Varian_Chapter32_Production

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组织纹织学第3章变化组织2

第三章变化组织
Derivative of elementary weaves 作图：以2/2斜纹为基础；画平行线条数为4条
第三章变化组织
Derivative of elementary weaves
❖ 实训题：以3/3斜纹为基础，构作三条斜纹线的芦席斜纹组织图。
❖ 解：Rj=Rw=6×3=18
Rj = Rj基 Rw vative of elementary weaves
色子贡组织花岗石组织
海绵组织
第三章变化组织
Derivative of elementary weaves
缎背华达呢组织
第三章变化组织
Derivative of elementary weaves
绘图方法：
例：作 3 1 2 变化纬重平 2 31
第三章变化组织
Derivative of elementary weaves
3.1.2 方平组织（hopsack weaves）
23225/2方方变平平化组方织平外观33模拟方图平
经 3 12纬1 2 变化变方化平方平 5 112 6 3/3方平组织外观模拟图
实训题：3 1 为基础组织； Kj=8，Sj’=2
22
纬锯齿斜纹
需知条件：基础组织、山峰位置Kw值、锯齿飞数S‘w值 Rw = Rw’×n （Rw’为一个锯齿的纬纱根数） Rw’=（2Kw－2）－S’w n为一个组织循环中的锯齿数，
n=
Rw基
Rw基与S
'的最大公约数
w
Rj=Rj基=分子+分母
❖ 实训题：基础组织
第三章变化组织
Derivative of elementary weaves

2024年中考英语最后一卷(浙江杭州卷)(含解析)

2024年中考最后一卷（浙江杭州卷）英语注意事项：1. 全卷满分为100分。

考试时长为90分钟。

2. 请将姓名、准考证号分别填写在试题卷和答题卷的规定位置上。

3. 答题时, 把试题卷I的答案在答题卷I上对应的选项位置用2B 铅笔涂黑、涂满。

将试题卷II答案用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔书写, 答案必须按照题号顺序在答题卷II各题目规定区域内作答, 做在试题卷上或超出答题区域书写的答案无效。

试题卷I第一部分形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，理解其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

