普通高等学校招生统一考试(上海卷) (3)
2021年上海市高考英语试卷及答案详解(全国统一考试)
2021年上海市高考英语试卷及答案详解（全国统一考试）_年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)英语试题本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷两部分.满分150分.考试用时120分钟.注意事项:1．答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名.考号涂写在答题卡上.2．每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号.不能答在试题卷上.3．第Ⅱ卷各题的答案,必须答在答题卡规定的地方.第一部分:听力(共三节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)请听下面5段对话.每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A.B.C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置.听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话仅读一遍.1.WhatisJacobgoingtodo?A.Jacobwillhaveaclassat3:00.B.Jacobwillgohomearound3:00.C.Jacobwillgotothelibraryat3:00.2.HowwillMichaelgotoNanjing?A.Byplane.B.Bytrain.C.Bycar.3.Whatdoesthewomansuggest?A.Putthetelephonenearthebed.B.Catchalaterflight.C.Askthehotelstaffforhelp.4.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inamuseum.C.Inatheatre.5.Whatdoesthewomanbelieve?A.She1ostherwallet.B.Hermendmayhaveborrowedherwallet.C.Somebodytookherwallet.第二节(共12小题;每小题1.5分,满分18分)请听下面4段对最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置.听每段对话前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间.每段对话读两遍.请听下面一段对话,回答第6至第8题.话.每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的A.B.C三个选项中选出6.Canyouguesswhothemalespeakeris?A.Heisateacher.B.Heisapainter.C.Heisaguide.7.Whenwillthee_hibitionbeshowninFrance?A.Twelvedayslater.B.Twentydayslater.C.Twoweekslater.8.Tillwhenisitopenduringtheweek?A.Five.B.Si_C.Seven.请听第7段材料,回答第9至11题.9.Whataretheytalkingabout?A.Achangeforthenationale_aminations.B.Somenewguidelines.C.AcomingEnglishtest.10.Whendidthenewguidelinespublish?stmonth.stweek.stFriday.11.Whowillhavethefirsttosetthecontent,formandtimeofthelisteningtests?A.TheMinistryofEducation.B.Localeducationdepartments.C.Englishteachersfromdifferentschools.请听第8段材料,回答第12至14题.12.WhatisBettyworkingonwhenDanielarrives?A.Thee-mailtotheheadoffice.B.Thecomputer.C.Daniel’sorderform.13.HowfastcanBettytype?A.About60wordsinaminute.B.About70wordsinaminute.C.About80wordsinaminute.14.WhatforeignlanguagecallBettyspeak?A.Chinese.B.Japanese.C.English.请听第9段材料,回答第15至17题.15.Whoissickandisgoingtohospital?A.Theman’swife.B.Themanhimself.C.Theman’sdaughter.16.Whydoesthemanspeaktothewoman?A.Tolookafterhiswife.B.Toaskforafewdaysoff.C.Totalkabouthisdaughter.17.Whatdoyouthinkthewomanwilldo?A.Shewillgiveherpermission.B.Shewillhavehime_plainagain.C.Shewillrefusehisrequest.第三节(共3小题;每小题1.5分,满分4.5分)请听下面一段独白,用你所听到的独白中的词或数填空,每空限填一个词或一个数.填入的内容要写在答题卡相应的位置上.在听本段独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间.本段独白读两遍.请听下面一段独白,回答第18至第20题.请听第10段材料,回答第18至20题.WheretoflyTo(18)_______________ThefeelingsofthewriterHappy,e_cited,also(19)_______________ Theperiodlefttheairport(20)_______________hours.MyfamilylearningTolivewithoutme.←上一页12345下一页→上一篇:_年上海市高考语文试卷及答案详解(全国统一考试) 下一篇:_年辽宁省高考英语试卷及答案详解(全国统一考试)。
2022届上海市普通高等学校招生全国统一考试数学模拟试题(一)(3)
一、单选题1. 若，，且，，则（ ）A．B．C．D．2. 已知函数，则的值域为A．B．C．D．3.等差数列的前9项的和等于前4项的和，若，则k=A ．10B ．7C ．4D ．34. 改革开放后，优越的区位条件及政策倾斜使得我国东南地区尤其是长三角地区的经济得到迅速发展，大幅度提高了长三角地区对外来人口流入的拉力作用，从而使得该地区的人口经济集聚程度进一步提升.为研究长三角地区人口密度对经济增长的贡献效应，经调查统计，得到长三角地区分阶段人口密度与贡献率，结果如图1.下列说法中错误的是（）A ．2009年以来，长三角地区新增人口渐趋平稳，人口集聚程度放缓B ．长三角地区人口密度对经济增长的贡献率呈现由增到减的发展走势C ．人口质量红利贡献率与人口数量红利贡献率相比较，人口质量红利贡献率的波动性较大D ．人口数量红利和人口质量红利相比较，人口数量红利对经济增长的贡献更为突出5. 宋代制酒业很发达，为了存储方便，酒缸是要一层一层堆起来的，形成堆垛，用简便的方法算出堆垛中酒缸的总数，古代称之为堆垛术.有这么一道关于“堆垛”求和的问题：将半径相等的圆球堆成一个三角垛，底层是每边为个圆球的三角形，向上逐层每边减少一个圆球，顶层为一个圆球，我们发现，当，2，3，4时，圆球总个数分别为1，4，10，20，则时，圆球总个数为（）A ．30B ．35C ．40D ．456. 已知向量，，则的面积为（ ）．A ．1B ．2C ．3D ．42022届上海市普通高等学校招生全国统一考试数学模拟试题（一）(3)2022届上海市普通高等学校招生全国统一考试数学模拟试题（一）(3)二、多选题三、填空题四、解答题7. 在数列中，，则A．B．C．D ．58. 为了支持民营企业发展壮大，帮助民营企业解决发展中的困难，某市政府采用分层抽样调研走访各层次的民营企业.该市的小型企业、中型企业、大型企业分别有900家、90家、10家.若大型企业的抽样家数是2，则中型企业的抽样家数应该是（ ）A ．180B ．90C ．18D ．99.已知向量，，，则下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．若，则B．若向量与的夹角为，则C ．若，则向量D ．若与的夹角为锐角，则实数的取值范围是10. 已知直线，圆的圆心坐标为，则下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．直线恒过点B．C ．直线被圆截得的最短弦长为D ．当时，圆上存在无数对点关于直线对称11. 已知O 为坐标原点，点F 为抛物线的焦点，点，直线：交抛物线C 于A ，B 两点（不与P 点重合），则以下说法正确的是（ ）A．B ．存在实数，使得C ．若，则D ．若直线PA 与PB的倾斜角互补，则12. 已知､，，则（ ）A．B．C．D．13.若，则________．14.已知双曲线，若两条直线与该双曲线有四个交点，则称该双曲线为“和谐双曲线”，请写出一个以为焦点的“和谐双曲线”的方程：______．15. 已知单位向量，的夹角为，若与垂直，则______．16. 已知函数．(1)当时，求曲线在点处的切线方程；(2)若恒成立，求实数m 的取值范围．17.如图，已知平面，平面，△为等边三角形，，为的中点.(1)求证：平面；(2) 求证：平面平面；(3) 求直线和平面所成角的正弦值.18. 乒乓球被称为中国的“国球”．20世纪60年代以来，中国乒乓球选手取得世界乒乓球比赛的大部分冠军，甚至多次包揽整个赛事的所有冠军．乒乓球比赛每局采用11分制，每赢一球得1分，一局比赛开始后，先由一方发2球，再由另一方发2球，依次每2球交换发球权，若其中一方先得11分且至少领先2分即为胜方，该局比赛结束；若双方比分打成平后，发球权的次序仍然不变，但实行每球交换发球权，先连续多得2分的一方为胜方，该局比赛结束．现有甲、乙两人进行乒乓球单打比赛，假设甲发球时甲得分的概率为，乙发球时甲得分的概率为，各球的结果相互独立，已知某局比赛甲先发球．(1)求该局比赛中，打完前4个球时甲得3分的概率；(2)求该局比赛结束时，双方比分打成且甲获胜的概率；(3)若在该局双方比分打成平后，两人又打了X个球该局比赛结束，求事件“”的概率．19. 如图，为圆锥的顶点，为底面圆心，点，在底面圆周上，且，点，分别为，的中点．求证：；若圆锥的底面半径为，高为，求直线与平面所成的角的正弦值．20. 设三个内角所对的变分别为已知(1)求角的大小；(2)如图，在的一个外角内取一点，使得，过点分别作直线的垂线，垂足分别为.设，求的最大值及此时的取值.21. 如图，在三棱锥中，H为的内心，直线AH与BC交于M，，.(1)证明：平面平面ABC；(2)若，，，求三棱锥的体积.。
