moral dilemma
高中英语寒假作业阅读培优小卷：北京专用04 阅读培优小卷 (原卷版)
高一英语寒假作业阅读培优小卷北京专用04第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A（2022春·北京·高一人大附中）The day will come when renewable energy such as wind, solar, geothermal and others replace fossil fuels as the major source of world energy. However, most analysts insist that this day will not arrive for many decades to come—certainly well past the middle of the century. Systems of fossil fuels have already been firmly set up, and it is too costly or impractical to replace the existing systems with renewables. But there are good reasons to believe that the transition(转变) to renewables will come much faster than previously thought.It is hardly surprising that many experts say we will see a relatively slow transition from fossil fuels to renewables, given what is known about previous energy changes of this sort. “Energy transitions take a long time,” observed Vaclav Smil of the University of Manitoba. It took more than 50 years for coal to replace wood as the world’s leading source of energy and another 50 years for oil to replace coal; the change from fossil fuels to renewables, he argued, is not likely to come any faster.Under ordinary circumstances, Smil’s forecast would no doubt prove accurate. But these are not ordinary times. Growing concern over climate change is leading to increasingly strict controls on CO2 and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions(排放),while the development in renewables technology is lowering their price and speeding their installation(安装).There are, of course, many difficulties in the effective control of carbon emissions, as demonstrated by coal companies to block the introduction of new rules by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Nevertheless, it is impossible to take no notice of the progress being made at the local and international levels to promote the use of renewables. The European Union (E.U.), for example, is well on the way to achieving a 20% reduction in GHG emissions from 1990 levels by 2025, along with a 20%increase in the use of renewable energy.The transition to renewables will be faster due to dramatic US improvements in the pricing and performance of such systems. As a result of the steady increases in the efficiency of wind and solar systems, together with the savings achieved through large—scale manufacture, the price of renewables is falling globally. With prices dropping this fast, solar energy is now proving competitive with fossil fuels for generating electricity in many areas.The change from fossil fuels to renewable energy will not come overnight, and it will not escape many setbacks. Nevertheless, renewables are likely to replace fossil fuels as the main source of electrical power well before mid—century.1．Vaclav Smil believes that ________.A．renewable energies are not very practicalB．the change to renewables will come slowlyC．systems of fossil fuels have been firmly set upD．there are many setbacks of renewable energies2．We can learn from the passage that European Union ________.A．has cut down half of the carbon emissionsB．has failed to find a way to reduce GHG emissionsC．is trying its best to encourage the use of renewablesD．tries to stop the introduction of new rules on renewables3．The renewables are more competitive because of ________.A．their falling prices B．the decline in the coal industryC．international trade D．the new rules on CO2 emission4．According to the passage, ________.A．Smil’s forecast has proved to be inaccurate in all situationsB．Renewable energy serves as a major source of energy in today’s worldC．Companies supported the rules made by US Environmental Protection AgencyD．There has been a steady improvement in the efficiency of wind and solar systems5．The author writes this passage in order to ________.A．call on people to use fewer fossil fuelsB．give advice on how to promote renewablesC．argue that the energy transition will come soonerD．prove that renewables will be the major source of energyB（2022春·北京·高一北师大实验中学）A character in one of Shakespeare’s plays once said, “Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them.” Any of these could apply to the modern-day sportsmen. Many still argue about the nature of talent. Some claim that people are born to be sportsmen, while others say it is only through devotion and hard work that they achieve their abilities. Arguably though, it is not until their talents are acknowledged (认可) by the public that they truly have greatness fallen upon them.With this acknowledgement of their “greatness” come all the trappings of modern-day celebrity: money, power, influence and responsibility. For better or for worse, like it or hate it, modern sportsmen are the role models of children everywhere. These children will grow up admiring their heroes, devoting their lives to copying their every move, and wanting above all to be like them. Due to this fascination, particularly with the massive influence of the media, it is more important than ever for these sportsmen to acknowledge their responsibility.In the past few months alone, there have been many examples of questionable behaviors from sports stars ofthe present day. They are often mirroring the very worst aspects of society, a fact that the self-righteous (自以为是的) anger of the modern press has been quick to point out. It would be wrong for us to expect sportsmen to be perfect. It would also be wrong for us to think that their behavior is markedly different from the sportsmen they grew up watching, but with the all-seeing eye of modern media it is a different world, and different standards must be expected.Of course, there is no duty for sportsmen to be good role models. There are no prison sentences, no fines, no community service—unless their behaviors are illegal. Unless they break the law, it is entirely up to them as to whether or not they think their behavior is appropriate. Furthermore, measuring the true influence their decisions have on their followers is absolutely impossible. Some will rise against their idols, seeing them in a new light and criticizing their actions. Others may copy their heroes’ actions, using them as a shield when accused of the same crimes.It is without doubt that the actions of sportsmen will influence the lives of those who worship them. Modern day sportsmen are almost ideals of today’s world, and their actions are watched carefully by millions over the world. Some may complain against it, denying their influence on these children’s lives. Others may be aware of it but not respect it, while many may both be aware of it and respect it. In a word, you do not choose whether you are a role model. All you can do is to decide how to act when greatness is thrust upon you.6．In Paragraph 1, the author tries to emphasize ______.A．sportsmen become great when their gifts are recognized by peopleB．sportsmen achieve greatness through their devotion and effortsC．different ways for sportsmen to achieve success and greatnessD．the core characteristic to become great sportsmen nowadays7．According to Paragraph 4, we can learn that ______.A．role models usually have positive influence on their fansB．sportsmen have the right to behave freely within the lawC．all the fans will follow their heroes’ actionsD．no duty is given to sportsmen8．The underlined phrase thrust upon in paragraph 1 most probably means ______.A．put off B．removed from C．related to D．forced on9．What is the main purpose of the passage?A．To advise the media to choose proper events to report.B．To inform the public that sportsmen are no role models.C．To remind the sportsmen of their social responsibilities.D．