John was having a daily test in the history class. As he started filling in the 1 , he felt that someone was watching him. He looked over at Matt, who was staring at John’s test. Matt 2 looked away when he saw John catch him.The next day, Mr. Garcia asked John to his office and said, “Do you know why you’re here? You and Matt have had the 3 answers in the past three tests.” John didn’t know how to answer.Mr. Garcia continued, “I know you are friends. Matt’s going 4 a hard time at home, but that is not the 5 to cheat. I want you to think about that.”When John came back, he found Matt and said 6 , “Look, Matt, I know I didn’t cheat! I know it’s too coincidental (巧合的) that three of our papers have 7 !”Matt’s face turned red, “I’m sorry. Many things are happening at home, 8 I just can’t focus on study. My dad lost his job, my grandmother is sick, and that means I must 9 my little sister!”John thought about how 10 Matt was. Then he made a decision, “Well, I guess you could come to my house after school some days, and we could study together.”The next week. Matt came to John’s house four times. They 11 their notes, and John showed Matt how he organized the facts. Matt got the 12 of learning pretty quickly.A few weeks 13 , Mr. Garcia was returning papers as usual. John looked over at Matt and saw the big90 at the top of his paper. After class, Mr. Garcia talked to John again. “Well, I hear you’ve been giving Matt some study tips. You really helped 14 ,” Mr. Garcia smiled. “You’re a true friend, John. I hope you know that.”It was impossible since John didn’t really think of Matt as a good friend. But as he thought about all the time he’d spent with him, he 15 Matt really had become a good friend.1．A．questions B．answers C．opinions D．reasons2．A．quietly B．carefully C．suddenly D．quickly3．A．same B．right C．different D．strange4．A．against B．over C．through D．across5．A．habit B．dream C．excuse D．plan6．A．luckily B．politely C．wisely D．happily7．A．succeeded B．matched C．failed D．lost8．A．but B．because C．unless D．so 9．A．look after B．depend on C．worry about D．pick up 10．A．free B．hard C．strong D．helpful 11．A．enjoyed B．created C．shared D．changed 12．A．steps B．ideas C．goals D．ways 13．A．late B．later C．after D．before 14．A．me B．us C．him D．it 15．A．wondered B．realized C．allowed D．afforded第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中选出最佳选项AWelcome to the Social ClubGroup A: Making videos3:30 p.m.—5:30 p.m., MondayMaking videos about the pollution at school and in the park.Group B: Designing posters5:30 p. m.—6:30 p. m., WednesdayDesign and put up posters at school, in the park and other places.Members should be good at drawing.Members must do well in making videos.Group C: Visiting a factory4:30 p.m.—6:00 p.m., FridayVisit a factory and learn about what kinds of shopping bags are environment-friendly.You can come with one parent.Group D: Picking up rubbish 2:00 p.m.— 4:30 p.m., SundayPick up rubbish at school and on the street. You’d better wear long trousers and sports shoes.Sign up (报名) by this Friday!16．How long does it take Lily to learn to make videos about pollution?A．2 hours.B．2.5 hours.C．3 hours.D．3.5 hours. 17．If Nancy’s mother shows an interest in shopping bags, which one can she join with Nancy?A．Group A．B．Group B．C．Group C．D．Group D．18．Where can you probably read this passage?A．In a storybook.B．In a diary.C．In a report.D．In a notice.BHave you ever heard of the company called Xiaomi in China? It was set up in 2010. They made smartphones and many other cool gadgets (电子装置) at the beginning. With the development of the times, Xiaomi decided to do something big and different. They created their very first electric car, called the SU7, and started selling it to people. The boss of Xiaomi, a man named Lei Jun, told everyone that the starting price of this new car would be 215,900 yuan (almost $30,000). It was a big event, and people were very excited. In just 27 minutes, more than 50,000 people ordered the new car.Now, Xiaomi isn’t the only company making electric cars. There are other big names like Tesla and BYD．Tesla is a car made in America, and it’s known for being fast and modern. The price to start for a Tesla 3 is a bit higher, 245,900 yuan. But Xiaomi’s car, the SU7, can go really, really far, at least 700 kilometers on one charge (充电)! That’s more than the Tesla Model 3, which can only go 567 kilometers. At the same time, Xiaomi is thinking about how their customers use their phones and computers. They made the SU7’s brain (operating system) work like the ones in Xiaomi’s phones and laptops (手提电脑). This way, people can get everything connected and easy to use.Xiaomi has big dreams for their electric car business, but no one knows yet whether they will succeed. Some analysts (分析师) think that Xiaomi’s big idea will help make electric cars better and more exciting for everyone. So, what do you think? Will Xiaomi’s SU7 develop faster than Tesla and become the king of electric cars? Only time will tell, but one thing is for sure: the world of electric cars just got a lot more interesting. 19．What kind of products did Xiaomi mainly use to make?A．Electric cars.B．Operating systems.C．Xiaomi smartphones.D．Xiaomi laptops.20．The starting price for a Xiaomi SU7 is than that for a Tesla Model 3.A．lower B．higher C．more expensive D．much cheaper21．What can we infer from the passage?A．The SU7 runs much faster than Tesla Model 3.B．All the people want to own an SU7 right now.C．The writer is proud of Xiaomi’s achievement.D．Xiaomi won’t make phones and laptops any more.22．You may read the passage in the section of a newspaper.A．science B．travel C．culture D．historyCThe art of Chinese paper cutting, or jianzhi, has a history of thousands of years. The art form is said to date back to the Han Dynasty. During that time, paper was very expensive. During the Tang Dynasty, Chinese people started using paper for artistic expression. Paper cutting became popular.Common themes of paper cutting include animals, plants and traditional Chinese characters like fu, shou and xi. They are often seen during Chinese New Year. In the past paper cutting was usually used as decorations forfestivals. It was put up on windows and doors for good luck.Chinese paper cutting has become more than just a traditional art form. It is also a symbol of Chinese culture. In recent years, Chinese paper cutting has been enjoyed by people all over the world. It is not only for decorative purposes, but also in fashion, design, advertising and more areas.Chinese paper cutting is a fragile (脆弱的) art form. On one hand, the beautifully shaped designs can easily be broken. On the other hand, the traditional skills used to create them are at risk of being lost. Some people are trying to keep this tradition alive. Groups such as the China National Paper-Cutting Association are working to promote (促进) the art form. They want to make sure that it will be passed down to many more generations. 23．When did paper cutting become popular in China?A．During the Han Dynasty.B．During the Tang Dynasty.C．During the Song Dynasty.D．During the Yuan Dynasty.24．Which aren’t common themes of Chinese paper-cutting?A．Animals.B．Plants.C．Traditional Chinese characters.D．Rivers.25．How has paper cutting changed today?A．People use it in many areas widely.B．People see it as a traditional art form.C．People use it for decorative purposes.D．People don’t like it any more.26．Which can be the best title of the article?A．A Way to Celebrate Festivals B．A Symbol of Chinese CultureC．A Tool for decorations D．A Bridge between Past and PresentDTeenagers are advised to get eight to ten hours of sleep each night. However, most of them fail to get enough sleep because of heavy schoolwork. And plenty of young people are experiencing a sleep problem, which increases their risk of mental ill-health (精神健康状况不佳) . Have you ever thought the mobile phone can help teenagers manage their mental health by supporting a good night’s sleep?Sleep Ninja is a free app created by the Black Dog Institute, a mental health research organization. It is the only app that is specially designed to improve teenagers’ sleep. So far, the results have been encouraging. The app helps teenagers get more sleep and reduce anxiety.According to a study, 90% of the app users showed some improvements in insomnia (失眠) and 60% reported improvements in sleep quality. At the same time, the rate of depression (抑郁症) dropped from 77% at the start of the study to 44% after using the app.Sleep Ninja is not only helpful but also easy to use. Those who use the app only need to set a time when they need to get up in the morning. Then the app will work backwards (向后) , deciding when they should be in bed.It will also give them a warning to start a pre-bed habit. Seeing the warning, they’d better take a hot shower, brush teeth and get ready for sleep.Besides, the app offers other useful ways to teenagers to help them get into a sleep habit. For example, it shows them how to set their things up in the bedroom, how to reduce terrible thoughts at night and what to do during the day to improve their sleep.27．The underlined word “anxiety” means “the state of feeling ________”.A．angry B．nervous C．excited D．satisfied28．Which question is answered in the fourth paragraph?A．What is Sleep Ninja?B．What does the study show?C．Why is Sleep Ninja helpful?D．How does Sleep Ninja work?29．Which tip for having a good sleep can we get from this passage?A．Listen to loud music at night.B．Take a cold shower before bed.C．Clean the bedroom before bed.D．Try to avoid terrible thoughts at night.30．What does the passage mainly talk about?A．The study on different sleep apps.B．The importance of having a good sleep.C．An app that helps with teenagers’ sleep.D．The ways to improve teenagers’ sleep.第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面材料，从下面所给的A—E四个选项中选出合适的内容（选项中有一个为多余选项）填入1—4中，并回答第5题（不超过10个单词）。

