2003年12月全国英语专业八级口试
2003 英语专业八级口译
当然也存在着不可忽略的艰难挑战
These include continued efforts to create and improve the business environment. But I am confident that these challenges will be met.
它们包括继续努力创造和改善商务环境.但 是我坚信中国能够成功地应对这些挑战。
中国西部包括11个省、自治区 和一个直辖 市，占地680万平方公里，拥有人口三亿六 千四百万。
The government’s desire to accelerate the development of the western provinces is vital to the success of achieving a sustained growth for China in the long run.
各位来宾、新闻界的朋友们
Distinguished guests and friends from the media
首先，请允许我代表阳光国际展览中心有限公司 向出席今天新闻发布会的各位来宾表示热烈的欢 迎和衷心的感谢。
First of all, permit me, on behalf of Sunshine International Exhibition Center Co. Ltd., to extend our warmest welcome and sincere gratitude to all the guests present at the news conference today. First, on behalf of Sunshine International Exhibition Center Co., Ltd, please allow me to express our warm welcome and sincere gratitude to all of you for your presence.
全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试 全国外语翻译证书考试 上海外语口译证书考试 比较 介绍
不同点考试设立机构人事部教育部上海市委组织部、人事局、教育局考试名称（中文）全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试全国外语翻译证书考试上海外语口译证书考试考试名称（英文）China AccreditationTest for Translatorsand Interpreters －CATTINationalAccreditationExaminations forTranslators andInterpreters -NAETI无考试设立时间2003年12月2001年11月1995年6月考试主办机构国家人事部和中国外文局联合举办教育部考试中心与北京外国语大学联合举办上海市委组织部人事部、教育部联合举办出题部门中国外文局北外上海市委人事局评卷部门中国外文局北外上海市委人事局发证机构国家人事部教育部考试中心和北京外国语大学联合颁发由中共上海市委组织部、上海市人事局、上海市教育委员会和上海市成人教育委员会统一颁发考试费用北京地区2009年11月考试费用三级笔译考试费360元三级口译考试费420元二级笔译考试费500元二级口译考试费570元初级笔译考试费400元初级口译考试费500元中级笔译考试费600元中级口译考试费700元高级笔译考试费1200元高级口译考试费1200元英高210元英中180元日语200元难易程度三级笔译部分：英译汉要求600个单词；交替传译要求300个单词全；二级笔译部分：英译汉要求800个单词；口译要求1000个单词。
初级笔译考试英译汉掌握250个单词；口译考试要求400个单词左右；交替传译要求掌握250个词左右。
中级笔译要求300个单词；口译英译汉要求500-个单词左右。
对应水平三级，非外语专业本科毕业、通过大学英语六级考试或外语大专毕业生水平，并具备一定的口笔译实践经验；二级，非外语专业研究生毕业或外语专业本科毕业生水平，并具备3-5年的翻译时间经验；一级，具备8-10年的翻译实践经验，是某语种互译方面的专家初级，北外英语专业本科二年级或二年级以上水平；中级，北外英语专业本科毕业或研究生水平；高级，北外高级翻译学院毕业生或以上水平。
全国英语专业八级口语测试(以下简称专八口试)详解
八级口试题（2015）
• The heavy smog sweeping across much of China reminds us of the catastrophic Great London Smog of 1952, which killed 12,000 people, as well as the measures that city took afterwards to control pollution. These measures included banning many smoke-emitting fuels, raising the minimum permissible heights of industrial chimneys, moving power stations out of the city, and many others. London eventually takes on a new look because of these measures. What measures do you think we in China should take to deal with smog pollution?
中译英考题
• 2010:第四届世界城市论坛新闻发布会讲话 • 2011:世博会中国馆馆长介绍中国馆的相关情况 • 2012:省领导接待美国加利福尼亚州代表团的欢迎辞 • 2013：省政府官员在商贸和投资论坛上的讲话 • 2014：国家体育总局局长第二届亚青会开幕式致辞 • 2015：外国语学校校长在国际语言村开幕式上的讲话
口语中的问题
• 评述内容不够丰富，思想比较简单 • 只能从一、两个方面论述自己的观点（支持禁 播的反复强调这类节目粗俗，反对的则强调这 类节目给了普通大众实现梦想的机会）
2003年专业英语八级考试试题（4）
23. Which of the following is NOT the firm’s recruitment requirement? A. Marriage. B. Background. C. Relevant degree. D. Male. 24. The details of the private investigation show that the firm A. was interested in his family background. B. intended to check out his other job offers. C. wanted to know something about his preference. D. was interested in any personal detail of the man. 25. According to the passage, the main reason Lama Quin was there at the interview was that A. his image could help impress McDereer. B. he would soon become a partner himself. C. he was good at interviewing applicants. D. his background was similar to MeDereer’s. 26. We get the impression from the passage that in job recruitment the firm was NOT A. selective. B. secretive. C. perfunctory. D. racially biased.2003年专业⼋级考试真题(2) TEXT K First read the questions. 39. When did Moore receive his first commission? A. In 1948. B. In 1946. C. In 1931. D. In 1928. 40. Where did Moore win his first international prize? A. In London. B. In Venice. C. In New York. D. In Hamburg. Now go through TEXT K quickly to answer questions 39 and 40. Henry Moore, the seventh of eight children of Raymond Spencer Moore and his wife Mary, was born in Yorkshire on 30 July 1898. After graduating from secondary school, Moore taught for a short while. Then the First World War began and he enlisted in the army at the age of eighteen. After the war he applied for and received an ex-serviceman’s grant to attend Leeds School of Art. At the end of his second year he won a scholarship to the Royal College of Art in London. In 1928 Moore met Irina Radetsky, a painting student at the college, whom he married a year later. The couple then moved into a house which consisted of a small ground-floor studio with an equally small flat above. This remained their London home for ten years. Throughout the 1920’s Moore was involved in the art life of London. His first commission, received in 1928, was to produce a sculpture relief for the newly opened headquarters of London Transport. His first one-man exhibition opened at the Warren Gallery in 1928; it was followed by a show at the Leicester Galleries in 1931 and his first sale to a gallery abroad- the Museum fur Kunst und Gewerbe in Hamburg. His success continued. In 1946 Moore had his first foreign retrospective exhibition at the Museum of Modem Art, New York. In 1948 he won the International Sculpture Prize at the 24th Venice Biennale, the first of countless international accolades acquired in succeeding years. At the same time sales of Moore’s work around the world increased, as did the demand for his exhibitions. By the end of 1970’s the number of exhibitions had grown to an average of forty a year, ranging from the very small to major international retrospectives taking years of detailed planning and preparation. The main themes in Moore’s work included the mother and child, the earliest work created in 1922, and the reclining figure dating from 1926. At the end of the 1960’s came stringed figures based on mathematical models observed in the Science Museum, and the first helmet head, a subject that later developed into the internal-external theme- variously interpreted as a hard form coveting a soft, like a mother protecting her child or a foetus inside a womb. A few years before his death in 1986 Moore gave the estate at Perry Green with its studios, houses and cottages to the Trustees of the Henry Moore Foundation to promote sculpture and the fine arts within the cultural life of the country and inparticular the works of Henry Moore. - THE END - ANSWER SHEET ONE PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION D NOTE-TAKING & GAPFILING (15 MIN) Fill in each of the gaps with ONE word You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. Marslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged In order of importance. Physiological needs: the most (1)______________ones for survival.They include such needs as food, water, etc. And there is usually one way to satisfy these needs. (2)______________needs: needs for a) physical security;b)(3)_______________security. The former means no illness or injury, while the latter is concerned with freedom from (4)______________, misfortunes, etc. These needs can be met through a variety of means, e.g. job security, (5)______________________plans, and safe working conditions.Social needs: human requirements for a) love and affection;b) a sense of belonging.There are two ways to satisfy these needs: a) formation of relationships at workplace;b) formation of relationships outside workplace.Esteem needs: a) self-esteem, i.e. one’s sense of achievement;b) esteem of others, i.e. others’ respect as a result of one’s(6__________.These needs can be fulfilled by achievement, promotion, honours, etc.Self-realization needs: need to realize one’s potential.Ways to realize these needs are individually (7)______________________ Features of the hierarchy of needs:a) Social, esteem and self-realization needs are exclusively(8)______________ needs.b) Needs are satisfied in a fixed order from the bottom up.c) (9)_____________for needs comes from the lowest un-met level.d) Different levels of needs may (10)_______________when they come into play.。
2003-2010年专八口语真题及答案
April 2003)Directions: Please do not do interpreting when you listen to the speech this time.The Speech by a World Bank Group Official at the 2002 Western China International Economy and Trade FairGovernor Zhang, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen,1 am delighted to be here this morning to open the Western China International Economy and Trade Fair. I would like to thank the Peoples Government of Sichuan for inviting us to attend this important event where government leaders from Beijing and twe lve other provinces meet to discuss strategies for developing China’s Western Region.This event reflects the strong commitment of the Government and the people of China to develop its Western Regions. I am very impressed with the enthusiasm and determination demonstrated not only by the public sector but also by the increasing level of private sector interest in supporting the Western development goals set forth by the government.The purpose of my current visit to China is to assess recent economic developments in China and to discuss with senior leaders of the Government the World Bank Groups assistance strategy for China after its accession to the WTO. 1 started my visit two days ago in the western province of Yunnan and have now come to Sichuan. I have seen good examples of how the World Bank Grow up can offer assistance to the Government and the private sector to develop China’s West. There are 11 provinces, autonomous regions and one municipality in west China, with a total area of about 6.8 million square kilometers and a population of 364 million. The government’s desire to accelerate the development of the western provinces is vital to the success of achieving a sustained growth for China in the long run. There are also challenges, however, that should not be overlooked. These include continue efforts to create and improve the business environment. But 1 am confident that these challenges will be met.In closing，I would like to thank the Government of Sichuan for its support to the World Bank and IFC operations in Sichuan. We look forward to working with all of you to contribute to the development of China’s West and to improve people’s lives in this important part of the country.Thank you!Directions: Now listen again. Please begin interpreting when you hear a beep.1.The purpose of my current visit to China is to evaluate recent economic developments in China, and discuss with Chinese leaders the World Bank Group’s assistance strategy for China after its entry into the WTO.2.I started my visit two days ago in the western province of Yunnan and have now come to Sichuan. 1 have seen good examples of how the World Bank Group can offer assistance to the Government and the private sectors to develop China’s West.3.There are 11 provinces, autonomous regions and one municipality in west China, with a total area of about 6.8 million square kilometers and a population of 364 million.4.The Government's desire to accelerate the development of the western provincesis vital to the success of achieving a sustained growth for China in the long run.5.There are also challenges, however, that should not be overlooked These include continued efforts to create and improve the business environment. But I am confident that these challenges will be met.Task Two: Interpreting from Chinese into EnglishDirections: Please do not do interpreting when you listen to the speech this time.阳光国际展览中心副总经理在举办2002年中国（阳光）国际乐器展览新闻发布会上的讲话各位来宾、新闻界的朋友：下午好！首先，请允许我代表阳光国际展览中心有限公司向出席今天新闻发布会的各位来宾表示热烈的欢迎和衷心的感谢！国际乐器业界的盛人聚会一MUSIC CHINA中国(阳光)国际浓器展览会将于2002年10月16日-19日在阳光国际展览中心隆重开幕。
2003年英语专业八级试题及答案
Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged in order of importance. Physiological needs: the most (1)____ ones for survival. They include such needs as food, water, etc. And there is usually one way to satisfy these needs. (2)____ needs: needs for 〖ZK(〗a)physical security; b) (3)____ security. 〖ZK)〗 The former means no illness or injury, while the latter is concerned with freedom from (4)____, misfortunes, etc. These needs can be met through a variety of means, e. g. job security, (5)____ plans, and safe working conditions. Social needs: human requirements for 〖ZK(〗a) love and affection; b) a sense of belonging. 〖ZK)〗 There are two ways to satisfy these needs: 〖ZK(〗a) 〖ZK(〗formation of relationships at workplace;〖ZK)〗 b) 〖ZK(〗formation of relationships outside workplace. 〖ZK)〗〖ZK)〗 Esteem needs: 〖ZK(〗a) self-esteem, i. e. one's sense of achievement; b) 〖ZK(〗esteem of others, i. e. others' respect as a result of one's (6)____. 〖ZK)〗〖ZK)〗 There needs can be fulfilled by achievement, promotion, honours, etc. Self-realization needs: need to realize one's potential. Ways to realize these needs are individually (7)____. Features of the hierarchy of needs: 〖ZK(〗a) 〖ZK(〗Social, esteem and self-realization needs are exclusively (8)____ nees. 〖ZK)〗 b) 〖ZK(#〗Nesds are satisfied in a fixed order from the bottom up. c) (9)____ for needs comes from the lowest un-met level. d) Different levels of needs may (10)____ when they comes into play. 〖ZK)〗 [] (1)____ (2)____ (3)____ (4)____ (5)____ (6)____ (7)____ (8)____ (9)____ (10)____〖DZ〗〗 Proofreading and Error Correction (15 min) The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way: For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.
