英文范例模板

有机实验记录英文范例模板

有机实验记录英文范例模板Part1:反应前的装置描述1.1:A3L three-necked round bottom flask equipped with mechanical stirrer(or magnetic stirrer),addition funnel and thermometer(or Dean-Stock;drying tube)1.2:All flasks used in the reaction were heated under vacuum for30 minutes and purged with N2for10minutes.(无水反应装置)Part2:加料2.1:不同的顺序和表达2.1.1:A3L three-necked round bottom flask equipped with mechanical stirrer(or magnetic stirrer),addition funnel and thermometer(or Dean-Stock;drying tube)were charged with A(10mL,1mole),B(2g,mole)and C(50mL),2.1.1.1:a solution of D(10g,1mole)in E(20mL)was added dropwise (via addition funnel or syringe)at10oC(or while maintaining gentle reflux;while keeping inner temperature between10oC–30oC)under N2(液体滴加到反应液中)2.1.1.2:D(10g,1mole)was added in portions during a period of1hr (固体分批加入到反应液中)2.1.1.3:D(10g,1mole)and E(20mL)were added in turn.2.2:To a solution(mixture,suspension or slurry)of A(10mL,1mole) and B(2g,mole)in C(50mL)2.2.1:was added dropwise a solution of D(10g,1mole)in E(20mL)with stirring at10oC(or while maintaining gentle reflux;while keeping inner temperature between10oC–30oC)under N22.2.2:was added D(10g,1mole)in portions duringa period of1hr 2.2.3:were added D(10g,1mole)and E(20mL)in turn2.3:2.3.1:A solution of D(10g,1mole)in E(20mL)was added dropwise intoa solution(mixture or suspension)of A(10mL,1mole)and B(2g,mole) in C(50mL)at10oC(or while maintaining gentle reflux;while keeping inner temperature between10oC–30oC)under N2.2.3.2:D(10g,1mole)was added into a solution(mixture or suspension) of A(10mL,1mole)and B(2g,mole)in C(50mL)in portions2.3.3:D(10g,1mole)and E(20mL)were added into a solution(mixture or suspension)of A(10mL,1mole)and B(2g,mole)in C(50mL)in turn2.4:2.4.1:A solution of BuLi or BH3/THF(10mL,1mole,2.5M in hexane)was cannulated into addition funnel or into a solution A in solvent B2.4.2:A solution of BuLi or BH3/THF(10mL,1mole,2.5M in hexane)was added into a solution of A in solvent B via cannula,dropping funnel or syringe over a period of hrsPart3:反应3.1:无溶剂反应A(1g,1mol)and B(1g,1mol)were dissolved insolvent C,evaporated to dryness and heated for x hours at x oC3.2:催化量的反应A(20mL,142mmol)and catalytic amount(a traceamount or two drops)of B were added into a solution of C(4.549g,46.4mmol)in D(120mL)at0 oC3.3:闷罐反应或封管反应A solution of A(x g,x mol)in methanol(x mL)saturated with NH3(or other gas such as:CO,CO2,H2S)was stirred under50Psi at x oC for x hours in a50mL of sealed tube or autoclave.3.4:有气体参与的反应3.4.1:A solution of A(x g,x mol)in methanol(xmL)saturated with HCl was stirred at x℃.3.4.2:Ozone was bubbled into a solution of A(x g,x mol)in MeOH(x mL) at x oC for15minutes.After excess O3was purged by N2,Me2S(x mL)was added at x oC.3.4.3:Gas was bubbled into a solution of A(x g,xmol)and B(x g,x mol) in solvent C(x mL)at x oC for x hours.3.5:混合溶剂参与的反应3.5.1:To a solution of A(x g,x mol)in a mixture of solvent B(mL)and solvent C(x mL)(or a mixed solvent of B and C)was added D(x g,x mol) at x oC,the reaction mixture was allowed to stir(reflux or heat)for x hrs.3.5.2:To a solution of A(x g,x mol)in10:1aqueous acetone(x mL) was added B(x g,x mol)followed by addition of C(x g,x mol),the reaction mixture was allowed to stir(reflux or heat)for x hrs.3.6:分水器分水的反应3.6.1:A(x g,x mol)and B(x g,x mol)in benzene or toluene(x mL)were refluxed for x hours with azeotropical removal of water.3.6.2;A mixture of A,B and TsOH.H2O(56.91g,0.3mol)in toluene(400 mL)was heated to reflux and remove water by Dean-Stark trap.3.7:氢化反应To a solution of A(x g,x mol)in EtOH(x mL)was added Pd-C or Ra-Ni or Pd(OH)2/C(10%,x g)under N2.The suspension was degassed under vacuum and purged with H2several times.3.7.1:The mixture was stirred under H2(x psi)at x℃for x hours.[氢化瓶或高压釜]3.7.2:The mixture was stirred under H2balloon at x℃for x hours.[常压氢化如气球反应]3.7.3:A mixture of A(x g,x mol)and Ra-Ni(x g)in EtOH(x mL)was hydrogenated under50Psi of hydrogen pressure for xhours at room temperature.Part4:反应条件或过程描述4.1:The reaction mixture(solution or suspension)was stirred at5oC for 2hrs and then kept at room temperature(or ambienttemperature)for another2hrs(or overnight)4.2:The reaction mixture(solution or suspension)was refluxed(heated to reflux)or heated at60oC for2hrs(or overnight)4.3:The reaction mixture(solution or suspension)was allowed to reflux (or heat to reflux)for2hrs(or overnight)4.4:The reaction mixture(solution or suspension)was allowed to warm to temperature during2hrs and reflux(or heat toreflux)for2hrs(or overnight)Part5:反应监测5.1:Taking sample from the reaction mixture(solution or suspension)by dropping tube or syringe.After workup,check the reaction via TLC,LC-MS or HPLC etc..(预处理)5.2:反应状态或终点描述5.2.1:The reaction was complete(incomplete or messy)detected (determined or confirmed)by TLC(PE/EtOAc4:1),LC-MS,HPLC or NMR5.2.2:TLC(PE:EtOAc=1:1)or HPLC(107757-088-1)showed or indicated that the reaction was complete.5.2.3:TLC(PE:EtOAc=1:1)or HPLC(107757-088-1)showed the starting material was consumed completely.5.2.4:TLC(PE:EA=1:1)or HPLC(107757-088-1)showed the reaction didn’t work at all or most of starting material was still remained.5.2.5:The starting material was consumed completely,but no desired compound was detected or determined by MS(106657-078-1)or LC-MS (106657-078-1).5.2.6:Several spots were shown on TLC.5.2.7:Only a trace amount of desired compound was detected by MS (106657-078-1)or LC-MS(106657-078-1)or HPLC(106657-078-1)or TLC (PE:EtOAc=1:1).5.2.8:The desired compound could not be isolated,separated or purified by chromatography or prep.HPLC due to poor yield or poor solubility.5.2.9:1H NMR(106675-010-2)or MS confirmed the obtained(or isolated) compound is not the desired compound.The reaction was failed.Part6:反应淬灭6.1:An aqueous solution of A(10mL)was added dropwise into the reaction mixture once the reaction mixture(solution orsuspension)was allowed to warm(or cool)to-5oC or room temperature(ambient temperature).6.2:The hot(or cold)reaction mixture(solution orsuspension)was poured into water(ice water)or poured onto ice.6.3:The reaction mixture(solution or suspension)was concentrated (distilled)under reduced pressure(in vacuum)or evaporated to remove MeOH(THF;DMF etc.)or excess SOCl2(reagent).Then the reaction residue (or the residual)was diluted with solvent and poured into water(ice water) or poured onto ice.Part7:分液提取7.1:The residue was partitioned between ethylacetate(100mL)and1N aq. HCl(50mL).The separated organic layer was washed with water,dried over (Na2SO4or MgSO4)and evaporated to dryness.7.2:After quenching the reaction,the reaction mixture was poured into separatory funnel and separated.7.3:The aqueous layer(or phase)was extracted with organic solvent(40 mL)twice(or X times).The combined organic layers were(or the organic layers were combined and)washed with an aqueous solution of A(50mL) or water and dried over Na2SO4or MgSO4.7.4:The combined aqueous layers were extracted with solvent(40mL)twice (or X times)to remove neutral impurities.The aqueous phase was acidified (or basified)with aqueous HCl(or NaHCO3)till PH=X and extracted with organic solvent.7.5:The combined organic layers were(or theorganic layers were combined and)washed with an aqueous solution of A(50mL)or water and dried over Na2SO4or MgSO4.Part8:浓缩蒸发8.1:After filtration via filter paper or Celitepad,the organic layer (or extract)was concentrated under reduced pressure(or in vacuum)or evaporated to dryness to provide(afford;giveor yield)an oil(or foam) (which solidified on standing)or a white solid.8.2:The organic layer(or extract)was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure(or in vacuum)or evaporated to dryness to provide (afford or give)A(10g,0.5mole)an oil(or foam)(which solidified on standing)or a white solid.8.3:After removal of solvent by evaporation or concentration,A(10g, 0.5mole)was obtained(or prepared)an oil(orfoam)(which solidified on standing)or a white solid.8.4:The extract in CH2Cl2was evaporated to dryness and then swapped with toluene to remove residual CH2Cl2.Part9:几种常见的后处理描述9.1:The reaction mixture or solution was concentrated to dryness.[适用于反应液不需要quench]9.2:After the reaction mixture was cooled to0℃,the reaction mixture was quenched by addition of xmL of H2O,followed by x mL of15%aqueous NaOH.After being stirred at room temperature for x hour,the solid was removed by filtration(orthe mixture was filtered)through Celite pad to remove by-product).The filtrate was concentrated to dryness to give crude product.[LiAlH4反应的经典后处理]9.3:The mixture was diluted with water(x mL),neutralized with solid K2CO3until no CO2was evolved.[适用于酸性反应液的后处理]9.4:The suspension was filtered through a pad of Celite or silica gel and the pad or filter cake was washed with EtOH(xmL×x).The combined filtrates were concentrated to dryness to give product(x g,x%)as.[适用氢化反应的后处理,或者难于过滤的反应液的后处理,但要注意的是这里需要的是滤液而不是固体才能添加助滤剂]9.5:The reaction mixture was poured into x mL of ice-water carefully and the organic layer or phase was separated.[产物在有机相里]9.6:The reaction mixture was poured into x mL of ice-water carefully and the aqueous phase was washed with Et2O(x mL×x)[产品在水相]and acidified with1NHCl to pH=3.The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration or the resulting solution was extracted with EA(x mL×x).9.7:The reaction mixture was filtered and the filter cake was washed with x mL of solvent,dried in vacuum to give or afford product.[这里需要的是固体而不是滤液]9.8:The reaction mixture was quenched with x mL of saturated aqueous NH4Cl. The resulting solution was extracted with EA(xmL×x).[适用于丁基锂等活泼金属有机物的后处理]9.10:The residue was triturated with ether and filtered to afford a white solid.(磨碎)9.11:The crude product was purified by prep.HPLC to give A as a colorless thick oil which was solidified on standing.(静止固化)9.12:After prep.HPLC purification,the eluent was concentrated or evaporated to remove organic solvents.The residual aqueous solution was lyophilized to give a white solid.(冷冻干燥)9.13:After concentration,the crude product was used directly for the next step without purification.Part10:产品的纯化10.1:The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography eluted with PE:EtOAc=10:1to give product(x g,x%)as yellow solid.10.2:The crude product was purified by recrystallization(or recrystallized)from x solvent(x mL).10.3:The crude product was distilled in vacuum(xoC,x pressure)to afford pure product(x g,x%)as colorless liquid.10.4:The crude product was pre-purified by column chromatography followed by prep.HPLC purification or re-crystallization to afford pure product.。

SPED_Weekly Reaction Paper 1

SPED_Weekly Reaction Paper 1

Qian ZhangSPED 662Weekly Reaction Paper: Chapter 1Can you imagine you can’t hear anything can’t understand what people say? When I read the chapter one of Educating Deaf Students: From Research to Practice, I suddenly heard the voice of deaf person’s heart and understand how hard to build up the development and the education of a deaf person. There are three important factors in understanding and completing the education of deaf students, which are the “early access to language”, “social interactions”and “diversity in both object- and person-oriented experience”. According to the textbook, “Teachers and researchers, just like their students, always need to be constructing and refining their knowledge.”(10) In my opinions, the best way to educate deaf people is be a friend with them. There is one sentence in Chinese which is “when three people walk together, there will be one of your teacher”. We can’t force deaf people to learnknowledge, but we can study with them, talk with them, walk with them etc. Because parents, teachers have influence with deaf students’education, we need to feel what they feel, think what they think. We must keep doing any kind of research that it can help us to know what’s the best way to close with deaf people, and we can find a better fashion in education of deaf people.Work CitedMarschark, Marc, Harry G. Lang, and John A. cating Deaf Students: From Research to Practice. 1st ed. New York: Oxford University Press,2006.。