On the NuTeV anomaly and the asymmetry of the strange sea in the nucleon

Note that the positive moment [S − ], which means that the momentum distributions of the s-quark is harder than that of the s ¯-quark in the nucleon, works to reduce the discrepancy between the NuTeV determination of sin2 θW [11, 12] and the world average of other measurements [19]. Since the distribution of sea quarks and antiquarks generated through the perturbative QCD evolution are necessarily CP symmetric, the cause of asymmetry of the nucleon strange sea must be of nonperturbative origin. (Note however the recent claim that the three loop QCD correction may generate a sizable strange-quark asymmetry in the nucleon [20].) As discussed by many authors, the most plausible source of the asymmetry may be the virtual ﬂuctuation process of the physical proton into the ΛK + intermediate state [5] –[10]. Since the s- and s ¯-quarks in the intermediate state are contained in totally diﬀerent type of hadrons, i.e. a baryon and a meson, their helicity and momentum distribution can be signiﬁcantly diﬀerent. It was argued that this “kaon-cloud picture” of the nucleon leads to several interesting predictions, such as (1) s-quarks carry more momentum fraction, than s ¯-quarks, i.e. (2) s-quarks are polarized antiparallel to the initial proton spin. Although intuitively very appealing (and we believe it contains a piece of the truth), the predictions of the kaon-cloud model should be taken as only suggestive. The reason is clear. For obtaining the desired strange and antistrange distributions of the nucleon in this model, one need two basic quantities which are not known very well. The one is the so-called meson-cloud-model ﬂuctuation functions, which give the probability to ﬁnd the baryon or meson with some longitudinal momentum fraction. The other is the strange valence parton distributions of the constituents of cloud, i.e. Λ and K + . Even worse, it is far from clear how many mesons, besides the pseudoscalar octet, one should take into account. In fact, in a recent paper, Cao and Signal estimated the strange sea distributions 3