2003年英语专业八级考试真题及答案-中大网校
2003年英语专业八级考试真题及答案总分：100分及格：60分考试时间：190分PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN) SECTION A MINI-LECTURE(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(2)根据材料，请在（2）处填上最佳答案。
(3)根据材料，请在（3）处填上最佳答案。
(4)根据材料，请在（4）处填上最佳答案。
(5)根据材料，请在（5）处填上最佳答案。
(6)根据材料，请在（6）处填上最佳答案。
(7)根据材料，请在（7）处填上最佳答案。
(8)根据材料，请在（8）处填上最佳答案。
(9)根据材料，请在（9）处填上最佳答案。
(10)根据材料，请在（10）处填上最佳答案。
SECTION B INTERVIEW & SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST(1)<A href="javascript:;"></A><A href="javascript:;"></A>(2)David is inclined to believe inA. alienB. UFOC. the TV characteD. government conspiracie(3)David thinks he is fit for the TV role because of his中大网校引领成功职业人生A. professional traininB. personalitC. life experiencD. appearanc(4)From the interview，we know that at present David feelsA. a sense of frustratioB. haunted by the unknown thingC. confident but moodD. successful yet unsatisfie(5)How does David feel about the divorce of his parents?A. He feels a sense of angeB. He has a sense of sadnesC. It helped him grow uD. It left no effect on hi(6)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(7)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>Some voters will waste their ballots becauseA. they like neither candidatB. they are all ill－informeC. the candidates do not differ mucD. they do not want to vote twic(8)<Ahref="javascript:;">中大网校“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”网址：</A>According to the UN Human Development Report，which is the best place／or women in the world?A. CanadB. The UC. AustraliD. Scandinavi(9)__________ is in the 12th place in overall ranking．A. BritainB. FranceC. FinlandD. Switzerland(10)According to the UN report，the least developed country isA. EthiopiB. MalC. Sierra LeoD. Central African RepubliPART ⅡREADING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;">中大网校引领成功职业人生</A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(2)In history hostility to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the following EXCEPTA. the EgyptianB. the statC. the churcD. the Nazi(3)Which of the following is NOT a cause of the inaccurate count of Gypsies?A. Gypsies are reluctant to deal with the authoritieB. Many gypsies have immigrated to other continentC. Some governments are prone to mistakes in countinD. Gypsy groups may make great play about the population(4)According to the passage，the main difference between the Gypsies and the Jews lies in their concepts ofA. languagB. culturC. identitD. custo中大网校“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”网址：(5)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"> </A>中大网校引领成功职业人生(6)When the author recalls Harlem in the old days，he has a feeling ofA. indifferencB. discomforC. delighD. nostalgi(7)Harlem was called the capital of Black America in the l920s and’30s mainly because of itsA. art and culturB. immigrant populatioC. political enthusiasD. distinctive architectur(8)According to the passage，Harlem seems to have a renaissance partly becauseA. its economy has been improved greatlB. its crime rate has dropped drasticallC. it has eventually gone with the tidD. it has established a empowerment zon(9)From the passage we can infer that，generally speaking，the authorA. has strong reservations about the changeB. has slight reservations about the changeC. welcomes the changes in HarleD. is completely opposed to the change(10)<Ahref="javascript:;">中大网校“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”网址：</A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>Which of the following is NOT the firm’s recruitment requirement?A. MarriagB. BackgrounC. Relevant degre中大网校引领成功职业人生D. Mal(11)The word “dossier” in the third paragraph probably meansA. cataloguB. filC. papeD. certificat(12)The details of the private investigation show that the firmA. was interested in his family backgrounB. intended to check out his other job offerC. wanted to know something about his preferencD. was interested in any personal detail of the ma(13)According to the passage，the main reason Lama Quin was there at the interview was thatA. his image could help impress McDeerB. he would soon become a partner himselC. he was good at interviewing applicantD. his background was similar to McDeere’(14)We get the impression from the passage that in job recruitment the firm was NOTA. selectivB. secretivC. perfunctorD. racially biase(15)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;">中大网校“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”网址：</A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(16)For a CEO to be successful in government，he has toA. regard the president as the CEB. take absolute control of his departmenC. exercise more power than the congressional committeD. become acquainted with its power structur(17)In commenting on O’Ncill’s record as Treasury Secretary，the passage seems to indicate thatA. 0’NciII hits failed to use his power welB. 0’Neill’s policies were well receiveC. 0’Neill has been consistent in his policieD. 0’Neill is uncertain about the package he’s approve(18)According to the passage,the differences between government and business lie in the following areas EXCEPTA. nature of activitB. option of withdrawaC. legitimacy of activitD. power distributio(19)The author seems to suggest that CE0－turned government officialsA. are able to fit into their new roleB. arc unlikely to adapt to their new roleC. can respond to new situations intelligentlD. may feel uncertain in their new post(20)Which might be the best title for the passage?A. Presidential PoweB. CEOs in GovernmenC. The welregarded Treasury SecretarD. Troubles of CE0．turned Government OfficialPART ⅢGENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)(1)<Ahref="javascript:;">中大网校“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”网址：</A>The state of California is onA. Caribbean SeB. the Gulf of MexicC. the Pacific CoasD. the Atlantic Coas(2)Which of the following is NOT a British news agency?A. ReuterB. The Associated PresC. The Press Association LtD. United Press，Lt(3)The following are the founding fathers of the American Republic EXCEPTA. George WashingtoB. Benjamin FrankliC. Willian PenD. Thomas Jefferso(4)Canada occupies about__________ 0f the North American continent．A. 1/2B. 1/3C. 1/4D. 1/5(5)Who was “the Father of English Poetry”?A. Francis BacoB. John MiltoC. Robert BurnD. Geoffrey Chauce(6)The poetic style Walt Whitman devised is now calledA. free versB. sonneC. blank versD. balla(7)The Great Gatsby was written byA. Wallace StevenB. Thomas Stearns ElioC. Ernest HemingwaD. Scott Fitzgeral(8)__________ can be simply defined as the study of meaning．A. SyntaxB. SemanticsC. PragmaticsD. Linguistics(9)Which of the following is NOT one of the major branches of linguistics?A. PhoneticB. SyntaC. SynchronicD. Semantic(10)Which of the following words contains one bound morpheme?A. DisappearancB. UntouchablC. DesirabilitD. PhysiciaPART ⅣPROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15MIN)(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></ A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A><A中大网校“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”网址：href="javascript:;"></A>(2)根据材料，请在（2）处填上最佳答案。
【Selected】2003年专业八级考试真题及答案.doc
20GG年专业8级考试真题及答案试卷一(95min)PartⅠListeningComprehension(40min)InSectionsA,BandCyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandt henanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarAthecorrectanswertoeachquestio nonyourCOLOREDANSWERSHEET.SECTIONATALAQuestions1to5refertothetalAinthissection.AttheendofthetalAyouwillbegi ven15secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentothe talA.1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutofficesisNOTtrueaccordingtothe talA?A.OfficesthroughouttheworldarebasicallyaliAB.ThereareprimarilytwoAindsofofficelayout.C.OfficesurroundingsusedtodependoncompanyD.OfficeatmosphereinfluencesworA ers’p2.WecaninferfromthetalAthatharmoniousworArelationsmayhaveadirecti mpactonyour____.A.promotionB.colleaguesC.managementD.union3.SupposingyouwereworAinginasmallfirm,whichofthefollowingwouldyo udowhenyouhadsomeA.RequestaformalspecialmeetingwiththeB.Draftaformalagendaforaspecialmeeting.C.ContactaconsultativecommitteeD.AsAtoseethebossforatalAimmediately.4.AccordingtothetalA,theunionplaysthefollowingrolesEGCPETA.mediationB.arbitrationC.negotiationD.representation5.WhichtopicisNOTcoveredinthetalAA.Roleoftheunion.B.WorApanystructure.D.Officelayout.SECTIONBINTERVIEWQuestions6to10arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillb egiven15secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistento theinterview.6.WhichofthefollowingsatementsisINCORRECTabout David’s personalba cAground?A.HehadeGcellentacademicrecordsatschoolanduniversity.B.HewasonceonaPhDprogrammeatYaleC.HereceivedprofessionaltraininginD.Hecamefromasingle-parentfamily.7.DavidisinclinedtobelieveinA.aliensC.theTVcharacterernmentconspiracies8.DavidthinAsheisfitfortheTVrolebecauseofhisA.professionaltrainingB.pC.lifeeGperienceD.appearance9.Fromtheinterview,weAnowthatatpresentDavidfeels____.A.asenseoffrustrationB.hauntedbytheunAnownC.confidentbutmoodyD.successfulyetunsatisfied10.HowdoesDavidfeelaboutthedivorceofhisA.Hefeelsasenseofanger.B.Hehasasenseofsadness.C.Ithelpedhimgrowup.D.Itleftnoeffectonhim.SECTIONCNEWSBROADCASTQuestion11isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwill begiven15secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothe11.Whatisthemainideaofthenewsitem?concernovertheforthcomingpeacetalAB.PeaceeffortsbythePalestinianAuthoC.RecommendationsbytheMitchellD.BombattacAsaimedatIsraelicivilians.Question12isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwill begiven15secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.12.SomevoterswillwastetheirballotsbecauseA.theyliAeneithercandidateB.theyareallill-informedC.thecandidatesdonotdiffermuchD.theydonotwanttovotetwiceQuestions13to15arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem, youwillbegiven15secondstoanswereachofthequestions.Nowlistentothen ews.13.AccordingtotheUNHumanDevelopmentReport,whichisthebestplacefo rwomenintheA.Canada.B.TheUS.C.Australia.D.Scandinavia.14.____isinthe12thplaceinoverallranAA.BritainB.FranceC.FinlandD.Switzerland15.AccordingtotheUNreport,theleastdevelopedcountryisA.EthiopiaB.MaliC.SierraLeonD.CentralAfricanRepublicSECTIONDNOTE-TAAINGANDGAP-FILLING Inthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY. Whilelistening,taAenotesontheimportantpoints.FillineachofthegapswithONEword.Youmayrefertoyournotes.MaAesureth ewordyoufillinisbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyMaslow’s HierarchyofNeeds AbrahamMaslowhasdevelopedafamoustheoryofhumanneeds,whichcanb earrangedinorderofPhysiologicalneeds:themost(1)____onesforsurvival.Theyincludesuchneed sasfood,water,etc.Andthereisusuallyonewaytosatisfytheseneeds.(2)____needs:needsfor〖ZA(〗a)physicalsecurity;b)(3)____security.〖ZA)〗Theformermeansnoillnessorinjury,whilethelatterisconcernedwithfreedo mfrom(4)____,misfortunes,etc.Theseneedscanbemetthroughavarietyofm eans,e.g.jobsecurity,(5)____plans,andsafeworAingconditions. Socialneeds:humanrequirementsfor〖ZA(〗a)loveandaffection;b)asenseofbelonging.〖ZA)〗Therearetwowaystosatisfytheseneeds:〖ZA(〗a)〖ZA(〗formationofrelationshipsatworAplace;〖ZA)〗b)〖ZA(〗formationofrelationshipsoutsideworAplace.〖ZA)〗〖ZA)〗Esteemneeds:〖ZA(〗a)self-esteem,i.e.one’s senseofachievement;b)〖ZA(〗esteemofothers,i.e.others’respectasaresultof one’s(6)____.〖ZA)〗〖ZA)〗Thereneedscanbefulfilledbyachievement,promotion,honours,Self-realizationneeds:needtorealize one’s potential.Waystorealizethesen eedsareindividuallyFeaturesofthehierarchyofneeds:〖ZA(〗a)〖ZA(〗Social,esteemandself-realizationneedsareeGclusively(8)____nees.〖ZA)〗b)〖ZA(#〗NesdsaresatisfiedinafiGedorderfromthebottomup.c)(9)____forneedscomesfromthelowestun-metd)Differentlevelsofneedsmay(10)____whentheycomesintoplay.〖ZA)〗[(10)____〖DZ〗〗ProofreadingandErrorCorrection(15min) ThepassagecontainsTENerrors.EachindicatedlinecontainsamaGimumofO NEerror.Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepas sageandcorrectitinthefollowingway:Foraworngword,underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneinthebla nAprovidedattheendoftheline.Foramissingword,marAthepositionofthemissingwordwitha“∧”signand writethewordyoubelievetobemissingintheblanAprovidedattheendoftheliForanunnecessaryword,crosstheunnecessarywordwithaslash“/”and putthewordintheblanAprovidedattheendoftheline.EGWhen∧artmuseumwantsaneweGhibit, itneverbuysthingsinfinishedformandhangs[JY](2)[themonthewall.Whenanaturalhistorymuseumwantsan[ZZ(Z]eGhibition[ZZ)],itmustoftenbuildit.[JY](3)[ZZ(Z]eGhibit[ZZ)]〖FA)〗〖CSD〗〖CSG〗DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremor eeagerthanovertoestablishfamilies.TheyquicAlybroughtdowntheageatmarriageforbothmenandwomenbroughtthebirthratetoatwentiethcenturyheightaftermorethan[JY](1)____ahundredyearsofasteadydecline,producingthe“babyboom”.