2020年上海语文高考试卷及答案
2020年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海语文试卷一积累运用10分1.按要求填空。
（5分）①，造次必于是，颠沛必于是。
（《论语•里仁》）②不忍登高临远，，。
（柳永《八声甘州》）③李白在《梦游天姥吟留别》中的，两句，写梦中山路曲折，主人公流连忘返，不知不觉间天色已晚。
2.按要求选择。
（5分）（1）学校新建一座亭子，想要悬挂一幅楹联，以鼓励学生刻苦学习，志存高远，你认为合适的一联是（）。
（2分）A.读书作文，我用我法；莳花种竹，吾爱吾庐。
B.无事且从闲处乐，有书时向静中观。
C.事到知足心常惬，人至无求品自高。
D.愿乘风破万里浪，甘面壁读十年书。
（2）将下列编号的语句一次填入语段空白处，语意连贯的一项是（）。
（3分）远远望去，美术馆造型如同几个大小不一的方盒子堆叠交错，富于现代的几何感；外观黑白相映，，，。
融传统与现代于一身的第一印象，似乎预示着这座美术馆将助力传统艺术走向现代，走向世界。
①俨然从建筑立面上绘就一幅中式画卷②又恰好是水墨与宣纸的颜色③也突显出江南建筑的特点A.②③①B. ②①③C. ③①②D. ①②③二阅读70分（一）阅读下文，完成第3—7题。
（16分）中国古代有儿童文学吗？①中国古代有儿童文学吗？这个问题百年来一直存在争议。
②中国儿童文学自古有之这一观点始于1913年。
当时有学者认为，中国古代虽无“儿童文学”之名，却有儿童文学之实，并以部分古代小说与民间娱儿故事为证，后来认为古代存在儿童文学的学者几乎都以此为依据。
而反对者认为，儿童文学是现代化进程中的产物，“中国古代并未发现‘儿童’，没有‘儿童’的发现作为前提，为儿童的儿童文学不可能产生。
因此，儿童文学与一般文学不同，它只有现代而没有古代。
”③应注意的是，无论观点如何，双方都是在现代的儿童文学理论基础上立论的。
不可否认，中国古代确实不存在“儿童文学”的概念，自然也就没有相应的判断标准。
要对中国儿童文学做历史考察，不妨使用现代儿童文学标准的核心部分来衡量古代作品。
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文试题(上海卷)及答案
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）语文试题一、积累应用10分1.默写。
（5分）（1）推此志也，。
（司马迁《屈原列传》）（2），凌万顷之茫然。
（苏轼《赤壁赋》）（3）杜甫《登高》中“，”一联由眼前之景联想到沦落他乡、年老多病的处境。
【答案】（1）与日月争光可也（2）纵一苇之所如赤壁赋或前赤壁赋（3）万里悲秋常作客百年多病独登台2.选择题。
（5分）（1）将下列编号的语句依次填入空白处，语意连贯的一项是（）（2分）创新是数字劳动的重要推动力，。
，，，提供更高价值的产品和服务，持续创新创造成为必然要求。
①信息的流动速度实在太快②及时深入地洞悉顾客需求和期望③它包括对产品、系统、流程、营销和人的持续改善④有价值的技术和创意转瞬即逝A.③④①②B.③④②①C.④③②①D.③①④②（2）学校组织“《红楼梦》演出季”活动，某学生小组改编“宝玉挨打”的情节参加演出，他们力求台词符合原著中人物的身份与性格。
以下台词最恰当的一项是（）（3分）A.黛玉对宝玉说：早就对你说过，你真是执迷不悟啊！B.宝钗对宝玉说：这次活该你挨打，就是自食其果！C.贾母对贾政说：你想想，你父亲是怎么管教你的？D.王夫人对贾政说：我现在就死给你看，一了百了！【答案】（1）D （2分）（2）C（3分）二、阅读70分（一）阅读下文，完成第3—7题。
（16分）材料一：①对于经济学是不是科学，学界争论颇多。
达尔文曾这样解释科学：“科学就是整理事实，从中发现规律，作出结论。
”科学的本质取决于研究方法。
判断经济学是科学的主要依据在于它在对经济现象和规律的探索过程中运用了自然科学的研究方法。
②首先，经济学和其他自然科学一样采用实证方法，超脱了价值判断，以客观态度研究经济现象。
在十九世纪之前，经济学是以道德学说的面目出现的。
十九世纪中期之后，英国经济学家西尼尔和法国经济学家萨伊等努力使经济学摆脱价值判断，成为一门实证科学，走上了科学化之路。
现在，实证经济学已成为经济学的主流。
2023高考上海数学理科试卷含详细解答
2023年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试（上海） 数学（理工农医类） 全解全析一 填空（4’×11）1.不等式|1|1x -<地解集是 .【解析】(0,2)【解析】由11102x x -<-<⇒<<.2.若集合A ＝{x |x ≤2}、B ＝{x |x ≥a }满足A ∩B ＝{2},则实数a ＝ .【解析】2【解析】由{2}, 22A B A B a =⇒⇒= 只有一个公共元素.3.若复数z 满足z ＝i (2-z)（i 是虚数单位）,则z ＝ .【解析】1i+【解析】由2(2)11iz i z z i i=-⇒==++.4.若函数f (x )地反函数为f －1(x )＝x 2（x ＞0）,则f (4)＝ .【解析】2【解析】令12(4)()44(0)2f t ft t t t -=⇒=⇒=>⇒=.5.若向量→ a 、→ b 满足|→ a |＝1,|→ b |＝2,且→ a 与→ b 地夹角为π3,则|→ a +→b |＝ .【解析】222||()()2||||2||||cos 7||3a b a b a b a a b b a b a b a b a b π+=++=++=++=⇒+ 6.函数f (x )＝3sin x +sin(π2+x )地最大值是 .【解析】2【解析】由max ()cos 2sin()()26f x x x x f x π=+=+⇒=.7.在平面直角坐标系中,从六个点:A(0,0)、B(2,0)、C(1,1)、D(0,2)、E(2,2)、F(3,3)中任取三个,这三点能构成三角形地概率是 （结果用分数表示）.【解析】34【解析】已知A C E F B C D 、、、共线；、、共线；六个无共线地点生成三角形总数为:36C；可构成三角形地个数为:33364315C C C --=,所以所求概率为:3336433634C C C C --=；8.设函数f (x )是定义在R 上地奇函数,若当x ∈(0,+∞)时,f (x )＝lg x ,则满足f (x )＞0地x 地取值范围是 .【解析】(1,0)(1,)-+∞ 【解析】 0 ()0 1 ()00 1 x f x x f x x >>⇔><⇔<<当时，；；由f (x )为奇函数得: 0 ()010 ()0 1 x f x x f x x <>⇔-<<<⇔<-⇒当时，；结论；9.已知总体地各个体地值由小到大依次为2,3,3,7,a ,b ,12,13.7,18.3,20,且总体地中位数为10.5,若要使该总体地方差最小,则a 、b 地取值分别是 .【解析】10.5,10.5a b ==【解析】根据总体方差地定义知,只需且必须10.5,10.5a b ==时,总体方差最小；10.某海域内有一孤岛,岛四周地海平面（视为平面）上有一浅水区（含边界）,其边界是长轴长为2a ,短轴长为2b 地椭圆,已知岛上甲、乙导航灯地海拔高度分别为h 1、h 2,且两个导航灯在海平面上地投影恰好落在椭圆地两个焦点上,现有船只经过该海域（船只地大小忽略不计）,在船上测得甲、乙导航灯地仰角分别为θ1、θ2,那么船只已进入该浅水区地判别条件是 .【解析】1122cot cot 2h h a θθ⋅+⋅≤【解析】依题意, 12||||2MF MF a+≤1122cot cot 2h h a θθ⇒⋅+⋅≤；11.方程x 2+2x －1＝0地解可视为函数y ＝x +2地图像与函数y ＝1x 地图像交点地横坐标,若x 4+ax －4＝0地各个实根x 1,x 2,…,x k(k ≤4)所对应地点(x i,4x i )（i ＝1,2,…,k ）均在直线y ＝x 地同侧,则实数a 地取值范围是 .【解析】(,6)(6,)-∞-+∞ 【解析】方程地根显然0x ≠,原方程等价于34x a x+=,原方程地实根是曲线3y x a =+与曲线4y x=地交点地横坐标；而曲线3y x a =+是由曲线3y x =向上或向下平移||a 个单位而得到地。
2020年上海高考数学试卷(参考答案)
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试数学卷（上海卷）一、填空题（本题共12小题，满分54分，其中1-6题每题4分，7-12题每题5分）1. 已知集合，，求_______2. ________3. 已知复数z 满足（为虚数单位），则_______4. 已知行列式，则行列式_______5.已知，则_______6.已知a 、b 、1、2的中位数为3，平均数为4，则ab=________7.已知，则的最大值为___________8.已知是公差不为零的等差数列，且，则___________9.从6人中挑选4人去值班，每人值班1天，第一天需要1人，第二天需要1人，第三天需要2人，则有____种排法。
10.椭圆，过右焦点F 作直线交椭圆于P 、Q 两点，P 在第二象限已知都在椭圆上，且，，则直线的方程为______11.设，若存在定义域的函数既满足“对于任意，的值为或”又满足“关于的方程无实数解”，则的取值范围为______12、已知是平面内两两互不平等的向量，满足，{}1,2,4A ={}2,3,4B =A B =1lim31n n n →∞+=-12z i =-i z =126300a cd b =a c d b=()3f x x =()1f x -=20230x y y x y +≥⎧⎪≥⎨⎪+-≤⎩2z y x =-{}n a 1109a a a +=12910a a a a ++⋅⋅⋅=22143x y +=l ()(),,'','Q Q Q Q Q x y Q x y y'0Q Q y +='FQ PQ ⊥l a R ∈R ()f x 0x R ∈()0f x 20x 0x x ()f x a =α且(其中)，则K 的最大值为________二、选择题（本题共有4小题，每题5分，共计20分） 13、下列不等式恒成立的是（） A 、 B 、 C 、 D 、14、已知直线的解析式为，则下列各式是的参数方程的是（）A 、B 、C 、D 、15、在棱长为10的正方体.中，为左侧面上一点，已知点到的距离为3，点到的距离为2，则过点且与平行的直线交正方体于、1,21,2,...i j k ==，，222a b ab +≤22-2a b ab +≥2a b ab +≥-2a b ab +≤l 3410x y -+=l 4334x ty t=+⎧⎨=-⎩4334x t y t =+⎧⎨=+⎩1413x ty t =-⎧⎨=+⎩1413x ty t =+⎧⎨=+⎩1111ABCD A B C D -P 11ADD A P 11A D P 1AA P 1A C P两点，则点所在的平面是（ ）A. B. C. D.16.、若存在,对任意的，均有恒成立，则称函数具有性质，已知：单调递减，且恒成立；单调递增，存在使得，则是具有性质的充分条件是（）A 、只有B 、只有C 、D 、都不是三、解答题（本题共5小题，共计76分） 综合题分割17、已知边长为1的正方形ABCD ，沿BC 旋转一周得到圆柱体。