ACG奥克兰大学预科化学样卷

ACG奥克兰大学预科化学样卷

Sample Paper AUniversity of Auckland Certificate in Foundation StudiesChemistryTime allowed: 3 hoursTotal: 160 marksQuestion One: Rules and Principles (3 marks)Match the numbers in Column A with the letters in Column B. Place your answer in the table at the bottom of the page. Column A Column BMark the appropriate letters in the table below for the corresponding number.[3]1. Write the full ground state electron configurations using s, p and d notation for a copperatom and a copper(II) ion. (Do not use the noble gas cores.)(a) Cu ___________________________________________________________ [1](b) Cu2+___________________________________________________________ [1]2. Copper(I) oxide undergoes disproportionation when reacting with sulfuric acid. Completethe following equation by writing the chemical formulae of the two missing products.Cu2O + H2SO4 ______________ + ______________ + H2O [1]3. Placing a piece of pure copper in a test-tube containing a small amount of concentratednitric acid will produce a green solution. Give another observation in this experiment._________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [1]4. The following complex ion has four ligands in its structure and the overall charge is 2+.[Cu(NH3)4]2+(a) Define the term ligand._________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [1](b) Give the IUPAC name for the complex ion._______________________________________________________________________ [1](c) State the shape of the complex ion._______________________________________________________________________ [1](d) What is the colour of this complex ion in aqueous solution?_______________________________________________________________________ [1]Electron configurations of four atoms, W, X, Y and Z, are shown below. W, X, Y and Z are not the actual element symbols.1s 2s 2p 3sWXYZ1. Consider the above electron configurations. Answer the following questions using theletters, W, X, Y or Z.(a) An atom of a Group 15 element. ___________(b) An atom with two valence electrons. ___________(c) The atom is able to form a double bond in its diatomic molecule. ___________(d) The most electronegative atom of the four atoms. ___________(e) The largest atom of the four atoms. ___________(f) Write the chemical formula of the compound formed when W react with Z.___________[6]2. (a) Explain why the first ionisation energy of W is higher than that of X._________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [2](b) Explain why the first ionisation energy of Y is lower than that of Z._________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [2](c) Explain why an X atom is smaller than its anion._________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [2]Question Four: Activation Energy (4 marks)The diagram below shows the energy distribution of reactant molecules at a temperature T1.1. Define the term activation energy._________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [1]2. Mark on the energy distribution curve the activation energy, E cat, in the presence of acatalyst. [1]3. Explain, in terms of the energy distribution curve above, how a catalyst speeds up the rate ofreaction._________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [1]4. Raising the temperature can also increase the rate of reaction. Sketch on the energydistribution curve above a second curve showing the energy distribution at a highertemperature. Label the curve T2.[1]Question Five: Enthalpy of Formation (8 marks)The table below shows some standard enthalpy of formation data.1. Write the balanced equation with state symbols for the standard enthalpy of formation ofammonium nitrate, ∆f H°(NH4NO3(s))._______________________________________________________________________ [2]2. What is the value of the thermochemical symbol, ∆f H°(C(s))?_______________________________________________________________________ [1]3. Calculate the enthalpy change of the following reaction.2NH4NO3(s) + C(s) → 2N2(g) + 4H2O(g) + CO2(g)[3]4. Calculate the enthalpy change of the following reaction. [Given: ∆vap H°(H2O) = 41 kJ mol-1]2NH4NO3(s) + C(s) → 2N2(g) + 4H2O(l) + CO2(g)[2]Question Six: Bond Enthalpies (6 marks)The following table provides the average bond enthalpies in kJ mol-1.1. Define the term bond enthalpy._________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [2]2. Calculate the enthalpy change for the following reaction using the bond enthalpies provided.CH3CH2OH(g) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)[4]Question Seven: Enthalpy of Combustion (4 marks)The diagram below illustrates an approximate method for measuring the enthalpy of combustion of a fuel. The calorimeter used in this apparatus has been simplified as a copper can in the diagram.In an experiment, when 1.00 g of octane was completely burnt in the apparatus shown above, the temperature of 500 g water in the copper can rose from 20.0︒C to 41.5︒C. Calculate the experimental value of the enthalpy of combustion of octane, ∆c H(C8H18(l)).[Given: the specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 J g-1︒C-1][4]Question Eight: Formulae and Isomerism (7 marks)1. (a) What is the empirical formula of compound A?_______________________________________________________________________ [1](b) Compound A exists as a pair of geometric isomers. Draw the structural formula ofthe cis-isomer.[1]2. (a) Write the IUPAC name for compound B._______________________________________________________________________ [1](b) What is the molecular formula of compound B?_______________________________________________________________________ [1] 3. (a) State the type of isomerism between the compounds A and B._______________________________________________________________________ [1](b) Describe a chemical test that can be used to distinguish the compounds A and B.Reagent: __________________________________________________________________ Observations:_________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [2]Question Nine: Propanal and Propanone (7 marks)1. (a)To which homologous series does propanal belong?_______________________________________________________________________ [1] (b)Name the functional group present in propanone._______________________________________________________________________ [1] 2. Propanal and propanone can be distinguished by using Tollens’ reagent or Fehling’s solution as propanone is not easily oxidised. (a)What would be observed when propanal reacts with Tollens’ reagent?_______________________________________________________________________ [1] (b)What would be observed when prop anal reacts with Fehling’s solution?_______________________________________________________________________ [1](c) Balance the following two half equations that show the redox reaction between propanal and Tollens’ reagent .[1][1](iii)Write the overall balanced equation for the redox reaction between propanal and Tollens’ reagent.[1]Question Ten: Lewis Structures (8 marks)1. Draw a Lewis diagram for each of the following species.[3]2. Name the molecular shape of oxygen difluoride, F2O._______________________________________________________________________ [1]3. What is the bond angle in a molecule of boron trichloride, BCl3?_______________________________________________________________________ [1] 4. In which one of the three species the central atom shows octet expansion? Circle the correctanswer below.BCl3F2O SO42−[1]5. Is a molecule of boron trichloride, BCl3, polar or non-polar? Explain your answer._________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [2]Question Eleven: Graphite (5 marks)Graphite is made up of carbon and a well-known example of giant network solids. The diagram below shows the structure of graphite.1. Explain what is meant by giant network solid?_________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [1]2. In terms of structure and chemical bonding explain the fact that(a) graphite has a very high melting point;_________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [2](b) graphite conducts electricity._________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [2]Question Twelve: Boiling Points (6 marks)A graph of the boiling points (T b), in Kelvin scale, of the group 16 hydrides and noble gases is shown below.Te5432T bPERIOD NUMBER400K200K1. Krypton has a boiling point of 120 K. Convert 120 K to degree Celsius ( C)._______________________________________________________________________ [1] 2. Explain the rise in boiling points of the noble gases from neon to xenon._________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [2] 3. Explain why the boiling point of water is higher than those of the other group 16 hydrides._________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [3]Question Thirteen: Organic Products (6 marks)Complete the following equations by giving the organic product in the box provided.1. CH3−C=CH2 HCl∣CH3[1]2. CH3−CH−CH−CH3 conc. H2SO4∣∣CH3 OH reflux[1]major productNH3 in ethanol3. CH3CH2CH2Br[1]4. Br2 and FeBr3[1]5. excess Cl2 / UV lightreflux[1] 6. CH3H+ / MnO4-reflux[1]Question Fourteen: Reaction Routes (9 marks)1. Complete the reaction scheme below by filling in the blank boxes giving the missingreagents [with (aq) or (alc) if necessary].CH2COClCH3CH22NaCH3CH2COO[6]2. Identify the type of reaction that occurs in each case below.(a) From CH3CH2COCl to CH3CH2CONH2:_______________________________________________________________________ [1](b) From CH3CH2CONH2 to CH3CH2COOH :_______________________________________________________________________ [1] 3. Write the IUPAC name for the compound, CH3CH2COOCH3._______________________________________________________________________ [1]Question Fifteen: TNT (6 marks)Benzene can go through a series of reactions to form 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, better known as TNT. The first step is the alkylation of benzene to form toluene (methylbenzene).1. Complete the reaction by writing in the reactant and catalyst required.CH3[2] The next step is the nitration of toluene with a nitrating mixture.2. Complete the reaction by writing in the condition required and drawing the structure of TNTin the space provided.CH3A + BTNT[2]3. Name or give the chemical formula for the substances A and B in the nitrating mixture._______________________________________________________________________ [1] 4. The second step is also known as an electrophilic substitution reaction. Name or give thechemical formula for the electrophile involved in the reaction._______________________________________________________________________ [1]Question Sixteen: Batteries (6 marks)One type of battery is a lithium button cell. It has an output of 3.00 V and finds applications in heart pacemakers. The overall equation is as follows:Li(s) + MnO2(s) → LiMnO2(s)1. What is the change in oxidation number of lithium in this reaction?From to [1]2. What is the change in oxidation number of manganese in this reaction?From to [1] 3. The reaction occurring at one electrode is:Li → Li+ + e-E°(Li+ / Li) = -3.04 VWrite an ionic half equation for the reaction occurring at the other electrode._______________________________________________________________________ [1] 4. Calculate the standard electrode potential (E°) for the half equation you have provided in theprevious question.[1]5. Which electrode would be connected to the negative terminal in the external circuit?_______________________________________________________________________ [1]6. Suggest a reason that there is no water in the lithium button cell._________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [1]Question Seventeen: An Elecrochemical Cell (7 marks)The cell notation summary of an electrochemical cell is given below.Pb(s)∣Pb2+(aq)∣∣MnO4-(aq), Mn2+(aq)∣C(s)1. In the space provided below draw a diagram of the cell as you would construct it in thelaboratory. Label all of the essential components.[3] 2. What colour change would be observed at the cathode during discharging of the cell?________________________________________________________________________ [1] 3. What is the function of a salt bridge in an electrochemical cell?_________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [2] 4. A salt bridge may be a salt solution in agar jelly in a U-tube. The salt solution commonlyused is potassium nitrate or potassium chloride. Explain why potassium chloride is not asuitable salt bridge for this cell._________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [1]Question Eighteen: Electrode Potentials (6 marks)Use the balanced reduction half equations and the standard reduction potentials listed below to answer the questions that follow.1. Which ion is the strongest oxidising agent listed?_______________________________________________________________________ [1] 2. Which metal is the strongest reducing agent listed?_______________________________________________________________________ [1] 3. Which one of the species in the table above could convert Fe2+(aq) to Fe3+(aq) but notconvert Cl-(aq) into Cl2(aq)?_______________________________________________________________________ [1] 4. Consider an experiment of adding freshly prepared aqueous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) toaqueous potassium iodide (KI) in a test-tube. Calculate the E︒cell value and then predictwhether or not the reaction will be spontaneous.[3]Question Nineteen: Nitrogen Production (6 marks)Nitrogen can be produced by reacting hydrogen and nitrogen monoxide in the presence of a catalyst at high temperature. The balanced equation is shown below.2H2(g) + 2NO(g) 2H2O(g) + N2(g)1. Predict what would happen to the yield of nitrogen if the overall pressure in the reactionvessel is increased. Explain your answer._________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [2]2. Predict what would happen to the yield of nitrogen if the steam produced is condensed towater and then removed from the reaction vessel. Explain your answer._________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [2]3. Write the expression of the equilibrium constant (K c) for this reaction.[1]4. If the value of K c is 1028 at 800ºC, what does this imply about the nature of nitrogen?_________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [1]Question Twenty: Hydrogen Sulfide (6 marks)Hydrogen sulfide, H2S, is a foul-smelling compound found in the gases from volcanoes. Hydrogen sulfide is a weak diprotic acid. The first dissociation of H2S in water is given below.H2S(aq) + H2O(l) HS (aq) + H3O+(aq)1. What is meant by the term weak acid?_________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [1]2. Write the K a expression for the first dissociation of H2S in water.[1]3. Give the conjugate base of H2S._______________________________________________________________________ [1]4. Write an equation for the second dissociation of H2S in water._______________________________________________________________________ [1]5. Apart from water what is the other amphiprotic species in the aqueous solution of H2S?_______________________________________________________________________ [1]6. Comment on the electrical conductivity of the aqueous solution of H2S._________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [1]Question Twenty-One: pH (9 marks)Methanoic acid, HCOOH, acts as a monoprotic weak acid when added to water, producing some methanoate ions, HCOO . The pK a value of methanoic acid is given below.pK a(HCOOH) = 3.75, at 25ºC1. (a) Calculate the pH of a 0.500 mol L-1 solution of methanoic acid at 25ºC.[4](b) State the two assumptions involved in your calculation in (a)._________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [2]2. Calculate the concentration of hydronium ions in a 0.500 mol L-1 solution of sodiummethanoate, NaHCOO, at 25ºC.[3]Question Twenty-Two: Antacid Tablets (12 marks)Tablets containing magnesium hydroxide can be used as an antacid. Magnesium hydroxide is slightly soluble in water at 25︒C.1. Write the K s expression for magnesium hydroxide in its saturated solution.[1]2. Calculate the solubility of magnesium hydroxide at 25︒C.[Given: K s(Mg(OH)2) = 7.10 ⨯ 10-12, at 25︒C][1] 3. Calculate the concentration of hydroxide ions in a saturated solution of magnesiumhydroxide at 25︒C.[1] 4. Calculate the pH of the saturated solution.[1] 5. If iron(II) ions were added to the saturated solution of magnesium hydroxide at 25︒C, whatwas the minimum concentration of iron(II) ions would a precipitate of iron(II) hydroxideform? [Given: K s(Fe(OH)2) = 4.10 ⨯ 10-15, at 25︒C][2]6. Explain what is meant by common ion effect._________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [1]7. Calculate the solubility of magnesium hydroxide in a 0.1 mol L-1 solution of magnesiumchloride at 25︒C.[3]8. Aluminium hydroxide is another active ingredient in most antacids and also slightly solublein water at 25︒C. Would you expect the solubility of aluminium hydroxide in a 0.1 mol L-1solution of sodium hydroxide to be greater than, the same as or lower than that in purewater? Circle the correct answer below.Greater than The same as Lower than Justify your choice._________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [2]Question Twenty-Three: Amino Acids (9 marks)The structures of two amino acids alanine and glycine are shown below.1. Classify the amino group in alanine as primary, secondary or tertiary._______________________________________________________________________ [1]2. Alanine exists as a pair of enantiomers containing a chiral centre. Explain the term chiralcentre._________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [1]3. State the difference between a pair of enantiomers in terms of their effect on the plane ofpolarised light._________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [1]4. When two amino acids react together, a dipeptide is formed. In the space provided belowdraw the structures of the two possible dipeptides produced when alanine and glycine react.5. When amino acids undergo condensation polymerisation, a polypeptide is formed. Draw thestructure of the repeating unit of the polypeptide produced using alanine and glycine asmonomers.[1]6. Circle the peptide link in the repeating unit you have drawn above.[1]Amino acids have an acidic functional group and a basic functional group. They normally exist as a zwitterion in aqueous solution.7. Explain the term zwitterion._________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [1]8. Draw the structure of the zwitterion formed when glycine dissolves in water.[1]THE ENDBLANK PAGE。