[JY](2)____Thereyoungadultsestablishedatrendofearlymarriageandrelativelylargefamiliesthatwentformorethantwodecadesandcausedamajorbut[JY](temporaryreversaloflong-termdemographicpatterns.Fromthethroughtheearly1960s,Americansmarriedatahighrateandata[JY](4)____youngeragethantheirEuropecounterparts. Lessnotedbutequallymoresignificant,themanandwomenwhoformedfamiliesbetween1940and1960neverthelessreduced[JY](7)____thedivorcerateafterapostwarpeaA;theirmarriagesremainedtoagreatereGtentthandidthatofcoupleswhomarriedinearlieraswellaslaterdecades.SincetheUnitedStatesmaintainedits dubiousdistinctionofhavingthehighestdivorcerateintheworld, thetemporarydeclineindivorcedidnotoccurinthesameeGtentin[JY](10)____Europe.ContrarytofearsoftheeGperts,theroleofandhomemaAerwasnotPartⅢReadingComprehension(40min) SECTIONAREADINGCOMPREHENSION(30Inthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotaloffifteenmult iple-choicequestions.ReadthepassagesandthenmarAyouranswersonyour COLOREDANSWERSHEET.TEGTA HostilitytoGypsieshaseGistedalmostfromthetimetheyfirstappearedinEuropeinthe14thcentury.TheoriginsoftheGypsies,withlittlewrittenhistory,wer eshroudedinmystery.WhatisAnownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoft heirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEas tathousandyearsago,worAingasminstrelsandmercenaries,metalsmithsan dservants.EuropeansmisnamedthemEgyptians,soonshortenedtoGypsies. Aclansystem,basedmostlyontheirtraditionalcraftsandgeography,hasmad ethemadeeplyfragmentedandfractiouspeople,onlyreallyunifyinginthefac eofenmityfromnon-Gypsies,whomtheycallgadje.TodaymanyGypsyactivis tsprefertobecalledRoma,whichcomesfromtheRomanywordfor“man”.B utonmytravelsamongthemmoststillreferredtothemselvesasGypsies.InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquicAly,withthechurchseeing heresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviourinthei rnomadism.Atvarioustimestheyhavebeenforbiddentoweartheirdistinctiv ebrightclothes,tospeaAtheirownlanguage,totravel,tomarryoneanother,or toplytheirtraditionalcrafts.Insomecountriestheywerereducedtoslavery—i t wasn’t untilthemid-1800sthatGypsyslaveswerefreedinRomania.Inmorer ecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshal famillionperishedintheHolocaust.Theirhorseshavebeenshotandthewheel sremovedfromtheirwagons,theirnameshavebeenchanged,theirwomenha vebeensterilized,andtheirchildrenhavebeenforciblygivenforadoptionton on-Gypsyfamilies.ButtheGypsieshaveconfoundedpredictionsoftheirdisappearanceasadisti nctethnicgroup,andtheirnumbershaveburgeoned.Todaythereareanestim ated8to12millionGypsiesscatteredacrossEurope,maAingthemthecontinent’s largestminority.TheeGactnumberishardtopindown.Gypsieshavereg ularlybeenundercounted,bothbyregimesanGioustodownplaytheirprofile andbyGypsiesthemselves,seeAingtoavoidbureaucracies.Attemptingtore medypastinequities,activistgroupsmayovercount.Hundredsofthousands morehaveemigratedtotheAmericansandelsewhere.WithveryfeweGceptio nsGypsieshaveeGpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown—unli AetheJews,towhomtheGypsyeGperienceisoftencompared.“Romanestan ,”s aidRonaldLee,theCanadianGypsywriter,“is wheremytwofeet stand.”16.Gypsiesareunitedonlywhenthey____.A.areengagedintraditionalcraftsB.callthemselvesC.liveunderaclansystemD.faceeGternalthreats17.InhistoryhostilitytoGypsiesinEuroperesultedintheirpersecutionbyallth efollowingEGCEPT____.A.theEgyptiansB.theC.thechurchD.theNazis18.Accordingtothepassage,themaindifferencebetweentheGypsiesandthe JewsliesintheirconceptsofnguageB.cultureC.identityD.customTeGtBIwasjustaboywhenmyfatherbroughtmetoHarlemforthefirsttime,almost50 yearsago.WestayedattheHotelTheresa,agrandbricAstructureat125thStreetandSeventhAvenus.Once,inthehotelrestaurant,myfatherpointedoutJoe Louis.HeevengotMr.Brown,thehotelmanager,tointroducemetohim,abitp aunchybutstillthechampasfarasIwasconcerned.Muchhaschangedsincethen.Businessandrealestatearebooming.Somesay anewrenaissanceisunderway.Othersdecrywhattheyseeasoutsideforcesru nningroughshodovertheoldHarlem.NewYorAmeantHarlemtome,andasayoungmanIvisiteditwheneverIcould. Butmanyofmyoldhauntsaregone.TheTheresashutdownin1966.Nationalch ainsthatonceignoredHarlemnowanticipateyuppiemoneyandwantpieceso fthisprimeManhattanrealestate.SohereIamonahotAugustafternoon,sittin ginaStarbucAsthattwoyearsagoopenedablocAawayfromtheTheresa,snat chingatmemoriesbetweensipsofhigh-pricedcoffee.Iamabouttoopenupap ieceoftheoldHarlem—theNewYorAAmsterdamNews—whenatouristasAi ngdirectionsto Sylvia’s,aprominentHarlemrestaurant,penetratesmydayd reaming.He’s carryingabooA:HistoricHistory.ImissMr.MichauG’s booAstore,hisHouseofCommonSense,which wasacrossfromtheTheresa.Hehadabigbillboardoutfrontwithbrownandbla cAfacespaintedonitthatsaidinlarge letters:“World HistoryBooAOutleton2 0XX000000AfricansandNonwhitePeoples.”An uglystateofficebuildingha sswallowedthatspace.ImissspeaAerliAeCarlosCooAs,whowasalwaysonthesouthwestcornerof12 5thandSeventh,urginglistenerstosupportAfrica.Harlem’s powerfulpolitic alelectricityseemsunplugged—althoughthestreetsarestillenergized,espe ciallybyWestAfricanimmigrants.HardworAingsouthernnewcomersformedthebulAofthecommunitybacAi nthe1920sand’30s,whenHarlemrenaissanceartists,writers,andintellectu alsgaveitaglitterandrenownthatmadeitthecapitalofblacAAmerica.FromH arlem,W.E.B.Dubois,LangstonHughes,PaulRobeson,ZoraHurston,andoth ershelpedpower America’s culturalinfluencearoundtheworld.Bythe1970sand’80s drugsandcrimehadravagedpartsofthecommunity.A ndthelifeeGpectancyformeninHarlemwaslessthanthatofmeninBanglades h.Harlemhadbecomeasymbolofthedangersofinner-citylife.Now,youwanttoshout“Loo A in’good!”at thisplacethathasbeenneglect edforsolong.CrowdspushintoHarlemUSA,anewshoppingcentreon125th, whereaDisneystoresharesspacewithHMVRecords,theNewYorASportsClu b,andanine-screenMagicJohnsontheatrecompleG.Nearb,aRiteAiddrugst orealsoopened.MaybepartofthereasonHarlemseemstobeundergoingare birthisthatitisfinallygettingwhatmostpeopletaAeforgranted.Harlemisalsopartofan“empowermentzone”—afederaldesignationaime datfosteringeconomicgrowththatwillbringoverhalfabillioninfederal,state, andlocaldollars.Justtheshellsofonceelegantoldbrownstonesnowcancosts everalhundredthousanddollars.RentsaresAyrocAeting.Animprovedecono my,tougherlawenforcement,andcommunityeffortsagainstdrugshavecont ributedtoa60percentdropincrimesince1993.19.AtthebeginningtheauthorseemstoindicatethatHarlemA.hasremainedunchangedalltheseB.hasundergonedrasticC.hasbecomethecapitalofBlacAD.hasremainedasymbolofdangersofinner-citylife20.WhentheauthorrecallsHarlemintheolddays,hehasafeelingofA.indifferenceB.discomfortC.delightD.nostalgia21.HarlemwascalledthecapitalofBlacAAmericainthe1920sand’30s mainl ybecauseofits____.A.artandcultureB.immigrantC.politicalenthusiasmD.distinctivearchitecture22.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat,generallyspeaAing,theauthorA.hasstrongreservationsaboutthechangesB.hasslightreservationsaboutthechangesC.welcomesthechangesinHarlemD.iscompletelyopposedtothechangesTEGTCTheseniorpartner,OliverLambert,studiedtheresumeforthehundredthtime andagainfoundnothinghedisliAedaboutMitchellY.McDeere,atleastnoton paper.Hehadthebrains,theambition,thegoodlooAs.Andhewashungry;wit hhisbacAground,hehadtobe.Hewasmarried,andthatwasmandatory.Thefir mhadneverhiredanunmarriedlawyer,anditfrownedheavilyondivorce,aswe llaswomanizinganddrinAing.Drugtestingwasinthecontract.Hehadadegre einaccounting,passedtheCPAeGamthefirsttimehetooAitandwantedtobea taGlawyer,whichofcoursewasarequirementwithataGfirm.Hewaswhite,and thefirmhadneverhiredablacA.Theymanagedthisbybeingsecretiveandclub bishandneversolicitingjobapplications.Otherfirmssolicited,andhiredblac As.Thisfirmrecruited,andremainedlilywhite.Plus,thefirmwasinMemphis,andthetopblacAswantedNewYorAorWashingtonorChicago.McDeerewasam ale,andtherewerenowomeninthefirm.ThatmistaAehadbeenmadeinthemi d-seventieswhentheyrecruitedthenumberonegradfromHarvard,whohap penedtobeasheandawizardattaGation.Shelastedfourturbulentyearsandw asAilledinacarwrecA.HelooAedgood,onpaper.Hewastheirtopchoice.Infact,forthisyeartherewer enootherprospects.Thelistwasveryshort.ItwasMcDeere,orno Themanagingpartner,RoyceMcAnight,studiedadossierlabeled“MitchellY.McDeere—Harvard.”An inchthicAwithsmallprintandafewphotographs; ithadbeenpreparedbysomeeGCIAagentsinaprivateintelligenceoutfitinBet hesda.Theywereclientsofthefirmandeachyeardidtheinvestigatingfornofe e.ItwaseasyworA,theysaid,checAingoutunsuspectinglawstudents.Theylea rned,forinstance,thathepreferredtoleavetheNortheast,thathewasholding threejoboffers,twoinNewYorAandoneinChicago,andthatthehighestoffer was$76000andthelowestwas$68000.Hewasindemand.Hehadbeengivent heopportunitytocheatonasecuritieseGamduringhissecondyear.Hedecline d,andmadethehighestgradeintheclass.Twomonthsagohehadbeenoffered cocaineatalawschoolparty.Hesaidnoandleftwheneveryonebegansnorting .HedranAanoccasionalbeer,butdrinAingwaseGpensiveandhehadnomone y.Heowedcloseto$23000instudentloans.Hewashungry.RoyceMcAnightflippedthroughthedossierandsmiled.McDeerewastheirm an.LamarQuinwasthirty-twoandnotyetapartner.Hehadbeenbroughtalongtol ooAyoungandactyoungandprojectayouthfulimageforBendini,Lambert&LocAe,whichinfactwasayoungfirm,sincemostofthepartnersretiredintheirlat efortiesorearlyfiftieswithmoneytoburn.HewouldmaAepartnerinthisfirm. WithasiG-figureincomeguaranteedfortherestofhislife,Lamarcouldenjoyth etwelve-hundred-dollartailoredsuitsthathungsocomfortablyfromhistall,a thleticframe.Hestrollednonchalantlyacrossthethousandsuiteandpouredanothercupofdecaf.HechecAedhiswatch.Heglancedatthe twopartnerssittingatthesmallconferencetablenearthemarlooAedatthepar tners,whoslidtheresumeanddossierintoanopenbriefcase.Allthreereached marbuttonedhistopbuttonandopenedthedoor.23.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthe firm’s recruitmentrequirement?A.Marriage.B.BacAground.C.Relevantdegree.D.Male.24.ThedetailsoftheprivateinvestigationshowthatthefirmA.wasinterestedinhisfamilybacAB.intendedtochecAouthisotherjoboffersC.wantedtoAnowsomethingabouthisD.wasinterestedinanypersonaldetailoftheman25.Accordingtothepassage,themainreasonLamaQuinwasthereattheinterv iewwasthatA.hisimagecouldhelpimpressMcDeereB.hewouldsoonbecomeapartnerC.hewasgoodatinterviewingD.hisbacAgroundwassimilarto McDeere’s26.WegettheimpressionfromthepassagethatinjobrecruitmentthefirmwasNOTA.selectiveB.secretiveC.perfunctoryD.raciallybiasedTEGTDHarryTrumandidn’t thinAhissuccessorhadtherighttrainingtobepresident .“Poor IAe—it won’t beabitliAethe Army,”he said.“He’ll sittherealldays aying‘do this,do that,’and nothingwill happen.”Truman waswrongabou tIAe.DwightEisenhowerhadledafractiousalliance—you didn’t tellWinston Churchillwhattodo—inamassive,chaoticwar.Hewasusedtopolitics.ButTru man’s insightcouldwellbeappliedtoanother,evenmoreveneratedWashin gtonfigure:theCEO-turnedcabinetsecretary.A20-yearbullmarAethasconvincedusallthatCEOsaregeniuses,sowatchwit hastonishmentthetroublesofDonaldRumsfeldandPaul O’Neill.Herearetw ohighlyregardedbusinessmen,obviouslyintelligentandwell-informed,fou nderingintheirjobs.Actually,weshou ldn’t besurprised.Rumsfeldand O’Neillarenotdoingbad lydespitehavingbeensuccessfulCEOsbutbecauseofit.Therecordofseniorb usinessmeningovernmentisoneofalmostunrelieveddisappointment.Infac t,withtheeGceptionofRobertRubin,itisdifficulttothinAofaCEOwhohadasuc cessfulcareeringovernment.Whyisthis?Well,firsttheCEOhastorecognizethatheisnolongertheCEO.Heis atbestanadvisertotheCEO,thepresident.Buteventhepresidentisnotreallyth eCEO.Nooneis.Powerinacorporationisconcentratedandverticallystructure d.PowerinWashingtonisdiffuseandhorizontallyspreadout.Thesecretarymi ghtthinA he’s inchargeofhisagency.Butthechairmanofthecongressionalcommitteefundingthatagencyfeelsthesame.Inhisfamousstudy“Presidenti alPowerandtheModern Presidents,”Richard NeustadteGplainshowlittlep owerthepresidentactuallyhasandconcludesthattheonlylastingpresidentia lpoweris“the powerto persuade.”TaAe Rumseld’s attempttotransformthecold-warmilitaryintoonegearedf orthefuture.It’s innovativebutdeeplythreateningtoalmosteveryoneinWa shington.TheDefensesecretarydidnottrytosellittotheJointChiefsofStaff,C ongress,thebudgetofficeoftheWhiteHouse.Asaresult,theideaiscollapsing.Second,whatpoweryouhave,youmustusecarefully.ForeGample,O’Neill’spositionasTreasurysecretaryisonewithlittleformalauthority.UnliAeFinanc eministersaroundtheworld,Treasurydoesnotcontrolthebudget.Butithassy mbolicpower.ThesecretaryisseenasthechiefeconomicspoAesmanforthea dministrationand,ifheplaysitright,thechiefeconomicadviserforthepreside nt.O’Neillhasbeenpubliclycriticalofthe IMF’s bailoutpacAagesfordevelopi ngcountrieswhileatthesametimeapprovingsuchpacAagesforTurAey,Arge ntinaandBrazil.Asaresult,hehasgottentheworstofbothworlds.Thebailouts continue,buttheireffectinholsteringinvestorconfidenceislimitedbecauset hemarAetsarerattledbyhissAepticism.Perhapsthegovernment doesn’t dobailoutswell.Butthatleadstoathirdrule :you can’t justquit.JacA Welch’s famouslawforre-engineeringGeneralEle ctricwastobefirstorsecondinanygivenproductcategory,orelsegetoutoftha tbusiness.Butifthegovernment isn’t doingaparticularjobatpeaAlevel,itdoesn’t alwayshavetheoptionofrelievingitselfofthatfunction.ThePentagon probablywastesalotofmoney.Butit can’t getoutofthenational-securitybu siness.TheAeytoformerTreasurysecretary Rubin’s successmayhavebeenthathef ullyunderstoodthatbusinessandgovernmentare,inhiswords,“necessarily andproperlyvery different.”In arecentspeechheeGplained,“Business func tionsaroundonepredominateorganizingprinciple,ernme nt,ontheotherhand,dealswithavastnumberofequallylegitimateandoftenp otentiallycompetingobjectives—foreGample,energyproductionversusen vironmentalprotection,orsafetyregulationsversusproductivity.”Rubin’s eGampleshowsthattalentedpeoplecandowellingovernmentifthe yarewillingtotreatitasitsownseparate,seriousendeavour.Buthavingbeenb athedinacultureofadorationandflattery,it’s difficultforaCEOtobelievehen eedstolistenandlearn,particularlyfromthosedespisedandpoorlypaidspeci mens,politicians,bureaucratsandthemedia.AndevenifheAnowsitintellectu ally,hejust can’t livewithit.27.ForaCEOtobesuccessfulingovernment,hehastoA.regardthepresidentastheB.taAeabsolutecontrolofhisC.eGercisemorepowerthanthecongressionalcommitteeD.becomeacquaintedwithitspowerstructure28.Incommentingon O’Neill’s recordasTreasurySecretary,thepassagese emstoindicatethatA.O’NeillhasfailedtousehispowerB.O’NeillpolicieswerewellreceivedC.O’NeillhasbeenconsistentinhisD.O’NeilluncertainaboutthepacAage he’s approved29.Accordingtothepassage,thedifferencesbetweengovernmentandbusin esslieinthefollowingareasEGCEPTA.natureofactivityB.optinofwithdrawalC.legitimacyofactivityD.powerdistribution30.TheauthorseemstosuggestthatCEO-turnedgovernmentofficialsA.areabletofitintotheirnewB.areunliAelytoadapttotheirnewC.canrespondtonewsituationsintelligentlyD.mayfeeluncertainintheirnewposts SECTIONBSAIMMINGANDSCANNING(10Inthissectiontherearesevenpassageswithtenmultiple-choicequestions.SA imorscanthemasrequiredandthenmarAyouranswersonCOLOREDANSWE RSHEET.TEGTEFirstreadthequestion.31.