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(上海卷,含答案)(3)
绝密★启用前2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（上海卷，含答案）考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part. Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Class Diary (June 13-19)Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the otherblanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something.(25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react,I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret(31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Golden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42 More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded thatif simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensoryside of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managerscannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D.dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③ noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④ for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she”in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,”I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, wordsthat had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem”probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thoughtthat our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s ch anging atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2020 to 2020. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.3.5℃This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even ifnations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbonemissions; this rise could still put coastal cities underwater and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countriesto tighten emissions targets every five years. Even thisincrease could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) anddrive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set bythe Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nationslike Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃ point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we m ake that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the probl em is that we don’t know how companies will use our data be cause their business models and uses of data are still evolvin g. Large collections of personal information have become valuabl e only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years. According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they waitto get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up”escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times.A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。
上海高考语文真题及答案
上海高考语文真题及答案普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)语文一阅读 80分(一)阅读下文，完成第1—6题。
(17分)地图与理论模型①工程师在设计汽车时会按比例制作汽车模型，这种实物模型可以直观地呈现出汽车的构造，而且可以让一些实验更加便捷。
举办一场宴会前，我们会思考应该邀请谁参加、需要准备哪些食物等，这时我们其实也构建了一个模型。
这种模型与汽车模型不同，它不是一种实物，而是一种“理论”。
科学家的工作与此相似，也是构建某种理论模型，只是这类模型的特点理解起来比较困难。
②地图也是一种模型。
地图与理论模型的类比有助于我们了解理论模型的特点。
我们先来做一个练习。
请看一张某大学校园的局部地图：③这张地图的右边画有一个箭头。
请问：箭头指示的东西是什么?④人们通常会回答：箭头指示的是一幢建筑。
如果我说这答案不仅是错的，而且根本不着边，你会怎么想?你肯定会怀疑这是个把戏，没错，你的怀疑是正确的，但这个把戏的背后却是最为核心的问题。
⑤正确的答案是，箭头指示的是一个矩形图框。
这就是真正为箭头所指的东西。
人们会回答箭头指向了一幢建筑物，是因为根据地图和与之对应的实际环境，矩形图框显然表示一幢建筑物。
但建筑物只是矩形图框所表示的物体，而不是矩形图框本身。
⑥这个练习的目的是指出地图与其所表示的对象不是一码事。
当然，这只是一个把戏，生活中没有人会混淆地图上的一个矩形图框和现实中的一幢建筑。
毕竟，你可以将一张街道地图折起来放进你的口袋，却不可能把一个街道折起来放进口袋。
而理论模型与客观对象间的差别却容易被人忽略，这需要我们格外注意。
⑦我们都知道地图和它所表示的对象是不同的，但二者之间又存在着重要的联系。
那么，地图是如何与一个特定空间发生联系的呢?⑧第一，地图与它所表示的对象在结构上具有特定相似性。
就地图而言，结构的特定相似性是空间上的。
例如，地图中的线条的空间关系，与地图所表示的街道的空间关系相对应。
⑨第二，我们拥有一套社会约定来绘制和阅读地图。
2016年高考试题(政治)上海卷 解析版
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）政治一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题4分，共48分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
一、单选选择题（共90分，每题3分。
每题只能选一个选项）1.习近平总书记始终强调：人民对美好生活的向往，就是我们的奋斗目标。
这是因为中国共产党（）A.是我国的执政党B.以全心全意为人民服务为宗旨C.以工农联盟为基础D.是社会主义现代化建设的根本保证【答案】B【解析】中国共产党把人民对美好生活的向往作为自己的奋斗目标，这是由党的性质和宗旨决定的，故B符合题意；A与题意不构成因果关系；以工农联盟为基础指的是我国的人民民主专政，C项错误；坚持党的领导地位，坚持人民民主专政是社会主义现代化建设的根本保证，D项错误。
故选B【考点定位】共产党的宗旨【名师点睛】本题考查中国共产党的宗旨。
在学习中国共产党的相关知识时，要注意以下几个方面：中国共产党不是国家机关、不能履行国家职能、不是依法行政是依法执政、它与各民主党派的关系不是监督与被监督的关系，而是互相监督的关系。
2.在我国，由选民直接选举产生的是（）A.全国人大代表B.上海市闵行区人大代表C.湖南省人大代表D.广西壮族自治区人大代表【答案】B【解析】我国的选举方式是直接选举和间接选举相结合的。
现阶段，全国、省、自治区、直辖市和设区的市、自治州的人大代表实行间接选举；不设区的市、市辖区、县、自治县、民族乡、镇的人大代表实行直接选举。
故B 是直接选举，符合题意；ACD都是间接选举，与题意不符。
故选B。
【考点定位】民主选举【名师点睛】本题考查人大代表的选举方式。
在明确这个知识的基础上，我们还要明确不同的选举方式各有利弊，我们不能笼统地说哪种方式更好，必须从多个角度认识影响选举方式的因素，并学会用历史发展的辩证观点分析、判断、理解我国的选举方式的选择。
3.以下代表全国人大行使最高监督权的是A.十二届全国人大一次会议根据国家主席习近平的提名，决定国务院总理的人选B.十二届全国人大二次会议审查、批准2014年国民经济和社会发展计划C.十二届全国人大三次会议听取、审议最高人民法院的工作报告D.十二届全国人大四次会议审议《中华人民共和国慈善法（草案）》【答案】C【解析】人大的监督权是指监督宪法和法律的实施，监督“一府两院”工作的权力，故C符合题意；A是任免权的体现；B是决定权的体现；D是立法权的体现，都与题意不符。