造纸实验的过程作文

造纸实验的过程作文

造纸实验的过程作文英文回答:Papermaking Experiment.Materials:Newspaper or other scrap paper.Water.Blender.Screen or mold.Towel or cheesecloth.Heavy object.Instructions:1. Tear the newspaper or scrap paper into small pieces and place them in the blender.2. Add water to the blender, about 2 cups for every 1 cup of paper.3. Blend the mixture until it forms a smooth slurry.4. Pour the slurry into the screen or mold. Use a spoon or other tool to spread the slurry evenly over the screen.5. Carefully lift the screen or mold away from the paper.6. Place the paper on a towel or cheesecloth. Roll up the towel or cheesecloth and press down to remove excess water.7. Unroll the towel or cheesecloth and place the paper on a flat surface.8. Place a heavy object on top of the paper to flatten it.9. Leave the paper to dry overnight or for several hours.Once the paper is dry, you can decorate it as you wish. You can use markers, paint, or glitter to create your own unique design.中文回答:造纸实验。

西方文明史reaction paper之the song of Roland

西方文明史reaction paper之the song of Roland

Actually, I did not finish reading the whole material because David’s requirement was 1-7. But as I wanted to know the result, so I did some search to know about the basic plots of the following story. I learned that this story was mainly to glorify Roland. But here I will just make some comments on the parts of 1-7.In these parts, Blancandrin advised the King Marsilion to pretend to become a Christian and send a large amount of livestocks and treasures to the King Charles.Blancandrin was said to be one of the wisest pagan, but I don’t think he was really wise. He was just a cunning man. His advice could be useful for just a short period, but could never be a permanent one. Because the whole thing was false.The same kind of thing is also very common in our daily life. Anything that is false in essence cannot exist for a long time. All of them will come to an end where they are attacked and broken. It’s just like the situation where you tell a lie and afterwards you have to make up more lies to patch it up. Little by little, the lies pile up and form a vicious circle. So it would be much better to be true at the very first moment and correct the mistake in time.The difficulty for me is that for many times I can understand the meaning of a story but I cannot figure out its deeper significance. Perhaps I should read more and think more to be more profound and critical in my thinking.。

reaction-paper]

reaction-paper]

Reaction Paper #1After reading the five short stories, I chose 3 of them I preferred; they are the cask of amontillado, the story of an hour, and the rocking-horse winner. I knew Allan Poe and Lawrence when I was a teenager. I read Allan Poe’s poem, and also Women in love written by Lawrence. Comparing to read poem, I always like reading fictions.For the similarity among the three short stories, first, I noticed their topics are also the symbols for the story. In the first story, the cask of amontillado is the clue of the entire murder. The protagonist found that Fortunato has a wee point which is his pride on his connoisseurship in wine. To let him enter the basement easily, the protagonist told him he bought a cask of amontillado to start his curiosity. Fortunato followed the protagonist to find the Amontillado and want to try the wine, but at last was murdered in the deepest area in the basement. In the story of an hour, from Mrs. Mallard knew her husband’s death to see him back home alive, it is like an-hour-change. She is not that kind of conventional woman who cannot do anything without her husband. On the contrary, she is strong inside to conf ront with the lonely life after her husband’s death; she makes her life full of hope again; she deals with the sorrow alone privately, because she loves her husband after all. Meanwhile, she is read for her new life, her husband came home tiredly. There is a huge drop height between the comfort with her husband’s death and the real life. Maybe, desperately, she died. For the third story, the symbol is, more obvious, therocking horse. The little Paul is a genius who can predict the winner horse of the horse race meeting by riding his rocking-horse. Due to her mother always complain lacking of money and luck, little Paul decided to find the luck and believed that rocking horse can take him to there. But the greed of people destroyed the genius: his uncle found his special ability and take advantage of it to by the most potential horse before the match. While the kind-hearted Paul just want to get the fortune to his mother. The desire for the fortune drove Paul crazy, and his mother and uncle was already beyond crazy. At the end of story, Paul ride on the rocking horse for the last time and got there, he predicted the winner horse again and died. In ancient China, there is a similar story: a genius boy called Zhongyong, he can write poem right away after you chose a topic. His father is extremely proud of him and took him anywhere to sell the poem written by his son but ignored to provide the essential education to his son. Finally, Zhongyong grew up as a normal farmer who cannot even write a poem at all. So, the desire and greed of people can kill everyone who is talented and nice.Also, the three stories have different styles. For the Cask of Amontillado, the author did not tell us who the protagonist is; the only thing we know is that the protagonist will revenge Fortunato because of “thousand injuries of Fortunato.” The entire process of murder is simple and mysterious. The author told us the story as the order of time, but we do not know anything else. The experience of reading is like a steal a glance at the murder case. For the Storyof an Hour, the Author more focused on the mental activities and changes of Mrs. Mallard. Kate Chopin took the omniscient perspective to see through Mrs. Mallard’s mind and describe it for us.Since she is an ultra traditional lady inside, she, in some degree, got freedom from her husband’s death and prepare to enjoy the happy and independent life she would own. She has been looking for ward to “Free! Body and soul free!” for a long time. Unfortunately, her husband came home and ended her dream. She died in desperation. Based on the social background at that time, I think this is a fiction of feminism. And for the Rocking-Horse Winner, this story was written little later than the two I mentioned above. The theme of the story almost has nothing to do with the social background; it is all about unlimited greed and desire come from human nature. At the beginning of the story, the author did not tell us the protagonist’s name but a description about the mother who is always busy in complaining about her unlucky life instead of take care of her children. With the details of the relationship among the few roles was given by the teller, I get to know what kind of boy the Paul is. Paul live in a family where his mother is indifferent to him as a result of concerned about money , while his uncle want to use his genius to make plenty of money. They do not really care about him and what he thought about. After his mother got a mail from the lawyer, she wants more much, so as his uncle. The horrible greed pushed him to the edge of crazy. At the end, it was not under controlled anymore. Hope people can understand what the most valuable is life itself.。

用纸巾做实验作文英语

用纸巾做实验作文英语

用纸巾做实验作文英语英文回答:Using paper towels as an experimental material offers numerous possibilities and can provide valuable insights into scientific concepts. Paper towels are commonly used for absorption or cleaning, but they can also be employed in various experiments that explore physical and chemical properties.One fundamental experiment with paper towels involves investigating their absorption capacity. By measuring the mass of a dry paper towel and then immersing it in water, students can calculate the amount of water absorbed. This experiment helps demonstrate the concept of capillary action and can be used to compare the absorbency of different types of paper towels.Another experiment that utilizes paper towels is the chromatography experiment. Chromatography is a techniqueused to separate and identify mixtures of substances. By placing a small sample of a mixture on a paper towel and allowing it to migrate through a solvent, the different components of the mixture can be separated based on their different rates of migration. This experiment can be used to identify dyes, inks, or other substances.Paper towels can also be used to demonstrate the principles of chemical reactions. For example, by placing a drop of hydrochloric acid on a paper towel, students can observe the formation of hydrogen gas. This reaction can be used to illustrate the concept of acid-base reactions and the production of gases.Furthermore, paper towels can be used to explore the effects of temperature on materials. By heating a paper towel in an oven or on a hot plate, students can observe the changes in its physical properties. This experiment can help demonstrate the concepts of thermal expansion and the decomposition of materials.Using paper towels as an experimental material providesa cost-effective and accessible way to conduct scientific investigations. These experiments can help students develop their understanding of various scientific concepts while also honing their experimental skills.中文回答:使用纸巾作为实验材料提供许多可能性,并能对科学概念进行深入探讨。