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith____intheA.travelingB.bigcitiesC.cybercafesD.inventionsNowgothroughTEGTEquicAlytoanswerquestion31.Planningtoansweryoure-mailwhileonholidayinNewYorA?Thatmaynotbee asy.TheInternetmayhavebeeninventedintheUnitedStates,butAmericaison eoftheleastliAelyplaceswhereatravellermightfindanInternetcafe.“EverymajorcityintheworldhasmorecybercafesthanNewYorA,”says JoieAelly,wh .Thenumbersseemtobearherout:accordingtov ariousdirectories,Londonhasmorethan30,Paris19,Istanbul17,butNewYor Ahasonly8.OtherU.S.citiesfarejustaspoorly:LosAngeleshasabout11,Chica gohas4.“Hereit’s quitehardworAtofindacafe.Iwass urprised,”says Mich aelRobson,asportswriterfromYorA,England,whowasvisiblyrelievedtobech ecAinghise-mailatCyberCafenearNewYorA’s TimesSquare.WhythelacAofplacestoplugin?AmericansenjoyoneofthehighestratesofInt ernetaccessfromworAandhomeintheworld,and they’ve neverreallytaAen tocafes.About80percentof CyberCafe’s clients,forinstance,aretouristsfro moverseas.GreeAtycoonSteliosHajiIoannoualsothinAshighpricesdriveaw stNovemberheoppenedabranchofhisInternet-cafechaineasyEv erythinginTimesSquare.With800terminals,it’s thelargestNetcafeinthewo rld.WhilethetypicalAmericancafecharges$8to$12anhour,easyEverythingc harges$1to4.MarAetingmanagerStephaineEngelsensayshalfthe cafe’s cu stomersarelocals.“We getpolicemen,firemen,nurseswho don’t worAatd esAswithcomputers,actorsbetween auditions.”easyEverything isnowplan ningtoopennewlocationsinHarlem,andpossiblySoHo.Unlessthere’s som eculturalshiftafoot,however,NewYorAwillcontinuetolagbehindmetropolis esfromMeGicoCitytoMoscow.TEGTFFirstreadthequestion.32.InthepassagebelowtheauthorprimarilyattemptstoA.criticizeyogisintheWestB.definewhatyoagC.teachyogaposturesD.eGperimentwithyoga NowgothroughTEGTFquicAlytoanswerquestion32.Mostoftheso-calledyogisintheWestseemtofocusonfigurecorrection,nottr ueawareness.TheymaAestatementsaboutyogabeingforthebody,mindand soul.Butthisisjustsemantics.Asanas(postures),whichgetsuchhugeplayinth eWest,arethesmallestaspectofyoga.Eitheryoupracticeyogaasawholeoryo u don’t.Ifoneispracticingjustforhealth,bettertotaAeupwalAing.Needtocu readisease?Seeadoctor.Yogaisnotaboutfancyasanasorbreathcontrol.Nori sitatherapyoraphilosophy.Yogaisaboutinsideawareness.Itistheprocessof unionoftheselfwiththewhole.YogaisbecomingtheBuddha. YogisareeGperimentalists.IntheWest,scientistsresearchmainlyeGternalph enomena.Yogisfocusontheinside.TheyAnowthattheeGternalworldismaya (illusionary)andeverythinginsideissathya(truth).Inmayaeverythinggoes,b utifyouAnowyourselfnothinggoes.TheWesttendstopracticeonlywhatwec allculturalasanasthatfocusontheeGternal.We don’t practiceasanasjustto becomefit.Indianyogishavediscovered8.4millionsuchpostures.Itisessentia ltotrainourbodiestofindthemostcomfortableposethatwecansitinforhours. Beyondthatthereisnoroleforphysicalyoga. Basicallyyogaismadeupoftwoparts:(eGternalyoga)and(internalyoga).TheWestpracticesonlytheformer.Itneedstoenterint o yoga.AfterthatbeginsthetriptotheunAnownwherethemast ermaAesthestudentgraduallyawareateverystage,whereyouAnowthatyou arenotthebodyorthemindandnoteventhesoul.Thatiswhenyougetthefirstt asteof A orenlightenment.Itisthesenseoftheopeningofthesilence,thesensewhereyouloseyourselfandarehappydoingit,whereforthefirstti meyouregohasmergedwiththesuperconsciousness.Youfeelyounolongere Gist,foryouhavewalAedintothevalleyofdeath.AndifyoustartwalAingmorea ndmoreinthisvalley,youbecomefreer.TEGTGFirstreadthequestion.33.The reviewer’s commentsonHenryA issinger’s newbooAarebasically_A.negativeB.noncommittalC.unfoundedD.positiveNowgothroughTEGTGquicAlytoanswerquestion33.WhateveryouthinAofHenryAissinger,youhavetoadmit:themanhasstaying power.WithanewbooA—AmericaNeedaForeign—onthes helves,AissingerisonceagainhelpingtoshapeAmericanthinAingonforeignr elations.ThisisthesiGthdecadeinwhichthatstatementcanbesaidtobetrue.A issinger’s newbooAisterrific.PlainlyintendedasaneGtendedtutorialonp olicyforthenewAmericanAdministration,itisfullofgoodsenseandstuddedw ithoccasionalinsightsthatwillhavereadersnoddingtheirheadsinsilentagree ment.AparticularlygoodchapteronAsiarebuAesanyonewhounthinAinglya ssignsChinatheroleonceplayedbytheSovietUnionasthenaturalantagonist oftheU.S.A issinger’s booAcanalsobereadinanother,andmoreilluminating,light.Itis, inessence,aneGtendedmeditationontheendofaparticularwayoflooAingat theworld:onewheretheprincipalactorsininternationalrelationsarenation-states,pursuingtheirconceptionoftheirownnationalinterest,andinwhichthe basicruleofforeignpolicyisthatonenationdoesnotinterveneintheinternalaf fairsofanother.Studentsofinternationalrelationscallthisthe“Westphaliansystem,”after t he1648PeaceofWestphaliathatended Europe’s ThirtyYearsWar,atimeofin describablecarnagewagedinthenameofcompetingreligions.Thetreatiesth atendedthewarputdomesticarrangements—liAereligion—offlimitstooth erstates.Inthe war’s aftermatharough-rand-readycommitmenttoabalanc eofpoweramongneighbourstooAshape.Aissingerisanotedshcoolofthebal anceofpower.Andheissuspiciousofattemptstomeddleintheinternalbusine ssofothers.YetAissingerisfartoosophisticatedtoattempttorecreateaworldthatis lost.“Tod ay,”hewrites,“te Westphalianorderisinsystematic crisis.”In particular ,nation-statesarenolongerthesoledriversoftheinternationalsystem.Insom ecases,groupsofstates—liAetheEuropeanUnionorMercosur—havedevelo pedtheirownidentitiesandagendas.Economicglobalizationhasbothblurre dtheboundariesbetweennationsandgivenasubstantialinternationalroleto thosegiantcompaniesforwhomsuchboundariesmaAelittlesense.Intoday ’s world,individualscanbeasinfluentialasnations;futurehistoriansmaycon siderthesupportforpublichealthoftheBillandMelindaGatesFoundationtob emorenoteworthythanlastweeA’s UnitedNationsconferenceonAIDS.And alargenumberofinstitutionsarepremisedontheassumptionthatinterventio nintheinternalaffairsofothersisoftendesirable.Werethatnotthecase,Slobo danMilosevicwouldnothavebeensurrenderedlastweeAtothejurisdictionofthewarcrimestribunalintheHague. Theconsequencesofthesechangesareprofound.Aissingerisrighttonotetha tglobalizationhasunderminedtheroleofthenation-statelessinthecaseofth eU.S.(Why?Because it’s morepowerfulthananyoneelse.)Elsewhere,theold waysofthinAingaboutthe“nationalinterest”—thatguidinglightoftheWe stphaliansystem—havefeweradherentsthantheyoncedid.TEGTHFirstreadthequestion.34.InthepassagetheauthoreGpresseshisconcernaboutA.thesurvivalofsmalllanguagesB.globalizationinthepost-ColdWareraC.present-daytechnologicalprogressD.ecologicalimblance NowgothroughTEGTHquicAlytoanswerquestion34.Duringthepastcentury,duetoavarietyoffactors,morethan1000oftheworld ’s languageshavedisappeared,anditispossibletoforeseeatime,perhaps10 0yearsfromnow,whenabouthalfof today’s6000languageswilleitherbede adordying.ThisstartlingrateoflinguisticeGtinctionispossiblebecause96percentofthe world’s languagesarenowspoAenonlyby4percentofthe world’s populati on.Globalizationinthepost-ColdWarerahaswitnessedthecomingoftheinform ationage,whichhasplayedanimportantroleinpromotingeconomicco-oper ationbutwhichhas,atthesametime,helpedfacilitatetheassimilationofsmall。
2003年到2012年英语专八口试Task Three(Topic)话题汇总
2003年到2012年英语专八口试Task Three(Topic)话题汇总Task Three: Making a comment on a given topicDirections: Please read the following passage carefully and then express your views on the given event. You will have four minutes for preparation. The time limit for your comment is three minutes.2003China’s Employment Market Challenging by More Graduates With the expansion of enrollment in China’s higher education institutions that began in 1999, the employment market is now flooded with university graduates. Despite these huge increases in the number of students, statistics show that the percentage of China’s population that has received higher education is only around 5 percent of the nation’s total, lagging far behind the developed countries. Undoubtedly, as more and more people receive higher education, today’s university and college students will face increasingly intense competition in the market.2004Suggestions for the 2008 Beijing OlympicsAs soon as the curtain came down on the 28th Olympic Games in Athens, the world’s focus shifted east to Beijing. The Olympics can be seen as a way for a nation to exhibit itself to the world. Beijing is now busy preparing itself to hold the Olympic Games. What suggestions can you offer to the Olympic organizing committee to ensure a successful 29th Olympic Games?2005Should firecrackers and fireworks be allowed during the Spring Festival?In many big cities, firecrackers and fireworks have been banned for a number of years because of safety and environmental concerns. Recently, however, some people have suggested that the government should lift the ban during the Spring Festival because, in their opinion, firecrackers and fireworks are an integral part of the traditional Chinese New Year celebration and, without them, the Spring Festival lacksa true festival atmosphere. Some cities have thus lifted the ban but many others have not. Suppose you were the mayor of a big city, where people’s views on this issue could not be reconciled. What do you think the government should do? Please give reasons to support your ideas.2006Pets or not?Nowadays more and more city residents like to keep pet and dogs at home. However, some people think pet breeding should be forbidden or at least discouraged in urban areas. What is your opinion? Why?2007Low Salaries for College GraduatesIn recent years, with competition in the job market getting more and more intense, college graduates are lowering their salary expectations in order to gain employment opportunities. Statistics show that one third of graduates are willing to accept a salary of about 1,000 RMB per month if they cannot find better jobs while two-thirds are not. Do you think college graduates should take low-paying jobs when satisfactory jobs are not available? Why or why not?2008The “Car Free Day” Campaign in ChinaEvery September 22 is a “Car Free Day” in many countries around the world. Chengdu, capital of southeast China’s Sichuan Province, pioneered China’s first “Car Free Day” on October 14, 2000. So far, over 100 Chinese cities have responded positively to the “Car Free Day” idea. Residents of these cities are urged to take public tra nsport, ride bikes or walk instead of using their cars. Do you think this “Car Free Day” campaign is meaningful?2009Should theWeek-long Labor Day Holiday be Resumed?Since 1999, Chinese people have enjoyed three week-long holidays (or so-called “golden weeks”): the Lunar New Year, the Labor Day holiday, and the National Day holiday. However, in 2008, the government shortened the Labor Day Golden Week to athree-day holiday and added three new holidays to celebrate the Qingming, Duanwu, and Autumn Festivals. Recently, there have been calls for resuming the week-long Labor Day holiday. Do you think the Labor Day Golden Week should be resumed?2010Talents Show Fever in ChinaFrom Super Girls to Happy Boys, from Hero to China’s got Talent, talent shows are getting increasingly popular among China’s national and local TV programs. These shows feature ordinary Chinese ---schoolteachers to housewives, teenagers to senior citizens--- and showcase their talents in singing, dancing, doing magic or imitating celebrities, and some of them can become stars overnight. However, the talent shows are also considered vulgar and as having negative influence on society. Some people even suggest they should be banned or at least be discouraged. What is your opinion? Why?2011The future of nuclear powerSince the Fukushima nuclear accident caused by the earthquake and tsunami in Japan in March 2011, the safety of nuclear power plants and the development of nuclear energy have raised global concerns. Opposition to atomic reactor construction has mounted throughout the world. Switzerland froze plans to build new nuclear plants. Germany raised questions about its nuclear future. Yet some people insist the development of the global nuclear power industry should not be slowed despite its safety risks. Do you agree? Why?2012A Gold Medal’s Worth in ChinaA gold medal awarded at the London Olympics has a material value of about $650 (approximately 4000 RMB). But in China, Olympic gold medalists may reap rewards that amount to several million RMB. Do you think that Olympic gold medal winners should receive such high rewards? Why?。
2003年英语专业八级试题答案及详细解说
2003年英语专业八级试题答案及详细解说答案与详解PAPER ONEPART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALK1．答案：B【问句译文】根据该谈话内容，关于办公室的下列哪一种说法是不正确的？【试题分析】本题为细节题，可用排除法解答。
【详细解答】由谈话中提到的“Let‟s first take a l ook of the offices，the physical surroundings of most modern companies，especially offices are becoming more and more similar．”可知“全球的办公室基本上是一样的”故可排除选项A；根据听到的“this is the feature that．．．，may be dependent on the size of the company”和“．．．modem companies pay special attention to the physical surrounding，in order to create an atmosphere conducive to higher working efficiency．”可知，办公环境设置与公司规模有一定联系并影响着工作人员的办公效率，可排除选项C和D。
只有选项B不合题意，故为正确答案。
2．答案：A【问句译文】由谈话可以推知，和谐的工作关系对你的什么产生直接的影响？【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】由谈话中提到的“．．．particularly as the management‟s assessment of how are you performing can be crucial to your future career．”可知，工作表现会直接影响到未来的事业，故选项A promotion(提升，晋级)为正确答案。
提高翻译水平的关键——扎实的双语功底——2003年英语专业八级考试英译汉..
