中医英语课后习题答案1至15课李照国,张庆荣

第一课一．术语翻译1.traditional Chinese medicine; TCM2.basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine3.clinical experience4.treatment based on syndrome differentiation5.miscellaneous diseases6.Chinese pharmacy7.four properties and five tastes8.acupuncture and moxibustion; acumox9.classical Chinese philosophy10.sweating therapy; diaphoresis11.purgation12.vomiting therapy; emetic therapy13.the School of Reinforcing the Earth14.etiology15.prescription; formula16.medical practice17.therapeutic principles18.herbs cold and cool in nature19.nourishing yin and reducing fire20.diseases caused by blood stagnation二．句子翻译1.TCM has a history of thousands of years and is a summary of the Chinese people’s experience in theirstruggle against diseases.2.TCM has a unique and integrated theoretical system.3.TCM is a science that studies the rules of life as well as the occurrence, progress, prevention andtreatment of diseases.4.Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine has laid a solid foundation for the formation of theoretical systemof traditional Chinese medicine.5.Classic of Difficulties has supplemented what was unaddressed in the Yellow Emperor’s Canon ofMedicine in many respects, especially in pulse lore.6.Discussion on the Causes and Symptoms of Various Diseases is the earliest extant monograph on thecauses and symptoms of diseases in China.7.Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient.8.Internal impairment of the spleen and stomach causes various diseases.pendium of Materia Medica is recognized as a monumental work in the history of Chinese materiamedica and a great contribution to the development of pharmacology in the world.10.Traditional Chinese materia medica includes not only medicinal herbs, but also minerals and animalparts.11.In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there appeared the so-called four great medical schools.12.Zhang Congzheng believed that all diseases were caused by exogenous pathogenic factors andadvocated that pathogenic factors should be driven out by means of diaphoresis, emesis and purgation.13.Liu Wansu believed that “fire-heat” was the main cause of a variety of diseases and that these diseasesshould should be treated with drugs cold and cool in nature.14.Li Gao held that “internal impairment of the spleen and stomach would bring about diseases”andemphasized that the most important thing in clinical treatment was to warm and invigorate the spleen and stomach.15.Zhu Danxi believed that “yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient” and advocated theremedies of nourishing yin and reducing fire in treatment of diseases.16.Study on Warm Disease is a clinical specialty focusing on the occurrence, progress, diagnosis andtreatment of warm diseases.17.The School of Warm Disease has developed the rules of treatment of warm disease based on syndromedifferentiation in light of defensive phase, qi phase, nutritive phase, blood phase and triple energizer. 18.Wang Qingren in the late Qing Dynasty corrected mistakes about anatomy made in ancient medicalbooks and advocated the theory that diseases were caused by blood stagnation.19.Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine has paved a new way for the development andmodernization of traditional Chinese medicine.20.Great progress has been made in systematic and experimental study of the basic theory of traditionalChinese medicine.第二课一．术语翻译1.five zang-organs; five zang-viscera2.six fu-organs3.system of meridians and collaterals4.holismanic wholenss6.social attribute7.(of the five zang-organs) open into8.sprout, grow, transform, ripen and store9.diagnostics10.relationship between pathogenic factors and healthy qi11.therapeuticsmon cold due to wind and cold13.different therapeutic methods used to treat the same disease14.the same therapeutic method used to treat different diseases15.balance of water metabolism16.clearing away heart fire17.nature of disease18.treating the left side for curing diseases located on the right side19.drawing yang from yin20.treating the lower part for curing diseases located on the upper part二．句子翻译1.The theoretical system of TCM is mainly characterized by holism and treatment based on syndromedifferentiation.2.TCM believes that the human body is an organic whole.3.The constituent parts of the human body are interdependent in physiology and mutually influential inpathology.4.The holism permeates through the physiology, pathology, diagnosis, syndrome differentiation andtreatment of diseases.5.Changes in the natural world directly or indirectly influence the human body.6.Qi and blood in the human body tend to flow to the exterior in spring and summer and to the interiorin autumn and winter.7.The heart opens into the tongue and is internally and externally related to the small intestine.8.TCM has noticed that the fact that social activity psychologically influences human beings.9.According to TCM, the body and spirit coexist, interacting with each other and influencing each other.10.Yang qi in the human body tends to flow to the exterior in the daytime and to the interior at night.11.Regional differences, to some extent, influences the physiological activities of the human body.12.Syndrome is a generalization of pathological changes at a certain stage during the course of a disease.13.Treatment based on syndrome differentiation, one of the characteristics of TCM, is the basic principlein TCM for understanding and treating diseases.14.Syndrome includes the location, cause and nature of a disease as well as the state of pathogenic factorsand healthy qi.15.Differentiation of syndrome and treatment of disease are two inseparable aspects in diagnosing andtreating diseases.16.Clinically doctors pay great attention to the differentiation of diseases. But therapeutically they caremore about the differentiation of syndromes because diseases can be cured by treating syndromes.17.Syndrome can comprehensively and accurately reveal the nature of a disease.18.Different diseases may demonstrate the same syndrome because of the similarity in pathogenesis.19.If the syndrome of middle qi sinking appears in two different diseases, they all can be treated by thetherapeutic method for elevating middle qi.20.The treatment of diseases in TCM does not only simply concentrate on the difference or similarity ofdiseases, but on the difference or similarity of pathogenesis.