职称英语阅读理解2013理工印全

职称英语阅读理解2013理工印全

第六篇Making Light of SleepAll we have a ……1 .The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock becauseit controls when we wake,when we eat and when we sleep.it has a cycle of 24 hours.it is a cycle also called circadian rhythm.it can alarm any time during 24 hours.2. What is implied in the second paragraph?Young children's biological clock has the same rhythm with that of the teenagers.People after puberty begin to go to bed earlier due to the change of the biological clock.Children before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night than adolescents.Teenagers go to bed later than they used to due to the light from the computer screen.3. In the third paragraph the author wants to tell the reader that it is natural for teenagers to stay up late and get up late. staying up late has a bad effect on teenagers' ability to think and learn.during puberty most teenagers experience a kind of gray cloud. it is hard for teenagers to get out of bed in the morning.4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs?Our biological clock resets itself automatically.light gets through our eyes and resets our biological clock.Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically.Our internal clock,like the alarm clock,can be reset.5. According to the last two paragraphs,what did the previous researchers think about the human eye's light-sensing system? The human eye had two light-sensing systems.The human eye had one light-sensing system.The human eye could sense the light of day more quickly than the dark of night.The human eye could reset our internal clocks in accordance with the alarm clocks.第十九篇Graphene's SuperstrengthBig technology comes in ……1.What would change the future of electronics according to engineers?Big technology. Creative ways.Graphene.Both A and B.2. According to the second and third paragraphs,what is true of graphene?It can be used to make paper.It is possible to see it with our naked eye.It is easy to find graphene.It is possibly the thickest material in the world.3.Which of the following can be used to replace the word “apply”in paragraph 4?request. polish. use. put.4.Which of the following is NOT meant in the last two paragraphs?Graphene is made of graphite,one of the softest materials in the world.Graphite is made of layers of graphene,the thinnest material in the world.When we get to the thinnest possible layer of graphite,we find graphene.With a pencil,a sheet of paper and a piece of adhesive tape,we can find graphene.5. Graphene's superstrength lies in the fact thatIt is the thinnest material in the world.It is made of the most abundant elements in the world.It can help to make electronic components smaller.It helps engineers to produce more sensitive electronic products. *第三+八篇"Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan Scientists say they have ……1 .What have scientists found about Saturn?They have found a new moon orbiting Saturn.They have found methane-based life on Saturn.They have found methane-based life on Titan.They have found earthlike life on a Saturn's moon.2. What do scientists say about Titan?There are life clues there. There is acetylene there.Water on Titan exists in the form of ice.Rivers and lakes there contain life formals.3. To date, scientists have not yet detected this form of life.(paragraph 5)What does "this form of life" refer to?Water-based life. Methane-based life.Liquid-water-based microorganisms. Gas-based life.4. What can be inferred from what Allen said?Scientists have different arguments over whether there is life on Titan.Scientists all agree that there is life on Titan.Scientists all suggest that a biological explanation is reasonable. Scientists all agree that a non-biological chemical reaction is a possible explanation.5. Which of the following can replace the title of this passage? Earthlike Living Beings Found on Titan.Finding of One More Moon of Saturn.Titan, a New Satellite Found.A different Life Form, a Possibility.*第四十篇Teaching Math, Teaching AnxietyIn a new study……1. What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago, according to the first paragraph?Girls comfortable with their own math skills are better than boys at math.Girls uncomfortable with their own math skills are not as good as boys at math.Female teachers' math skills have influence over girl students' math skills.Female teachers' confidence in their math skills is related to girl's math skills.2. What is implied in the third paragraph?Math teachers, like math learners, do not like the subject due to its difficulty.A difficult subject like math may affect teachers' confidence in teaching the subject.Teachers are more anxious teaching math than their students learning math.Math is so difficult that no teachers like to teach it.3. According to the experiment, those teachers were probablyanxious about math when they feltnervous memorizing the numbers of a sales receipt.helpless saving the numbers of a sales receipt.uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt.hopeless filling in the numbers of a sales report.4. The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findingsprove a strong link between female teachers' math anxiety and their female students' math achievements.show that male students are less likely to be affected by their math anxiety than female students.provide strong evidence that math superstars are more likely to be males than females.discover a strong link between teachers' math anxiety and their students' math achievements.5. David Geary thinks thatthe study is interesting but it is based on unreliable research process.the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.the research results need to be reinterpreted to be meaningful. the study is well based and produces significant results.+第四+五篇Small But WiseOn December 14,NASA ……1 .What is so special about WISE?It is small in size but carries a large camera.It is as small as a trashcan.Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space.Never before has a telescope carried a digital camera in space.2. Which is NOT the synonym for the word "snap" in the third paragraph?make shoot take photograph.3. The camera on WISEis no different from an ordinary camera.does not see infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does. catches the infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does not.reflects light that human eyes can see.4. Which of the following is NOT correct about "asteroids" according to paragraph 7?Asteroids float through space giving off visible light. Asteroids do not reflect light that reaches them.It is difficult to take asteroids' pictures by ordinary cameras, The WISE telescope can take pictures of asteroids5.What is implied in the last paragraph?Brown dwarfs give off visible light.Brown dwarfs give off infrared radiation.Brown dwarfs are power stars like the sun.Brown dwarfs are impossible to see with the WISE telescope. +第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"Research by the University……1 .Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?Because they build their own nests.Because they collect food.Because their activity affects the environment.Because they are predators. 2. As predators, antsprey on small as well as large animals.collect nutritious food from the soilcollect food as decomposers.prey on species much higher up the food chain.3. Dir Sanders' study centered on how antscan manage to thrive in huge numbers.defend their resources and territory against other predators. attack those invading animals for survival.produce such a big impact on the environment.4. What does paragraph 6 tell us?Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small.Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.Ants' predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.At higher density, ants produce a positive influence on an area.5. What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph?What roles do ants play in the ecosystem in which they live? How do ants affect the animal diversity in a given ecosystem? How do human activities affect ants' influence on a given ecosystem?How do ants alter the physical and chemical environment?In a finding that may speed efforts to conserve oil……1.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "sparked" appearing in paragraph 2?flashed stimulated changed ended2.The term "a bell shaped curve" appearing in paragraph 2 indicates that global oil production willtake the shape of a flat curve.B keep growing.keep declining.start to decline after global oil production peaks.3.Which of the following is NOT true of the Hubbert model?It successfully predicted that oil production peaked in the U.S.in l 970.It has been used to predict oil production in many countries.It is insufficient to explain oil production cycles in some countries.It provides a very realistic and accurate oil production. 4.What is the major achievement of the new study mentioned in the last paragraph?It predicts global oil production will peak in 2014.It predicts oil production will decline in 47 countries.It confirms further the effectiveness of the Hubbert model.It discovers a new trend of Worldwide oil production.5. Who develop the new version of the Hubbert model? American scientists.Kuwaiti scientists.British scientists.Scientists of 47 major oil-producing countries.What do chicken pox……1.According to the first paragraph,people try tokill microorganisms related to chicken pox,the flu,etc.keep themselves away from viruses because they are invisible.stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases.cure themselves of virus—related diseases by taking medicines.2 What is Belcher's team doing at present?It is finding ways to get rid of viruses.It is mass—producing microbatteries.It is making batteries with viruses.It is analyzing virus genes.3 What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word "shrink" appearing in paragraph 5?Broaden Spread Extend Expand4. Which of the following is true of Belcher's battery mentioned in paragraph 6?It is made of metalIt is a kind of watch battery.It can only be seen with a microscopeIt is a metallic disk with viruses inside it.5. How tiny is one battery part?Its width is one tenth of a hairIt equals the width of a hairIt is as thin as a piece of paperIts width is too tiny to measureInvisibility cloaks would have remained……1.What is true for metamaterials?They will always remain in science fictionThey are already a realityThey are nonexistent in natureScientists begin to use them to build invisible cloaks2.A hyperlens is a more powerful tool than a traditional lens as it can allow scientists to see small thingsas it can help photographers to capture images far awayeven if it is made of ordinary materialsas it can help scientists to see even the wavelengths of visible light3.Scientists at the Polytechnic University of Valencia try to inventan acoustic cloak that can shuffle waves of lightan invisible cloak that can shuffle waves of soundan acoustic cloak that can shuffle waves of sounda cloak that is made of materials found in nature 4.According to Sdnchez—Dehesa,it is of great possibility to build an acoustic cloak soon.it is possible to build an acoustic cloak in theory but far from reality.it is totally impossible to build an acoustic cloak.it is theoretically impractical to build an acoustic cloak 5.What ways are some scientists looking into to protect the island and oil;rig from tsunamis? (Read the last paragraph Surround them with metamaterials as protective shields Stopping the tsunami with metamaterials hours before it reaches themBuilding them with larger metamaterials to keep away tsunamis Using the equipment made of metamaterials to forecast arrival of a tsunamiThe Ford motor company's1 abandonment ……They have given up producing electric cars.will not be the main transportation vehicles in the future. Toyota and Nissan.run more miles than petrol driven cars.The legislation will allow more low-emission lo be produced. Understanding how nature responds to climate …….to collect data of the life cycle of living things.To send their research observations to a professional database.a citizen scientist.Only experts can participate in it.To investigate how plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur ………They focus their research on safety and new fuels.because drivers make mistakes.Windscreens mat can help drivers to improve their vision.To call for help when me car gets jammed in the traffic.It will take some time before robotic drivers can be put to practical use.Coffee lovers beware. Having a quick "pick-me-up" …coffee is a stimulant.Caffeine halves the body's levels of sleep hormone.Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep. Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone.we should not drink coffee after supper.Using enzymes commonly found in living cells,……When the technology of a new type of fuel cell is suitable for mass production.They had trouble keeping enzymes in fuel cells active.when the enzyme oxidizes the glucose from a sugary liquid that goes through a pocket.Their limited power generation capacity is a good beginning.It will take some time before die new fuel cells can be used in popular products.Some 300 meters up, near the Eiffel Tower's……..Tourists of all nationalities come to scribble on the cold iron of the tower.Visitors prefer wasting time scribbling to enjoying the view. He climbed 747 steps up the tower in 19 minutes and 4 seconds. Conducting research in various fields.Visitors can imagine freely what the tower represents.Even ancient Egypt's mighty pyramid builders were……Because even they were unable to rescue their civilisation. Change of climate.The White Nile and the Blue Nile are branches of the River Nile.immediately after a period of drought."damaging".Young female chimps are faster and better learners……Because young female chimps begin to study their mothers earlier.Vegetation.Females could get out more termites with every dip.It will make them good fighters and hunters in the future. Adult chimps hunt monkeys while young chimps fish for termites.Companies are paying up to SI0,000 to register domain……the company Network Solutions.the US government.a registrar.It must pay up to $10,000 or a nonrefundable deposit.The registration fee for a domain name on the Internet.In January, 2003, the eastern two-thirds of the United…….The temperature in the United States except the South dropped below the freezing mark.Parts of interior South Florida.he was caught by the sudden cold.' wanted to encourage trucks to transport as much fruit lo market as possible.Florida Citrus Mutual sprayed trees with sprinklers for citrus growers.Scientists can't yet make an invisibility cloak1 like the ……try to invent a device similar in idea to the invisible cloak he uses.Their wavelengths are longer than those of visible light. Microwaves bounce off it when they strike it.disk or plate placed under a drinking glass to protect a table top. die cloaking device works only for microwaves.A concept car developed by Japanese company ……It has sensors locked up in the ignition system.breathalyzer attached to a car's seat belt,It monitors the driver's eyes to see if he needs a rest.Nissan aims to improve the detection technology to reduce the fatality rate.The car will automatically keep to its lane.Learning how to fly took nature millions of years…….The two professors of CUT programmed the data on how the robot flapped its wings.It twitched but gradually gained height.The winged robot could never really fly.A movement detector.All the above.In what resembles a journey to the center……erupted in 1991.predicting volcano eruptions.Because Japan has many living volcanoabout half way up the mountain.drill a hole into the core of a volcano.Even with the best will1 in the world, reducing….despite the difficulty, scientists have some options to prevent global warming.think the problem has been solved.Methadone is an effective way to treat a hard heroin addict.To apply sunscreen to the Earth.It decreases greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.Worldwide every day, we devour the energy equivalent ……Oil supply is decreasing.Coal is the most environmentally unfriendly fuel next to oil. The United States.There will soon be an energy crisis.The sea level will go up.Prolonging human life has increased the size of the…….a decrease in death rates.infants could be left dead in times of starvation.Many of them have a very hard life.the need to take care of a sick and weak person.Critical.Oceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet….A submersible.It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters.the ocean. Shape.Both A and B.Scientists have been studying natural sources of ……..It was produced in oxygen-free environments.an environment with the same concentration of oxygen as the Earth has.The higher the temperature, the greater the amount of methane emissions.Microbes in plants produce methane.Less methane reaches the atmosphere.You've probably heard that no two snowflakes are……No two snowflakes are exactly the same in shape.They are six-sided.Humidity and temperature.admires the beauty of the snowflakes.create snowflakes that are exactly alike.The graceful wooden windmills that have broken up ……Wooden shoes and wooden windmills.It is a high-tech machine designed to generate energy for urban people.can be carried up to the rooftop without a crane.the Netherlands is a small country with a large population. Both A and C.Coal burning deep underground in China, India and ……poisonous elements released by the underground fires can pollute water sources.Coal heats up on its own and catches fire and burns.Coal fires can have an impact on the environment.He has detected and monitored underground fires in the Netherlands. ',Cutting off the oxygen supply.A meager diet may give you health and long life, …….We have to begin dieting since childhood.To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.They are more likely to suffer from inflammation.The mice that started dieting in old age.dieting is not a good method to give us health and long life. Male pilots flying general aviation (private) aircraft in….. Gender difference in relation to types of aircraft crashes.Only mature pilots are studied to determine the gender differences in the reasons for aircraft crash,They studied the findings of several previous research projects. Loss of control on landing or takeoff and stalling.male pilots are found to make more errors in decision-making. Joe Coyne slides into the driver's seat, starts up the car ……Coyne is not really driving so it is impossible for him to have hit the woman.All of the above.In challenging driving situations, drivers do not have any additional mental energy to deal with something else.want to determine the best ways of giving navigational information system.Men prefer more general directions and women prefer route directions.To sleep. Perchance to file"? Findings published …….. Docs brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep? Somatosensory neocortex and hippocampus work together in memory consolidation.The poorer the memory, the poorer glucose tolerance.The more hippocampus shrinks, the poorer one's memory.To control glucose levels.Experiments under way in several labs aim to create …….. GM foods may bring about great benefits to humans.It is cited to show GM foods also have a dark side.They may have a higher ability to adapt to the environment. The United States has not banned GM foods.We cannot tell from the passage.In the digital realm, the next big advance will …….are in its initial stage of development.machines can be our agents as they understand our thoughts.It motivates the development of the digital world.All of the above.In a personalized market, products are tailored toeachconsumer.A hurricane is a fiercely powerful, rotating form of tropical ……A calm central region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter.The tropical waters are warm and calm.To supply the motive force or power and cause to function. Low pressureThe humanitarian crisis is as serious as that of the great depression.A team of researchers in California has developed a ……Neurons in the brain.f MRI helps scientists to discover how the brain develops intelligently."marking the parts of the brain that arc processing information" Two volunteers.Your Thoughts Can Be Scanned.The withdrawal of Nevada's…Canceling.should be approved by local people and states.The decision by Congress was accepted by local communities. Efforts should be made to develop nuclear disposal sites to suit the circumstances of the region.Waste disposal sites are located close to reactors and in places suitable for the regional circumstances.Using die power of the sun is nothing new. ……Plants have been using solar energy for billions of years.. Because they want green plants lo become a new source of energy.When there is no oxygen in the air.It is too slow for algae to produce hydrogen when the sulfate is removed.They are cheap to eat.6. Why do some scientists study how plants convert sunlight carbon dioxide and water into sugars and starches?Because they want green plants to become a new source of energy.A device that provides early warning of a landslide ……Landslides.All of the above.Because the common methods can cause false alarms.It is filled in with gravel.Evidences.In what may be bad news for bars and pubs, ……. who drink alcohol outside of meals.It increases by 20 percent the possibility of cancer in all sites.3 drinks.Laryngeal cancer.reduces the risk of laryngeal cancer.Factory fanning could soon enter a new era of mass ….. Cloned chickens are bulk-produced with the same growth rate, weight and taste.The US's National Institute of Science and Technology. chickens could grow to the same weight but with less feed. Origen has joined hands with Embrex in producing cell-injecting machines.farmers can order certain strains of chicken only.Scientists watched closely last spring as a haze of …..of desert dust and hydrocarbons.heir ability to reflect light is much stronger.She collected samples of pollutants on the Northwest coast for further tests.The two research teams whose Findings Price correlates hers with are based in Asia.Pollutants coming from Europe are not the main source of pollution in North America.Oil and gas will run out too fast for doomsday……..Oil and gas will run out so fast that Earth's doomsday will never materialize.cut C02 emissions.3,500 billion by a growing number of scientists.He thinks that IPCC's estimates are more optimistic than the Swedes.A switch to burning coal would produce disastrous environmental problems.Today petroleum provides around 40% of the world's …..A and B.is the largest of all the hydroelectric dams in the world. Norway.All of the above.are renewable so sustainable.There are several different methods that can be used …….. Imagination of the forecaster.if weather conditions do not change much.the weather features need to be constant for a long period of lime.Both climatology method and analog method.when the current weather scenario differs from the analog. Judith S. Weis, a biology professor who serves as ……. School boards oppose AIBS's effort to defend the theory of evolution.Darwin's theory is denied as the central theory of biology. more than 80 societies and 250,000 members.is fundamental to the development of modern genetics, molecular biology and genomics.Because the term creationism is too direct.Invisibility cloaks' would have remained ……They are nonexistent in nature.as it can help scientists to see even the wavelengths of visible light.an acoustic cloak that can shuffle waves of sound.it is possible to build an acoustic cloak in theory but far fromreality.Surround them with metamaterials as protective shields.A male zebra finch1 chirps away to himself. Suddently……Male zebra finches change their songs in female zebra finches' presence.Female finches liked songs male finches sang for them.Songs sung by male finches for female finches.Male zebra finches sing to themselves.Birdsongs as communication.Cryptic species — animals that appear identical but are ….. The results of the research can help our understanding of "survival of the fittest. "Both B and C.Not yet.They are two genetically distant species.identified only one mosquito species instead of six species. NASA scientists said that Mars was covered once by ……. Water in a soil sample.The samples got stuck inside the scoop.Scientists have been trying to break the ice-rich layers of soil on Mars.They are from both America and Canada.It imitates human vision and is able to capture three-dimensional images.Cell phones are a danger on the road in more ways ….. both A and C.Before the number of cell phone users reached a critical mass The number of traffic deaths was reduced in the late 1980s and part of the 1990s due to cell phone use.It had a life-taking effect because there weren't enough cell phones in use then .The number of cell phone users reached about 100 million. 2012理工完形填空第三篇Germs on BanknotesPeople in different countries use different types of money : yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use different currencies, but these countries, and probably all countries, still have one thing in common: Germs on the banknotes.Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over100 years. At the turn of the 20th century, some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease.Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency within one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different countriesVriesekoop is a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in Australia. He led the study, which compared the germ populations found on money gathered from 10 nations. The scientists studied 1,280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets street vendors and cafes, because those businesses often rely on cash.Overall, the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria----no more than 10 per square centimeter. Chinese yuan had the most ---- about 100 per square centimeter. Most of the germs on money probably would not cause harm.What we call “paper” money usually isn't made from paper. The U. S. dollar, for example, is printed on fabric that is mostly cotton .Different countries may use different materials to print their money. Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his team such as the American dollar were made from cotton. Others were made from polymers.The three currencies with the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers. They included the Australian dollar, the New Zealand dollar and some Mexican pesos.The other currencies were printed on fabric made mostly of cotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This connection suggests that germs have a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do more studies to understand how germs live on money-----and whether or not we need to be concerned. Vnesekoop is now starting a study that will compare the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills.Whatever Vriesekoop finds, the fact remains: Paper money harbors germs We should wash our hands after touching it; after all, you never know where your money’s been. Or what's living on it第十篇 Chicken Soup for the Soul:Comfort Food Fights LonelinessMashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries, but according to a study in Psychological Science, they’re good for your heart and emotions.The study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel."For me personally, food has always played a big role in my family,” says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the study.The study came out of the research program of his co—author Shira Gabriel.It has looked at non-human things that may affect human emotions.Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their favorite TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones.Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect by making people think of their nearest and dearest.In one experiment, in order to make participants feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them. Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment. Then , some people in each group wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food.Finally, the researchers had participants complete questions about their levels of loneliness.Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely.But people who were generally secure in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food."We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us." says Troisi."Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others." In their essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the experience of eating food with family and friends.In another experiment, eating chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food. This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it.。