范里安varian中级微观经济学英文课件(中山大学·2004)

The circular flow of economic activities.
product market market
factor
The product market and the factor market.
The market relation is mutual and voluntary.
•Fig.
Convexity x2
(y1,y2)
Averaged bundle
(x1,x2) x1
Chapter 4
(as a way to describe preferences)
Utilities
•Essential ordinal utilities, versus
•convenient cardinal utility functions.
m/p2
Budget line
Slope
= - p’1/p2
m/p’1
Slope = - p1/p2 m/p1
Taxes, quantity taxes, value taxes
(ad valorem taxes), and lump-sum
taxAess. ubsidy
is the opposite of a quantity tax.
commodities,
including
goods and services.
Main economic activities:
Consumption, Production, and Exchange.
Microeconomics and macroeconomics:
to show the market mechanism (the invisible hand), to supplement it.

Production of multi-grain, whole-grain, soft and c

专利名称：Production of multi-grain, whole-grain, softand crunchy sheeted snacks发明人：Pierre Faa,Richard Lai申请号：US11466886申请日：20060824公开号：US07507431B2公开日：20090324专利内容由知识产权出版社提供专利附图：摘要：The present invention discloses a method for making a multi-grain, whole grain baked snack food product with a soft, crunchy texture similar to a cracker. Ingredient formula ranges have been determined that maximize the amount and number ofnutritious whole grains present in the snack food, while still keeping the texture soft and crunchy, and the color and flavor acceptable. The ingredients are combined with water to make a dough, which is then sheeted and cut into pieces. The pieces are baked to produce a multi-grain, whole grain baked snack food.申请人：Pierre Faa,Richard Lai地址：Frisco TX US,Plano TX US国籍：US,US代理机构：Carstens & Cahoon, LLP代理人：James R. Gourley, Esq.,Colin P. Cahoon, Esq.更多信息请下载全文后查看。

ACCA F2知识点：variance公式汇总

ACCA F2知识点：variance公式汇总学习ACCA F2科目知识点中，对于variance公式很不明确的小伙伴有福了，今天浦江.财经就来汇总一下所有variance公式，方便做题查阅。

1.material price variance=Actual materials bought should cost-did cost2.material usage variance=(actual output pruduced should use -did use)x standart price3.direct labor rate variance=actual hours worked should cost-did cost4.direct labor efficiency variance=(actual output produced should take-did take)x standard rate5.variable OH expendituure variance=actual director labor hours worked should cost-did cost6.variable OH efficiency variance=(actual output produced should take - did take) x standard rate7.fixed overhead expenditure variance=budget expenditure - actual expenditure8.fixed overhead volume variance=(budget production volume in standard hours - actual production volume in standard hours) x standard fixed overhead rate9.capacity variance=(actual hrs worked-budget hrs) x absorption rate10.Efficiency variance=(standard hrs worked for actual production-actual hrs worked) x absorption rate11.sales price variances=actual sales units x (budget price - actual price)12.sales volume variances=(budget sales units - actual sales units) x standard profit per unitOr=(budget sales units - actual sales units) x CPU13.idle time variances=(expected idle time - actual idle time ) x adjusted hour rate14.total efficiency variance=(standard paid hrs - actual paid hrs) x hour rate15.productive efficiency variance=(standard productive hrs -actual productive hrs) x adjusted hour rate。

Components of genetic variance for plant survival and vigor of apple

Materials and M e t h o d s
population of cultivars used in breeding apple rootstocks at Ottawa were used as parents. The five parents were as follows : Antonovka, a variety proven hardy in Canada during the last 70 years and extensively used in Canada as a source of open-pollinated seed for the production of hardy rootstocks; Columbia (3/Ialus baccata • Broad Green), selected at Ottawa in the late 1890's; Heyer t 2, a very hardy seedling selected at Neville, Saskatchewan, where winter temperatures commonly reach --40 ~ ~ f a l u s robus/a 5, selected at Ottawa in the late 1920's from among 2lfal~s robusta open-pollinated seedlings ; and Osman (Siberian crab • Osimoe), selected at Ottawa in the late 1890's. These were crossed according to diallel mating design called Method 4 by Griffing (1956) to give a total of ten progenies.