To argue that sportsmen should not be expected as heroes.C（2023春·北京·高一北京市第五中学）Like many other people who speak more than one language, I often have the sense that I’m a slightly different person in each of my languages—more confident in English, more relaxed in French, more emotional in Czech. Is it possible that, along with these differences, my moral compass (指南针) also points in somewhat different directions depending on the language I’m using at the time?Psychologists who study moral judgments have become very interested in this question. The findings of several recent studies suggest that when people are faced with moral dilemmas (困境), they do indeed respond differently when considering them in a foreign language than when using their native tongue.In a 2014 paper led by Albert Costa, volunteers were presented with a moral dilemma known as the “trolley problem”: imagine that a runaway trolley is moving quickly toward a group of five people standing on the tracks, unable to move. You are next to a switch that can move the trolley to a different set of tracks, therefore sparing the five people, but resulting in the death of one who is standing on the side tracks. Do you pull the switch?Most people agree that they would. But what if the only way to stop the trolley is by pushing a large stranger off a footbridge into its path? People tend to be very hesitant to say they would do this, even though in both situations, one person is sacrificed to save five. But Costa and his colleagues found that presenting the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as a foreign tongue dramatically increased their stated willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge, from fewer than 20% of respondents working in their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one.Why does it matter whether we judge morality in our native language or a foreign one? According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and competing ways of thinking—one of these, a quick, natural “feeling,” and the other, careful deliberation about the greatest good for the greatest number. When we use a foreign language, we unconsciously sink into the more careful way simply because the effort of operating in our non-native language signals our cognitive (认知的) system to prepare for difficult activity.An alternative explanation is that differences arise between native and foreign tongues because our childhood languages are filled with greater emotions than are those learned in more academic settings. As a result, moral judgments made in a foreign language are less filled with the emotional reactions that surface when we use a language learned in childhood.There’s strong evidence that memory connects a language with the experiences and interactions through which that language was learned. For example, people who are bilingual (双语的) are more likely to recall an experience if reminded in the language in which that event occurred. Our childhood languages, learned in the middle of passionate emotion, become filled with deep feeling. By comparison, languages acquired late in life, especially if they are learned through limited interactions in the classroom or dully delivered over computer screens and headphones, enter our minds lacking the emotionality that is present for their native speakers.10．What does “this question” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A．What contributes to one’s language improvements?B．Is it necessary to learn more than one foreign language?C．Does the language one uses influence one’s moral judgments?D．How do people deal with moral dilemmas in a foreign language?11．When the “trolley problem” was presented in a foreign language, volunteers were more likely to ______. A．care less about the five peopleB．pull the switch to the side tracksC．remain hesitant about what to doD．sacrifice the stranger on the footbridge12．The underlined word in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ______.A．consideration B．guidanceC．selection D．arrangement13．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?A．Bilingual people are less emotional than others.B．Native language learning involves greater emotions.C．Childhood memories limit foreign language learning.D．Academic settings promote foreign language learning.D（2022春·北京顺义·高一牛栏山一中）For 18 years after her retirement, Deng Xiaolan volunteered to teach music in a village in Fuping county, Hebei province. Her inspirational teaching and the enthusiasm and talent of her pupils made the 44 children from Malan village sing the Olympic anthem (颂歌) in Greek at the opening ceremony of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics on Feb, which were one of the highlights of the night.Deng’s involvement with the rural children can be dated back to her parents. Her father Deng Tuo was the publisher of Jinchaji Daily, a newspaper which was based in Malan village in Fuping county, Hebei province, from 1939 to 1948. During the Japanese aggression (侵略), 19 Malan locals were killed for refusing to divulge information about the newspaper. Under the influence of her parents, who both had a passion for music, she learned the violin and singing when she was young. She joined the school band after entering Tsinghua University, and also taught her workmates to play the violin after graduation.In 2003, when Deng Xiaolan returned to the village to remember the persons who were killed by Japanese invaders, a group of local children also attended the ceremony. She wanted to sing a song together with the children in commemoration (纪念仪式), but none of the children knew the well-known songs she named.“If the children couldn’t sing, then they wouldn’t know how to appreciate music. Life would be so colorless if it doesn’t have music,” Deng said. “My parents lived and fought here when they were young, and they wanted the locals to live a happy life. So I thought if I had the chance, I must teach them to sing.”Deng began to travel between Beijing and the village since 2004 to teach the children music. She collected instruments and also rebuilt the school houses by raising funds and using her own money. As the children had no background in music, she had to teach them basic music knowledge.Two years later, she formed the Malan Band. Among more than 200 students taught by Deng, many left themountainous village to receive university education, some of whom are studying art at university or have entered a career in art education.14．What contributed to the 44 children sing at the opening ceremony?A．They have a good command of Greek.B．The Winter Olympics Committee chose them.C．Deng’s inspirational deeds and talent of her pupils.D．Deng Xiaolan taught them and helped them sign up.15．What can we know about Deng’s life in paragraph 2?A．She was a publisher of Jinchaji Daily.B．She majored in music in Tsinghua University.C．Her father was killed during Japanese aggression.D．Her parents played an important role in her love of music.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
两难故事
两难故事美国的教育心理学家科尔伯格(Lawrence Kohlberg，1927~1987)系统地扩展了皮亚杰的理论和方法，并创立了不断完善的科学研究手段，他和他的同事经过20多年的实证研究(即从20世纪50年代中期到80年代)，提出了人类品德发展的顺序原则及数百种特征。
由此发现：道德思维能力是内在于个体身上，并随着个体的成熟而发展。
这就从根本上改变了认为品德仅仅是社会进行道德灌输结果的传统观点。
品德具有个体的主体特征，个体的思想道德品质是个体主动地与环境互动的结果。
这一发现对于思想品德的研究具有十分重要的意义。
它的意义不仅在于揭示了思想品德有自身独特的运动规律，而且表明社会道德与个体道德不是简单合一的或同一的，而是对立统一的。
这反映了人们对品德认识的方法论上的转变。
科尔伯格把皮亚杰的研究方法改进为道德两难故事法，他所设计的故事中包含着一个在道德价值上具有矛盾冲突的故事，让被试听完故事后对故事中人物的行为进行评价，他还设计了相当完备的评价标准体系，以此来测评被试道德发展的水平。
科尔伯格使用的一系列两难推理故事中，最典型的是"海因兹偷药"的故事：欧洲有个妇人患了癌症，生命垂危。
医生认为只有一种药能救她，就是本城一个药剂师最近发明的镭。
制造这种药要花很多钱，药剂师索价还要高过成本十倍。
他花了200元制造镭，而这点药他竟索价2000元。
病妇的丈夫海因兹到处向熟人借钱，一共才借得1000元，只够药费的一半。
海因兹不得已，只好告诉药剂师，他的妻子快要死了，请求药剂师便宜一点卖给他，或者允许他赊欠。
但药剂师说："不成，我发明此药就是为了赚钱。
"海因兹走投无路竟撬开商店的门，为妻子偷来了药。
讲完这个故事，主试就向被试提出了一系列的问题：这个丈夫应该这样做吗?为什么应该?为什么不应该?法官该不该判他的刑?为什么?等等。
儿童对科尔伯格所编制的两难故事中的问题既可做肯定回答，又可做否定回答。
ethical dilemma英语解释
在社会和职场中，道德困境是一种常见的情况，它指的是一个人需要在几种不同的行动选择中做出决定，但每种选择都涉及到道德或伦理方面的考量。
面对道德困境时，人们常常感到左右为难，因为每个选择都伴随着其自身的利弊和后果。
道德困境可能出现在医疗、法律、商业、教育和政府等领域，因此了解和处理道德困境对于个人和组织来说都非常重要。
对于道德困境的理解和处理，首先要考虑到每种行为选择所涉及的道德原则和价值观。
在医疗领域，医生可能面临着是否遵守病人隐私、如何平衡公平分配资源、是否披露全部治疗选项等道德问题。
在商业领域，企业家可能需要在经济利益和社会责任之间做出选择。
道德困境还可能出现在个人生活中，例如在亲情、友情和爱情中做出的选择都会牵扯到道德层面的考量。
在处理道德困境时，我们需要根据具体情况和自身的价值观进行深入思考和权衡。
有时，我们需要权衡短期利益和长期利益，有时需要权衡个人利益和集体利益，或是权衡事实和道德原则。
在做出决定之前，如果可能的话，我们也可以寻求他人的意见或是沟通专业的道德顾问，以获得更全面和客观的信息和建议。
个人对道德困境的理解和处理方式可能会随着时间和经历而有所改变。
在处理道德困境时，个人的成长和修养也很重要，因为这会影响到我们对道德问题的认知和处理方式。
面对道德困境时，理解和尊重他人的价值观和权利是非常重要的，同时也需要坚持自己的道德原则，做出符合良知和伦理的决定。
道德困境并不是一种简单的问题，它常常需要我们在充分理解和权衡的基础上，做出艰难的决定。
但正是通过处理这些困难和挑战，我们才能够更加深入地理解和坚守自己的道德信仰，成长为更加成熟和有责任感的个体。
当我们面临道德困境时，我们应该从容面对，并以积极的态度和正确的价值观去解决和处理。
总结而言，道德困境在生活和工作中是不可避免的，对于个人和组织来说都是一个重要的挑战和机遇。
通过理解和处理道德困境，我们可以不断成长和提升，同时也可以维护自己的伦理信仰和社会责任。
Moral dilemma
You are an emergency worker that has just been called to the scene of an accident. When you arrive you see that the car belongs to your wife. Fearing the worst you rush over to see.She is trapped in her car with another man. She sees you and although barely conscious, she manages to mouth the words “I’m sorry”… You don’t understand, but her look answers you question. The man next to her is her lover . But your wife is seriously hurt and she needs attention straight away. Even if she gets attention there’s a very high chance she’ll die. You look at the seat next to her and see her lover. He’s bleeding heavily from a wound to the neck and you need to stem the flow of blood immediately. It will only take about 5 minutes to stop, but it will mean your wife will definitely die. If you tend to your wife however, the man will bleed to death.