关于造纸的英语

关于造纸的英语

打浆beating打浆机beater打浆辊beater roll打浆槽beater tub唇板slice lip单纤维single fiber单面白纸板one-side white board单面胶版纸one-side offset paper低浓浆泵low consistency stock pump多长网造纸机multiple-wire machine植物纤维vegetable fiber人造纤维artificial fiber合成纤维synthetic fiber废气relief gas废液waste liquor(spent liquor)废渣off scum废页waste leaf(waste sheet)废纸waste paper废纸边waste sheet废纸浆waste paper stock封头上胶机head gluer干燥部dry part(dry end)干燥器desiccator工艺规程technical schedule公害public nuisance挂面纸板(多层纸板)lined board光泽烘缸glazing dryer(又称扬克烘缸)光泽度glossing agent硅干扰silicon disturbance硅酸钠sodium silicate过漂overbleach过滤纸板filter board复卷机winder箱板纸liner board中国轻工国际工程设计院China BCEL international engineering Co.,Ltd 箱板纸机liner board machine流送系统approaching flow system高强牛皮箱板high test kraft liner board牛成箱纸板kraft liner board再生箱纸板recycled liner board引纸系统lead-in system引纸辊lead-in roll托纸板paper supporting board卷取站reel station压纸辊和底辊top roll and bottom roll纸卷卸载装置lowering table纸芯夹持装置paper core holder切断刀tail cutter纸芯自动加载装置automatic paper core loading system纸芯存放台paper core storage table输送机构,加载机构conveying device,loading device选择性报价selective quotation纸边处理系统paper edge handling system切边刀edge-trimming cutter损纸碎浆机broke pulper退纸架unwind stand大回旋分切单元log saw复卷单元rewinding unit打孔线perforation unit压边线单元ply-bonding unit纸芯管制造和智能喂入单元core making unit&core aptitude transfer unit齿刀toothed blade平刀anvil blade气动或液压式顶针pneumatically or hydraulically actuated core chucking assembly 断纸检测detecting system for web break纸卷自动对中automatic alignment for centering of parent reel复卷辊rewinding roll压纸辊rider roll自动断纸系统automatic transfer cut-off system卫生卷纸包装设备toilet roll packaging machine包装完成输送带conveyor of packaging completion缓冲输送带buffer conveyor卫卷分配系统roll distributor单卷(多卷)包装机single(multi)roll packaging machine装袋机bagging machine喂入系统feeding system门辊涂布gate roll coating门辊式涂布器gate roll coater密封罩closed hood棉杆cotton stalk棉浆cotton pulp棉纸cotton paper棉短绒little cotton velvet(或linter)棉纤维cotton fiber(或cotton linters)明矾alum明胶gelatin(由动物的皮或骨等熬制而成的一种胶类,从无色到黄色,呈透明或半透明状。

reaction paper范文

reaction paper范文

英文回答:Upon contemplation of the materials provided in the reading and lecture, the discourse concerning the impact of social media on mental health has captured my intellectual attention. The elucidated examples in the reading, coupled with the supplementary research I pursued, have brought to light the perturbing trend of heightened anxiety and depression among the youth, attributable to their engagement with various social media platforms. The analogy drawn to a 'highlight reel' of one's life on these platforms has left a profound impression, prompting me to deliberate on the potential deleterious effects of incessantlyparing oneself to the meticulously curated images and narratives disseminated by others. This topic has personally resonated with me, as I have frequently experienced feelings of inadequacy and envy subsequent to perusal of social media content. I firmly believe that this issue warrants further scrutiny and discourse.在阅读和演讲中提供的材料之后,关于社交媒体对心理健康的影响的论述吸引了我的智力关注。

西方文明史reaction paper之Medea

西方文明史reaction paper之Medea

This material tells the story of Medea’s tragedy of being abandoned by Jason. She helped Jason to get the golden wool at the expense of giving away her family. She left her home with Jason to his country, only to get abandoned and exiled.I don’t like this material because it showed Greek’s idea that women was the source of evil. For example, the lines “And women, though most helpless in doing good deeds, Are of every evil the cleverest of contrivers” just proved this idea. And the lines “if your life at night is good, you think you have Everything; but, if in that quarter things go wrong, You will consider your best and truest interests Most hateful”seemed to regard women as a kind of nasty animal, which made me very uncomfortable.Besides, in the material, Jason said that he would not let Medea’s children to go to suffer with her. This showed, just like David had said, children were more important than wife in Greek’s mind.I am not a feminist, but I think women should be treated as equally as men. In ancient China, there also existed a saying that women were the source of catastrophe.I think both of the two ideas are very absurd. It’s unreasonable to say that women have nothing but uselessness and evil while men have all the merits. Fortunately, time has changed. Nowadays, the social status of women is increasing. More and more women become independent and earn respect and appreciation. But discrimination still exists. There is still a long way to go for the complete equality between male and female.。

黑龙江省哈尔滨市2022-2023学年高三下学期三模英语试题含答案

黑龙江省哈尔滨市2022-2023学年高三下学期三模英语试题含答案

Britain's most popular and recognizable artists, painted the words “Love Life” on the final wall of the show.
Explaining his actions, he said, “I love my work. And I think the work has love. Actually... I love life.”
whose money is going to be feeding their children and making sure they have a roof over their head,” Starks said.
“I wasn't expecting a big reaction. I thought Id maybe get five kids or so, but I didn't realize how huge the need
Starks says once the back to school rush is over, she plans to keep up the effort once a month for children all
over Nashville. “Doing this makes me happy,” she said. “The smile on the children's faces are priceless. It brings
35,” Starks said.
Her inbox was quickly flooded with requests for appointments and Starks found herself working every night

西方文明史reaction paper之Sappho

西方文明史reaction paper之Sappho

Actually, I have difficulty in understanding the meaning of these poems, so I did some research on the Internet.At first I thought these poems were written from the perspective of a man, but I was wrong. They were written in the view of a woman. And it surprised me that the woman poet of these poems was a homosexual.Her poems talked about love.It’s really hard for me to figure out the meaning so I just talk about my opinion about homosexuals.Homosexual lovers have long existed in history, but it hasn’t been many years since a lot of homosexuals became known to the public. I think maybe it’s because nowadays people are more open and tolerant towards different attitudes and values so homosexuals dare to express themselves.I don’t mind homosexuals as long as they don’t disturb my life. I respect their values because I believe they also have true love.But there is a trend that I worry about. More and more girls like to read anything about gay love and like to put two men together to make them couple. Sometimes the two men they put together are just ordinary friends but these girls’behavior makes them embarrassed, which sometimes even destroy a friendship. I really dislike such behavior. No matter what the truth is, we shouldn’t impose our thoughts upon others. Others’emotions are none of our business. And what is strange is that these girls themselves are heterosexuals. I wonder whether someday they would face a situation where their boyfriends or husbands are in danger of being robbed by gay men.。

小学上册第四次英语第4单元期中试卷

小学上册第四次英语第4单元期中试卷

小学上册英语第4单元期中试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题,每小题1分,共100分.每小题不选、错误,均不给分)1.The first settlers in America were looking for _______. (新机会)2.The _____ (兔子) nibbles on fresh greens in the garden.3.The cake is _____ (ready/cooked).4.We have a ______ (学校) trip next week.5.I enjoy _______ (walking) in the rain.6.What is the term for the amount of space an object occupies?A. WeightB. VolumeC. MassD. Density答案:B7.The _____ (水獺) plays with its friends in the river.8.The _______ (The Trail of Tears) was the forced relocation of Native Americans.9.I enjoy drawing ______ during art class.10.My dream is to travel to _______ (日本).11. A __________ is formed when water collects in a low-lying area.12.The _____ (bark) can be used for crafts.13.What is the shape of the Earth?A. SquareB. RectangleC. SphereD. Triangle答案:C14.What is the name of the famous wall in China?A. The Great WallB. Hadrian's WallC. Berlin WallD. Wall of Jericho答案:A15.The study of Earth's materials is crucial for understanding ______ processes.16.The ________ (植物选育) leads to better yields.17.Which holiday comes in December?A. HalloweenB. ChristmasC. ThanksgivingD. Easter18.What is the term for the study of weather?A. AstronomyB. MeteorologyC. GeologyD. Biology答案:B19. A substance that increases the rate of a reaction is known as a _____.20.The __________ (历史的挑战) include preservation and interpretation.21.The chemical symbol for tungsten is ______.22.My sister is a ______. She loves to create videos.23.The capital city of Maldives is __________.24.What do you call a house made of ice?A. IglooB. CastleC. HutD. Cabin答案:A25.My brother is a __________ (市场营销专家).26.I like to play _______ (视频游戏) after finishing my homework.27.I think technology can help us connect with __________.28.What is the name of the famous bear in "Winnie the Pooh"?A. PaddingtonB. YogiC. PoohD. Baloo答案:C29.The larger the mass, the greater the ______.30.What is the capital of New Zealand?A. AucklandB. WellingtonC. ChristchurchD. Dunedin答案:B31.What do you call the sound a dog makes?A. MeowB. BarkC. MooD. Quack答案:B32.What is 30 15?A. 10B. 15C. 20D. 25答案:B33. A barometer measures _______ changes in the atmosphere.34. (64) is the fastest river in the world. The ____35.Which animal is known as "the king of the jungle"?A. LionB. TigerC. BearD. Elephant答案:A36.The painter, ______ (画家), uses bright colors in her artwork.37.What is 100 40?A. 50B. 60C. 70D. 80答案:B38.Insects can help in __________ (传粉).39.The process of photosynthesis takes place in the __________ of the plant.40.What is the capital city of Myanmar?A. NaypyidawB. YangonC. MandalayD. Bagan41.Acids can donate protons, while bases can accept ______.42.The owl is a _______ (夜行性) creature.43.The ________ (生态影响评估工具) assists in decision-making.44.We are going to have ________ (野餐) tomorrow.45.My favorite _____ is a cute little squirrel.46.What is 100 25?A. 65B. 70C. 75D. 80答案:C47.What do you call a young female tiger?A. TigressB. CubC. KittenD. Pup答案:A48.What do you call the event where you celebrate a milestone in life?A. CelebrationB. PartyC. GatheringD. Occasion答案:A49.The _____ (小猴子) swings from branch to branch in the trees. 小猴子在树枝间摇摆。