范里安高级微观经济分析第1章技术(含习题解答)_曹乾高级微观经济学27讲

1.1 投入与产出的衡量
厂商使用各种投入的组合生产产出。为了研究厂商的选择，我们需要一种概括厂商生产可能性的简便方法，即哪种投入和产出的组合在技术上是可行的。
用流．量．（flows）衡量投入和产出通常最令人满意：单位时段的一定数量的投入被用于
生产单位时段的一定数量的产出。在描述投入和产出时，最好说明时间尺度。如果你这么做，你就不大可能犯诸如以下的低级错误：使用了不可比较的单位；混淆了存量和流量；等等。例如，如果我们用每周多少小时计量劳动时间，我们要保证资本运行时间也用每周多少小时衡量，产量用每周多少单位衡量。然而，当我们抽象地讨论技术选择时，比如本章，我们通常省略时间尺度。
我们一般假设上述限制可用 Rn 中的向量 z 表示。例如，向量 z 是某特定时期下的一组各种投入和产出的最大数值。受限的生产可能集或称短期生产可能集用Y (z) 表示；该集合由所有满足约束条件 z 的可行净产出束（net output bundles）组成。例如，假设要素 n 在短期的数量固定为 yn ，则Y ( yn ) = {Y 中的 y : yn = yn}。注意，Y (z) 是Y 的子集，这是因为Y 包含了所有生产可行方案，这意味着Y (z) 包含在Y 中而且Y (z) 还要满足某些额外条件。
曹乾（东南大学 caoqianseu@）
4
东大青椒工作室制作
范里安《微观经济分析》（第 3 版）
Y = {R3 中的 ( y,−x1,−x2 )：y ≤ min{ax1,bx2}} V ( y) = {R+2 中的 (x1, x2 ) : y ≤ min{ax1,bx2}} Q( y) = {R+2 中的 (x1, x2 ) : y = min{ax1,bx2}}

瓦里安高级微观--一般均衡

i 1 i 1
n
n
[ pxi pwi ] 0
i 1
n
7.瓦尔拉斯均衡(Walrasian Equilibrium)

如果存在 ( p , x )
s.t.z ( p ) 0
或

x i ( p , p w i ) i 1 w i i 1
n * * n

则经济达到了一个瓦尔拉斯均衡

2.埃奇渥斯方盒图（禀赋）
w w w2
1 2 2 2
消费者1的商品 1
消费者2的商品1
w12
O2
w
1 1 w1 (w1 , w2 )
2 w2 (w12 , w2 )
消费者的商品
w1 2
w w ,w
1
1 w1
2
2 w2 消费
2 2
者的商品
2 1
1
O
1
w1 w w
交换过程：

任一消费者 i 的初始禀赋向量为
wi (w , w , w )
1 i 2 i k i

消费者 i 实际打算消费的向量为 1 2 k xi ( xi , xi , , xi ) 社会财富拥有量：w (w , , w )
1 k

消费者消费数量：x ( x1 , , xk )
也称均衡价格 p 为瓦尔拉斯均衡
瓦尔拉斯均衡的分解

总超额需求
z ( p ) i 1 xi ( p, pwi ) wi 0
n

分解的直观描述 pi 0 z ( pi ) 0 （自由物品） pi 0 z ( pi ) 0

【国家自然科学基金】_演化稳定策略_基金支持热词逐年推荐_【万方软件创新助手】_20140801

科研热词演化博弈演化稳定策略进化稳定策略群体性突发事件稳定状态战略网络博弈论鹰鸽博弈顺势交易策略项目管理非对称性合作金融市场鄱阳湖生态经济区运营管理超速贴牌生产许可虚拟企业虎头梁遗址自组织网络协议结算报价累积创新竞争稳定性稀疏网络社会结构社会危机知识转移知识共享病毒传播电子商务演化稳定均衡演化稳定演化港口混合策略nash均衡流行病服务水平有限理性旧石器时代晚期日常路径出行无线自组织网络整体建模仿真政府机会主义行为政府排污权定价微痕分析应急管理市场清除价工程项目谈判局域控制
2008年序号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
科研热词演化博弈演化稳定策略进化稳定策略复制动态博弈进化博弈资源效率管理行为资源分配网格纳什均衡矿业企业理性演化路径演化稳定策略(ess) 演化稳定演化均衡演化博弈论水资源配置水污染控制有限理性政策建议攻防成本废弃物处理寻租寻利复制动态机制复制动态方程因果循环系统古诺模型信息安全投资信息安全信息不对称供应链系统
推荐指数 5 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2010年序号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Varian_Microeconomic_Analysis_Chapter_8