2023年上海市高考语文试卷(含答案)
2023年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海语文试卷考生注意：1．本场考试时间150分钟。
试卷共6页，满分150分，答题纸共6页。
2．作答前，在答题纸正面填写姓名、准考证号，反面填写姓名。
将核对后的条形码贴在答题纸指定位置。
3．所有作答务必填涂或书写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的区域，不得错位。
在试卷上作答一律不得分。
4．用2B铅笔作答选择题，用黑色字迹钢笔、水笔或圆珠笔作答非选择题。
一、积累应用（10分）1．按要求填空。
（5分）（1）子日：“其‘恕’乎！______________，勿施于人。
”（《论语．卫灵公》）（2）______________，治乱之条贯，靡不毕见。
（司马迁《__________·屈原贾生列传》）（3）李白《梦游天姥吟留别》中的“______________，______________”两句，正面描写出天姥山直插云霄、耸立天外的雄伟气势。
2．按要求作答。
（5分）（1）将下列编号的语句依次填入语段空白处，语意连贯的一项是（）。
（2分）为了应对新能源车的充电难题，不少高速公路服务区正探索新的解决方案。
比如，在某服务区，一批智能移动充电机器人已上岗半年有余。
所谓充电机器人，___________，___________，___________，___________，只需扫描服务区内相关二维码进行操作、工作人员会将充电机器人移动到车辆旁边帮助充电。
①充电枪位于身后两侧②它的外形憨态可掬，像一辆小型面包车③其实就是储充一体化的移动充电宝④车主需要充电时A．②①③④B．②③④①C．③②①④D．③②④①（2）以下邀请函中，有一处画线部分语言表达不得体，请找出并修改。
（3分）尊敬的李老师：您好!【甲】感谢您三年来对我班全体同学的悉心栽培。
为了表达我们的感激之情，【乙】拟邀请您参加我们组织的毕业旅行活动，时间定于6月10日至15日，目的地是古都西安。
【丙】如果您能在百忙之中抽出时间与我们同行，我们将不胜荣幸。
2021年 上海卷 (含解析)
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 上海卷数学试卷考生注意1.本场考试时间120分钟，试卷共4页，满分150分，答题纸共2页2.作答前，在答题纸正面天蝎姓名、准考证号，反面填写姓名，将核对后的条形码贴在答题纸指定位置3.所有作答务必填涂或写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的区域，不得错位，在试卷上作答一律不得分4.用2B 铅笔作答选择题，用黑色字迹钢笔、水笔或圆珠笔作答非选择题一、填空题（本大题共有12分，满分54分，第1-6题每题4分，第7-12题每题5分） 1.已知11i z =+，223i z =+，则12z z +=_____________. 2.已知{21}A x x =≤∣，{1,0,1}B =-，则AB =__________.3.已知圆22240x y x y +--=，则该圆的圆心坐标为_____________.4.如图，正方形ABCD 的边长为3，则AB AC ⋅=____________.5.已知3()2f x x=+，则1(1)f -=____________. 6.已知二项式5()x a +展开式中，2x 项的系数为80，则a =___________. 7.已知实数x ，y 满足3220380x x y x y ≤⎧⎪--≥⎨⎪+-≥⎩，则z x y =-的最大值为_____________.8.已知无穷等比数列{}n a 和{}n b ，满足13a =，2n n b a =，n a 的各项和为9，则数列{}n b 的各项和为____________.9.已知圆柱的底面半径为1，高为2，AB 为上底面圆的一条直径，点C 为下底底面圆周上的一个动点，点C 绕着下底底面旋转一周，则ABC △面积的取值范围为____________. 10.已知花博会有四个不同的场馆A 、B 、C 、D ，甲、乙两人每人选2个去参观，则他们的选择中，恰有一个场馆相同的概率为____________.11.已知抛物线：22(0)y px p =>，若第一象限的A ，B 两点在抛物线上，焦点为F ，2AF =，||4BF =，||3AB =，则直线AB 的斜率为______________.12.已知1(1,2,,9)a i *∈=⋯N ，对任意的(28)k k *∈≤≤N ，11k k a a -=+或11k k a a +=-中有且仅有一个成立，且16a =，99a =，则19a a +⋯+的最小值为___________.二、选择题（本大题共有4分，满分20分，每小题5分）每题有且只有一个正确选项，考生应在答题纸的相应位置，将代表正确选项的小方格涂黑. 13.下列函数中，既是奇函数又是减函数的是( ) A.3y x =-B.3y x =C.3log y x =D.3x y =14.已知参数方程3234,[1,1]21x t tt y t t⎧=-⎪∈-⎨=-⎪⎩.下列选项的图中，符合该方程的是( )A. B. C. D.15.已知()3sin 2f x x =+，对任意的1π[0,]2x ∈，都存在2π[0,]2x ∈，使得12()2()2f x f x θ=++成立，则下列选项中，θ可能的值为( ) A.3π5B.4π5C.6π5D.7π516.已知1x ，1y ，2x ，2y ，3x ，3y ，两两均不相同，同时满足：①11x y <，22x y <，33x y <；②233112x y x y x y +=+=+；③33112202x y x y x y +=>，则下列选项中恒成立的是( ) A.2132x x x <+B.2132x x x >+C.2213x x x < D.2213x x x > 三、解答题（本大题共5题，满分74分）解答下列各题必须在答题纸的相应位置写出必要的步骤17.（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分） 如图，在长方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，已知2AB BC ==，13AA =.（1）若点P 是棱11A D 上的动点，求三棱锥 P ADC -的体积； （2）求直线1AB 与平面11ACC A 的夹角大小.18.（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分） 在ABC 中，A ，B ，C 对应的边分别为a ，b ，c ，且3a =，2b c =. （1）若2π3A =，求ABC S △； （2）若2sin sin 1B C -=，求ABC △的周长.19.（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）已知某企业今年（2021年）第一季度的营业额为1.1亿元，以后每个季度的营业额比上个季度增加0.05亿元，该企业第一季度的利润为0.16亿元，以后每季度比前一季度增长4%. （1）求2021年第一季度起20季度营业额的总和； （2）请问哪一季度的利润首次超过该季度营业额的18%？20.（本题满分16分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分6分） 已知22:12x y Γ+=，1F ，2F 是其左右焦点，(,0)(2)P m m <-，直线l 过点P 交Γ于A ，B两点，点,A B 在x 轴上方，其中A 在线段BP 上. （1）若B 是上顶点，11BF PF =，求m ；（2）若1213F A F A ⋅=，且原点O 到直线l 41515l 的方程；（3）证明：对于任意2m <-12//F A F B .21.（本题满分16分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分8分） 已知()f x 是定义在R 上的函数，若对任意的12,x x ∈R ，12x x S -∈，均有12()()f x f x S -∈，则称()f x 是在S 关联的.（1）判断和证明()21f x x =-是否是[0,)+∞关联？是否是[0,1]关联？（2）若()f x 是{3}关联，当[0,3)x ∈时，2()2f x x x =-，解不等式2()3f x ≤≤； （3）证明：“()f x 是{1}关联，且是[0,)+∞关联”的充要条件是“()f x 是[1,2]关联”.参考答案1.答案：34i +解析：本题主要考查复数的四则运算.因为11i z =+，223i z =+，所以1234i z z +=+.故本题正确答案为34i +. 2.答案：{1,0}-解析：本题主要考查集合的含义与表示和集合的运算.因为1{21}2A x x x x ⎧⎫==≤⎨⎬⎩⎭∣，{1,0,1}B =-，所以{1,0}A B =-.故本题正确答案为{1,0}-.3.答案：(1,2)解析：本题主要考查圆与方程.将题中圆的方程化为标准形式，可得22(1)(2)5x y -+-=，圆心为(1,2).故本题正确答案为(1,2). 4.答案：9解析：由数量积392AB AC ⋅=⋅=. 5.答案：3-解析：本题主要考查函数的概念与性质.由令321x+=，解得3x =-，所以1(1)3f -=-. 故本题正确答案为3-. 6.答案：2解析：本题主要考查二项式定理.由已知得323580C x a =，解得2a =.故本题正确答案为2. 7.答案：4解析：本题主要考查线性规划.根据题中所给约束条件可作出可行域如图所示，目标函数z x y =-可化为y x z =-，当z 最大时，直线y x z =-在y 轴上的截距最小，由图可知当直线y x z =-过直线3x =和直线380x y +-=的交点时，截距最小，联立3380x x y =⎧⎨+-=⎩，解得31x y =⎧⎨=-⎩，此时3(1)314z x y =-=--=+=，所以z 最大值为4.故本题正确答案为4.8.答案：185解析：已知13a =，故{}n a 的各项和为13911a q q ==--，解得23q =，数列{}n a 的公比为23，因为2n n b a =，故有2122249n n n n b a q b a ++===，即数列{}n b 的公比为49，又1212b a a q ==⨯=，所以数列{}n b 的各项和1221841519n b S q ===--.故本题正确答案为185. 9.答案：5]解析：本题主要考查空间几何体.上顶面圆心记为O ，下底面圆心记为O '，连接OC ，过点C 作CM AB ⊥，垂足为点M ，则12ABCSAB CM =⨯⨯，根据题意，AB 为定值2，所以ABCS 的大小随着CM 长短的变化而变化.当点M 与点O 重合时，22125CM OC ==+最大值，此时12552ABCS=⨯.当点M 与点B 重合时，CM 取最小值2，此时12222ABCS=⨯⨯=.综上所述，ABCS 的取值范围为5].10.