专业英语课文翻译

专业英语课文翻译

School of chemical engineering and pharmaceutical test tubes 试管test tube holder试管夹test tube brush 试管刷test tube rack试管架beaker烧杯stirring搅拌棒thermometer温度计boiling flask长颈烧瓶Florence flask平底烧瓶flask,round bottom,two-neck boiling flask,three-neck conical flask锥形瓶wide-mouth bottle广口瓶graduated cylinder量筒gas measuring tube气体检测管volumetric flask容量瓶transfer pipette移液管Geiser burette(stopcock)酸式滴定管funnel漏斗Mohr burette(with pinchcock)碱式滴定管watch glass表面皿evaporating dish蒸发皿ground joint磨口连接Petri dish有盖培养皿desiccators干燥皿long-stem funnel长颈漏斗filter funnel过滤漏斗Büchner funnel瓷漏斗separatory funnel分液漏斗Hirsh funnel赫尔什漏斗filter flask 吸滤瓶Thiele melting point tube蒂勒熔点管plastic squeez e bottle塑料洗瓶 medicine dropper药用滴管rubber pipette bulb 吸球microspatula微型压舌板pipet吸量管mortar and pestle研体及研钵filter paper滤纸Bunsen burner煤气灯burette stand滴定管架support ring支撑环ring stand环架distilling head蒸馏头side-arm distillation flask侧臂蒸馏烧瓶air condenser空气冷凝器centrifuge tube离心管fractionating column精(分)馏管Graham condenser蛇形冷凝器crucible坩埚crucible tongs坩埚钳beaker tong烧杯钳economy extension clamp经济扩展夹extension clamp牵引夹utility clamp铁试管夹hose clamp软管夹 burette clamp pinchcock;pinch clamp弹簧夹 screw clamp 螺丝钳ring clamp 环形夹goggles护目镜stopcock活塞wire gauze铁丝网analytical balance分析天平分析化学absolute error绝对误差accuracy准确度assay化验analyte(被)分析物calibration校准constituent成分coefficient of variation变异系数confidence level置信水平detection limit检出限determination测定estimation 估算equivalent point等当点gross error总误差impurity杂质indicator指示剂interference干扰internal standard内标level of significance显著性水平 limit of quantitation定量限masking掩蔽matrix基体precision精确度primary standard原始标准物purity纯度qualitative analysis定性分析 quantitative analysis定量分析random error偶然误差reagent试剂relative error相对误差robustness耐用性sample样品relative standard deviation相对标准偏差 selectivity选择性sensitivity灵敏度specificity专属性titration滴定significant figure有效数字solubility product溶度积standard addition标准加入法standard deviation标准偏差standardization标定法stoichiometric point化学计量点systematic error系统误差有机化学acid anhydride 酸酐acyl halide 酰卤alcohol 醇aldehyde 醛aliphatic 脂肪族的alkene 烯烃alkyne炔allyl烯丙基amide氨基化合物amino acid 氨基酸aromatic compound 芳香烃化合物amine胺butyl 丁基aromatic ring芳环,苯环 branched-chain支链chain链carbonyl羰基carboxyl羧基chelate螯合chiral center手性中心conformers构象copolymer共聚物derivative 衍生物dextrorotatary右旋性的diazotization重氮化作用dichloromethane二氯甲烷ester酯ethyl乙基fatty acid脂肪酸functional group 官能团general formula 通式glycerol 甘油,丙三醇heptyl 庚基heterocyclie 杂环的hexyl 己基homolog 同系物hydrocarbon 烃,碳氢化合物hydrophilic 亲水的hydrophobic 疏水的hydroxide 烃基ketone 酮levorotatory左旋性的methyl 甲基molecular formula分子式monomer单体octyl辛基open chain开链optical activity旋光性(度)organic 有机的organic chemistry 有机化学organic compounds有机化合物pentyl戊基phenol苯酚phenyl苯基polymer 聚合物,聚合体propyl丙基ring-shaped环状结构 zwitterion兼性离子saturated compound饱和化合物side chain侧链straight chain 直链tautomer互变(异构)体structural formula结构式triglyceride甘油三酸脂unsaturated compound不饱和化合物物理化学activation energy活化能adiabat绝热线amplitude振幅collision theory碰撞理论empirical temperature假定温度enthalpy焓enthalpy of combustion燃烧焓enthalpy of fusion熔化热enthalpy of hydration水合热enthalpy of reaction反应热enthalpy o f sublimation升华热enthalpy of vaporization汽化热entropy熵first law热力学第一定律first order reaction一级反应free energy自由能Hess’s law盖斯定律Gibbs free energy offormation吉布斯生成能heat capacity热容internal energy内能isobar等压线isochore等容线isotherm等温线kinetic energy动能latent heat潜能Planck’s constant普朗克常数potential energy势能quantum量子quantum mechanics量子力学rate law速率定律specific heat比热spontaneous自发的standard enthalpy change标准焓变standard entropy of reaction标准反应熵standard molar entropy标准摩尔熵standard pressure标压state function状态函数thermal energy热能thermochemical equation热化学方程式thermodynamic equilibrium热力学平衡uncertainty principle测不准定理zero order reaction零级反应 zero point energy零点能课文词汇实验安全及记录:eye wash眼药水first-aid kit急救箱gas line输气管safety shower紧急冲淋房water faucet水龙头flow chart流程图loose leaf活页单元操作分类:heat transfer传热Liquid-liquid extraction液液萃取liquid-solid leaching过滤vapor pressure蒸气压membrane separation薄膜分离空气污染:carbon dioxide 二氧化碳carbon monoxide一氧化碳particulate matter颗粒物质photochemical smog光化烟雾primary pollutants一次污染物secondary pollutants二次污染物 stratospheric ozone depletion平流层臭氧消耗sulfur dioxide二氧化硫volcanic eruption火山爆发食品化学:amino acid氨基酸,胺amino group氨基empirical formula实验式,经验式fatty acid脂肪酸peptide bonds肽键polyphenol oxidase 多酚氧化酶salivary amylase唾液淀粉酶 steroid hormone甾类激素table sugar蔗糖triacylglycerol三酰甘油,甘油三酯食品添加剂:acesulfame-K乙酰磺胺酸钾,一种甜味剂adrenal gland肾上腺ionizing radiation致电离辐射food additives食品添加剂monosodium glutamate味精,谷氨酸一钠(味精的化学成分)natural flavors天然食用香料,天然食用调料nutrasweet天冬甜素potassium bromide 溴化钾propyl gallate没食子酸丙酯sodium chloride氯化钠sodium nitraten硝酸钠sodium nitrite亚硝酸钠trans fats反式脂肪genetic food转基因食品food poisoning 食物中毒hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP)危害分析关键控制点技术maternal and child health care妇幼保健护理national patriotic health campaign committee(NPHCC) 全国爱国卫生运动委员会rural health农村卫生管理the state food and drug administration (SFDA)国家食品药品监督管理局光谱:Astronomical Spectroscopy天文光谱学Laser Spectroscopy激光光谱学 Mass Spectrometry质谱Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy原子吸收光谱Attenuated T otal Reflectance Spectroscopy衰减全反射光谱Electron Paramagnetic Spectroscopy电子顺磁谱Electron Spectroscopy电子光谱Infrared Spectroscopy红外光谱Fourier Transform Spectrosopy傅里叶变换光谱Gamma-ray Spectroscopy伽玛射线光谱Multiplex or Frequency-Modulated Spectroscopy复用或频率调制光谱X-ray SpectroscopyX射线光谱色谱:Gas Chromatography气相色谱High Performance Liquid Chromatography高效液相色谱Thin-Layer Chromatography薄层色谱magnesium silicate gel硅酸镁凝胶retention time保留时间mobile phase流动相stationary phase固定相反应类型:agitated tank搅拌槽catalytic reactor催化反应器batch stirred tank reactor间歇搅拌反应釜continuous stirred tank 连续搅拌釜exothermic reactions放热反应pilot plant试验工厂fluidized bed Reactor流动床反应釜multiphase chemical reactions 多相化学反应packed bed reactor填充床反应器redox reaction氧化还原反应reductant-oxidant氧化还原剂acid base reaction酸碱反应additionreaction加成反应chemical equation化学方程式valence electron价电子combination reaction化合反应hybrid orbital 杂化轨道decomposition reaction分解反应substitution reaction取代(置换)反应Lesson5 Classification of Unit Operations单元操作Fluid flow流体流动它涉及的原理是确定任一流体从一个点到另一个点的流动和输送。

药物分析常用英语词汇

药物分析常用英语词汇

药物分析专业英语词汇表Aabsorbance 吸收度absorbance ratio 吸收度比值absorption 吸收absorption curve 吸收曲线absorption coefficient 吸收系数accurate value 准确值Acid—dye colormcty 酸性染料比色法acidimcty 酸量法acidity 酸度activity 活度adjusted retention time 调整保留时间absorbent 吸收剂absorption吸附alkalinity 碱度alumina 氧化铝,矾土ambient temperature 室温ammonium thiocyanate 硫氰酸铵analytical quality control 分析质量控制anhydrous substance 干燥品antioxidant 抗氧剂application of sample 点样area normalization method 面积归一法arsenic砷arsenic sport 砷斑assay 含量测定assay tolerance 含量限度attenuation 衰减acid burette 酸式滴定管alkali burette 碱式滴定管a mortar 研钵Bback extraction 反萃取band absorption 谱带吸收batch 批batch number 批号Benttendorlf method 白田道夫法between day precision 日间密度精biotransformation 生物转化blank test 空白试验boiling range 沸程British Pharmacopeia 英国药典bromate titration 溴酸盐滴定法bromine method 溴量法bromothymol blue 溴麝香酚蓝bulk drug 原料药by-product 副产物breaker 烧杯burette glass bead nozzle 滴定管brown acid burette 棕色酸式滴定管Ccalibration curve 校正曲线calomel electrode 甘汞电极calorimetry 量热分析capacity factor 容量因子capillary gas chromatography 毛细管气相色谱法carrier gas 载气characteristics description 性状chelate compound 螯合物chemical equivalent 化学当量Chinese pharmacopeia 中国药典Chinese material medicine 中成药Chinese material midical preparation 中药制剂chiral 手性的chiral carbon atom 手性碳原子chromatogram 色谱图chromatography 色谱法chromatographic column 色谱柱chromatographic condition 色谱条件clarity 澄清度coefficient of distribution 分配系数coefficient of variation 变异系数color change interval 变色范围color reaction 显色反应colormetry 比色法column efficiency 柱效column temperature 柱温comparative test 比较试验completeness of solution 溶液的澄清度conjugate 缀合物concentration—time curve 浓度时间曲线confidence interval 置信区间confidence level 置信水平controlled trial 对照试验correlation coefficient 相关系数contrast test 对照试验congealing point 凝点content unifarmity装量差异controlled trial 对照试验correlation coefficient 相关系数contrast test 对照试验counter ion 反离子cresal red 甲酚红cuvette cell 比色池cyanide氰化物casserole small 勺皿Ddead—stop titration 永定滴定法dead time 死时间deflection 偏差deflection point 拐点degassing 脱气deionized water 去离子水deliquescence 潮解depressor substances test 降压物质检查法desiccant 干燥剂detection 检查developing reagent 展开剂developing chamber 展开室deviation 偏差dextrose 右旋糖diastereoisomer 非对映异构体diazotization 重氮化differential thermal analysis 差示热分析法differential scanning calorimetry 差示扫描热法Gutzeit 古蔡day to day precision 日间精密度dissolution 溶出度direct injection 直接进样2,6—dichlorindophenol titration 2,6-二氯靛酚滴定法digestion 消化diphastic titration 双向滴定disintegration test 崩解试验dispersion 分散度dissolubility 溶解度dissolution test 溶解度检查distilling range 滴程distribution chromatography 分配色谱dose 剂量drug quality control 药品质量控制drying to constant weight 干燥至恒重duplicate test 重复试验disk method water method 压片法Eeffective constituent 有效成分effective plate number 有效板数effective of column 柱效electrophoresis 电泳elimination 消除eluate 洗脱液elution 洗脱enamtiomer 对映体end absorption 末端吸收endogenous substances 内源性物质enzyme drug 酶类药物enzyme induction 酶诱导enzyme inhibition 酶抑制epimer 差向异构体equilibrium constant 平衡常数error in volumetric analysis 容量分析误差exclusion chromatography 排阻色谱法expiration date 失效期external standard method 外标法extract 提取物extration gravimetry 提取重量法extraction titration 提取容量法extrapolated method外插法Erlenmeyer flask 锥形瓶evaporating dish small 蒸发皿elongated bulb 胖肚electronic balance MettlerAL204 MettlerAL204电子天平Ffactor 系数fehling’s reaction 斐林实验filter 过滤fineness of the particles 颗粒细度flow rate 流速fluorescent agent 荧光剂fluorescence spectrophotometry 荧光分光光度法fluorescence detection 荧光检测器fluorescence analysis 荧光分析法foreign pigment 有色杂质formulary 处方集free 游离freezing test 冻结试验fused silica 熔融石英filter paper 滤纸Ggas chromatography 气相色谱法gas-liquid chromatography 气液色谱法gas purifier 气体净化器General identification test 一般鉴别试验general notices 凡例General requirements (药典)通则good clinical practices 药品临床管理规范good laboratory practices 药品实验室管理规范good manufacturing practices(GMP) 药品生产质量管理规范good supply practices(GSP)药品供应管理规范gradient elution 梯度洗脱grating 光栅gravimetric method 重量法Gutzeit test 古蔡(检砷)法glass funnel long stem 玻璃漏斗grad cylinder 量筒glass rod 玻棒graduated pipettes 刻度吸管GC 气相色谱Hheavy metal 重金属half peak width 平峰宽heat conductivity 热导率height equivalent to a theoretical plate 理论塔板高度height of an effective plate 有效塔板高度high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)高效液相色谱法high—performance thin—layer chromatography (HPTLC)高效薄层色谱法hydrate 水合物hydrolysis 水解hydrophilicity 亲水性hydrophobicity 疏水性hydroxyl value 羟值hyperchromic effect 浓色效应hypochromic effect 淡色效应HHS—type constant temperature water bath HHS型恒温水锅HPLC 高效液相色谱法Iidentification 鉴别ignition to constant weight 灼烧至恒重immobile phase 固定相immunoassay 免疫测定impurity 杂质inactivation 失活index 索引indicator electrode 指示电极indicator 指示剂inhibitor 抑制剂injecting septum 进样隔膜胶垫instrumental analysis 仪器分析injection value 进样阀insulin assay 胰岛素生物检测法integrator 积分仪intercept 截距interface 接口internal standard substance 内标物质International unit 国际单位in vitro 体外in vivo 体内iodide 碘化物iodoform reation 碘仿反应iodometry 碘量法ion pair chromatography 离子对色谱ion suppression 离子抑制ion suppression 离子抑制ionic strength 离子强度ion—pairing agent 离子对试剂ionization 电离isoabsorptive point 等吸收点isocratic elution 等溶剂组成洗脱isoelectric point 等电点isoosmotic solution 等渗溶液irreversible indicator 不可逆指示剂irreversible potential 不可逆电位KKarl Fischer titration 卡尔-费舍尔滴定Kjeldahl method for nitrogen 凯氏定氮法Kober reagent 科伯试剂Kovats retention index 科瓦茨保留指数Llabelled amount 标示量leading peak 前延峰leveling effect 均化效应licensed pharmacist 执业药师limit control 限量控制limit of detection 检测限limit of quantitation 定量限limit test 杂质限度试验loss on drying 干燥失重low pressure gradient pump 氧压梯度泵linearity and range 线性及范围linearity scanning 线性扫描luminescence 发光litmus paper 石蕊试纸lyophilization 冷冻干燥Mmain constituent 主成分make-up gas 尾吹气maltol reaction 麦芽酚试验Marquis test 马奎斯试验mass analyzer detector 质量分析检测器mass spectrometric analysis 质谱分析mass spectrum 质谱图mean deviation 平均偏差melting point 熔点melting range 熔距metabolite 代谢物metastable ion 亚稳离子micellar chromatography 胶束色谱法microanalysis 微量分析microcrystal 微晶microdialysis 微透析migration time 迁移时间Millipore filtration 微孔过滤mobile phase 流动相molecular formula 分子式monitor 检测monochromator 单色器monographs 正文Nnatural product 天然产物Nessler's reagent 碱性碘化汞试液neutralization 中和nitrogen content 总氮量nonaqueous acid—base titration 非水酸碱滴定nonprescription drug ,over the counter drugs 非处方药nonspecific impurity 一般杂质non-volatile matter 不挥发物normal phase 正相normalization 归一化法Nessler color comparison tube 纳氏比色管Onotice 凡例octadecyl silane bonded silicagel 十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶odorless 辛基硅烷odorless 无臭official name 法定名official test 法定试验on—column detector 柱上检测器on-column injection 柱头进样on the dried basis 按干燥品计opalescence 乳浊optical activity 光学活性optical isomerism 旋光异构optical purity 光学纯度organic volatile impurities 有机挥发性杂质orthogonal test 正交试验orthophenanthroline 邻二氮菲outlier 可疑数据overtones 倍频封oxidation-reduction titration 氧化还原滴定oxygen flask combustion 氧瓶燃烧Ppacked column 填充柱packing material 色谱柱填料palladium ion colorimetry 钯离子比色法parent ion 母离子particulate matter 不溶性微粒partition coefficient 分配系数pattern recognition(ppm)百万分之几peak symmetry 峰不对称性peak valley 峰谷peak width at half height 半峰宽percent transmittance 透光百分率pH indicator absorbance ratio method pH指示剂吸光度比值法pharmaceutical analysis 药物分析pharmacopeia 药典pharmacy 药学photometer 光度计polarimetry 旋光测定法polarity 极性polydextran gel 葡聚糖凝胶potentiometer 电位计potentiometric titration 电位滴定法precipitation form 沉淀形式precision 精密度preparation 制剂prescription drug 处方药pretreatment 预处理primary standard 基准物质principal component analysis 主成分分析prototype drug 原型药物purification 纯化purity 纯度pyrogen 热原pycnometer method 比重瓶法plastic wash bottle 洗瓶platform balance 天平pipette 移液管pyknowmeter flasks 容量瓶Qquality control 质量控制quality evaluation 质量评价quality standard 质量标准quantitative determination 定量测定quantitative analysis 定量分析quasi-molecular ion 准分子离子Rracemization 消旋化random sampling 随机抽样rational use of drug 合理用药readily carbonizable substance 易炭化物质reagent sprayer 试剂喷雾剂recovery 回收率reference electrode 参比电极related substance 相关物质relative density 相对密度relative intensity 相对强度repeatability 重复性replicate determination 平行测定reproducibility 重现性residual basic hydrolysis method 剩余碱水解法residual liquid junction potential 残余液接电位residual titration 剩余滴定residuce on ignition 炽灼残渣resolution 分辨率response time 响应时间retention 保留reversed phase chromatography 反相色谱法reverse osmosis 反渗透rinse 淋洗robustness 可靠性round 修约reagent bottles 试剂瓶round bottom flask 圆底烧瓶rubber suction bulb 洗耳球Ssafety 安全性Sakaguchi test 坂口试验salt bridge 盐桥salting out 盐析sample applicator 点样器sample application 点样sampling 取样saponification value 皂化值saturated calomel electrode 饱和甘汞电极selectivity 选择性significant difference 显著性水平significant testing 显著性检验silica get 硅胶silver chloride electrode 氯化银电极similarity 相似性sodium dodecylsulfate 十二基酸钠solid-phase extraction 固相萃取solubility 溶解度specific absorbance 吸收系数specification 规格specificity 专属性specific rotation 比旋度specific weight 比重spiked 加入标准的split injection 分流进样spray reagent 显色剂stability 稳定性standard color solution 标准比色液standard deviation 标准差standardization 标定standard substance 标准品statistical error 统计误差sterility test 无菌试验stock solution 储备液stoichiometric point 化学计量点storage 贮藏stray light 杂散光substrate 底物substituent 取代基sulfate 硫酸盐sulphated ash 硫酸盐灰分support 载体suspension 旋浊度swelling degree 膨胀度symmetry factor 对称因子systematic error 系统误差separating funnel 分液漏斗stopcock 玻璃活塞scissors 剪刀spirit lamp 酒精灯silica gel G thin layer 硅胶G薄层板Ttable 片剂tailing factor 拖尾因子tailing peak 拖尾峰test solution 试液thermal analysis 热分析法thermal conductivity detector 热导检测器thermogravimetric analysis 热重分析法The United States Pharmacopoeia 美国药典The Pharmacopoeia of Japan 日本药局方thin layer chromatography 薄层色谱thiochrome reaction 硫色素反应thymol 百里酚thymolphthalein 百里酚酞titer 滴定度three—dimensional chromatogram 三维色谱图titrant 滴定剂titration error 滴定误差titrimetric analysis 滴定分析法tolerance 容许限total ash 总灰分total quality control 全面质量控制traditional drugs 传统药traditional Chinese medicine 中药turbidance 浑浊turbidimetric assay 浊度测定法turbidimetry 比浊度turbidity 浊度Uultracentrifugation 超速离心ultraviolet irradiation 紫外线照射undue toxicity 异常毒性uniform design 均匀设计uniformity of dosage units 含量均匀度uniformity of volume 装量均匀性uniformity of weight 重量均匀性Vvalidity 可靠性variance 方差viscosity 粘度volatile oil determination apparatus 挥发油测定器volatilization 挥发性volumetric analysis 容量分析volumetric solution 滴定液volumetric flasks 比重瓶Wwave length 波长wave number 波数weighing bottle 称量瓶weighing form 称量形式well-closed container 密闭容器white board 白瓷板Xxylene cyanol blue FF 二甲苯蓝FF xylenol orange 二甲酚橙ZZigzag scanning 锯齿扫描zwitterions 两性离子Zymolysis 酶解作用zone electrophoresis 区带电泳。