提高翻译水平的关键——扎实的双语功底——2003年英语专业八级考试英译汉试卷评析山东外语教学ShandongForL.gnLad'tg~eTeachingJourna/2OO4年第1期(总第98期)提高翻译水平的关键扎实的双语功底2003年英语专业八级考试英译汉试卷评析郭超英(山东大学外国语学院,山东济南250100)摘要:2003年英语专业八级英译汉试卷反映出考生的双语基础不扎实这一突出问题.本文通过对试卷中出现的错误进行分析,指出双语功底差是理解有误和表达不妥的主要原因;因此加强双语基本功是提高翻译水平的关键.关键词:英语专业八级考试英译汉;理解;表达中图分类号:H315.9文献标识码:A文章编号:1002.2643(2004)01.0074—03英语专业八级考试的目的是检查国家教委《高等学校英语专业高年级英语教学大纲》的执行情况,特别是大纲所规定的八级水平所要达到的综合语言技能和交际能力,籍以促进大纲的进一步贯彻,提高教学质量.其中的英译汉测试要求应试者能够运用翻译的理论和技巧,翻译英美报刊杂志上有关政治,经济,历史,文化等方面的论述文以及文学原着的节录.译文要求忠实原意,语言流畅.2003年英译汉试题为近160个词两段落的一篇短文,要求在30分钟内完成.原文如下:Inhisclassicnovel,"ThePioneers",JamesFenimoreCooperhashishem,alanddeveloper,takehiscousinonatourofthecity heisbuilding.Hedescribesthebroadstreets,rOWSofhouses,a teemingmetropofis.Buthiscousinlooksaroundbewildered,Allshe seesisaforest."Wherearethebeautiesandimprovementswhich youweretoshowme?"sheasksHe'Sastonishedshecan'tsee them."Where!Whyeverywhere,"hereplies.Forthoughtheyare notyetbuiltonearth,hehasbuilttheminhismind,andtheyare asconcretetohimas江theywerealreadyconstructedandfinished. CooperWasillustratingadistinctlyAmericantrait,future—mindedness:theabilitytoseethepresentfromthevantagepointof thefuture;thefreedomtofeelunencumberedbythepastandmore emotionallyattachedtothingstocome,AsAlbertEinsteinonce said,"LifefortheAmericanisalwaysbecoming,neverbeing''第一段句子结构不复杂,多为常见句式;用词简练,多为常用词汇.表达的内容具体,清晰,易懂.第二段由两句组成,第一句尽管是一个简单句,但却是一个长句,有较长的名词短语.两句中的抽象词汇多,理解,表达难.因此尽管第二段篇幅不长,但无论是理解还是表达都有相当大的难度,此段为短文的重点,难点.笔者参加了今年的英译汉阅卷工作,就应试者的翻译情收稿时间:2003-09-15作者简介:郭超英,副教授.研究方向:翻译理论与实践,翻译教学.74况来看,尽管第一段相对容易,但出错率还是较高,出乎意料.第二段更是译得五花八门,错误不断.笔者在紧张的阅卷之余,摘录了应试者的许多典型错误,拟从理解与表达两个方面进行分析,旨在找出普遍存在的问题,以引起足够的重视,有助于以后的八级备考以及英译汉教学.一个好的译者必须具备扎实的双语语言功底,它是从事翻译的前提和基础,是正确理解原文和通顺地表达原文的保证.从试卷的情况来看,译文的错误大多与语言的功底较差有关,这方面存在的问题相当突出,不容乐观.1.0英语基础不扎实从试卷情况来看,由于词汇掌握不好,句子结构分析有误,加上相关背景知识缺乏,因而造成理解错误,这一问题相当普遍.即便是常用的词汇,简单的句式也会出现理解错误,这反映出学生的英语基础不牢这一突出问题.1.1词汇量小英语专业学生经过四年的专业训练,应具有相当的词汇量,常用词更不应该有问题.但从答题情况来看,有的考生词汇量小,词义掌握不好,因此导致错误的译文.例如:clas—sic意为"经典的",但有学生依据该词的拼写与class相近,就把classicnovel译成"阶级小说",还有的译成"古典小说","传统小说".cousin的词义范围宽,意为"堂兄,堂弟,堂姐,堂妹,表兄,表弟,表姐,表妹",指八个人.依据下文的代词she,可译为"堂姐,堂妹,表姐,表妹"中的任何一位.但就是这样一个常用词却有相当一部分考生不知其意,有的译作"侄子,侄女","外甥,外甥女";还有的译作"婶婶","亲戚","兄弟姐妹";更有甚者译成"妻子,爱人,新娘"等.有的译为"堂表姐妹",可谓准确,但短文中只指一人,遇到这种情况,考生就不知道如何选择词义.bewilder一词因受词形的影响,有的考生就望文生义地将它译作"疯狂的","野性般的";还有的译为"漠不关心", "不感兴趣","十分麻木"等.就连reply这样的常用词也会把词义搞错,译作"重复道".有的学生把trait(特征)同strait,traitor,tribe混为一谈,译成"海峡","叛徒","部落".把Dr_ esent同parent混在一起,"目前"就译成了"父母".teem,metropolis这两个词虽不及以上词汇常用,但作为英语专业学生应并不陌生,但是译错的却占了相当的比例.例如,译作"散发生机的油田","宏伟的教堂","一支训练有素的军队","先进的交通设施","成行的柏树"等,五花八门,各种译法不下几十种,源于不熟悉这两个词的词义.1.2多义词选义有误考生对英语词的多义性认识不足,词义掌握单一,缺乏语境和语篇意识,不能根据上下文正确地选择词义.hero一词在词典中的释义为"1)personwhoisadmiredby manyforhisnoblequalitiesorhisbravery英雄;2)chiefmalechar—aeterinastory,play,poem,etc(小说,戏剧,诗歌等中的)男主人公".不少考生选择了熟悉的词义"英雄",而不是根据上下文正确地选择"男主人公"这个词义.beauty意为"personorthingthatisbeautiful美丽的人或事物",短文的上下文清楚无误地显示beauty指的是"美好的事物",而非指人.但就有考生译为"美女",丝毫不考虑短文的语境.concrete一词作为形容词意为"existinginmaterialformthat canbetouched,felt,etc.以物质形式存在的,具体的";作为名词,它指"混凝土".有考生没有根据上下文及句子结构判断concrete的词类,错误地选择了它作为名词的词义,将concrete 译成"混凝土建筑".present是多义词,可指"thetimenowpassing当前,目前";还可指"thingsivenorreceivedasagift礼物,赠品".从上下文可清楚地看出这里应选择"当前,目前",而有的考生竟然无视上下文把"山eabilitytoseethepresentfromthevantagepointof thefuture"译成"从未来看到礼物的能力".life也是一个多义词,既指"生命",又指"生活"等.在短文的最后一句,life一词应选择"生活",这是依据句子提供的语境确定的.而有的考生不了解英语词汇的多义性特点,不了解多义词词义的确定依赖上下文,因而简单地选择了"生命",把这一句译成"美国人的生命一直在到来,但还未实现".1.3句子理解有误英语基础扎实,能正确地分析句法结构,这是正确理解句子的保证.有的考生语法知识欠缺,因而句子分析有误,导致错误理解和表达. Inhisclassicnovel,"ThePioneers",JamesFenimoreCooper hashishero,alanddeveloper,takehiscousinonatourofthecity heisbuilding.这是短文的第一句,alanddeveloper是hishero的同位语,有考生却错误地把它理解为Cooper的同位语,因而误译为"库柏是一个土地开发商".has虽是个常用词,看起来很简单,但译好却不易,译错的不少.主要是因为没有从上下文很好地把握它在句中的确切的含义,在这里has意为"arrange thatsbdoessth",因此应译为"库柏记述了主人公……".有考生误译为"库柏是主人公","古柏有它的英雄","视他自己为英雄","被塑造成了一个英雄"等,误译源于对has的错误理解.更有考生把takehiscousin的逻辑主语理解为cooper,a landdeveloper理解为hiscousin的同位语,hishero理解为a landdeveloper的同位语,整句译作"库柏在他的小说《先锋》中带着他的堂妹,一个土地开发商,他心目中的英雄,到他在建造的城市游览".这样整个句子的理解与表达都错了.对句子的正确理解还取决于对文章主题的正确把握.这篇文章的主题是通过举例说明了美国人独有的特征:超前意识.CooperWasillustratingadistinctlyAmericantrait,future—mind—edness:theabilitytoseethepresentfromthevantagepointofthe future;thefreedomtofeelunencumberedbythepastandmoreemo—tionallyattachedtothingstocome.此句无论是理解还是表达都有相当大的难度.句中抽象词汇,生词多,象是trait,illustrate,future-mindedness,vaJl rage,unencumbered,attach等;尤其是future-mindedness后的几个短语,长且难懂.如果考生不能很好地把握原文的主题,不能依靠上下文判断,确定词义,就很容易产生错误的理解. trait意为"特征","特点";但有考生全然不顾上下文,硬把a distinctlyAmericantrait译为"在美国有一个很明显的海峡",甚至译为"(库柏在说明)美国的叛徒".illustrate意为"explainor nlakes山clearbyexamples说明,阐明",有考生没有从文章的主题来把握词义,把句子的前半部分误译为"库柏是一位美国超现实主义者,典型的预想家","库柏是一个美国具有未来意向的特殊的典型事例".同样地,对futuremindedness后的短语的正确理解与表达也取决于对短文主题的正确把握, 只有把握好主题,才能轻松地,正确地理解其含义;不考虑主题,只能是盲目地乱译.例如有考生译为"从当前看到未来发展的能力,这个自由是不受过去妨碍的,情感化地与未来联系起来";还有的译为"能从过去及能感知的将来中去感受不被约束的自由";"对过去感到的一种自由和更多地涉及到将要发生的事情的感悟".1.4背景知识欠缺缺乏有关的背景知识是影响对原文的正确理解的一个重要的,不容忽视的原因.不少考生根本不知道JamesFeni moreCooper是美国的着名作家,不了解他生活的年代及他的代表作"Pioneers",因此乱译作家名及其代表作,把JamesFen imoreCooper译作"吉姆斯?芬尼毛-古波";把"Pioneers"译成"先锋队","前沿者","志愿者","青年一代"等.因不了解小说的时代背景,因此把landdeveloper译为"新兴的地主阶级成员","城市建设者","陆地开采者".文中提到了AlbertEinstein,对这位着名的科学家有的考生一无所知.因此乱译为"伊恩斯坦","恩斯登",甚至译成"爱迪生","易生".这些乱译反映出考生文学等知识缺乏,因而影响了对原文的理解.2.0汉语的表达不当影响译文质量的原因除对原文的理解有误外,还有汉语的表达欠妥.尽管汉语是母语,但表达不当的问题依然突出.考生不能正确地遣词造句,使译文符合汉语的表达习75惯.2.1搭配不当不注意汉语的搭配习惯,如将"...takehiscousin(mat0ur0fthecityheisbuilding."译作"把表妹引入到在去他要建的城市的旅途中".把"JamesFenimoreCooperhashisherO,..."译作"库柏把主人公设置为……","库柏设置了一个英雄".把teemingmetropolis译为"迷人的地铁",把metropolis译成"地铁"是译词有误,用"迷人的"修饰"地铁"是搭配不当.2.2逻辑不通译文不符合原文的语境,造成文理不通.如将"Whereal'ethebeautiesandimprovementswhichyouweretoshowme?"译作"你要带我看的美人和进步在哪里?","你要带我看的美丽仙境和改良工事在哪里?""美人和进步","美丽仙境和改良工事"这两种译法都与原文语境不相符.还有把"Forthough theyarenotyetbuiltonea~1h,hehasbuilttheminhismind…"译作"虽然这些还未出现在地表/陆地上,但他已在思想中建成."把future—mindedness译作"未来思想法","未来思想的看守者","未来的观点".2.3用词不当考生能较正确地理解原文,但却不能很好地表达,源于汉语表达能力差.如:"moreemotionallyattachedtothingsto come"译成"情感化地依附于未来的事情",译文受原文字面的影响因而让人费解.在透彻理解原文的基础上要摆脱原词语的约束,考虑一下汉语如何表达才能把原文的意思恰当地表现出来,这里译成"更加亲近未来"译文就易懂了.短文的最后一句AsAlbertEinsteinoncesaid,"Lifeforthe Americanisalwaysbecoming,neverbeing."译成"生活对美国人总是正在生成,不是现成的","生活对美国人是不断形成,但总是形不成",这些译文都让人感到费解.2.4不注意词的褒贬有的考生不考虑原文的感情色彩,在译文中不恰当地使用褒义或贬义词.例如,Cooperwasillustratingadistinctly Americantrait,future—mindedness."库柏说明了美国人的进取心(优点,远见卓识,胸怀远大,深谋远虑)."这里褒义词使用不当;还有考生用贬义词"空想","未来狂想/幻想","展望症"译future—IIIindedness也属不当;应使用中性词"超前意识","展望未来".考生在表达中出现的其它问题还有:乱译人名,漏译,错别字等.许多考生不知道人名翻译应注意的问题,自以为可随意去译或省略不译.在翻译着名人物的名字时,要采用约定俗成的译名,以避免引起误解.在翻译普通人的名字时,要采用音译,要避免使用含有明显褒贬意味的字或引起歧义的字.在这篇短文中提到了美国着名的作家JamesFemimor Cooper和着名的科学家AlbertEinstein,在译这两个人名时,要采用约定俗成的译名"詹姆斯?费尼摩尔?库柏"和"埃尔伯特爱因斯坦".如果实在记不清或不知道约定俗成的译名,可自己音译,但要注意不是随便地用什么字去译都可以,像下面这些译法显然不可取,把Cooper译成"裤博","琥珀","科普","刻薄","扣坡儿","古巴"等.漏译现象也较普遍,象不少考生漏译"Buthiscousinlooks aroundbewildered."一句中的"lookaround".再有就是错别字, 许多考生不注意这个问题,把"经典"写成"精典",把"漂亮"写成"飘亮",把"一成不变"写成"一尘/层不变"等.从以上错误分析可看出英语专业学生的双语水平还有待提高,双语基本功差是理解有误和表达不妥的主要原因. 缺乏语篇和语境意识导致多义词词义选择不当,背景知识的缺乏更加影响到对原文的正确理解与表达.因此,若想取得翻译测试的好成绩,考生必须有坚实的双语基本功做保证,这是最根本的,不容忽视的.另外,要加强对两种文化的了解,扩大知识面,增加自身的文化积累.再有,通过各种题材的篇章翻译练习,能熟练灵活地运用各种翻译方法和技巧,要有语篇和语境意识,牢牢记住"Nocon—text,notext"这一原则,翻译教学应在以上几个方面引导学生,帮助他们尽快提高翻译水平.参考译文:詹姆斯?费尼莫尔?库柏在其经典小说《拓荒者》中,记述了主人公——一位土地开发商——带着表妹游览一座他将要建造的城市的情景.他向表妹描绘了宽阔的街道,成排的房屋,一座熙熙攘攘的大都市.然而,表妹环顾四周,却深表困惑,她所看见的只是一片森林.她问:"你要给我看的美景和改观在哪里?"他很惊讶她竟然看不到.他回答道,"哪里?!到处都是嘛!"因为尽管他还没有把它们真正地建成,但他早已在脑海里构想好了,它们对他来说如此的具体真实仿佛早已建成完工.库柏在这里揭示了一种美国人独有的特征,超前意识:他们能够站在未来的高度来看现在的一切;能够摆脱过去的束缚而更加亲近未来.正如埃尔伯特?爱因斯坦曾经说过的那样:"对美国人来说,生活总是进取,而非守成."参考文献[1]邹申.高校英语专业八级考试大纲(修订本)[z].上海:上海外语教育出版社,l997.[2]朱嫣华.高校英语专业八级考试指南[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,1995.SolidLinguisticFoundation:KeyToG伽dTranslation—CommentsontheTEM一8(2003)English—to-ChineseTranslationGUOChao-ying(EnglishDepartment.FacultyofForeignLanguage.ShandongUniversity.Jinan250013,Ch ina)Abstract:ThelackofsolidEnglishandChinesefoundationistheproblemintheEnglish—to-Chinesetranslationsproducedintheyear2003bycandidatesoftheEighth—bandTestForEnglishMajors(TEM一8).Basedontheanalysisoftheproblemsdetectedinthetranslations(2003)donebyTEM一8candidates,thearticlepointsoutthatthelackofsolidlinguisticfoundationleadstowrongco mprehensionandimproperexpression.ThereforestrengtheningthelinguisticfoundationoftheEnglishmajorsisthekey totheimprovementoftranslation.Keywords:Eishth—bandTestforEnglishmajors(TEM一8)English—to-ChineseTranslation;comprehension;expression76。
2003年专业英语八级考试试题（3）
TEXT Ｂ I was just a boy when my father brought me to Harlem for the first time, almost 50 years ago. We stayed at the Hotel Theresa, a grand brick structure at 125th Street and Seventh Avenue. Once, in the hotel restaurant, my father pointed out Joe Louis. He even got Mr. Brown, the hotel manager, to introduce me to him, a bit paunchy but still the champ as far as I was concerned. Much has changed since then. Business and real estate are booming. Some say a new renaissance is under way. Others decry what they see as outside forces running roughshod over the old Harlem. New York meant Harlem to me, and as a young man I visited it whenever I could. But many of my old haunts are gone. The Theresa shut down in 1966. National chains that once ignored Harlem now anticipate yuppie money and want pieces of this prime Manhattan real estate. So here I am on a hot August afternoon, sitting in a Starbucks that two years ago opened a block away from the Theresa, snatching at memories between sips of high-priced coffee. I am about to open up a piece of the old Harlem- the New York Amsterdam News—when a tourist asking directions to Sylvia’s, a prominent Harlem restaurant, penetrates my daydreaming. He’s carrying a book: Touring Historic Harlem. History. I miss Mr. Michaux’s bookstore, his House of Common Sense, which was across from the Theresa. He had a big billboard out front with brown and black faces painted on it that said in large letters: "World History Book Outlet on2,000,000,000 Africans and Nonwhite Peoples." An ugly state office building has swallowed that space. I miss speaker like Carlos Cooks, who was always on the southwest comer of 125th and Seventh, urging listeners to support Africa. Harlem’s powerful political electricity seems unplugged-although the sweets are still energized, especially by West African immigrants. Hardworking southern newcomers formed the bulk of the community back in the 1920s and’30s, when Harlem renaissance artists, writers, and intellectuals gave it a glitter and renown that made it the capital of black America. From Harlem, W.E.B. DuBois, Langston Hughes, Paul Robeson, Zora Neal Hurston, and others helped power America’s cultural influence around the world. By the 1970s and ’80s drugs and crime had ravaged parts of the community. And the life expectancy for men in Harlem was less than that of men in Bangladesh. Harlem had become a symbol of the dangers of inner-city life. Now, you want to shout “Lookin’ good!” at this place that has been neglected for so long. Crowds push into Harlem USA, a new shopping centre on 125th, where a Disney store shares space with HMV Records, the New York Sports Club, and a nine-screen Magic Johnson theatre complex. Nearby, a Rite Aid drugstore also opened. Maybe part of the reason Harlem seems to be undergoing a rebirth is that it is finally getting what most people take for granted. Harlem is also part of an “empowerment zone”—a federal designation aimed at fostering economic growth that will bring over half a billion in federal, state, and local dollars. Just the shells of once elegant old brownstones now can cost several hundred thousand dollars. Rents are skyrocketing. An improved economy, tougher law enforcement, and community efforts against drugs have contributed to a 60 percent drop in crime since 1993. 19. At the beginning the author seems to indicate that Harlem A. has remained unchanged all these years. B. has undergone drastic changes. C. has become the capital of Black America. D. has remained a symbol of dangers of inner-city life. 20. When the author recalls Harlem in the old days, he has a feeling of A. indifference. B, discomfort. C. delight.D. nostalgia. 21. Harlem was called the capital of Black America in the 1920s and ’30s mainly because of its A. art and culture. B. immigrant population. C. political enthusiasm.’ D. distinctive architecture. 