第三课一．术语翻译1.philosophical concept2.mutual transformation3.balance of yin and yang4.transformation between yin and yang5.extreme cold turning into heat6.pathological changes7.absolute predominance8.general rule of pathogenesis9.supplementing what it lacks of10.eliminating wind and dispersing cold11.mutually inhibiting and promoting12.mutually inhibiting and restraining13.interdependence14.excess of yin leading to decline of yang15.contrary and supplementary to each otheranic whole17.impairment of yang involving yin18.deficiency of both yin and yang19.deficiency cold syndrome20.suppressing yang and eliminating wind三．句子翻译1.Yin and yang are two concepts in classical Chinese philosophy.2.Yin and yang are the summarization of the attributes of two opposite aspects of interrelated things orphenomena in nature.3.The formation, development and changes of all things in the universe are the result of the movement ofyin and yang that oppose to each other and unite with each other.4.The celestial qi pertains to yang because it is light and lucid, while the terrestrial qi pertains to yinbecause it is heavy and turbid.5.The course of mutual restraint and inhibition between yin and yang signifies their progress in mutualreduction and promotion.6.Yin cannot exist alone without yang and vice versa.7.Separation of yin and yang results in exhaustion of essence.8.Only through constant reduction, growth and balance can the normal development of things bemaintained.9.Under given conditions, either yin or yang may transform into its counterpart.10.Sprout of things signifies transformation while extreme development of things indicates change.11.Yin and yang are indispensable the human body.12.Functions pertain to yang while substances to yin.13.If yin and yang fail to promote each other and are thus separated from each other, it will lead to the endof life.14.No matter how complicated pathological changes of a disease are, they are nothing more than relativepredominance of yin or yang.15.The so-called healthy qi refers to the structure and functions of the body, including body resistanceagainst diseases.16.If any part of the body, either yin or yang, becomes deficient to a certain extent, it will inevitably lead toinsufficiency of the other part.17.Imbalance between yin and yang is the intrinsic factor responsible for the occurrence and progress of adisease.18.The manifestations of complexion can tell whether a disease pertains to yin or yang in nature.19.The basic therapeutic principle is to supplement insufficiency and reduce excess.20.Only when appropriate herbs are chosen can excellent therapeutic effects be ensured.第四课一．术语翻译1.the doctrine of five elements; the theory of five phases2.free development3.to be generated and to generate4.restraint in generation5.Wood is characterized by growing freely and peripherally.6.Earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping.7.Water is characterized by moistening and downward flowing.8.over restriction and counter-restriction9.Wood over restricts earth because it is deficient.10.promotion, restriction, inhibition and transformation11.disorder of a mother-organ involving its child-organ12.insufficiency of essence and blood in the liver and kidney13.blood deficiency in the heart and liver14.exuberant fire in the heart15.insufficiency of liver yin16.declination of kidney yang17.weakness of the spleen and stomach18.soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach19.insufficiency of kidney yin20.balance between water and fire二．句子翻译1.Wood, fire, earth, metal and water are the five most essential materials indispensable to humanexistence.2.The formation of the theoretical system of TCM was deeply influenced by the doctrine of five elements.3.Water is characterized by moistening and downward flow.4.The liver pertains to wood because it controls elevation.5.The spleen pertains to earth because it controls transportation and transformation.6.The kidney pertains to water because it controls water metabolism.7.Restriction implies that one thing brings under control or restraint of the other.8.Since wood generates fire, wood is the generator of fire; since fire generates earth, fire is the generatorof earth.9.Subjugation or over restriction means to launch a violent attack when a counterpart is weak.10.When wood is too strong, it will over restrict the spleen and counter-restrict metal.11.Since the heart can warm the body, it pertains to fire.12.The liver stores blood to complement the liver.13.The kidney stores essence to nourish blood in the liver.14.The idea that the disorder of a child-organ attacks the mother-organs means that the disease istransmitted from a child-organ to its mother-organ.15.The human body is an organic whole. So disorders of the internal organs can be manifested over thesurface of the body.16.Restriction includes over restriction and counter-restriction, both of which are abnormal restrictionamong the five elements.17.The basic relationships among the five elements are generation, restriction, over restriction andcounter-restriction.18.The one that generates is the mother-element while the one that is being generated is the child-element.19.Clinically the doctrine of five elements is used to decide therapeutic principles and methods.20.The doctrine of five elements obviously has certain limitations and is still in need of furtherimprovement.第五课一．术语翻译1.藏象学说doctrine of visceral manifestations2.五脏六腑five zang-organs and six fu-organs3.奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs4.水谷精微nutrients of water and food5.传化水谷transmitting and transforming water and food6.贮藏精气storing essence7.表里关系internal and external relationship8.治疗效应therapeutic effects9.临床实践clinical practice10.藏而不泻storage without discharge11.泻而不藏discharge without storage12.形体诸窍physical build and various orifices13.开窍(of five zang-organs) open into14.精神情志spirit and emotions15.心藏神the heart storing spirit16.肺藏魄the lung storing corporeal soul17.肝藏魂the liver storing ethereal soul18.脾藏意the spleen storing consciousness19.肾藏志the kidney storing will20.其华在面the luster manifesting upon the face二．句子翻译1.藏象学说是研究人体各个脏腑的生理功能、病理变化及相互关系的学说。