谈论道德困境的高一英语作文100词
谈论道德困境的高一英语作文100词全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Moral Dilemmas Are No Piece of CakeMoral dilemmas are super tough! They're like having two yummy cakes in front of you, but you can only pick one. Except with moral dilemmas, there's no obvious right answer like there is with cake (obviously you go for the chocolate!).Instead, you've got two choices that both seem kinda right and kinda wrong at the same time. It's enough to make your head spin! Like, what if you saw a friend cheating on a test? The right thing is probably to tell the teacher, but then your friend could get in huge trouble and you'd be a snitch. Ugh, what a pickle.Or let's say you found a wallet stuffed with cash just lying on the ground. You could try to find the owner, but what if they don't claim it? Is it finders keepers then or is keeping it stealing? These dilemmas make me want to pull my hair out!I guess the big challenge is that there's usually no perfect answer. With the cheating situation, ratting out your friend feels wrong, but cheating is also wrong. With the wallet, returning it is more ethical, but keeping it isn't necessarily evil if you try to find the owner first. There's hardly ever a choice that's 100% right or wrong.Instead, you've got to weigh competing principles and consequences. With cheating, you're balancing loyalty to your friend against academic integrity. With the wallet, you're balancing keeping what you find against respecting others' property. It's a delicate balance trying to make the most ethical choice.Not only that, but our gut instincts can really mess with us too. Maybe you want to keep that wallet money to buy the latest video games. Or maybe you have a grudge against the friend who was cheating, so turning them in feels pretty satisfying. We're not always motivated by ethics alone.The way I see it, dealing with moral dilemmas is kind of a life skill. They're inevitably going to keep happening, so we'd better get plenty of practice working through them. My parents are always posing dilemmas to me at the dinner table to work out my moral reasoning skills. Like, would I take a billion dollars if itmeant having to give up video games forever? (The answer is obviously no, but you get my point!)I think the key is to step back and carefully examine the different ethical principles at play. Like with cheating, you've got honesty, fairness, and respect for rules on one side, and loyalty, kindness, and forgiveness on the other. With the wallet, its principles like accountability, hard work, and respecting property rights versus charity, finders keepers rules, and practical considerations. You've got to weigh each side's reasoning against the other.It's also important to think through the short versuslong-term consequences. Turning in a friend for cheating could hurt your friendship majorly that day, but help reinforce ethics over time. Keeping the wallet cash would be awesome instantly but could make you feel guilty forever.When I'm really stuck, I try to look at it through different ethical lenses too. Like, what would a philosophy like Kantian ethics focused on rules and duties or utilitarianism focused on maximizing good consequences say to do? Using different frameworks can provide unique insights.At the end of the day though, there's often no perfect choice in a real moral dilemma. You've just got to go with your bestjudgment. And hey, agonizing over these dilemmas just means you're a good person trying to do the right thing, which is awesome. Even though it can drive me crazy sometimes, I'd way rather have a overdeveloped moral compass than none at all!So keep studying and practicing working through those ethical knots. The more you do, the easier it'll become to navigate those difficult shades of gray. Just don't beat yourself up too much if you make mistakes—we're all still works in progress here! Now if you'll excuse me, I've got to head to the kitchen to embark on an epic moral journey: to eat, or not to eat, the last chocolate chip cookie...篇2Moral Dilemmas Are Really Hard!Hi everyone! Today I want to talk about something called "moral dilemmas." They are super tricky situations where you have to make a tough choice about what's right or wrong. It's not always easy to know what to do!Let me give you an example. Let's say you're at the park playing with your friends. You see a kid from your class being mean to another kid, calling them names and pushing them around. That's bullying, which is really bad. You know you shoulddo something to stop it, but what if the bully is bigger than you? Or what if they are your friend and you're scared they'll get mad at you? That's a moral dilemma!On one hand, you know bullying is wrong and you should stand up for the kid getting picked on. It's the right thing to do to be kind and protect people from getting hurt. But on the other hand, you might be worried about getting hurt yourself or losing your friend if you get involved. Both choices have pros and cons.Another example is if you're at the store with your mom and you see a kid slip a candy bar into their pocket without paying. The right thing is probably to tell a grown-up so the kid doesn't steal. But what if you know that kid's family doesn't have a lot of money? Taking the candy is still stealing which is wrong, but maybe they really need it and can't afford to buy it. Now you have to decide whether telling on them is "more right" than letting them have the food they need. Tough choice!Those are just a couple simple moral dilemmas kids might face. But there are lots of others that even adults struggle with sometimes. Like, is it okay to kill someone if it's the only way to save a bunch of other people's lives? Or if a company is going to go out of business, is it okay for them to lie about how muchmoney they're making so people don't panic and quit their jobs? Or if someone is really sick and in a lot of pain, is it right to help them end their life if that's what they want? So many hard decisions!I don't have all the answers, but I do know it's really important to think about moral dilemmas carefully. We have to weigh all the different factors, think about who could get hurt, and go with the choice that does the most good and least harm in the end. It's not always easy to figure that out though.Something that can help is talking it over with people you trust - parents, teachers, friends, etc. They might be able to point out things you hadn't thought of. It's also good to learn about ethics, which is all about figuring out what's right and wrong. Different philosophers have different ideas on how to make moral choices.At the end of the day though, a lot comes down to listening to your conscience - that little voice inside that tells you what you truly think is best, even if it's the hard choice. As kids, the moral dilemmas we face probably aren't life-or-death. But it's still good practice for when we're older and the stakes are higher. Every choice we make affects others, so we need to try our best to do the right thing.I hope thinking about these examples has helped you understand moral dilemmas a bit better. Just remember - if you're ever stuck in a hard situation, don't be afraid to ask for help. Having other people's perspectives can make it easier to see what's really right. And if you make a mistake, don't beat yourself up! Every day is a new chance篇3Moral Dilemmas? No Biggie, or Is It?Hey guys, it's me again, just your average high school freshman trying to figure out life. Today I want to talk about something that's been on my mind a lot lately - moral dilemmas. You know, those tricky situations where you have to make a tough choice and there's no clear right or wrong answer? Yeah, those can be real brain-teasers!Let me give you an example. Say you're hanging out with your friends and one of them steals something from a store. Do you tell on them or keep your mouth shut? On one hand, stealing is wrong and they shouldn't have done it. But on the other hand, they're your friend and you don't want to betray them or get them in trouble. It's a total dilemma!Or what about this one - you're taking a test and you see someone cheating. Do you mind your own business or report them? Again, cheating is against the rules, but snitching on someone could make you look like a tattletale. Plus, what if the person is normally a good student and just had a momentary lapse in judgement? These kinds of situations can really make your head spin.I think one of the toughest moral dilemmas is deciding whether to lie or tell the truth. We're always told that honesty is the best policy, but sometimes telling the truth could really hurt someone's feelings or get you into major trouble. Like if your mom makes an awful meal and asks if you like it, do you lie to spare her feelings or be brutally honest? Not an easy call!Another classic dilemma - you find a ton of cash on the ground. Do you keep it or try to find the rightful owner? Keeping it would be stealing, but who knows if you'll ever find the owner. Plus, finders keepers? Just kidding...or am I?Moral dilemmas don't just happen in real life though. They pop up in books, movies, TV shows - you name it. A lot of great stories are built around tough ethical choices the characters have to make. It really makes you think about what you would do in their situation.Personally, I try to approach moral dilemmas by looking at them from multiple angles and thinking about who could be hurt or helped by my actions. I also rely a lot on my gut instinct and moral compass. But I'm certainly not perfect and I've made decisions I've regretted before. It's all a learning process!At the end of the day, I don't think there are any perfect solutions to moral dilemmas. It's just about doing your best to make the most ethical choice you can in that moment, even if it's really difficult. We're all human and we're all going to mess up sometimes. The important thing is to keep growing and learning.So yeah, moral dilemmas can be super confusing and stressful. But isn't that what being a teenager is all about? Trying to figure out the tough stuff while your hormones are raging and your brain is still developing? Just don't stress too much about always making the 100% right choice. Cut yourself some slack and keep on keeping on!Alright, that's enough deep philosophy from me for one day. I'm out of here! Catch you guys later for some more intellectual stimulation...or maybe I'll just share some memes instead. You never know with me!