22. From the passage we can infer that, generally speaking, the author A. has strong reservations about the changes. B. has slight reservations about the changes, C. welcomes the changes in Harlem. D. is completely opposed to the changes. TEXT C The senior partner, Oliver Lambert, studied the resume for the hundredth time and again found nothing he disliked about Mitchell Y. McDeere, at least not on paper. He had the brains, the ambition, the good looks. And he was hungry; with hisbackground, he had to be. He was married, and that was mandatory. The firm had never hired an unmarried lawyer, and it frowned heavily on divorce, as well as womanizing and drinking. Drug testing was in the contract. He had a degree in accounting, passed the CPA exam the first time he took it and wanted to be a tax lawyer, which of course was a requirement with a tax firm. He was white, and the firm had never hired a black. They managed this by being secretive and clubbish and never soliciting job applications. Other firms solicited, and hired blacks. This firm recruited, and remained lily white. Plus, the firm was in Memphis, and the top blacks wanted New York or Washington or Chicago. McDeere was a male, and there were no women in the firm. That mistake had been made in the mid-seventies when they recruited the number one grad from Harvard, who happened to be a she and a wizard at taxation. She lasted four turbulent years and was killed in a car wreck. He looked good, on paper. He was their top choice. In fact, for this year there were no other prospects. The list was very short. It was McDeere, or no one. The managing partner, Royce McKnight, studied a dossier labeled "Mitchell Y. McDeere-Harvard." An inch thick with small print and a few photographs; it had been prepared by some ex-CIA agents in a private intelligence outfit in Bethesda. They were clients of the firm and each year did the investigating for no fee. It was easy work, they said, checking out unsuspecting law students. They learned, for instance, that he preferred to leave the Northeast, that he was holding three job offers, two in New York and one in Chicago, and that the highest offer was $76,000 and the lowest was $68,000. He was in demand. He had been given the opportunity to cheat on a securities exam during his second year. He declined, and made the highest grade in the class. Two months ago he had been offered cocaine at a law school party. He said no and left when everyone began snorting. He drank an occasional beer, but drinking was expensive and he had no money. He owed close to $23,000 in student loans. He was hungry. Royce McKnight flipped through the dossier and smiled. McDeere was their man. Lamar Quin was thirty-two and not yet a partner. He had been brought along to look young and act young and project a youthful image for Bendini, Lambert & Locke, which in fact was a young firm, since most of the partners retired in their late forties or early fifties with money to bum. He would make partner in this firm. With a six-figure income guaranteed for the rest of his life, Lamar could enjoy the twelve-hundred-dollar tailored suits that hung so comfortably from his tall, athletic frame. He strolled nonchalantly across the thousand-dollar-a-day suite and poured another cup of decaf. He checked his watch. He glanced at the two partners sitting at the small conference table near the windows. Precisely at two-thirty someone knocked on the door. Lamar looked at the parmers, who slid the resume and dossier into an open briefcase. All three reached for their jackets. Immar buttoned his top button and opened the door.。
2003-2013年专八口语真题及答案
April 2003)Directions: Please do not do interpreting when you listen to the speech this time.The Speech by a World Bank Group Official at the 2002 Western China International Economy and Trade FairGovernor Zhang, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen,1 am delighted to be here this morning to open the Western China International Economy and Trade Fair. I would like to thank the Peoples Government of Sichuan for inviting us to attend this important event where government leaders from Beijing and twelve other provinces meet to discuss strategies for developing China’s Western Region.This event reflects the strong commitment of the Government and the people of China to develop its Western Regions. I am very impressed with the enthusiasm and determination demonstrated not only by the public sector but also by the increasing level of private sector interest in supporting the Western development goals set forth by the government.The purpose of my current visit to China is to assess recent economic developments in China and to discuss with senior leaders of the Government the World Bank Groups assistance strategy for China after its accession to the WTO. 1 started my visit two days ago in the western province of Yunnan and have now come to Sichuan. I have seen good examples of how the World Bank Grow up can offer assistance to the Government and the private sector to develop China’s West. There are 11 provinces, autonomous regions and one municipality in west China, with a total area of about 6.8 million square kilometers and a population of 364 million. The government’s desire to accelerate the development of the western provinces is vital to the success of achieving a sustained growth for China in the long run. There are also challenges, however, that should not be overlooked. These include continue efforts to create and improve the business environment. But 1 am confident that these challenges will be met.In closing，I would like to thank the Government of Sichuan for its support to the World Bank and IFC operations in Sichuan. We look forward to working with all of you to contribute to the development of China’s West and to improve people’s lives in this important part of the country.Thank you!Directions: Now listen again. Please begin interpreting when you hear a beep.1.The purpose of my current visit to China is to evaluate recent economic developments in China, and discuss with Chinese leaders the World Bank Group’s assistance strategy for China after its entry into the WTO.2.I started my visit two days ago in the western province of Yunnan and have now come to Sichuan. 1 have seen good examples of how the World Bank Group can offer assistance to the Government and the private sectors to develop China’s West.3.There are 11 provinces, autonomous regions and one municipality in west China, with a total area of about 6.8 million square kilometers and a population of 364 million.4.The Government's desire to accelerate the development of the western provinces is vital to the success of achieving a sustained growth for China in the long run.5.There are also challenges, however, that should not be overlooked These include continued efforts to create and improve the business environment. But I am confident that these challenges will be met.Task Two: Interpreting from Chinese into EnglishDirections: Please do not do interpreting when you listen to the speech this time.阳光国际展览中心副总经理在举办2002年中国（阳光）国际乐器展览新闻发布会上的讲话各位来宾、新闻界的朋友：下午好！首先，请允许我代表阳光国际展览中心有限公司向出席今天新闻发布会的各位来宾表示热烈的欢迎和衷心的感谢！国际乐器业界的盛人聚会一MUSIC CHINA中国(阳光)国际浓器展览会将于2002年10月16日-19日在阳光国际展览中心隆重开幕。
英语专业八级考试
英语专业八级TEM8英语专业八级考试(TEM-8，Test for English Majors-Band 8)，全称为全国高校英语专业八级考试。
自1991年起由中国大陆教育部实行，考察全国综合性大学英语专业学生。
英语专业八级考试是由高等学校外语专业教学指导委员会主办的(非教育部主办)。
它在每年的三月份举办一次，考试在上午进行，题型包括听力、阅读、改错、翻译和写作。
考试内容涵盖英语听、读、写、译各方面，2005年又加入人文常识。
笔试形式考核。
口试另外考核，名称为"英语专业八级口语与口译考试"，合格后颁发"英语专业八级口语与口译证书"，但是口试的知名度不够，参加人数也不多，很多英语专业考生都不知道还有专八口试考试。
一、报考条件：1、一般类型的大学中，只有英语专业的学生有资格参加考试，其他专业学生均无报考资格(六级优秀也不行);2、外语类大学中(上外、北外、北二外、西外、广外、天外、大外、川外等)，除了英语语言专业外，其他相关专业可以报考(六级必须达到600分以上)，例如国际贸易、旅游管理等等;3、一般只有在大二报考专四，大四报考专八各一次机会;如果没有通过，第二年可以补考一次，只此一次，必须是在第二年考，不能推迟。
例如2008年上大四的时候考专八没过，2009年可以回毕业学校再补考一次，如果又没过，以后都不能报考了，如果2009年没有参加补考，表示放弃补考机会，以后也不能报考了。
二、考试内容：（一）听力理解 Listening Comprehension1、测试要求a.能听懂交际场合中各种英语会话和讲话。
b.能听懂VOA或BBC节目中有关政治、经济、历史、文化教育、科技等方面的记者现场报道。
c.能听懂有关政治、经济、文化教育、语言文学、科普方面的一般讲座及讲座后的答问。
d.能听懂同样题材的电视时事短片及电视剧。
2、题型听力理解部分包括四个项目：Section A，Section B，Section C与Section D。
2003年英语专八真题
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2003)GRADE EIGHTTIME LIMIT: 195 MINSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note- taking.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about David's personal background?[A] He had excellent academic records at school and university.[B] He was once on a PHD programme at Yale University.[C] He received professional training in acting.[D] He came from a single-parent family.2. David is inclined to believe in .[A] aliens [B] UFOs [C] the TV character [D] government conspiracies3. David thinks he is fit for the TV role because of his .[A] professional training [B] personality [C] life experience [D] appearance4. From the interview, we know that at present David feels .[A] a sense of frustration [B] haunted by the unknown things[C] confident b ut moody [D] successful yet unsatisfied5. How does David feel about the divorce of his parents?[A] He feels a sense of anger. [B] He has a sense of sadness.[C] It helped him grow up. [D] It left no effect on him.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.6. What is the main idea of the news item?[A] US concern over the forthcoming peace talks.[B] Peace efforts by the Palestinian Authority.[C] Recommendations by the Mitchell Commission.[D] Bomb attacks aimed at Israeli civilians.Question 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.7. Some voters will waste their ballots because .[A] they like neither candidate [B] they are all ill-informed[C] the candidates do not differ much [D] they do not want to vote twiceQuestions 8 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.8. According to the UN Human Development Report, which is the best place for women in the world?[A] Canada. [B] The US. [C] Australia. [D] Scandinavia.9. is in the 12th place in overall ranking.[A] Britain [B] France [C] Finland [D] Switzerland10. According to the UN report, the least developed country is .[A] Ethiopia [B] Mali [C] Sierra Leon [D] Central African RepublicIn this section there are five reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AGout is the aristocrat of diseases. Ancient philosophers and physicians attributed it to high living, and it has often afflicted men of exceptional talent. Michelangelo suffered from gout, as did Galileo, Martin Luther, Samuel Johnson, Darwin, Sitting Bull, Theodore Roosevelt and, more recently, Cyrus Vance. Gout was called opprobrium medicorum — the physicians' shame — because so little could be done to treat it. Victims faced excruciating pain, severe crippling and often death from kidney failure. But modern medicine has turned the demon gout into amicus medicorum — the physicians' friend.The typical gout patient is a middle-aged man. Hobbling into the doctor's office, he complains of a severe throbbing pain in a joint. The disease usually strikes the foot, but it can also afflict the knee, ankle, elbow and hand. The spot is so sore, he says, that a bed sheet resting lightly on it, or even the wisp of a breeze, produces almost unbearable agony.One look at the red and swollen toe, hot and full of fluid, tells the physician that he is probably dealing with gout. To confirm the preliminary diagnosis, the doctor draws a sample of fluid from the inflamed spot. Using a microscope, he searches for thin crystals of uric acid, a natural by-product of metabolism that rises to abnormal levels in gout sufferers.Rheumatologists have learned just how the uric-acid crystals create the painful symptoms of gout. A tiny urate crystal, explains New York University's Dr. Gerald Weissman, lodges in a white blood cell near the joint.Eventually, the cell ruptures and dies, releasing toxic enzymes that cause inflammation and searing pain.Relief: The first stage of treatment is to relieve the acute symptoms. Doctors used to prescribe colchicine, an extract of the autumn crocus whose medicinal value was first discovered by the ancient Greeks. But colchicines has unpleasant side effects, including diarrhea and vomiting. So today, most physicians favor indomethacin, a potent painkiller that also reduces swelling and inflammation. Relief from the pain begins almost immediately.The second phase of treatment is prevention. Gout patients are usually put on a lifelong course of daily medication. Small doses of colchicines are given for up to a year, followed by one of two newer drugs: probenicid, which increases the excretion of uric acid from the body, or allopurinol, which inhibits production of uric acid. With these medications, many patients never experience a second attack.The latest research has punctured some of the popular myths about gout. Examples:—Overeating. For centuries, gout was blamed on rich food, and patients were kept on a strict diet. Gluttony cannot cause the disease, but eating certain foods can bring on an attack. Uric acid is produced by the breakdown of substances called purines, which are concentrated in organ meats, sardines, anchovies, scallops and other delicacies. Happily, with proper drugs, the gout victim need not curb his appetite. Advises Dr. Gerald Rodnan of the University of Pittsburgh: "Be merry and take your medicine."— Drinking. Alcohol does block the kidneys' ability to excrete uric acid, but gout patients on medication may imbibe moderately without fear of an attack.—Talent. For mysterious reasons, gout seems to strike the eminent and successful in disproportionate numbers. Studies of soldiers and college students have demonstrated some correlation between high intelligence and high uric-acid levels. "The connection is beyond grandmothers' tales," says Weissman, "but a lot of trivial explanations are possible. Maybe bright people eat more meat or don't urinate as much."11. Today physicians view gout as .[A] a painful and often fatal disease[B] a serious but treatable condition[C] a disease brought on by rich food and too much drink[D] a condition affecting only certain types of people12. A doctor draws a quantity of fluid from a possible gout sufferer to .[A] relieve the swelling [B] check for white blood cells[C] relieve the pain [D] check for uric acid crystals13. To treat the acute symptoms of gout, Colchicine has now fallen out of favour with physicians because it.[A] fails to relieve pain [B] may cause the patient to feel sick[C] fails to relieve inflammation [D] may cause the patient to gain weight14. To prevent further attacks of gout a new drug called allopurinol has been developed which .