答案：23解析：本题主要考查古典概型.根据题意，则甲乙每人去博物馆的选择均为24C 种，甲乙仅有一个馆相同，则概率为111432224423C C C C C ⋅⋅=⋅.故本题正确答案为23. 11.5解析：本题主要考查圆锥曲线.因为(,)A A A x y ，(,)B B B x y 两点在抛物线的第一象限上，F 为焦点，所以||22A p AF x ==+，||42B pBF x ==+，所以||||2B A x x BF AF -=-=，而||3AB =，所以22325B A y y -=-=，所以52B A B A y y k x x -==-.故本题正确答案为52.12.答案：31解析：令1k k k b a a +=-，则依题意，k b 和1k b +中，仅有一个为1（即只能隔项为1）若13571b b b b ====，则16a =，27a =，31a ≥，3412a a =+≥，51a ≥，5612a a =+≥，71a ≥，7812a a =+≥，99a =，此时91a a ++的最小值为31.若24681b b b b ====，则21a ≥，2312a a =+≥，41a ≥，4512a a =+≥，61a ≥，6712a a =+≥88a =，99a =，此时91a a ++的最小值为32；故最小值为31. 13.答案：A解析：A 选项，函数3y x =-是奇函数，也是减函数，故A 选项正确；B 选项，函数3y x =是奇函数，也是增函数，故B 选项错误；C 选项，函数3log y x =的定义域为(0,)+∞，所以它不是奇函数，是增函数，故C 选项错误；D 选项，函数3x y =是增函数，但是33x x --≠，所以函数3x y =不是奇函数，故D 选项错误.故选A. 14.答案：B解析：特殊值法.当0y =时，0t =，1，1-，对应0x =，1-，1，只有B 选项的图像满足该条件，故选B. 15.答案：B解析：设1()f x 范围是A ，222()f x θ++范围是B ，由题意可知A B ⊆.因为1[0,]2x π∈，所以1sin [0,1]x ∈，所以1()[2,5]f x ∈，则2min ()0f x θ+≤，2max 3()2f x θ+≥，即2min 2sin()3x θ+≤-，2max 1sin()6x θ+≥-，易知sin y x =在3[,]22x ππ∈上单调递减.A 选项，当35θπ=时，22min 31[,],sin()sin sin 5101062x x θθπ11π11π7π+∈+=>=-，故选项A 错误； B 选项，当5θ4π=时，22min 2[,],sin()sin sin 5101043x x θθ4π13π13π5π+∈+=<=<-，2max 1sin()sin 046x θ5π+=>>-，故选项B 正确；C 选项，当5θ6π=时，22max 1[,,]sin()sin sin 5105126x x θθ6π17π6π13π+∈+=<=<-，故选项C 错误；D 选项，当5θ7π=时，22max 1[,,]sin()sin sin 51010126x x θθ7π19π19π23π+∈+=<<-，故选项D错误.故选B. 16.答案：A解析：设1122332x y x y x y m +=+=+=, 由题可得1122,,x m a x m b y m a y m b ⎧=-=-⎧⎪⎨⎨=+=+⎪⎩⎩33x m c y m c =-⎧⎨=+⎩,且,,0a b ca b c ≠≠⎧⎨>⎩, 由③得()22222220m a m c m b -+-=->, 则有222222a c b m b ⎧+=⎨>⎩, 12()()2()2()x x m a m c m b b a c +=-+---=-+因为()22222(2)()2()0b a c a c a c -+=+-+> 所以122()0x x b a c +=-+>, 故A 选项正确；2222122()()()()(2)(2)2a c x x x m a m c mb b ac m ac b b a c m --=----=--+-=---上面已证(2)0b a c -->, 因为不知道m 的正负, 所以该式子的正负无法恒定. 故选A.17.答案：（1）点P 到平面ADC 的距离为13AA =，则1123233P ADC ADCV Sh -=⋅⋅=⨯⨯=. (2)连接11A C 与11B D 交于点O ，连接AC ，因为在长方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，2AB BC ==， 所以1111111,AC B D AA B D ⊥⊥，又1111AA AC A ⋂=， 所以11B D ⊥平面11ACC A ， 连接OA ，则1OB OA ⊥，即1OAB ∠为1AB 与平面11ACC A 的夹角. 在1Rt OAB 中，12OB =，113AB = 1112216133sin OB OAB AB ∠=== 所以1arcsin2136OAB ∠=， 所以1AB 与平面11ACC A 的夹角为arcsin2613.18.答案：(1)3a =，2b c =，由余弦定理得，222222492π1cos cos 2432b c a c c A bc c +-+-====-， 解得37c =，67b ，三角形的面积1sin 2ABC S bc A =△167372πsin 23=93=(2)2b c =，由正弦定理2sin sin sin a b cr A B C===（r 为外接圆半径）得sin 2sin B C =，因为2sin sin 1B C -=， 所以1sin 3C =，2sin 3B =，因为2b c =，所以B C >，π2C <，则cos C =，cos B =，sin sin()sin cos cos sin A B C B C B C =+=+=，则sin sin a C c A =三角形的周长为323C a b c c c =++=++=+.19.答案：（1）由题意可知，可将每个季度的营业额看做等差数列， 则首项1 1.1a =，公差0.05d =， 所以20120(201)2020 1.110190.0531.52S a d -=+=⨯+⨯⨯=. 答：今年起的前20个季度的总营业额为31.5亿元.（2）假设今年第一季度往后的第n （*n ∈N ）季度的利润首次超过该季度营业额的18%， 则需要求解0.16(14%)(1.10.05)18%n n ⋅+>+⋅， 令()0.16(14%)(1.10.05)18%n f n n =⋅+-+⋅，*n ∈N ， 即要解()0f n >， 则当2n ≥时，1()(1)0.0064(14%)0.009n f n f n ---=⋅+-，令()(1)0f n f n -->，解得10n ≥，即当19n ≤≤时，()f n 递减；当10n ≥时，()f n 递增. 由于(1)0f <，因此()0f n >的解只能在10n ≥时取得， 经检验，(24)0f <，(25)0f >，因此今年第一季度往后的第25个季度，即2027年第二季度的利润首次超过该季度营业额的18%.20.答案：(1)若B 为上顶点，则22112BF b c a PF =+===， 因为1(1,0)F -，2(1,0)F，11PF m =--， 所以1m =-(2)设点,sin )A θθ，则222121(21)sin 2cos 1sin 3F A F A θθθθθ⋅=+-+=-+=， 因为A 在线段BP 上，横坐标小于0，所以解得cos θ=，所以A ⎛ ⎝⎭. 设直线l 的方程为(1)(0)y k x kx k k =+=++>， 由原点O 到直线l可得： d ==， 化简得231030k k -+=，解得3k =或13k =， 所以直线l的方程为13y x =+3y x =(舍去，无法满足m <， 故直线l 的方程为13y x =(3)联立直线与椭圆方程2212y kx km x y =-⎧⎪⎨+=⎪⎩ 得()22222124220k x k mx k m +-+-=，设()11,A x y ，()22,B x y ， 则2122412k m x x k +=+，221222212k m x x k -=+. 因为12//F A F B ，所以()()211211x y x y -=+，而y kx km =-，所以化简可得122212x x k-=-+.而122212x x k -==-+， 两边同时平方化简得2224210k k m -+=，整理可得22142k m m =--，当m <221042k m=->-， 而点A ，B 在x 轴上方，所以k 有且仅有一个解，所以对于任意m <12//F A F B 的直线有且仅有一条.21.答案：（1）任取12,x x ∈R ，若12[0,)x x -∈+∞， 则1212(()()2[0,))f x f x x x -=-∈+∞，()f x ∴是[0,)+∞关联，若12[0,1]x x -∈，则1212()()2()[0,2]f x f x x x -=-∈，()f x ∴不是[0,1]关联.（2）因为()f x 是在{}3关联的，所以对于任意123x x -=，12()()3f x f x -=，所以(3)()3f x f x +=+对x ∀∈R 恒成立，因为当[3,33)x k k ∈+时，3[0,3)x k -∈，且当[0,3)x ∈时，22()2(1)1f x x x x =-=--，所以当[3,33)x k k ∈+时，2()(31)31f x x k k =--+-，其中k ∈Z ， 所以函数()f x 的对称轴为直线31x k =+，所以当[3,33)x k k ∈+时，()[(31),(33))f x f k f k ∈++， 即()[31,33)f x k k ∈-+，所以当313k ->或332k +≤时，不等式2()3f x ≤≤无解， 所以当43k >或13k ≤-时，不等式2()3f x ≤≤无解，所以当1433k -<时，不等式2()3f x ≤≤有解， 因为k ∈Z ，所以0k =或1k =.①当0k =时，[0,3)x ∈，22()2(1)1f x x x x =-=--，解2()3f x ≤≤得到23(1)4x ≤-≤，13x +≤≤，13x +≤<.②当1k =时，[3,6)x ∈，2()(4)2f x x =-+，解2()3f x ≤≤得到20(4)1x ≤-≤，所以35x ≤≤.综上所述，不等式2()3f x ≤≤的解集为1,5]+.（3）①先证明：“()f x 是在{}1关联的，并且在[0,)+∞关联”⇒“()f x 是在[1,2]关联的”. 任取12 x x ∈R 、，因为()f x 是在{1}关联的，所以当121x x -=时，12()()1f x f x -=，即(1)()1f x f x +-=，所以()()()f x k f x k k +-=∈Z .因为()f x 是在[0,)+∞关联的，所以当120x x -≥时，12()()0f x f x -≥，所以函数()f x 在R 上单调递增，下面证明函数()f x 是在[1,2]关联的.