篇4Moral Dilemmas: Navigating the Shades of GrayAs a freshman in high school, I've discovered that life isn't just black and white - there are lots of shades of gray when it comes to making tough choices. Moral dilemmas, situations where there's no clear right or wrong answer, can really make your head spin!Take this situation for example. You're at the mall with your friends and one of them shoplifts something small, like a pack of gum or a candy bar. They get caught by the security guard and you have to decide - do you lie and say you didn't see anything to protect your friend? Or do you tell the truth, even though it could get them in serious trouble?On one hand, lying is wrong. We're taught from a young age that honesty is the best policy. But your friend is counting on you and ratting them out could damage your friendship big time. Plus, it was just a little thing they took, no big deal right? But then again, if everybody had that mindset of "it's no big deal" then stores would go out of business from constant shoplifting. It's a tricky situation for sure.Or what about this one - you're studying for a huge test that could affect your entire future. Your best friend's dad is good friends with the teacher and managed to get a copy of the testahead of time. Your friend offers to share the questions and answers with you. Cheating is clearly wrong, but getting a good grade could open up so many opportunities for you down the road. Do you accept and cheat, or do you refuse and take your chances on test day?These are just a couple examples of moral dilemmas teens face, but they come up all the time in day-to-day life too. Like if you're walking down the street and see someone drop a 20 bill. Do you keep it for yourself or try to track down the person who dropped it? Or if a cashier mistakenly gives you too much change back, do you pocket the extra or point it out?From my perspective, I think a lot of it comes down to looking at the bigger picture and potential consequences. With the shoplifting situation, lying might seem harmless enough since it was just a small thing that was taken. But engaging in any dishonest behavior could start you down a slippery slope. If you're willing to lie about small stuff, it gets easier to lie about bigger things too.With the cheating scenario, sure getting answers in advance could help you get a good grade. But is it really an accurate reflection of what you've learned and your abilities? If you get into a great college or job based on cheating, you may struggleonce you're there because you didn't actually earn and learn the material. Not to mention the guilt of cheating could weigh heavy.When I find myself facing a moral dilemma, I always try to think about which choice I could live with and be proud of down the road. I ask myself - in 5 or 10 years, which decision will I regret the least? I also think about how I would feel if the roles were reversed - if I was the store owner who got ripped off or the teacher whose test got leaked, how would I want people to act? Putting myself in the other person's shoes helps me see past my own immediate wants and consider the bigger ethical implications.At the end of the day, I don't think there are always clear cut "right" answers when it comes to moral dilemmas, especially complicated real-life situations. But I do believe that striving to be honest, having integrity, and considering other people's perspectives are good guideposts. Making ethical choices won't always be easy or convenient in the moment, but it's the best way to be able live with yourself and feel good about the reflections you see in the mirror.Moral dilemmas are unavoidable in life and they'll only get stickier as I get older. But grappling with them and developing astrong moral compass and decision-making skills now will only help me better navigate the shades of gray to come. One thing's for sure - high school certainly is proving way more philosophically complicated than I ever could have imagined!篇5Moral Dilemmas: Navigating the Tough ChoicesHey there, friends! Today, I want to talk to you about something that's been on my mind a lot lately – moral dilemmas. You know, those tricky situations where you're not quite sure what the right thing to do is? Yeah, those can be realhead-scratchers!First, let me give you an example of a moral dilemma. Let's say you're out with your friends, and one of them suggests shoplifting from a store. You know it's wrong to steal, but you also don't want to be seen as a goody-two-shoes or a snitch. What do you do? Do you go along with your friends, even though you know it's wrong? Or do you stand your ground and risk being made fun of or excluded from the group?Tough choice, right? That's what a moral dilemma is all about – having to choose between two or more options, none of which seem perfectly right or perfectly wrong.Now, you might be thinking, "But why can't we just always do the right thing?" Well, my friends, that's easier said than done. Sometimes, the "right" thing isn't so clear-cut. And even when it is, doing the right thing can come with consequences that make it really hard to follow through.Take another example: let's say you're walking down the street, and you see someone drop a wallet. The right thing to do would be to return the wallet to its owner, right? But what if the wallet is stuffed with cash – like, a lot of cash? Suddenly, the temptation to keep it for yourself becomes a lot stronger. That's a moral dilemma right there – do you do the right thing and return the wallet, or do you give in to temptation and keep the money for yourself?Tough call, huh?And that's just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to moral dilemmas. There are so many different situations where it's not always clear what the "right" choice is, or where doing the right thing might come with some serious drawbacks.So, what do we do? How do we navigate these tricky waters?Well, my friends, there's no easy answer. But here are a few things to keep in mind:Try to think about the consequences of your actions. Sure, keeping that wallet full of cash might seem tempting in the moment, but what if you get caught? What if the person who lost it really needs that money? Think about how your actions might affect others, not just yourself.Consider your values and principles. What's important to you? What kind of person do you want to be? Sticking to your values and principles can help guide you through tough moral dilemmas.Don't be afraid to seek advice. Talk to your parents, teachers, or other trusted adults about the situation you're facing. They might be able to offer a fresh perspective or some words of wisdom.Remember that sometimes, there is no perfect solution. Moral dilemmas are tricky precisely because there might not be a clear-cut "right" answer. In those cases, you might just have to do your best and live with the consequences.At the end of the day, my friends, navigating moral dilemmas is all about being honest with yourself, thinking critically about the situation, and trying to make the best decision you can based on your values and principles.It's not always easy, but that's part of growing up and becoming a responsible, ethical person. And trust me, even us grown-ups still struggle with moral dilemmas from time to time.So, the next time you find yourself in a sticky situation where you're not sure what the right thing to do is, don't panic. Take a deep breath, think it through, and do your best to make a decision you can feel good about.And remember, you're not alone in facing these kinds of challenges. We're all in this together, navigating the ups and downs of life and trying to make the best choices we can.Moral dilemmas might be tough, but they're also an opportunity to grow and to figure out who you want to be in this crazy world of ours.So, keep your head up, stay true to yourself, and don't be afraid to ask for help when you need it. Together, we'll get through this!