Figure
8.1
We can also hold income fixed and allow prices to vary. If we let Pl vary and hold P2 and m fixed, our budget line will tilt, and the locus of tangencies will sweep out a curve known as the price offer curve. In the first case in Figure 8.2 we have the ordinary case where a lower price for good 1 leads to greater demand for the good; in the second case we have a situation where a decrease in the price of good 1 brings about a decreased demand for good 1. Such a good is called a Giffen good. An example might again be potatoes; if the price of potatoes goes down I can buy just
In the above example we see that a fall in the price of a good may have two sorts of effects--one commodity will become less expensive than another, and total "purchasing power" may change. A fundamental result of the theory of the consumer, the Slutsky equation, relates these two effects. We will derive the Slutsky equation later in several ways.

【国家自然科学基金】_嵌入关系_基金支持热词逐年推荐_【万方软件创新助手】_20140802

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DPS050A186A_Bipane_Specification_20150518_v4

(0.020)
(26.0) 60 fFLM x 2
Frame Frequency TP Frame Frequency
fFLM TPfFLM
-
Notes (1) VDDI=1.8V, AVDD=3.3V, VDDF-=2.5V, fFLM=60Hz, Column inversion mode, MIPI Video mode. (2) TP active mode. （No fingers) (3) The value is a frame frequency when the data of Item as follows is set to the register. When changing setting data, please contact us. (4) VDDF voltage level is depended on Flash IF spec. VDDF<AVDD Parameter
TCLK-PRE
300 8UI 38 60 50
95
105+12UI
Japan Display Inc.
Date
Feb. 26, 2015
Sh. No.
DPS050A186A
Page
5-1/1
6. OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS
LCD (BACKLIGHT ON) Item Transmittance Viewing Angle Contrast Ratio Red Green Color Tone (Primary Color) Blue White NTSC Ratio Response Time Measurement Conditions Measurement environment Ambient temperature Power supply voltage Backlight Polarizer Symbol T φ1+φ2 CR x y x y x y x y tr+tf Condition φ=0°, θ=0° θ=0°, CR>10 θ=90°, CR>10 φ=0°, θ=0° Min (2.85) 700 (0.607) (0.301) (0.267) (0.565) (0.125) (0.028) (0.260) (0.282) 65 Typ 3.48 160 160 1000 (0.637) (0.331) (0.297) (0.595) (0.155) (0.058) (0.290) (0.312) 70 25 Max (0.667) (0.361) (0.327) (0.625) (0.185) (0.088) (0.320) (0.342) Unit % deg Note

清华大学中级微观经济学(清华李稻葵助教等)