任取12[1,2]x x -∈，即1212x x ≤-≤，所以121x x ≥+，122x x ≤+，因为函数()f x 在R 上单调递增，所以1222(()()1()1)f x f x f x f x -≥+-=，1222()()(2)()2f x f x f x f x -≤+-=，即121()()2f x f x ≤-≤，即函数()f x 是在[1,2]关联的.综上所述，“()f x 是在{}1关联的，并且在[0,)+∞关联”⇒“()f x 是在[1,2]关联的”. ②“()f x 是在[1,2]关联的”⇒“()f x 是在{}1关联的，并且在[0,)+∞关联”. 因为()f x 是在[1,2]关联的，所以任取12x x ∈R 、，且满足1212x x ≤-≤，都有121()()2f x f x ≤-≤，下面证明(1)()1f x f x +-=.反证法：假设(1)()1f x f x +-<，则与()f x 是在[1,2]关联矛盾，舍去. 假设(1)()1f x f x +->，所以(2)(1)1()2f x f x f x +>++>+，即(2)()2f x f x +->，与()f x 是在[1,2]关联矛盾，舍去. 所以(1)()1f x f x +-=，即函数()f x 是在{}1关联的. 再证明函数()f x 是在[0,)+∞关联的.先证明对于任意n ∈N ，()f x 是在[,1]n n +关联的， 任取12[,1]x x n n -∈+，即121n x x n ≤-≤+，所以121(1)2x n x ≤---≤，因为函数()f x 是在[1,2]关联的，所以121[(1)]()2f x n f x ≤---≤，因为函数()f x 是在{}1关联的，所以()()f x k f x k +=+，所以121()(1)()2f x n f x ≤---≤，所以12()()1n f x f x n ≤-≤+，所以任意n ∈N ，()f x 是在[,1]n n +关联的，所以函数()f x 是在[0,)+∞关联的.综上所述，函数()f x 是在{}1关联的，且在[0,)+∞关联. 即“()f x 是在[1,2]关联的”⇒“()f x 是在{}1关联的，并且在[0,)+∞关联”. 结合①②可得，“()f x 是在{}1关联的，并且在[0,)+∞关联”当且仅当“()f x 是在[1,2]关联的”.。
2000年高考语文试题及答案(上海卷)
2000年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海语文试卷一阅读（80分）（一）阅读下文，完成1-4题。
（10分）“知识经济”正以飓风的速度和威力裹袂着我们奔向新世纪。
我们怎样思考这一问题呢？这里可以提供生活中的一个例子。
当年，电冰箱出现时，家庭主妇和家庭成员都为之兴奋，在炎热的夏天，一边喝着清凉的饮料，一边在海边的沙滩上晒太阳。
没有多久，他们发现皮炎增加，人们在尽情地享受使用电冰箱的乐趣时，并没有哪个人把皮炎和电冰箱联系起来。
随着基础研究工作的深入，在南极上空发现了巨大的臭氧层空洞，臭氧的减少，导致紫外光的增多，紫外光灼伤了皮肤，引发了皮炎，在发现含氟氯的烃类化合物是造成这一结果的凶手的同时，人们自然想到了电冰箱，是科学知识把两个看起来不相干的问题联系起来了。
由于这一问题涉及全人类，因此，全社会行动起来，又是立法，又是定条文，着手解决这一问题。
最厉害的杀手锏是到某时间限制含氟氯烃的电冰箱进入市场。
这就刺激人们去开发氟氯烃的替代物，于是仅用了3-5年时间，替代物像雨后春笋一样冒了出来，各种无氟、少氟的电冰箱相继问世，人们又有了自由选择的余地。
众多的品牌使消费者产生了新的困惑。
怎样选择才能真正表达自己保护环境的志向呢？应运而生，就出现了第三方面的认证服务。
发一个绿色标志，在产品上一贴，消费者不费力就可以判断哪个品牌符合环保要求。
这就又形成了一个市场，即咨询服务市场。
①剖析这个小例子，不难发现，知识在其中起到“红娘”的作用。
②在上面这个小例子中所涉及的知识是多方面的，有软科学、硬技术，涉及到基础科学研究、国际贸易、化学合成、轻工制造、咨询服务等学科和行业。
③我们还不给发现，所以出现上述这些需要研究的领域，说到底是因为环境保护的需要。
④科学的发展使人们能更清醒地检讨过去的事情，有些当时可能是合量的，但现在从保护环境的角度，用持续发展的观点去衡量就可能是不可取的。
⑤随着科学技术的发展，这种事情可能愈来愈多多，这大概就是人们常说的“环境保护的挑战”。
2023年高考英语试题(上海)(2023年word版)
2023年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷试卷题解考生注意:1.笔试部分共16页,分第I卷（第21题-第105题）和第II卷。
考试时间为120分钟。
2.笔试部分（第21题-第105题）地解析必须涂在同一张答题纸上,从序号21开始。
每一小题只有一个正确解析,考生应将代表该解析地小方格涂黑。
注意试卷题号和答题纸编号一一对应,不能错位。
解析需要更改时,只要将原选项用塑料橡皮擦去,重新选择即可。
解析不能写在试卷上,如写在试卷上一律不给分。
3.本试卷分为第I卷（第1-12页）和第II卷（第13-16页）两部分,全卷共6页。
第II卷（共45分）4.第II卷共两大题,请考生用钢笔或圆珠笔将解析直接写在试卷上。
5.答卷前将密封线内地项目填写清楚。
第I卷（五大题,共135分）一、听力部分（第1——第20题,共30分。
考试时间为30分钟。
）I. Listening ComprehensionPart A Short ConversationsDirections: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each question, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers in your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. About 60. B. About 50.C. About 30.D. About 25.2. A. Her health. B. The class she missed.C. The coming examination.D. The difficult lessons.3. A. Making an appointment. B. Deciding what to do.C. Checking the time.D. Going to class.4. A. She wants him to stay longer.B. She wishes he had left sooner.C. She knows he must go soon.D. She wants him to go now.5. A. Mother and child. B. Manager and customer.C. Teacher and student.D. Boss and clerk.6. A. Mother and father. B. Teacher and student.C. Two friends.D. Parent and child.7. A. She wonders why they can’t go for a walk.B. She doesn’t want to go for a walk in the park.C. She doesn’t want to go out with the man.D. She thinks it’s a good idea.8. A. In the morning. B. At an early age.C. Half an hour ago.D. At six o’clock.9. A. In a park. B. In a museum.C. In a zoo.D. In a pet store.10. A. Because of the size. B. Because of the colour.C. Because of the material.D.Because of the style.Part B Longer ConversationsDirections: In Part B you will hear two longer conversations. After each conversation you will be asked two questions. The conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 and 12 are based on the following conversation11. A. She can fix the loose connector.B. She’s annoyed by a strange noise.C. She doesn’t like the screen.D. Her computer doesn’t work.12. A. The man is going over to the woman’s place.B. The problem is solved.C. The man doesn’t know what’s wrong with the computer.D. The computer is completely broken.Questions 13 and 14 are based on the following conversation.13. A. A reporter. B. A school teacher.C. A traveler.D. A musician.14. A. To give more concerts. B. TO travel abroad.C. To run a special school.D. To perform more beautifully.Part C PassagesDirections: In Pat C, you will hear two short passages and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 15 through 17 are based on the following passage15. A. She caught a butterfly.B. She set a butterfly free.C. She saw a butterfly flying away.D. She changed a butterfly into a fairy.16. A. Letter her have any wish she would like.B. Letting her go anywhere she would like.C. Making her rich.D. Making her popular in the neighborhood.17. A. How to help others.B. The secret life of a young girl.C. The true meaning of happiness.D. Beauty brings happiness.