篇6Moral Dilemmas: Navigating the Tough ChoicesHey there! I'm a high schooler, and let me tell you, life can get pretty complicated sometimes, especially when it comes tomaking tough choices. You know, the kind of choices where there's no clear right or wrong answer, and you're left feeling like you're stuck between a rock and a hard place? Yeah, those are what we call moral dilemmas, and boy, do they keep me up at night!Let me give you an example. Imagine you're hanging out with your friends, and one of them suggests sneaking into a movie without paying. Now, on the one hand, you know it's wrong to steal, and you could get in big trouble if you get caught. But on the other hand, you really want to see that movie, and your friend is trying to make it sound like no big deal. What do you do?That's just one of the many moral dilemmas us high schoolers face on a regular basis. It's like we're constantly being pulled in different directions, trying to figure out the "right" thing to do. And let me tell you, it's not easy!Sometimes, the moral dilemma might be about whether or not to lie to a friend to spare their feelings. Or maybe it's about whether to cheat on a test because everyone else seems to be doing it. Or perhaps it's about whether to confront a bully or just turn a blind eye.The thing is, there's rarely a clear-cut answer to these kinds of situations. Sure, we're taught from a young age that lying, cheating, and bullying are wrong. But in the heat of the moment, when emotions are running high and peer pressure is weighing heavily on our shoulders, it's not always so simple.That's why I think it's important to really think things through and consider the potential consequences of our actions. It's not just about following a set of rules or doing what everyone else is doing. It's about developing our own moral compass and learning to trust our gut instincts.But you know what? That's all part of growing up and figuring out who we are as individuals. Every time we're faced with a moral dilemma, it's an opportunity to learn and grow, to challenge our beliefs and values, and to become more thoughtful, ethical human beings.So, the next time you find yourself in a sticky situation, don't be too hard on yourself. Take a deep breath, think it through, and do your best to make a choice that aligns with your values and principles. And remember, even if you don't get it "right" every time, the important thing is that you're trying and learning from your experiences.At the end of the day, that's what it means to navigate the world of moral dilemmas – it's a constant journey ofself-discovery, growth, and striving to do what we believe is right, even when it's not easy.。
moral delimma例子(一)
moral delimma例子(一)Moral DilemmaMoral dilemma refers to a situation where an individual is faced with two or more moral principles that are inconflict with one another. In such a situation, there is no clear answer or solution - any decision that is made will entail some level of moral compromise. Here are some examples of moral dilemmas:Example 1: The Trolley ProblemThe trolley problem is a classic example of a moral dilemma. It goes like this:A trolley is hurtling down a track and will hit and kill five people who are tied to the track. You are standing next to a lever that would divert the trolley onto another track, which only has one person tied to it. Do you pull the lever, sacrificing one life to save five?In this scenario, there are two moral principles at play: the principle of utility (i.e. saving as many lives as possible) and the principle of respecting individual rights(i.e. not sacrificing a life without consent). No matter what decision is made, it will involve a moral compromise. Example 2: The Heinz DilemmaThe Heinz dilemma is another classic example of a moral dilemma. It goes like this:A woman is dying of cancer and needs a drug that costs $10,000 to save her life. The drug maker is charging $10,000 for the drug, but Heinz (the woman’s husband) can onlyafford to pay $2,000. Should he steal the drug to save his wife’s life?In this scenario, there are two moral principles at play: the principle of respecting the law (i.e. not stealing) and the principle of utility (i.e. saving a life). Once again, any decision that is made will involve a moral compromise. Example 3: The Lying PatientIn this scenario, a patient has asked the doctor not to disclose a diagnosis of terminal illness to their family. The doctor is torn between respecting the patient’s autonomy and duty to disclose the diagnosis to the family.In this scenario, there are two moral principles at play: the principle of respecting the patient’s autonomy(i.e. the patient’s right to control the information about their illness) and the principle of beneficence (i.e. the doctor’s obligation to promote the well-being of the patient and their family). The doctor must decide whether to respect the patient’s wishes and keep the diagnosis confidential, or to disclose the diagnosis to the family in order to promote their well-being.Example 4: The Animal ExperimentIn this scenario, a scientist is conducting an experiment on animals in order to develop a potentially life-saving drug. The experiment involves causing pain and suffering to the animals, even though the end result may save many human lives.In this scenario, there are two moral principles at play: the principle of respecting the well-being of animals(i.e. not causing unnecessary pain and suffering) and the principle of promoting the well-being of humans(i.e. developing a life-saving drug). The scientist must decide whether to continue the experiment and risk causing harm to the animals, or to abandon the experiment and risknot developing a life-saving drug.ConclusionMoral dilemmas are complex situations that challenge our moral principles and require us to make difficult decisions. By understanding different examples of moral dilemmas and the principles at play, we can better navigate these situations and make decisions that are consistent with our own moral values.Example 5: The Insider TradingIn this scenario, a stockbroker has information about an upcoming merger that will significantly increase the value of a company’s stock. The stockbroker is torn between usingthis information to make a profit for themselves and their clients, and the ethical dilemma of using insider information to trade stocks.In this scenario, there are two moral principles at play: the principle of honesty and transparency (i.e. not using insider information to trade stocks) and the principle ofself-interest (i.e. making a profit for oneself and one’s clients). The stockbroker must decide whether to use the insider information to make a profit or to act with integrity and not use the information.Example 6: The End of Life CareIn this scenario, a patient is on life support and has no chance of recovery. The family is torn between ending life support and letting the patient pass away peacefully, and keeping the patient alive with the hope that they may recover.In this scenario, there are two moral principles at play: the principle of respecting the patient’s autonomy(i.e. the patient’s right to make decisions about their end of life care) and the principle of beneficence (i.e. the family’s obligation to promote the well-being of the patient). The family must decide whether to respect the patient’s wishes and end life support or to continue life support and hope for a recovery.Example 7: The Sweatshop WorkersIn this scenario, a company is using sweatshop labor in a third-world country to produce its products at a cheaper cost. The company is torn between the ethical dilemma of exploiting workers and the economic benefits of using cheaper labor.In this scenario, there are two moral principles at play: the principle of respecting workers’ rights and humandignity (i.e. not exploiting workers for profit) and the principle of economic benefits (i.e. reducing productioncosts and increasing profit). The company must decide whether to continue using sweatshop labor or to pay workers a fair wage and respect their rights.ConclusionMoral dilemmas arise in everyday life and require us to make difficult decisions that involve moral compromise. By understanding different examples of moral dilemmas and the principles at play, we can develop a framework for making ethical decisions that align with our own values and beliefs. Ultimately, the key to resolving a moral dilemma is to actwith integrity, honesty, and respect for all parties involved.。
Moral Dilemmas 英文道德困境课件
Group role-play
In groups of two, three or four will do a 5minute role play on a topic we’ve discussed so far in class:
Interview questions will be based on your roleplay.
Any questions???
Moral Dilemmas
Define these words with your partner
Morality Dilemma Ethics Compromise Justify Denial
How do you justify your answer?
Story 3
You are competing with another student for a scholarship to Harvard University graduate program. You both really want the scholarship and can’t go to Harvard without it.
The dilemma
You find out that your best friend’s husband/wife is cheating (having sex with someone else).
You tell your friend’s spouse that you will tell on him/her about his/her cheating.
Denial of Responsibility: “Everyone does it. If I don’t, I’m left in the dust. Good guys finish last.”
高中英语Unit2Period1ListeningandSpeaking课件新人教版必修第三册
Period One Listening and Speaking
课前自主预习
序号 重点词汇 音标 1 moral /'mɒrəl/ 2 virtue /'vɜːtʃuː/
¤重点单词
词性 英译汉词义Fra bibliotek汉译英
adj.
道德的；道义上的
n．
品行；道德；寓意
课堂新知讲练
◇词汇拓讲 1．moral adj.道德的；道义上的 n．品行；道德；寓意 Paraphrase: concerned with principles of right and wrong behaviour; standards or principles of good behaviour (P14)What moral dilemma is the boy in the picture facing? 【翻译】照片中的男孩面临着什么道德困境？
15．过马路 ___c_r_o_ss__th_e__ro_a_d___ 16．帮助他做功课 ___h_el_p_h_i_m__w_i_t_h_h_i_s_s_c_h_o_o_lw__o_rk_____
¤重点句式
1．A moral dilemma is a situation in ________ you have two or more difficult choices to make.(介词＋关系代词)
He is eager for/about success in the coming exam. 他渴望在即将到来的考试中取得成功。 Thirsty for knowledge, he spends most of his spare time in the library. 他渴望知识，所以大部分业余时间都花在图书馆里。 I’m dying to know what happened.Could you tell me some details? 我很想知道发生了什么。你能告诉我一些细节吗？
新人教高中英语必修三 Unit 2 Listening and Speaking
Lead-in
What qualities should a good team member have?
hope giving
friendship
kindness
generosity responsibility
Listening and Speaking When you listen, you should pay attention not to only the words but also HOW the speaker is talking.