/portalweb/appmanager/portal/semTSINGHUA UNIVERSITYSCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT中级微观经济学2004年秋季学期Intermediate MicroeconomicsFall Semester 2004星期三Wednesday9:50 am —12:15pm六教 6A018任课教师:清华大学经济管理学院教授李稻葵Professor David D. Li助教:姜超, 冯俊新，江红平，梅松课程网页Course Web-Page:→分类讨论→中级微观经济学用户名: s311 密码：pe4028联系方式:李稻葵E-mail: lidk@电话: 6277-2126;办公室: 舜德楼南211H答疑时间: 预约姜超S972260@ 冯俊新fengjx@江宏平jianghp@ 梅松meis@习题课以及答疑时间: 星期一 & 星期二Monday & Tuesday19:00 pm —21:00 pm伟伦楼北5081.课程简介微观经济学是现代经济学的基础. 其核心理论体系之完美, 可以和物理学的牛顿力学相媲美; 其主要研究方法广泛应用于经济学的各个分支; 其思维方式,渗透了现代社会科学的主要学科. 本课程的目的就是给学生打下一个扎实的微观经济学基础, 欣赏其理论之完美和独特的思维方式, 并熟练地掌握微观经济学系统的分析工具.2.教学风格本课程属于经济学核心课程, 力求与国际最高标准接轨. 教学的文字材料(包括教材, 讲稿, 习题和考试等), 以英文为主; 口头表达以汉语为主.3.教材教材为:Hal R. Varian: Intermediate Microeconomics A Modern Approach. Sixth Edition W.W. Norton & Company. New York, NY. 2003.习题来自其附本:Theodore C. Bergstrom and Hal R. Varian: Workouts in Intermediate Microeconomics. Sixth Edition W.W. Norton & Company. New York, NY. 2003.4.习题课对大多数同学而言, 参加习题课是学好本课程的关键. 习题课上还会布置随堂习题, 成绩计入总成绩. 如果有的同学感到可以比较轻松地完全掌握教学内容, 可以选择不参加少量习题课和部分随堂习题, 不会影响总成绩, 总成绩地计算办法见下.除第一周和国庆节长周末之外, 每周将安排两节内容相同但时间不同的习题课, 大家可以任选其一参加. 具体时间另行通知.5.课程要求及考核标准微观经济学的特点是思想性与方法性并重, 要学好这门课, 学生们一定要下功夫彻底理解基本概念和基本原理, 不仅懂, 而且会讲,会用, 然后练习解题. 解题时要举一反三, 多动脑筋总结经验.根据微观经济学的这些特点, 本课程采取以下考核方式:1)随堂习题 (比重 20%) : 在习题课上进行. 题目来自Theodore C.Bergstrom and Hal R. Varian: Workouts in Intermediate MicroeconomicsSixth Edition W.W. Norton & Company. New York, NY. 2003.随堂习题的目的是鼓励学生在课下做习题, 多练习.随堂习题的总成绩是每人8个最高的随堂习题的平均值.2)期中考试 (比重 30%): 题目也将与上述习题集有关.3)期末考试 (比重 50%): 按清华大学的给定时间进行.Class ScheduleNote:Chapters refer to Hal R. Varian: Intermediate Microeconomics AModern Approach. Sixth Edition W.W. Norton & Company. New York, NY. 2003.September 15 Introduction and Overview of the CourseChapter 1 The MarketChapter 2 Budget ConstraintSeptember 22 Chapter 3 PreferencesChapter 4 UtilityChapter 5 ChoiceSeptember 29 Chapter 6 DemandChapter 7 Revealed PreferenceOctober 6 (No Class --- National Day Long Weekend)October 13Chapter 8 Slutsky EquationChapter 9 Buying and sellingOctober 20 Chapter 10 Intertemporal ChoiceChapter 11 Asset MarketsChapter 12 UncertaintyChapter 13 Risky AssetsOctober 27 Chapter 14 Consumer’s SurplusChapter 15 Market DemandChapter 16 EquilibriumNovember 3 Mid-Term ExamNovember 10Chapter 18 TechnologyChapter 19 Profit MaximizationChapter 20 Cost MinimizationNovember 17Chapter 21 Cost CurvesChapter 22 Firm SupplyChapter 23 Industry Supply November 24Chapter 24 MonopolyChapter 25 Monopoly BehaviorChapter 26 Factor Markets December 1 Chapter 27 OligopolyChapter 28 Game Theory December 8 Chapter 30 ExchangeChapter 31 ProductionDecember 15 Chapter 32 WelfareChapter 33 ExternalitiesChapter 35 Public Goods December 22 Chapter 36 Asymmetric InformationChapter 17 AuctionsDecember 29 Course Integration任课教师简介李稻葵(David D. Li) 1985年毕业于清华大学经济管理学院管理信息系统专业,同年由学院推荐参加国家教委组织的留美经济学考试(即, 邹至庄经济学留学计划),出国留学. 1985到1986,为美国哈佛大学国际发展研究所(HIID)访问学者. 1986年入该校经济系攻读博士, 从师艾里克马斯金,安德烈史莱法,以及亚诺什科尔耐, 主修经济理论,公司金融, 和比较经济学. 1992年获哈佛大学哲学博士(经济学)学位. 1992至1999任美国安娜堡密西根大学经济系助理教授并兼任该校中国研究中心研究员. 1997至1998, 从密西根大学请假,任美国斯坦福大学胡佛研究所国家研究员,从事中国经济改革的制度变迁研究. 1999至2004年长期聘为香港科技大学经济系副教授,并任该校经济发展研究中心副主任.李稻葵曾兼任世界银行中国社会保障体制改革研究项目顾问 (1989), 国际<<比较经济学杂志>> (Journal of Comparative Economics)编委 (2000-03), 中国留美经济学会(CES)会长 (2001-02), 清华大学经济管理学院特聘教授(2002-03). 现兼任(欧洲)经济政策研究中心(CEPR), 美国密西根大学威廉戴维森研究所 (The William Davidson Institute)研究员; 国际《经济学通報》(Economics Bulletin),中国<<经济研究>>,香港《中国评论》(The China Review)等学术杂志的编委; 国际比较经济研究会执行理事; 南开大学,四川大学,西南财经大学兼职教授。