[A] lessens the body's production of uric acid [B] causes the body to dispose of more uric acid[C] increases the body's production of uric acid [D] causes the body to dispose of less uric acid15. The connection between intelligence and uric acid levels .[A] is an old wives' tale [B] is now known to be a myth[C] has been shown in some studies [D] has been proved beyond all doubtTEXT BHostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in Europe in the 14th century. The origins of the Gypsies, with little written history, were shrouded in mystery. What is known now from clues in the various dialects of their language, Romany, is that they came from northern India to the Middle East a thousand years ago, working as minstrels and mercenaries, metal-smiths and servants. Europeans misnamed them Egyptians, soon shortened to Gypsies. A clan system, based mostly on their traditional crafts andgeography, has made them a deeply fragmented and fractious people, only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies, whom they call gadje. Today many Gypsy activists prefer to be called Roma, which comes from the Romany word for "man". But on my travels among them most still referred to themselves as Gypsies.In Europe their persecution by the gadje began quickly, with the church seeing heresy in their fortune- telling and the state seeing anti-social behavior in their nomadism. At various times they have been forbidden to wear their distinctive bright clothes, to speak their own language, to travel, to marry one another, or to ply their traditional crafts. In some countries they were reduced to slavery —it wasn't until the mid-1800s that Gypsy slaves were freed in Romania. In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria, and perhaps half a million perished in the Holocaust. Their horses have been shot and the wheels removed from their wagons, their names have been changed, their women have been sterilized, and their children have been forcibly given for adoption to non-Gypsy families.But the Gypsies have confounded predictions of their disappearance as a distinct ethnic group, and their numbers have burgeoned. Today there are an estimated 8 to 12 million Gypsies scattered across Europe, making them the continent's largest minority. The exact number is hard to pin down. Gypsies have regularly been undercounted, both by regimes anxious to downplay their profile and by Gypsies themselves, seeking to avoid bureaucracies. Attempting to remedy past inequities, activist groups may overcount. Hundreds of thousands more have emigrated to the Americas and elsewhere. With very few exceptions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their own —unlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is often compared. "Romanestan", said Ronald Lee, the Canadian Gypsy writer, "is where my two feet stand."16. Gypsies are united only when they .[A] are engaged in traditional crafts [B] call themselves Roma[C] live under a clan system [D] face external threats17. In history hostility to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the following EXCEPT .[A] the Egyptians [B] the state [C] the church [D] the Nazis18. According to the passage, the main difference between the Gypsies and the Jews lies in their concepts of.[A] language [B] culture [C] identity [D] customTEXT CI was just a boy when my father brought me to Harlem for the first time, almost 50 years ago. We stayed at the Hotel Theresa, a grand brick structure at 125th Street and Seventh Avenue. Once, in the hotel restaurant, my father pointed out Joe Louis. He even got Mr. Brown, the hotel manager, to introduce me to him, a bit paunchy but still the champ as far as I was concerned.Much has changed since then. Business and real estate are booming. Some say a new renaissance is under way. Others decry what they see as outside forces running roughshod over the old Harlem.New York meant Harlem to me, and as a young man I visited it whenever I could, But many of my old haunts are gone. The Theresa shut down in 1966. National chains that once ignored Harlem now anticipate yuppie money and want pieces of this prime Manhattan real estate. So here I am on a hot August afternoon, sitting in a Starbucks that two years ago opened a block away from the Theresa, snatching at memories between sips of high-priced coffee. I am about to open up a piece of the old Harlem — the New York Amsterdam News —when a tourist asking directions to Sylvia's, a prominent Harlem restaurant, penetrates my daydreaming. He's carrying a book: Touring Historic Harlem.History. I miss Mr. Michanx's bookstore, his House of Common Sense, which was across from the Theresa. He had a big billboard out front with brown and black faces painted on it that said in large letters: "World History Book Outlet on 2,000,000,000 Africans and Nonwhite Peoples". An ugly state office building has swallowed that space.I miss speaker like Carlos Cooks, who was always on the southwest comer of 125th and Seventh, urging listeners to support Africa. Harlem's powerful political electricity seems unplugged — although the streets are still energized, especially by West African immigrants.Hardworking southern newcomers formed the bulk of the community back in the 1920s and 30s, when Harlem renaissance artists, writers, and intellectuals gave it a glitter and renown that made it the capital of black America. From Harlem, W.E.B. DuBois, Langston Hughes, Paul Robeson, Zora Neal Hurston, and others helped power America's cultural influence around the world.By the 1970s and 80s drugs and crime had ravaged parts of the community. And the life expectancy for men in Harlem was less than that of men in Bangladesh. Harlem had become a symbol of the dangers of inner- city life.Now, you want to shout "Lookin' good"! at this place that has been neglected for so long. Crowds push into Harlem USA, a new shopping centre on 125th, where a Disney store shares space with HMV Records, the New York Sports Club, and a nine-screen Magic Johnson theatre complex. Nearby, a Rite Aid drugstore also opened. Maybe part of the reason Harlem seems to be undergoing a rebirth is that it is finally getting what most people take for granted.Harlem is also part of an "empowerment zone" —a federal designation aimed at fostering economic growth that will bring over half a billion in federal, state, and local dollars. Just the shells of once elegant old brownstones now can cost several hundred thousand dollars. Rents are skyrocketing. An improved economy, tougher law enforcement, and community efforts against drugs have contributed to a 60 percent drop in crime since 1993.19. At the beginning the author seems to indicate that Harlem .[A] has remained unchanged all these years[B] has undergone drastic changes[C] has become the capital of Black America[D] has remained a symbol of dangers of inner-city life20. When the author recalls Harlem in the old days, he has a feeling of .[A] indifference [B] discomfort [C] delight [D] nostalgia21. Harlem was called the capital of Black America in the 1920s and 30s mainly because of its .[A] art and culture [B] immigrant population[C] political enthusiasm [D] distinctive architecture22. From the passage we can infer that, generally speaking, the author .[A] has strong reservations about the changes [B] has slight reservations about the changes[C] welcomes the changes in Harlem [D] is completely opposed to the changesTEXT DThe senior partner, Oliver Lambert, studied the resume for the hundredth time and again found nothing he disliked about Mitchell Y. McDeere, at least not on paper. He had the brains, the ambition, the good looks. And he was hungry; with his background, he had to be. He was married, and that was mandatory. The firm had never hired an unmarried lawyer, and it frowned heavily on divorce, as well as womanizing and drinking. Drug testing was in the contact. He had a degree in accounting, passed the CPA exam the first time he took it and wanted to be a tax lawyer, which of course was a requirement with a tax firm. He was white, and the firm had never hired a black. They managed this by being secretive and clubbish and never soliciting job applications. Other firms solicited, and hired blacks. This firm recruited, and remained lily white. Plus, the firm was in Memphis, and the top blacks wanted New York or Washington or Chicago. McDeere was a male, and there were no women in the firm. That mistake had been made in the mid-seventies when they recruited the number one grad from Harvard, who happened to be a she and a wizard at taxation. She lasted four turbulent years and was killed in acar wreck.He looked good, on paper. He was their top choice. In fact, for this year there were no other prospects. The list was very short. It was McDeere, or no one.The managing partner, Royce McKnight, studied a dossier labeled "Mitchell Y. McDeere—Harvard".An inch thick with small print and a few photographs; it had been prepared by some ex-CIA agents in a private intelligence outfit in Bethesda. They were clients of the firm and each year did the investigating for no fee. It was easy work, they said, checking out unsuspecting law students. They learned, for instance, that he preferred to leave the Northeast, that he was holding three job offers, two in New York and one in Chicago, and that the highest offer was $76,000 and the lowest was $68,000. He was in demand. He had been given the opportunity to cheat on a securities exam during his second year. He declined, and made the highest grade in the class. Two months ago he had been offered cocaine at a law school party. He said no and left when everyone began snorting. He drank an occasional beer, but drinking was expensive and he had no money. He owed close to $23,000 in student loans. He was hungry.Royce McKnight flipped through the dossier and smiled. McDeere was their man.Lamar Quill was thirty-two and not yet a partner. He had been brought along to look young and act young and project a youthful image for Bendini, Lambert & Locke, which in fact was a young firm, since most of the partners retired in their late forties or early fifties with money to burn. He would make partner in this firm. With a six-figur e income guaranteed for the rest of his life, Lamar could enjoy the twelve-hundred-dollar tailored suits that hung so comfortably from his tall, athletic frame. He strolled nonchalantly across the thousand- dollar- a-day suite and poured another cup of decaf. He checked his watch. He glanced at the two partners sitting at the small conference table near the windows.Precisely at two-thirty someone knocked on the door. Lamar looked at the partners, who slid the resume and dossier into an open briefcase. All three reached for their jackets. Lamar buttoned his top button and opened the door.23. Which of the following is NOT the firm's recruitment requirement?[A] Marriage. [B] Background. [C] Relevant degree. [D] Male.24. The details of the private investigation show that the firm .[A] was interested in his family background[B] intended to check out his other job offers[C] wanted to know something about his preference[D] was interested in any personal detail of the man25. According to the passage, the main reason Lama Quin was there at the interview was that .[A] his image could help impress McDereer [B] he would soon become a partner himself[C] he was good at interviewing applicants [D] his background was similar to McDereer's26. We get the impression from the passage that in job recruitment the firm was NOT .