If people strongly disagree with something, they might exaggerate[igˈzædʒəreit] their intonation[ˌintəuˈneiʃən]. If you hear people speaking very quickly or loudly, they may be excited or angry. If they speak slowly or stop often, they may be confused or not sure about what they are saying.
Listening and Speaking
Listen again and decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. Jane is eager to share the magazine article with Luke. T
2. What was the girl’s name? What was she famous for?
人教版高中英语必修三第二单元词汇分类汇总
Unit 2 Morals and Virtues名词Noun1. virtue高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质e.g.: Can you list some virtues that are admired in every culture?2. dilemma进退两难的境地；困境e.g.: A moral dilemma is a situation in which you have two or more difficult choices to make.3. moral dilemma道德困境4. marriage结婚；婚姻e.g.: At age 18, instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls, she chose to study medicine.5. majority大部分；大多数e.g.: The majority of people interviewed prefer TV to radio.6. tuition（小组）教学；讲课e.g.: Your parents will have to cover your tuition fees.7. fee专业服务费；报酬e.g.: Does the bank charge a fee for setting up the account?8. tuition fees学费9. response反应；回答；回复e.g.: What was the response from most of the people?10. union协会；联合会；工会e.g.: I’ve joined the union.11. scholarship奖学金e.g.: Eight years later, Lin graduated from Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) with the Wenhai Scholarship, the highest prize given to a graduate.12. physician医师；（尤指）内科医生e.g.: Within six months, she was named a chief resident physician, a position that usually took four years to achieve.13. resident physician住院医师14. colleague同事；同僚e.g.: She greatly impressed her American colleagues, who invited her to stay.15. rejection拒绝接受；否决e.g.: Constant rejections made him feel worthless.16. clinic诊所；门诊部e.g.: Thinking of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic.17. election选举；推选；当选e.g.: The prime minister is about to call an election.18. decade十年；十年期e.g.: The number of people employed in agriculture has fallen in the last decade.19 staff员工；全体职员e.g.: “The OB-GYN department cares for two lives,” she told new staff in her department.20. saving节省物；节省；节约；[pl.] 储蓄金；存款e.g.: Since she had no children of her own, she left her savings to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors.21. kindergarten学前班；幼儿园e.g.: She’s in kindergarten now.22. principle道德原则；法则；原则e.g.: What was the main principle guiding Dr Lin through the choices in her life?23. insurance保险；保险业e.g.: You can make a claim on your insurance policy.24. accident事故；车祸；失事e.g.: Hearing that his wife had been injured in an accident, Mr Johnson hurried to the hospital.25. operation手术；企业；经营e.g.: During the operation, she sat in the waiting room for over an hour worrying about him.26. midnight子夜；午夜e.g.: He suddenly woke up at midnight when he heard someone knocking at his door.27. pole（行星的）极；地极e.g.: Returning from the North Pole, the traveller wrote a book about his experience and had it published the following year.28. lap（坐着时的）大腿部；（跑道等的）一圈e.g.: The child lay on her mother’s lap, smiling sweetly.29. lip嘴唇e.g.: The assistant pursed her lips.30. chairman主席；主持人；董事长e.g.: The chairman of the company presented the annual report.31. memory记忆力；回忆e.g.: I had a bad memory for names.32. chain一连串（人或事）；链子；链条e.g.: I’m sure you’ve heard the famous country music song “Chain of Love”.33. café咖啡馆；小餐馆e.g.: When the lady stops at a café, she notices her waitress is pregnant and tired.34. waitress（餐馆的）女服务员；女侍者e.g.: The lady walks out, leaving the change and a note for the waitress.35. maple枫树；槭树e.g.: It’s made of maple.36. cart手推车；运货马车e.g.: The first person down the street was a milkman with his cart.37. tear眼泪；泪水e.g.: A tear rolled down his face.38. might力量；威力e.g.: I pushed the rock with all my might.39. fable寓言；寓言故事e.g.: What do you think this fable is trying to tell us?40. court（网球等的）球场；法院；法庭e.g.: Seeing the tennis star leaving the court, the girl quickly picked up her camera and ran over him.41. income收入；收益e.g.: According to a recent survey, the majority of doctors believed their incomes did not match how hard they worked.42. tension紧张关系；紧张；焦虑e.g.: In response to a question about tensions between doctors and patients, some respondents complain that misleading media reports about doctors have greatly harmed society, causing the public to distrust medical workers.动词Verb1. illustrate vt.（举例）说明；阐明；给（书或文章）加插图e.g.: What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning Dr Lin’s life choices?2. entrust委托；交付e.g.: If they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust?3. complain抱怨；发牢骚e.g.: He mother complained, thinking of the high tuition fees.4. respond回答；回复/ 做出反应；回应e.g.: She responded, “I’d rather stay single to study all my life!”5. reject拒绝接受；不录用e.g.: Dr Lin, however, rejected the offer.6. appoint任命；委派e.g.: In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital, but just a few months later, the department was closed because of war.7. elect选举；推选e.g.: In 1954, she was elected to the first National People’s Congress and, over the next several decades, she held many positions.8. tend照顾；照料/ 倾向；趋于e.g.: She was more interested in tending patients, publishing medical research on care for women and children, and training the next generation of doctors.9. publish发表（作品）；出版e.g.: The first edition was published in 2002.10. retire退休；退职；退出e.g.: Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died, 22 April 1983.11. scare惊吓；使害怕/ 受惊吓e.g.: It scared me to think I was alone in the building.12. replace接替；取代；更换e.g.: The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect someone to replace the secretary.13. assist帮助；援助e.g.: Despite the difficult situation, Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people.14. spill (split/spilled, split/spilled)（使）洒出；（使）溢出e.g.: Water had spilled out of the bucket onto the floor.15. limp跛行；一瘸一拐地走e.g.: She had twisted her ankle and was limping.形容词Adjective1. precious珍稀的；宝贵的e.g.: To a person nothing is more precious than their life.2. faraway遥远的e.g.: At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.3. passive被动的；顺从的e.g.: Many students have shown that shy, passive children tend to be socially rejected by their classmates.4. scared害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的e.g.: She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions.5. sharp（增长、下跌等）急剧的；锋利的；明显的e.g.: Many Americans complain about the sharp increase in the cost of health care and health insurance recently.6. energetic精力充沛的；充满活力的e.g.: One of the advantages of hiring energetic and positive young people is that they tend to show interest in their work and they are eager to learn.7. pregnant怀孕的；妊娠的e.g.: I was pregnant with our third child at the time.8. flexible灵活的；可变通的e.g.: When asked about their work schedules, many people preferred more flexible work hours.副词Adverb1. elsewhere在别处；去别处e.g.: Her hear, however, was elsewhere.2. therefore因此；所以e.g.: The researchers conducting the survey concluded that if hospitals and clinics serving the general public received more support, it would help to keep their medical staff from leaving the profession, and therefore the public would continue to receive good health services.介词Preposition1. per每；每一e.g.: A staff working in a large public hospital often has to see 100 patients per day.兼类词Words with Multiple Part of Speech1. moral adj.道德的；道义上的n.品行；道德；寓意e.g.: It’s when you have two choices, and you have to choose one, but for moral reasons, sometimes it could be really difficult to decide.2. faint vi. 昏倒；晕厥adj.不清楚的；微弱的e.g.: During the exam, the student next to her fainted.3. hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用n.租借；租用e.g.: She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.4. whisper vi. & vt.悄声说；耳语；低语n.耳语（声）；低语（声）；传言；谣传e.g.: I saw her whispering something into his ear, obviously not wanting to be heard.5. import n.进口；进口商品vt.进口；输入；引进e.g.: Facing higher import and export costs, the company is looking for ways to survive.6. export n.出口；出口商品vt.出口；输出；传播e.g.: The islands export sugar and fruit.7. bite vt. & vi. (bit, bitten) 咬；叮；蛰n.