实验室器材英文翻译

实验室器材英文翻译

实验室常用英语-化学生物类1. 2。

来美国学习遇到了一个很郁闷的事:走进实验室跟别人交流非常困难,自己做实验也是磕磕碰碰。

一个很大的原因就是一些实验仪器或是药品的名称不知道怎么说,以前学英文从来没有学这些内容.郁闷之余,我在网上搜集了一些相关仪器和药品的中英对照,与大家一起学习分享,希望对学化学生物类的朋友有些帮助。

由于药品种类繁多,各人使用相关也很大,以下仅列仪器部分.容器类:量杯measuring cup烧杯beaker 不锈钢杯stainless-steel beaker量筒measuring flask/measuring cylinder 量筒graduated flask/measuring cylinder坩埚crucible 坩埚钳crucible clamp 坩埚crucible pot, melting pot试管test tube 试管架test tube holder漏斗funnel 分液漏斗separatory funnel烧瓶flask 锥形瓶conical flask塞子stopper洗瓶plastic wash bottle滴定管burette玻璃活塞stopcock冷凝器condenser试剂瓶reagent bottles玻棒glass rod 搅拌棒stirring rod蒸馏烧瓶distilling flask碘量瓶iodine flask表面皿watch glass蒸发皿evaporating dish容量瓶volumetric flask/measuring flask移液管(one—mark)pipette刻度移液管graduated pipettes称量瓶weighing bottle吸液管pipette滤管filter天平balance/scale分析天平analytical balance台秤platform balance游码crossbeams and sliding weights酒精灯alcohol burner酒精喷灯blast alcohol burner搅拌装置stirring device洗耳球rubber suction bulb研磨钵mortar 研磨棒pestle 玛瑙研钵agate mortar瓷器porcelain白细口瓶flint glass solution bottle with stopper滴瓶dropping bottle 小滴管dropper蒸馏装置distilling apparatus蒸发器evaporator试验用器材:升降台lab jack铁架台iron support万能夹extension clamp蝴蝶夹double-buret clamp双顶丝clamp regular holder止水夹flatjaw pinchcock圆形漏斗架cast—iron ring移液管架pipet rack试管架tube rack沸石boiling stone橡胶管rubber tubing药匙lab spoon镊子forceps坩埚钳crucible tong剪刀scissor打孔器stopper borer石棉网asbestos-free wire gauze电炉丝wire coil for heater脱脂棉absorbent cottonphph试纸universal ph indicator paper滤纸filter paper称量纸weighing paper擦镜纸wiper for lens秒表stopwatch量杯glass graduates with scale白滴定管(酸)flint glass burette with glass stopcock棕色滴定管(酸)brown glass burette with glass stopcock 白滴定管(碱)flint glass burette for alkali棕色滴定管(碱)brown glass burette for alkali比重瓶specific gravity bottle水银温度计mercury—filled thermometerph计ph meter折光仪refractometer真空泵vacuum pump冷、热浴bath离心机centrifuge口罩respirator防毒面具respirator、gasmask磁力搅拌器magnetic stirrer电动搅拌器power basic stirrer烘箱oven闪点仪flash point tester马弗炉furnace电炉heater微波炉电热套heating mantleBunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵化学反应:analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate,to oxidize 脱氧,氧化to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion,melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的仪器中英文对照Aging Property Tester 老化性能测定仪Amino Acid Analyzer 氨基酸组成分析仪Analyzer for Clinic Medicine Concentration 临床药物浓度仪Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy 原子吸收光谱仪Atomic Emission Spectrometer 原子发射光谱仪Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy 原子荧光光谱仪Automatic Titrator 自动滴定仪Basic Physics 基本物理量测定Biochemical Analyzer 生化分析仪Biochemicalanalysis 生物技术分析Bio-reactor 生物反应器Blood—gas Analyzer 血气分析仪Centrifuge 离心机ChemiluminescenceApparatus 化学发光仪CHN Analysis 环境成分分析仪CO2 Incubators CO2培养箱Combustion PropertyTester 燃烧性能测定仪Conductivity Meter 电导仪Constant Temperature Circulator 恒温循环泵Direct Current Plasma Emission Spectrometer 直流等离子体发射光谱仪DNA Sequencers DNA测序仪DNA synthesizer DNA合成仪Electrical Property Tester 电性能测定仪Electro Microscopy 电子显微镜Electrolytic Analyzer 电解质分析仪Electron Energy Disperse Spectroscopy 电子能谱仪Electron Paramagnetic ResonanceSpectrometer 电子顺磁共振波谱仪Electrophoresis 电泳Electrophoresis System 电泳仪ELIASA 酶标仪Energy Disperse Spectroscopy 能谱仪Fermenter 发酵罐Flow Analytical and Process AnalyticalChemistry 流动分析与过程分析Fraction Collector 部分收集器FreezeDrying Equipment 冻干机FT—IR Spectrometer 傅里叶变换红外光谱仪FT-Raman Spectrometer 傅里叶变换拉曼光谱仪Gas Analysis 气体分析Gas Chromatograph 气相色谱仪GC-MS 气相色谱-质谱联用仪Gel PermeationChromatograph 凝胶渗透色谱仪HighPressure/Performance Liquid Chromatography 高压/效液相色谱仪Hybridization Oven 分子杂交仪ICP-MS ICP—质谱联用仪Inductive Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer 电感偶合等离子体发射光谱仪Instrument for Nondestructive Testing 无损检测仪Instrument for Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR仪Inverted Microscope 倒置显微镜Ion Chromatograph 离子色谱仪Isotope X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer 同位素X荧光光谱仪LC—MS 液相色谱-质谱联用仪Mass Spectrometer 质谱仪Mechanical Property Tester 机械性能测定仪Metal/material elemental analysis 金属/材料元素分析仪Metallurgical Microscopy 金相显微镜Microwave Inductive Plasma Emission Spectrometer 微波等离子体光谱仪Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer 核磁共振波谱仪Optical Microscopy 光学显微镜Optical PropertyTester 光学性能测定仪Other/Miscellaneous 其他Particle Size Analyzer 粒度分析仪PCR Amplifier PCR仪Peptide synthesizer 多肽合成仪pH Meter pH计PhysicalProperty Analysis 物性分析Polarograph 极谱仪Protein Sequencer 氨基酸测序仪Rheometer 流变仪Sample Handling 样品处理Scanning Probe Microscopy FG|8oU 扫描探针显微镜Sensors 传感器Sequencers and Synthesizers for DNA and Protein DNA及蛋白质的测序和合成仪Shaker 摇床Size Exclusion Chromatograph 体积排阻色谱Surface Science 表面科学SurfaceAnalyzer 表面分析仪Thermal Analyzer 热分析仪Thermal Physical Property Tester 热物理性能测定仪Ultrahigh Purity Filter 超滤器Ultra-low Temperature Freezer 超低温冰箱Ultrasonic Cell Disruptor 超声破碎仪Ultraviolet Detector 紫外检测仪UltravioletLamp 紫外观察灯Urine Analyzer 尿液分析仪UV-Visible Spectrophotometer 紫外—可见光分光光度计Viscometer 粘度计Voltammerter 伏安仪Water Test Kits 水质分析仪X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer X射线荧光光谱仪X—RayDiffractomer X射线衍射仪。