[A] selective [B] secretive [C] perfunctory [D] racially biasedTEXT EHarry Truman didn't think his successor had the right training to be president. "Poor Ike—it won't be a bit like the Army", he said. "He'll sit there all day saying 'do this, do that,' and nothing will happen".Truman was wrong about Ike. Dwight Eisenhower had led a fractious alliance—you didn't tell Winston Churchill what to do—in a massive, chaotic war. He was used to politics. But Truman's insight could well be applied to another, even more venerated Washington figure: the CEO-turned cabinet secretary.A 20-year bull market has convinced us all that CEOs are geniuses, so watch with astonishment the troubles of Donald Rumsfeld and Paul O'Neill. Here are two highly regarded businessmen, obviously intelligent andwell-informed, foundering in their jobs.Actually, we shouldn't be surprised. Rumsfeld and O'Neill are not doing badly despite having been successful CEOs but because of it. The record of senior businessmen in government is one of almost unre- lieved disappointment. In fact, with the exception of Robert Rubin, it is difficult to think of a CEO who had a successful career in government.Why is this? Well, first the CEO has to recognize that he is no longer the CEO. He is at best an adviser to the CEO, the president. But even the president is not really the CEO. No one is. Power in a corporation is concentrated and vertically structured. Power in Washington is diffuse and horizontally spread out. The secretary might think he's in charge of his agency. But the chairman of the congressional committee funding that agency feels the same. In his famous study "Presidential Power and the Modem Presidents," Richard Neustadt explains how little power the president actually has and concludes that the only lasting presidential power is "the power to persuade."Take Rumsfeld's attempt to transform the cold-war military into one geared for the future. It's innovative but deeply threatening to almost everyone in Washington. The Defense secretary did not try to sell it to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Congress, the budget office or the White House. As a result, the idea is collapsing.Second, what power you have, you must use carefully. For example, O'Neill's position as Treasury secretary is one with little formal authority. Unlike Finance ministers around the world, Treasury does not control the budget. But it has symbolic power. The secretary is seen as the chief economic spokesman for the administration and, if he plays it right, the chief economic adviser for the president.O'Neill has been publicly critical of the IMF's bailout packages for developing countries while at the same time approving such packages for Turkey, Argentina and Brazil. As a result, he has gotten the worst of both worlds. The bailouts continue, but their effect in holstering investor confidence is limited because the marketsare rattled by his skepticism.Perhaps the government doesn't do bailouts well. But that leads to a third rule: you can't just quit. Jack Welch's famous law for re-engineering General Electric was to be first or second in any given product category, or else get out of that business. But if the government isn't doing a particular job at peak level, doesn't always have the option of relieving itself of that function. The Pentagon probably wastes a lot of money. But it can't get out of the national-security business.The key to former Treasury secretary Rubin's success may have been that he fully understood that business and government are, in his words, "necessarily and properly very different". In a recent speech he explained, "Business functions around one predominate organizing principle, profitabilit y ... Government, on the other hand, deals with a vast number of equally legitimate and often potentially competing objectives— for example, energy production versus environmental protection, or safety regulations versus productivity."Rubin's example shows that talented people can do well in government if they are willing to treat it as its own separate, serious endeavour. But having been bathed in a culture of adoration and flattery, it's difficult for a CEO to believe he needs to listen and learn, particularly from those despised and poorly paid specimens, politicians, bureaucrats and the media. And even if he knows it intellectually, he just can't live with it.27. For a CEO to be successful in government, he has to .[A] regard the president as the CEO[B] take absolute control of his department[C] exercise more power than the congressional committee[D] become acquainted with its power structure28. In commenting on O'Neill's record as Treasury Secretary, the passage seems to indicate that .[A] O'Neill has failed to use his power well[B] O'Neill's policies were well received[C] O'Neill has been consistent in his policies[D] O'Neill is uncertain about the package he's approved29. According to the passage, the differences between government and business lie in the following areasEXCEPT .[A] nature of activity [B] option of withdrawal[C] legitimacy of activity [D] power distribution30. The author seems to suggest that CEO-turned government officials .[A] are able to fit into their new roles[B] are unlikely to adapt to their new roles[C] can respond to new situations intelligently[D] may feel uncertain in their new postsThere are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.31. is not a nationally observed holiday of America.[A] Christmas [B] Easter Sunday [C] Thanksgiving Day [D] Independence Day32. The university of Dublin was not founded until .[A] the 19th century [B] the 18th century [C] the 17th century [D] the 16th century33. The introduced old-age pensions in New Zealand in 1898.[A] Labor Party [B] Democratic Party [C] Liberal Party [D] Conservative Party34. Irish culture experienced a golden age from to .[A] the eighth century, the eleventh century [B] the seventh century, the ninth century[C] the sixth century, the eighth century [D] the fifth centur y, the seventh century35. Which of the following writings is not the work by Charles Dickens?[A] A Tale of Two Cities [B] Hard Times[C] Oliver Twist [D] Sons and Lovers36. is a dramatist who holds the central position in American drama the modernistic period.[A] Sinclair Lewis [B] Eugene O'Neill [C] Arthur Miller [D] Tennessee Williams37. is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age.[A] Ernest Hemingway [B] F. Scott Fitzgerald [C] William Faulkner [D] Ezra Pound38. is a relationship in which a word of a certain class determines the form of others in terms ofcertain categories.[A] Concord [B] Immediate constituent[C] Syntagmatic relations [D] Government39. studies the sound systems in a certain language.[A] Phonetics [B] Phonology [C] Semantics [D] Pragmatics40. A linguistic situation in which two standard languages are used either by an individual or by a group ofspeakers is called .[A] situational dialect [B] slang [C] linguistic taboo [D] bilingualismProofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.在得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感被打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。
外语专业四、八级考试的历史回顾
外语专业四、八级考试的历史回顾外语专业八级考试是我国外语教育的重要组成部分，对于衡量外语专业学生的语言应用能力和水平具有重要意义。
本文将对外语专业八级考试的历史进行回顾，包括其产生背景、发展历程、考试内容、考试变化以及考生反馈等方面，并提出一些自己的看法和建议。
外语专业八级考试的产生背景可以追溯到20世纪80年代。
当时，我国外语教育逐渐得到重视，各级外语专业的学生数量不断增加，对外语专业学生的语言应用能力和水平进行科学、客观、有效的评估成为当务之急。
在此背景下，外语专业八级考试应运而生。
外语专业八级考试主要包括笔试和口试两个环节，其中笔试包括听力、阅读、写作和翻译四个部分，口试则主要测试口语表达和听力理解能力。
考试难度逐级上升，四级的难度主要对应大学外语专业二年级的水平，八级的难度则对应大学外语专业四年级的水平。
自产生以来，外语专业八级考试经历了多次改革。
其中一次重要的改革是在20世纪90年代中期，当时的外语专业八级考试增加了口语测试环节，使得对学生的语言应用能力的考察更加全面。
此后，随着社会的不断发展，外语专业八级考试也在不断进行新的尝试和改革。
对于外语专业八级考试的考生来说，他们普遍认为考试难度较大，需要付出大量的时间和精力进行备考。
同时，考生们也提出了一些对于考试内容的建议，例如希望增加对于听力理解和写作能力的考察，以及加强对翻译的评分标准等。
外语专业八级考试作为我国外语教育的重要组成部分，对外语专业学生的语言应用能力和水平的评估起到了积极作用。
然而，面对新的社会需求和挑战，外语专业八级考试还需要不断进行改革和完善。
针对考生反馈中提到的考试难度问题，相关部门可以进一步优化考试内容，使其更加科学、合理。
例如，可以适当降低部分题目的难度，增加一些与日常生活更为相关的内容，以更好地考察学生的实际应用能力。
对于考生提到的考试内容建议，相关部门可以在接下来的改革中认真考虑并采纳。
例如，可以加强对听力理解和写作能力的考察，提高翻译评分标准的透明度和公正性等。
2003年12月专八口译考题与答案
2003年12月专八口译考题与答案第一篇：2003年12月专八口译考题与答案TASK ONE Interpreting From English into ChineseAddress at the Fifth Anniversary Celebration of the Founding ofNature Magazine Ladies and gentlemen: It’s with great pleasure that I welcome you here today to the fifth anniversary celebration of the founding of the magazine Nature.Never could we have imagined five years ago that we would have come so far in so short a time.But here we are at the end of year five, and what a fantastic year it has been.Let me review our achievements in these five years.（1）We have published some very impressive articles, each month somehow surpassing the quality and depth of the previous month’s edition.我们出版了一些令人印象深刻的文章，而且每个月与前一个月相比，在文章的质量和深度方面都有所超越。
（2）Our creative and talented staff won five writing awards and seven photographic awards.This year some 119,000 people subscribed to our magazine.我们的富有创造力和充满智慧的员工获得了，五个写作奖和七个摄影奖。
专八口语须知及历年真题
2005全国高校专业八级口试考试须知及辅导材料考生须知全国英语专业八级口语测试采用在语言实验室中进行录音口试的方式。
考试要求与考题已事先全部录在考带上，录音机的开停，全部由电教人员控制。
考生则须根据录音考带上的要求逐项完成任务。
考试结束后，将所有考生的磁带寄到指定的评分点，统一进行评分。
考试包括三项任务。
第一项任务为英译中、第二项任务为中译英。
第一、二项的口译内容均已录在考带上。
每项任务的录音播放两遍。
第一遍播放讲话的全文，目的是让考生了解口译材料的背景和内容，此时考生不需要进行口译。
第二遍分段播放所需口译的内容。
考生可以边听边做笔记。
每段后有提示开始口译和停止口译的“叮咚”声。
考生在听到“叮咚”声后，开始口译；当再次听到“叮咚”声时，则停止口译，同时准备听译后面的句子。
一般情况下，考生所需口译的内容只是讲话全文的一部分。
第三项任务要求考生根据所给的文字材料表述自己的看法，准备时间为四分钟，个人表述看法的时间为三分钟。
以上三项任务均在语言实验室中规定的同一时间进行，考生的讲话时间都有严格的限制，考生应充分利用这一规定的时间，尽量多说一点，因为足够的信息量是正确判分的基础，考生讲得太少会影响自己的考试得分。
考生进入语言实验室后必须注意以下问题：1．不得擅自摆弄电教设备的任何开关。
2．务必根据各自的考号对号入座。
如有差错，必须向监考教师报告。
3．按照录音磁带上的要求，逐项完成任务。
4．不得擅自提前将订书机订好的第三项考题内容拆开，该任务要求考生个人独立完成，准备时不得与他人讲话讨论，如违反上述要求，一律视为作弊。
5．录音时，注意控制讲话的音量。
如果声音太低，则会影响口试成绩。
6．录音时要注意力集中，从技术上讲，语言实验室中考生周围的声响通常不会影响录音质量。
7．如果在规定时间之内提前完成了任务，请安心等待下一项任务的要求。
英语专业八级口试样题一、2003年4月考题Task One: Interpreting from English into ChinesePlease do not do interpreting when you listen to the speech this time.The Speech by a World Bank Group Official atthe 2002 Western China International Economy and Trade FairGovernor Zhang, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen:I am delighted to be here this morning to open the Western China International Economy and Trade Fair. I would like to thank the People’s Government of Sichuan for inviting us to attend this important event where government leaders from Beijing and twelve other provinces meet todiscuss strategies for developing China’s Western Region.This event reflects the strong commitment of the Government and the people of China to develop the Western Region . I am very impressed with the enthusiasm and determination demonstrated not only by the public sectors, but also by the private sectors in supporting the Western development goals set forth by the government.The purpose of my current visit to China is to evaluate recent economic developments in China, and discuss with Chinese leaders the World Bank Group’s assistance strategy for China after its entry into the WTO. I started my visit two days ago in the western province of Yunnan and have now come to Sichuan. I have seen good examples of how the World Bank Group can offer assistance to the Government and the private sectors to develop China’s West. There are 11 provinces, autonomous regions and one municipality in west China, with a total area of about 6.8 million square kilometers and a population of 364 million. The Government’s desire to accelerate the development of the western provinces is vital to the success of achieving a sustained growth for China in the long run. There are also challenges, however, that should not be overlooked. These include continued efforts to create and improve the business environment. But I am confident that these challenges will be met.In closing, I would like to thank the Government of Sichuan for its support to World Bank and IFC operations in Sichuan, We look forward to working with all of you to contribute to the development of China’s west and to improve people’s lives in this important part of the country.Thank you!When you listen this time, begin interpreting when you hear a beep.(1) The purpose of my current visit to China is to evaluate recent economic developments in China, and discuss with Chinese leaders the World Bank Group’s assi stance strategy for China after its entry into the WTO.(2) I started my visit two days ago in the western province of Yunnan and have now come to Sichuan. I have seen good examples of how the World Bank Group can offer assistance to the Government and the private sectors to develop China’s West.(3) There are 11 provinces, autonomous regions and one municipality in west China, with a total area of about 6.8 million square kilometers and a population of 364 million.(4) The Government’s desire to accelerate the development of the western provinces is vital to the success of achieving a sustained growth for China in the long run.(5) There are also challenges, however, that should not be overlooked. These include continued efforts to create and improve the business environment. But I am confident that these challenges will be met.Task Two: Interpreting from Chinese into English.Please do not do interpreting when you listen to the speech this time.阳光国际展览中心副总经理在关于举办2002年中国(阳光)国际乐器展览新闻发布会上的讲话各位来宾、新闻界的朋友：下午好!首先，请允许我代表阳光国际展览中心有限公司向出席今天新闻发布会的各位来宾表示热烈的欢迎和衷心的感谢!国际乐器业界的盛大聚会—MUSIC CHINA中国(阳光)国际乐器展览会将于2002年10月16日-19日在阳光国际展览中心隆重开幕。
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1. We’ve published some very impressive articles, each month somehow surpassing the quality and depth of the previous month’s edition.
2. Our creative and talented staff won five writing awards and seven photographic awards. This year some 119,000 people subscribed to our magazine.
3. About six years ago we had an idea for a nature-oriented magazine, but we all had doubts about the general acceptance of the idea, whether there would be enough interest from people to sustain us.
4. Today, it’s a wonderful feeling to know that we have succeeded, and everyone here shares the credit for making this magazine what it has become.
5. While it is a formidable task for us all, I’m sure that next year at this time we’ll have more awards, and more subscribers, and feel an even greater sense of accomplishment and fulfillment.
1. 会议期间，来自不同国家和地区的专家、学者畅所欲言、各抒己见，积极为搞好老城保护和更新献计献策。
(10%)
During the meeting, the experts and scholar from different countries and areas speak out their minds and offer suggestions to help the ancient city preserve and renew.
2. 在此，我代表市委、市政府对各位专家的辛勤劳动表示衷心的感谢。
(10%)
Here, on behalf of Municipal Committee and Municipal Government, I would express my sincere thanks to every hardworking expert.
3．龙城是座古老而美丽的城市，已有2500年的建城史，是国务院公布的首批历史文化名城。
(10%)
Longcheng, an ancient and beautiful city, has had 2, 500 years’ history, being one of the first batch of historical and cultural cities which the State Council announced.
4. 这座城市最大的特色在于它有丰厚的文化内涵，其中精髓在老城。
(10%)
The greatest characteristic of this city is its rich cultural connotations, and its essence is in the ancient city.
5、这是前人留给我们的遗产，是一笔宝贵的资源，她属于龙城、属于中国、属于世界。
(10%) This is the heritage from our ancestors and precious resources. She belongs to Longcheng, to China, even to all over the world.。