咬；（咬下的）一口；咬伤e.g.: Feeling hurt by the rejection, she bit her lip and quietly walked away.8. disguise vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖n.伪装；化装用具e.g.: Early one morning, the king disguised himself and went to a local village.9. harm n.& vt.伤害；损害e.g.: Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm?10. despair n.绝望vi.绝望；感到无望e.g.: A deep sense of despair overwhelmed him.短语Expression1. carry sb through sth帮助某人渡过难关e.g.: Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and what carried her through a life of hard choices.2. tend to do sth易于做某事；往往会发生某事e.g.: When I’m tired, I tend to make mistakes.3. first aid急救e.g.: He helped to organise hospitals, taught doctors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid.4. pass away去世e.g.: Sadly, Dr Bethune passed away in November the following year and was buried in Shijiazhuang.5. in memory of作为对……的纪念e.g.: After Dr Bethune’s death, Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him, in which he praised Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.6. trip over被……绊倒e.g.: One woman tripper over the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground.7. in tears流着泪；含着泪e.g.: She picked herself up and limped away in tears.8. in despair处于绝望中e.g.: The king was in despair.9. a great deal (of)大量e.g.: After a great deal of effort, she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street.。
高英第八册TheAmericanDilemma翻译精编版
最新资料推荐The American Dilemma大概七年前，我应邀参加一个由科罗拉多阿斯彭研究所 (Aspen Institute )赞助的研讨会，探讨有关美国社会道德伦理问题。
出席会议的还有企业家、大学校长、法官、政客、执行编辑、教授和神学家。
虽然本次讨论中无意见冲突和争议，但较为重要的几个发言中有一个让我印象深刻，它甚至强烈地影响了我对美国生活特性和质量的看法。
一个刚从美国的一个大公司退休的副总经理平静地说，他们公司正面临着一个棘手的问题：如何记录公司的运营历程才能保证记录准确并且能够掩盖一个事实——正常的运营耗费其实是市政官员用在美国大城市的构建中的资费。
这位参与者随意举出的这个问题其实是盛行于大公司的不道德行为的又一例证。
当其他参会者都没有质疑这种行为的伦理内涵时，我最后问了一个问题：为什么这个强大的公司没有将这样的问题上报给当地或者联邦的法律执行官？很显然，同事认为我很天真。
我坚持打破砂锅问到底，而在他们看来，我好像是充满幻想的孩子，对美国游戏在经济、政治上的影响毫不知情。
如今，不仅是这个问题的揭露让我感到惊讶，同样让我感到惊讶的是各参会者对此不表示惊诧的这一事实。
他们认为自己是现实的，没有允许这次关于道德伦理价值观的学术讨论会被这么个小问题所搅乱，况且(做假账)这种不道德行为基本上已经被社会所默许。
在社会评价中，视角、价值观和特性的最为基本的问题出在哪里？这个与生俱来且长期困扰着整个美国社会的问题是什么？很显然，答案是资源的丧失和匮乏。
之所以有这么个矛盾的问题是因为美国太成功了。
美国富有且追求效率，并把普遍的不法行为视为获取成功的代价，且使最新资料推荐之合法化。
当不法行为奏效时，我们就很难为“正直”做有力的辩护。
目前为止，美国都能够一边追求民主一边进行残酷的种族歧视。
今天，大部分美国人都支持废除公共小学里的种族隔离，但是，更大一部分人却反对将自己的小孩送往已废止种族隔离的学校受教。
The-Moral-Dilemmas-of-Artificial-Intelligence
The Moral Dilemmas of ArtificialIntelligenceArtificial intelligence () is a rapidly advancing field with the potential to revolutionize various aspects of our lives, from healthcare to transportation to entertainment. However, as systems become more sophisticated and pervasive, they also raise complex moral dilemmas that warrant careful consideration. The intersection of technology and morality has sparked thought-provoking discussions among ethicists, policymakers, and the general public. In this essay, we will explore the moral dilemmas of artificial intelligence from multiple perspectives, examining the implications of on decision-making, privacy, employment, and the broader societal impact. From an ethical standpoint, one of the central moral dilemmas of revolves around the notion of decision-making. systems are designed to process vast amounts of data and make autonomous decisions based on predetermined algorithms. While this capability has the potential to improve efficiency and accuracy in various domains, it also raises questions about accountability and transparency. For instance, in fields such as healthcare and criminal justice, algorithms are increasingly being used to make decisions with significant implications for individuals' lives, such as medical diagnoses or sentencing recommendations. The ethical dilemma arises when these decisions are opaque, and individuals are unable to understand the rationale behind them. Moreover, if an system makes a flawed or biased decision, who bears the responsibility? These questions underscore the importance of ensuring that decision-making processes are fair, explainable, and aligned with ethical principles. In addition to decision-making, presents moral dilemmas in the realm of privacy and data protection. As systems rely on vast amounts of data to learn and improve their performance, concerns about data privacy and security have come to the forefront. For example, the collection and utilization of personal data by -powered technologies, such as facial recognition systems or predictive analytics, have sparked debates about the balance between innovation and individual privacy rights. Furthermore, the potential for systems to be exploited for surveillance or manipulative purposes raises profound ethical concerns. Thus, addressing themoral dilemmas of in the context of privacy entails establishing robust regulations and ethical guidelines to safeguard individuals' privacy rights while fostering technological advancement. Moreover, the rise of has prompted discussions about its impact on employment and the future of work. While proponents of argue that it can automate repetitive tasks and free up human workers to focus on more creative and complex endeavors, skeptics raise concerns about job displacement and the potential erosion of meaningful work opportunities. The moral dilemma lies in reconciling the potential societal benefits of -driven automation with the potential consequences for individuals whose livelihoods maybe disrupted. Ensuring a fair transition to an -augmented workforce and addressing the ethical implications of job displacement require a careful examination oflabor policies, education and training programs, and social safety nets. Furthermore, the broader societal impact of raises profound moral dilemmas concerning equity, justice, and the distribution of benefits and risks. As technologies proliferate, there is a risk that they may exacerbate existing disparities and privilege certain groups over others. For instance, biased algorithms can perpetuate discriminatory outcomes in areas such as lending, hiring, and law enforcement, amplifying social inequities. Additionally, the geopolitical implications of , including concerns about autonomous weapons and geopolitical competition, add another layer of moral complexity. Addressing these dilemmas necessitates a holistic approach that prioritizes equity, diversity, and inclusion in development and deployment, as well as international cooperation and ethical frameworks to mitigate potential harms. In conclusion, the moral dilemmas of artificial intelligence encompass a wide range of complex ethical considerations, from decision-making and privacy to employment and societal impact. As continues to advance and integrate into various facets of our lives, it is essential to confront these dilemmas through an ethical lens, placing human values and well-being at the center of development and deployment. By engaging inmultidisciplinary dialogue, involving stakeholders from diverse backgrounds, and proactively shaping policies and norms, we can navigate the moral complexities of and steer its trajectory toward beneficial outcomes for humanity. Ultimately, the ethical stewardship of requires a collective commitment to upholding ethicalprinciples and ensuring that technology serves the common good. In crafting this essay, I aimed to present a comprehensive exploration of the moral dilemmas of artificial intelligence, drawing on diverse perspectives and ethical considerations. I endeavored to emulate a human response by incorporating emotional elements and conveying the urgency of addressing these dilemmas in a thoughtful and empathetic manner. As continues to evolve, it is imperative to engage in ongoing ethical discourse and decision-making to navigate the complex terrain of ethics and steer technological innovations toward positive societal impact.。
(新)人教版必修三unit2 Morals and Virtues ( Listening and Speaking )
reasons, sometimes it could be really difficult to decide. • Luke: Oh, situations like that don't happen very often, do they? • Jane: Actually, I think people face moral dilemmas all the time, even us students. • Luke:Really?Like what? • Jane:Well,for example,it mentions a girl who was taking the entrance exam for a medical university
2020年高一下学期英语新人教版必修三book 3 unit 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES词汇一
debt.