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following passage.18. A. Nurse. B. Doctors.C. Patients.D. Visitors.19. A. Having soft drinks.B. Listening to the hospital radio.C. Smoking in certain areas.D. Visiting patients in the morning.20. A. A music programme. B. A medical report.C. Hospital rules.D. A talk show.That’s the end of Listening ComprehensionII. GrammarDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.21 The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, ___?A. did theyB. didn't theyC. did itD. didn't it22. They are not very good, but we like___.A. anyway to play basketball with themB. to play basketball with them anywayC. to play with them basketball anywayD. with them to play basketball anyway23. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ___ your lecture.A. couldn't have attendedB. needn't have attendedC. mustn't have attendedD. shouldn't have attended24. My uncle ___ until he was forty-five.A. marriedB. didn't marriedC. was not marryingD. would marry25. Not a single song ___ at yesterday's party.A. she sangB. sang sheC. did she singD. she did sing26. ___ of the land in that district ___ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth … isB. Two fifth … areC. Two fifths … isD. Two fifths … are27. ___ she couldn't understand was ___ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A. What … whyB. That … whatC. What … becauseD. Why … that28. Recently I bought an ancient vase, ___ was very reasonable.A. which priceB. the price of whichC. its priceD. the price of those29. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ___.A. who is heB. who he isC. who is itD. who it is30. She found her calculator ___ she lost it.A. whereB. whenC. in whichD. that31. He sent me an e-mail, ___ to get further information.A. hopedB. hopingC. to hope D hope32. I know nothing about the young lady ___ she is from Beijing.A. exceptB. except forC. except thatD. besides33. What he has down is far from ___.A. satisfactoryB. satisfiedC. satisfaction D satisfy34. You're standing too near the camera. Can you move ___?A. a bit farB. a little fartherC. a bit of fartherD. a little far35. Greenland, ___ island in the world, covers over two million square kilometres.A. it is the largestB. that is the largestC. is the largestD. the largest36. If only he ___ quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldn't suffer so much now.A. liesB. layC. had lainD. shouldn't lie37. in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A. Being foundedB. It was foundedC. FoundedD. Founding38. An awful accident ___, however, occur the other day.A. doesB. didC. has toD. had to39. The ___ boy was last seen ___ near the East Lake.A. missing … playingB. missing … playC. missed … playedD. missed … to play40. Tony was very unhappy for ___ to the party.A. having not been invitedB. not having invitedC having not invited D. not having been invited41 --- Shall I help you with that suitcase?--- ___.A. It's all right, thanks.B. Yes, go ahead please.C. I don't want to trouble you too much.D. No, please don't do it.42 --- You've given us a wonderful Chinese dinner, Mrs. Wang.--- ____.A. Oh, I'm afraid I didn't cook very well.B. I'm glad you enjoyed itC. Come again when you are free.D. it's not necessary for you to say so43 ---do you mind if I keep pets in that building?---____.A. I'd rather you didn't, actually.B. Of course not, it's not allowed there.C. Great! I love pets.D. No, you can't.44---I don't have any change with me. Will you pay the fare for me?---____.A. That's fineB. Nothing seriousC. Never mindD. No problem45 ---I didn't know that was a one-way street, officer.---____.A. That's all rightB. I don't believe youC. How dare you say thatD. Sorry, but that's no excuseIII. VocabularyDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.46. The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n)____ of courage and power.A. exampleB. signC. markD. symbol47. We volunteered to collect money to help the ____ of the earthquake.A. victimsB. folksC. fellowsD. villagers48 If you don't take away all your things from the desk, there won't be enough____for my stationery.A. areaB. placeC. roomD. surface49. It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to ____.A. rewardB. prizesC. awardsD. results50. I wrote him a letter to show my____ of his thoughtfulness.A. achievementB. agreementC. attentionD. appreciation51 One of the advantages of living on the top of the floor of a highrise is that you can get a good ___.A. sightB. sceneC. viewD. look52. ---Excuse me, may I ask you some questions?