读后感文章怎么写 Reflection Paper 英语作文

读后感文章怎么写 Reflection Paper 英语作文

读后感式的文章怎样写How to write a ReflectionPaperIn this article, I will discuss with you “How to write reflection paper”.I’m writing this article because I got a huge number of mail and suggestions from student to write on this topic, one of the students said: “I want to do my assignment on own, please write an article that will help me”. So on your request, I’m going to tell you everything about a reflection paper.Reflection PaperIn this section, I will tell you the definition of a reflection paper. “W hat is a reflection paper?” –This is the main question you have to answer while composing a reflection paper.Since there are different kinds of reflection papers, it is quite obvious that a student gets confused with the characteristics. Now, let us try to answer what is a reflection paper and what are the particular highlights and qualities in a reflection paper.A reflection paper is a systematic piece of academic writing, that includes student’s thoughts, something like a book, motion picture, person, event, and many more. An author mustdiscuss something in a story format in his reflection paper.Most students commit mistakes while composing a reflection paper. They usually get confused and compare such work with a persuasive paper. A persuasive paper is a totally different type of writing, each with its very own purpose.The writer isn’t expected to explain to the reader that his perspective is reality. The author’s task is to reflect his own belief. In any case, this doesn’t mean that the reader can h ave his own point of view on a similar subject.Reflection paper comprises of 2 sections:Description –As a writer, your reflection paper reflects all the facts that we find while watching a movie or reading any book (everything will go in a story form at that will attract the reader’s attention.Self-Opinion –Assessment of individual experience. You need to give your own opinion or thoughts.Types of Reflection PaperNow, I will discuss the types of Reflection Paper. The kind of reflection paper you are prided with will decide the real process of writing a reflection paper.Educational –You will give your response to a lecture, film, or book that you see or write in your academics, teachers give this to students to know what students have learned so far.Professional – This is a technique for examining your professional behavior, especially among social workers and teachers.Personal –This is a procedure to investigate your feelings and thoughts on an individual subject.“Do you know that education al reflection papers are the most well-known and used!”Let us now discuss how to write a reflection paper.How to write Reflective Paper?In a reflection paper, you will express what you think and ideas about specific facts, things, thoughts, events. This is commonly known as a self-reflection paper. This type of paper has decent writing and basic reasoning skills.To ease things for you, I will discuss a short example with you. You might have seen numerous movies within this couple of years. Do you have the desire to share your beliefs about it? In a case that you like doing it, the most ideal route is to compose a reflective paper to tell your loved ones concerning your feelings and that film.This type of reflection is not restricted to movies only; You can show your emotions in detail regarding the movie, the occasion, an individual or even your preferred travels. So what makes a good reflection paper?Reflection paper guidelinesWhile writing a reflective paper, write point to point. Never go for the passive voice or long sentences. Though it is a subjective paper, you must write crisp and expressive or else it will become hard to understand what you are trying to say.Gather all the thoughts and ideas together. Think about all the main themes of discussion. Themes will act like key points that need to bediscussed. Now once you gather the thoughts, try to do a bit of self-monitoring. Ask yourself why such ideas came to your mind. For instance, some previous visual or auditory memory may trigger your reaction when you see similar things again.Come up with various questions. You are writing about your own experiences and perspective. Therefore, you should focus on questions that are coming in your mind. For example, if you are writing on a book, talk about its themes and characters. Relate yourself to it and express your own opinion on it. You can discuss cultural issues or societal evils. You can find some good topics on reflection paper here.Keep the correct structure. Essays and reflection papers follow the same structure. That is theyhave an introduction, body, and conclusion. Write your expectations in the beginning. In the introduction, part mention what you are thinking about the topic and what are your expectations for it. Also, remember to write an appropriate thesis statement for your paper. You need to choose the right vocabulary. Know your audience and then use the words that can be understood easily. In the body, you should focus on key points and write a paragraph on every key point.These are the guidelines to compose a flawless piece of reflective writing. However, students who are still unsure about reflective writing skills can take paper help service online to get done with the reflective paper assignment.A good reflective paperSome of the qualities of a perfect reflection paper are:A well-written reflection paper reflects your point of view and investigation about any event you’ve seen, a film you’ve seen, a book you’ve read, or even an individual you’ve seen.A perfect reflection paper demonstrates your knowledge of work, with a change in any of your thoughts with possibilities of getting used later on.You can also utilize reflective questions to produce a few thoughts and feelings related to your encounters.With a decent reflection paper, you can also attract the entire community.Tips for writing a reflection paper or essayYou as a writer should apply some descriptive techniques to your content. Simply write your considerations or ideas that reflect a clear message. Your content should tell your thoughts clearly. Your readers must be able to understand what you are trying to say.Keep in mind that your paper has to be in a story style. But is it is a scholarly paper, then you should keep it formal as it is possible.The structure of your essay must be really conventional. Think about composition an introduction, principal body passage, end. This is the most ideal approach to begin in a case that you have to figure out how to compose a reflection paper.As a writer, you should not forget that it is important to use your own understanding. Get a few facts and other general stuff ready to reflect your thoughts.Composing a reflecting paper is all about personal understanding. Even though the experience must fit in the subject and it should be exclusive. As a writer, you should not try to push your whole experience into an essay. Simply get the right and most significant events to reflect your subject.You should not attempt to compose the whole paper at once. You have your own mind map to make everything look excellent. Simply follow it and your principle direction.Your paper must not be a free-flow analysis. All ideas must be exceptionally organized and clear.Now I will tell you the format for writing a reflection paper.Format for writing a reflective paperIn a case that you don’t know about the format of a reflection paper, don’t worry, you can search for Assignment Writing Service which can guide you. I will tell you in this article about the format of reflection paper and you will be able to understand the format of a reflection paper. You should follow this format of reflection paper which I’m going to tell you. In most of the cases, academic instructors usually recommend the utilization of drafting of the Modern Language Association (MLA) format.Why they prefer this? This is on the fact that the MLA style of drafting permits secondary school students with the least complex configuration that can assist them with presenting themselves casually.Following is the format of MLA:The 1-inch margin for the borders should be there at the top, sides, and bottom.8 ½” by 11 is the recommended size of the page with white color.Most of the teachers ask their students to apply double spaces paras.Times New Roman or Ariel is the recommended font.12 points are the recommended size of the font.A general reflective paper is around 300 to 500 words in length.Things to include in Reflection Paper1. Topic and Subject selectionThe topic and subject commonly incorporate a book, fiction film, talk, etc. that a classroom environment considers. Students are also provided with a different task of writing a reflection paper. This task can be writing on their own experiences in connection with the subject. The chosen topic can be considered as the structure of your reflection essay.2. Outline development and Brainstorming sessionTaking notes and concentrating, can keep your ideas in control and make your writing effective. You can begin by writing a couple of sentences identified with your topic. You can follow them as points of note-taking to build up your remaining article. Even though, as a major aspect of brainstorming, it is important to remember to express your feeling. You can compose a good reflection paper after having a brainstorming session.3. Organization of Reflection PaperTypically a reflection paper is written in 300-700 words. Before writing a reflection paper, take some time and think of the ideas that weregenerated in your mind while doing a brainstorming session. This will help in organizing your reflection paper. Organizing your reflection paper is very important, as without this, you will not be able to write the main body.4. Implement some reflection questionQuestion-related to the matter of your subject should be included. This will help you in deciding the topic and subject of your essay. You can ask various questions to your readers that will attract them to further read your article to get the solution.5. Start with your strong introductionThe introduction is very important while composing your reflection paper. While writing the introduction you should be exact about your point in a few lines that will clearly express your conclusion. A reader will read your article only if your introduction is very attractive.6. Concentrating on the Thesis SentenceAfter a solid introduction, you have to build a thesis sentence in the basic section that explains your expectations, opinions, and thoughts regarding the topic. The thesis gives focus and harmony on your reflective paper.7. Interpretation of the idea in the bodyWhile writing a reflection paper’s body, you need to clarify the thesis. You should describe yourwhole story with this section. You must include evidence to support your thesis.8. Closing CommentsThis is the conclusion of your reflection paper. Depending on your thoughts and expectations, you will need to summarize the concluding remarks based on your ideas and feelings in about two to three sentences.How to compose a reflection paper on a book?It is important to realize how to write a reflective essay on a book –each potential writer or analyst should know this. As a articleger would profit by having this information since a lot of individuals choose whether to read a book orwatch a film depending on reviews from top articlegers.When you get the chance to write a reflection paper on a book. Try to remain true with it. Never copy the content from different websites. It will never be a successful option. You will be caught by the examiner or professor. Now have a look at how to write a reflection paper for a book on your own.Start your reflection paper on a book by mentioning the author. Provide a brief description of the author. Tell more about his other work and proposed theories.Provide a summary of the book on which you are writing your reflection paper. Talk about the important parts of that book.Focus on the issues discussed in the book by the writer. Take up a few issues and write about them in a brief manner. You can also provide your own impressions about the issues and possible solutions for them.There are many allusions used in a book. Explain them one by one. There is no need to explain it all. Just talk about those that are related to the topic on which you are writing a reflection paper.React to reading, share your impressions.These are the points you need to remember before you start writing the reflection paper on a book. Remember one thing, a reflection paper is a reflection of your thoughts, experiences, perspective related to the book. Therefore, read the book thoroughly. Do not miss any point ornever state those things which you have not read in it.●Points to remember●Title of the book●Writer’s information in brief●Summary of the plot●Analysis of the main character●Reder’s reactionHow to write an article reflection paper on an articleJust like the book, reflection paper on an article is to provide an opinion or criticism of that article. You might have read various articles over the internet or in the new magazines. Often you maylike an article or feel different opinions on any subject. In such situations, you may write a reflective paper expressing your opinions and views regarding the article. Here you need not write about the article topic, rather talk about the things mentioned in the article and whether you are supporting them or disapproving them. Follow these steps to make a riveting reflection paper for yourself.While composing an article reflection, one must be opinionated and give reactions to the article or reading material.In the reflection paper present your feelings. What have you felt while reading the article? Was it an overwhelming piece of writing? Did it generate any emotions in you?Give personal experience related to the topic. For instance, you are reading an article on fire in the woods, your reminiscence of a similar event can be shared in the reflection paper.Never do a summary of the article in the reflection paper. It should be critical and dogmatic.It should be well organized and tone should be a formal one.The conclusion should provide your learnings through that article.You can provide improvements as well while writing the conclusion.One can provide a different conclusion to the article. You can come up with an analysis of the article which never happened in the past.Where to get a free reflection paper example and get help?When you read this guide, you will see how to compose a reflective paper. Obviously, an elegantly written guide is useful however nobody would deny that having a refective paper example is more useful. As per a famous saying, it is smarter to see once than listen a thousand times. This is the reason we offer you a look at a quality example, with the goal that you have a superior understanding of how to compose an important part of the reflective paper.We would suggest downloading our freereflection paper example. Keep it before your eyes and use it as a layout but maintain a distance from copying the whole sentence or the ideas of another creator, as it will be captured in plagiarism and you may get fail in your examination.。

西方文明史reaction paper之Ovid2

西方文明史reaction paper之Ovid2

Actually, I can’t grasp the meaning of these two poems written by Ovid. I keep wondering why the Greek and Roman mythologies are all about love affairs, some of which seem absurd and nasty nowadays.In the story Venus and Adonis, many young man risked death in order to marry Atalanta because she was extremely beautiful. I suddenly think of a piece of recent news that said the CEO of Jingdong Mall which is an online shopping website admitted his love relationship with a girl who is much younger than him. He said that he liked her because she was the kindest girl he’d ever met. But many people commented that anyone could be kind but not everyone could be as beautiful as her. It’s a little ironic.It seems that men always put women’s appearance in the first place when they choose their girlfriend or wife. And this view of value can date back into very early time. It’s not very excessive to say that many men feed on good appearances and sex. It’s not fair to women, no matter she is beautiful or not. Men seem to regard beautiful women with their trophy. In this way, women are like objects. I wonder in the story whether Hippomenes really loved Atalanta. I think he was just bewildered by her beauty and just wanted to conquer and own her.I have to admit, I don’t quite like these stories.。

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Sample of A Reaction paperOf all of the common assumptions that we discussed in class, I think one of the most common is the idea that a children’s text should in some way teach the reader something. We of course talked about the term didactic, and how a didactic book strongly pushes a lesson onto the reader, telling them that they should believe this or that. Many times a reason for that lesson isn’t even given, as though the young person reading the book should just accept that lesson because they are told to, because the other knows better. As I was reading Cat in the Hat by Dr. Seuss, the book I selected for the assignment, I was hoping that it wouldn’t be as didactic as most other children’s books, and that it would be as playful and exciting as I remember as a child. On the last two pages of the book, however, the absent mother returns home, the cat has disappeared, the children are behaving nicely, sitting in chairs, and it is pretty obvious that even though they got into mischief they are still good children after all. Nothing really has changed at the end of the book. Although all sorts of things got played with, and the children broke the rules I am sure they know about (like, “Don’t fly kites in the house”), major boundaries were never crossed.We talked about how the opposite of a didactic book might be an ambiguous book, or a book that encourages the reader to think about issues, to make decisions for themselves. In that kind of book, the author usually wants to the reader to think for her or himself, to understand that some things are difficult, even for adults. The author may present a problem and ask you what you think, or might just never come around to saying exactly what you are supposed to believe. The last page of Cat in the Hat ends with the n arrator saying, referring to the mother, “Should we tell her about it? / Now what SHOULD we do? / Well . . . / What would YOU do / If your mother asked you?” (61). In some ways, this is probably a pretty ambiguous ending. The author asks the reader that if your mother left, if someone wanted you to do what you weren’t supposed to, if you did it anyway, and if you didn’t get caught, then would you tell your mother or father what happened? Most adults wouldn’t tell what happened themselves, but the question is there anyway, and it seems to be really asking children what they believe.But it doesn’t seem really that ambiguous. If the book were really ambiguous it would be breaking the Typical Case Prototype of children’s books, and in almost every other way the book keeps to those prototypes. As Nodelman describes it, children’s books are typically bright, colorful, funny, entertaining, and maybe sometimes rhyming. Children’s books portray children as the way adults typically think of them, as crazy kids who aren’t serious like adults, or innocent angels who would never really do any harm when they play. Dr. Suess portrays typical kids, bored by the rain, wanting to do something wild. Although Seuss’s style is strange, the children even look like the sort of standard white children that appear in most books, the girl in a dress and ribbon in her hair. We saw in class how these children are a lot like the standard one’s in Cassie’s history textbook And although strange things happen in the book – a talking cat, a couple of strange Things, a lot of things getting thrown around –it is the kind of play we come to expect in children’s lives, especially in the sorts of standard things shown on television and in movies.In fact, the children never quite seem to trust the Cat, and they always just sort of watch him play. The children never really do anything that crazy themselves. The Fish, who sounds a lot like an adult, is always there to warn them, and in the end everything gets cleaned up. Of course the book is fun and playful, and is obviously one of the most famous and liked picture books ever made, but it is still pretty straightforward. Cat in the Hat reinforces and demonstrates almost all of the typical assumptions about childhood, and it fulfills all of the typical case prototypes of children’s books. Examining it made me think about how the book might have changed in recent years, especially since children are rarely bored when they are at home any more (with all of the stuff they own to play with). But more than that, it made me think about why we expect all children’s books to be like this, why it is always considered one of the best books for children. Although I like typical children’s books, it makes me also interested in books that don’t do what we expect. The book was written 1957, and in so many ways children’s books have become so incredibly different since then. But in a lot of other ways, some good, some bad, they haven’t changed at all.。

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