（5）［词汇复现］In spite of the difficulty，I will carry ◆单句写作
outmy plan.
（6） It’s a difficult job but she’s the person to carry it through （ 顺利完
成）.
词汇三 majority n. 大部分；大多数
carry off 赢得；获得；成功对付
carry weight 有影响力；重要；有分量
◆单句语法填空
（1） His determination carried him through the hard time. （2）［词汇复现］I’d be grateful if you let me carry on with my job.
（大多数）the citizens live in tents. （9） In college I majored in （主修）Natural Science. What was your major?
词汇四 complaiຫໍສະໝຸດ vi. & vt. 抱怨；发牢骚
◆词语积累
（ 1）major adj. 主要的，重要的，大的 n. 主修课程，专业；主修 某科目的学生
vi. 主修
major in 主修
an English major 英语专业的学生
play a major role/part in sth. 在某事中起重要作用
（ 2）minor adj. 次要的
（7） English is his major and he has no difficulty communicating with foreigners. __名__词__，_专__业_______
新教材人教版高中英语必修第三册：Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 优秀课件
UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
Section A Listening and Speaking Section B Reading and Thinking Section C Discovering Useful Structures
新教材 高中英语 必修第三册 UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］They are struggling to reach a point where anyone enjoy the freedom
of religion.
（2）［词汇复现］There are many activities during Rio Carnival where he can march
to choose between two or more outcomes. ◆句型转换 （5） He got into a situation where it is hard to make a decision.
→ He got into a situation in which it is hard to make a decision.
Talk about moral dilemmas 讨论道德困境
◆要点必记
moral dilemma 道德困境
in a dilemma 处于进退两难的境地
face a dilemma 面临进退两难的困境 ◆单句语法填空
get out of a dilemma 摆脱两难的处境
单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］I am grateful that you help me get out of the dilemma I was in .
2019年北京市西城区中考一模英语阅读译文
2019年北京市西城区一模英语阅读译文Like many other people who speak more than one language, I often have the sense that I’m a slightly different person in each of my languages—more confident in English, more relaxed in French, more emotional in Czech. Is it possible that, along with these differences, my moralcompass also points in somewhat different directions depending on the language I’m using atthe time?跟会讲多种语言的人差不多，我往往有同感：每使用一种语言，我也会略有变化——讲英语时显得自信一些，讲法语时就觉得轻松好多，讲捷克语就情意绵绵了。
那会不会这样啊——由于现场使用的语言不同会呈现如此的差异，那么我的道德取向是否也是应时而变的啊？Psychologists who study moral judgments have become very interested in this question. The findings of several recent studies suggest that when people are faced with moral dilemmas, they do indeed respond differently when considering them in a foreign language than whe n using their native tongue.这个问题早就引起研究道德判定心理学家们的兴趣。
英语作文道德困境
The Complexities of Ethical DilemmasIn the intricate tapestry of human existence, ethical dilemmas stand as knotty challenges that test our moral compass and force us to navigate between conflicting principles. These situations, often characterized by ambiguity and uncertainty, demand careful consideration of not just what is right or wrong, but also what is just and fair.At the heart of an ethical dilemma lies a conflict between two or more ethical principles, each carrying its own weight and validity. For instance, imagine a scenario where a doctor is faced with the choice of eitherpreserving a patient's privacy or disclosing sensitive information that could potentially save the lives of others. Such situations force individuals to make decisions that involve weighing the competing values of confidentiality, trust, and the greater good.The complexity of ethical dilemmas often stems from the fact that there are no absolute, universal answers. What may be considered ethical in one context may notnecessarily apply in another. Cultural norms, socialexpectations, and personal beliefs all contribute to shaping our understanding of what is right and wrong. This subjectivity adds another layer of complexity to ethical decision-making, making it difficult to arrive at a single, definitive solution.Moreover, ethical dilemmas often involve emotions and personal biases that can cloud our judgment. Fear, guilt, empathy, and a desire to do what is best can all influence our decision-making process, sometimes leading us to make choices that may not be entirely objective or rational.Dealing with ethical dilemmas requires a combination of critical thinking, empathy, and moral courage. We must be willing to question our assumptions, explore alternative perspectives, and consider the potential consequences of our actions. It is also important to engage in dialogue and seek the input of others, as this can help us gain a more comprehensive understanding of the situation and identify potential solutions.In conclusion, ethical dilemmas are a fundamental part of human existence, and they present unique challenges that require careful consideration and moral courage. Byapproaching these situations with openness, empathy, and a commitment to doing what is right, we can navigate through them and make decisions that are both ethical and responsible.**道德困境的复杂性**在人类生活的纷繁复杂的织锦中，道德困境作为棘手的挑战，考验着我们的道德指南针，迫使我们在相互冲突的原则之间徘徊。
道德困境的英语
道德困境的英语
“道德困境”：moral dilemma。
一、短语构成分析
- “moral”是形容词，意思是“道德的；精神上的；品性端正的”，例如“moral values”（道德价值观），“moral education”（道德教育）。
- “dilemma”是名词，指“困境；进退两难；两刀论法”。
二、例句
1. She is facing a moral dilemma whether to tell the truth and hurt her friend or keep silent.（她正面临一个道德困境：是说出真相伤害她的朋友还是保持沉默。
）
2. The movie presents a series of moral dilemmas that make the audience think deeply.（这部电影呈现了一系列道德困境，让观众深思。
）
三、相关拓展
- 可以和“moral dilemma”搭配的动词有“face”（面临）、“solve”（解决）、“encounter”（遭遇）等。
- 在写作中，当讨论伦理、社会现象或者人物在特定情境下的抉择时，“moral dilemma”是一个很有用的表达。
新高一英语人教版必修3unit 2 morals and virtues 前两部分优质课件
Her life was full of hard choices, bking care of people who were in need. She always cared for others more than for herself.
_S_h_e_c_a_n_’t_f_in_i_s_h_th_e__ex_a_m_ ___,butt_h_e_s_tu_d_e_n_t _n_ex_t_t_o _h_e_r_m_a_y__ge_t_t_imely help.
3.Listen again and decide whether the statements are true(T) or false(F)
Part 2
3
Reading
Pre-reading
Who do you want to be in the picture above ? Why?
While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer. What does the text mainly tell us ? A.It’s mainly about Chinese medical industry. B.Dr Lin’s mother complained about her learning medicine. C.Dr Lin opened her own clinic.
Luke: Really? Like what Jane: Well, for example, it mentions a girl who was taking the entrance exam for a medical university in Beijing. During the exam, the student next to her fainted. The girl had a choice. Should she finish the exam or should she stop and help the student? Luke: Surely the teachers would look after the student who fainted! Jane: Well, that’s what I thought—but not this girl. She stopped to help the student, thinking that it was better to put the needs of the other person first.
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When I was still a middle school student, the leader of our school asked every class monitor to check every students’ dress in each class and send the results to him. According to the results, the leader would give prize to the top three classes. While checking, a monitor found that every student dressed well but one. At this time, what would the monitor do, to record honestly or to hide the truth? If the monitor record honestly, his class would lose the chance to get the prize and the honorable reputation, but if he hid the truth, he failed to fulfill his duty and might felt guilt about himself.
As for this question, the western people and Chinese would make different decisions. First, the western people put more emphasis on individualism, so western people would naturally choose to protect themselves and give up collective honorable reputation. Next, in China, people regard the collective reputation as the most important thing, so Chinese would choose differently. We can not say which side is right, which is wrong as every one has his own moral standard due to different culture.。