Varian_Chapter19_Profit_Maximization

y f ( x1 , x ) 2
要素2的边际产品下降。
投入要素2上升导致要素1的生产力上升。
短期等利润线
$ 等利润线包含了所有能够产生$ 利润的生产计划。 $ 等利润线的函数为：

~ . py w1x1 w 2x2
短期等利润线
$ 等利润线包含了所有能够产生$ 利润的生产计划。 $ 等利润线的函数为：

~ . 例如 py w1x1 w 2x 2 ~ w1 w 2x 2 y x1 . p p
短期利润最大化的比较静态分析
短期等利润线的方程为：
~ w1 w 2x 2 y x1 p p
w1 导致 -- 斜率上升，且 -- 垂直截距不变。
短期利润最大化的比较静态分析
y

~ y f ( x1 , x 2 )
y*
w1 Slopes p
短期利润最大化
厂商面对的问题是在受到生产计划选择
的限制下，如何选择生产计划使得它逼近最高的可能等产量线， Q: 这些限制条件是什么？ A: 生产函数
短期利润最大化
y
~ x 2 x 2 . 的短期生产函数和技术集当时
~ y f ( x1 , x 2 )
技术上无效率的计划
x1
产要素1的短期需求
短期利润最大化;柯布道格拉斯的例子
* p x1 3w 1 3/ 2
~ 1/ 2 x2
~ 为当生产要素2固定在 x 2 单元时，厂商生产要素1的短期需求
厂商的短期产出水平为：
* 1/ 3 ~ 1/ 3 p y ( x1 ) x 2 3w 1 * 1/ 2

Varian_Chapter08_Slutsky_Equation

x1
Pure Substitution Effect
Slutsky
isolated the change in demand due only to the change in relative prices by asking “What is the change in demand when the consumer‟s income is adjusted so that, at the new prices, she can only just buy the original bundle?”
Slutsky
discovered that changes to demand from a price change are always the sum of a pure substitution effect and an income effect.
Real Income Changes
Effects of a Price Change
x2 Consumer‟s budget is $y. Original choice
y p2
x1
Effects of a Price Change
x2
y p2
Consumer‟s budget is $y. Lower price for commodity 1 pivots the constraint outwards.
x2‟ x2‟‟
x 1‟
x1‟‟
x1
Slutsky’s Effects for Income-Inferior Goods
x2
The pure substitution effect is as for a normal good. But, the income effect is in the opposite direction. (x1‟‟‟,x2‟‟‟)

第32章_生产_范里安

利润最大化
椰子
等利润线斜率= 生产函数斜率
也即
w = MPL
生产函数 C*
0
L*
24
劳动 (小时)
利润最大化
椰子
等利润线斜率= 生产函数斜率 i.e. w = MPL = 1 MPL = MRPL.
生产函数 C*
0
L*
24
劳动 (小时)
利润最大化
椰子
等利润线斜率= 生产函数斜率 i.e. w = MPL = 1 MPL = MRPL.
CM F
ORC FRC F
鱼
协作生产与消费
椰子
C
FM F
OMF
CR C
CM F
ORC FRC F
鱼
协作生产与消费
椰子
C
FM F
OMF
MRS MRPT
CR C
CM F
ORC FRC F
鱼
协作生产与消费
椰子
C
FM F
OMF
C
假设生产量为 (F , C ).
O’MF
CR C
CM F
ORC FRC F
生产函数 C*
*
0
L*
24
鲁滨逊克鲁索得到 * C * wL *
劳动 (小时)
利润最大化
椰子
等利润线斜率= 生产函数斜率 i.e. w = MPL = 1 MPL = MRPL.
C*
*
劳动需求
生产函数
给定w, 鲁滨逊克鲁索
厂商对劳动的需求量为L*
0
L*
24
鲁滨逊克鲁索得到 * C * wL *
现在将生产加入
加入要素市场，产出市场，厂商的技术和厂商的产出和利润分配。