---Sorry, I'm too busy and haven't a minute to ____.A. spendB. spareC. shareD. stop53. Although the working mother is very busy, she still____ a lot of time to her children.A. devotesB. spendsC. offersD. provides54. When I opened the door, a parcel on the floor ____my eye.A. metB. caughtC. drewD. attracted55. After the president made an official announcement, she expressed her ____opinion.A. personalB. privateC. singleD. individual56. Alice laid her baby on the sofa____ and wrapped it with a blanket.A. silentlyB. tenderlyC. friendlyD. comfortably57. Fred is second to none in maths in our class, but believe it or not, he ____passed the last exam.A. easilyB. hardlyC. actuallyD. successfully58. Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercises. _____, our minds are developed by learning.A. ProbablyB. LikelyC. SimilarlyD. Generally59. He holds an important position in that company; ______, I don't quite trust him.A. ThusB. FurthermoreC. OtherwiseD. Nevertheless60.If you had _____your test paper carefully before handing it in, you would have made fewer mistakes.A. looked upB. thought aboutC. gone overD. gone roundIV. ClozeDirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)Bedtime stories are one of the delights of early childhood. But according to Dr. Julie Spreadbury from Queensland University, parent should not _61__ up reading to their children_62__they enter primary school. She says listening to, reading and discussing the stories help children's_63_."My_64__ indicates that once children can read themselves, most parent stop reading_65__them," Dr. Spreadbury says."_66__may be at the end of year 1,which is far too_67__."Dr. Spreadbury says _68_reading not only gives children a good start at school. But brings parents and children closer."that makes it _69__for them to open up and talk to parents about things that worrying them, or things they are _70__ in their everyday life."61. A. speed B. keep C. give D. hold62. A. after B. until C. if D. unless63. A. thinking B. comprehension C. relaxation D. development64. A. theory B. research C. story D. decision65. A. about B. from C. to D. through66. A. Some B. Most C. They D. That67. A. difficult B. early C. much D. informal68. A. daily B. healthy C. fast D. bedtime69. A. easier B. funnier C. rarer D. clearer70. A. reading B. promising C. celebrating D. receiving(B)Chinese scientists are again becoming excited about the fact that a large hairy animal may live in central China. Now they hope it won't be too long before they are able to _71_its existence. Their confidence is the _72_of a new discovery of the mystery animal in Hubei Province.Ten Chinese _73__, enjoying a holiday in a National Forest Park, were driving down a road. As their bus turned a corner, the men were suddenly _74_by what they saw. Three_75_animals, covered with longblack hair, were crossing the road. On seeing the animal, the engineers immediately stopped and _76_them. _77_, when they saw how the animals moved through the forest with great_78_ and strength, they did not dare to follow any further.The men did not take any _79_. However, scientists are_80_ by the discovery, because the engineers were all very educated people and scientists feel they can _81_What they described.After the discovery, scientists returned to the forest and_82_some hair and measured footprints. About 20 inches appears to be the animal's foot！ Chinese scientists have now set up a special group to exchange information and make a_83_of the forest. But in the meantime, some people_84_to believe that that half-man, half-monkey exists. They will not believe that it is _85_until one of the animals have been caught.71. A. prove B. analyze C. protect D. check72. A. basis B. requirement C. result D. preparation73. A. travellers B. engineers C. scientists D. explorers74. A. frightened B. amazed C. upset D. inspired75. A. trained B. projected C. tall D. violent76. A. shot at B. looked at C. fought with D. ran after77. A. However B. Indeed C. Meanwhile D. Anyway78. A. difficult B. speed C. care D. pleasure79. A. bullets B. tools C. medicines D. photographs80. A. surprised B. delighted C. disturbed D. supported81. A. rely on B. deal with C. write down D. pass on82. A. cut B. pulled C. collected D. tore83. A. film B. tour C. choice D. study84. A. come B. refuse C. prefer D. have85. A. wrong B. alive C. real D.correctIV. Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The famous director of a big and expensive movie planned to film a beautiful sunset over the ocean, so that the audiences could see his hero and heroine in front of it at the end of the film as they said goodbye to each other for ever. He sent camera crew out one evening to film the sunset for him.The next morning he said to the men, "Have you provided me with that sunset? ""No, Sir," the men answered.The director was angry. "Why not? " he asked."Well, Sir, " one of the men answered, "we are on the east coast here, and the sun sets in the west. We can get you a sunrise over the sea, if necessary, but not a sunset.""But I want a sunset!" the director shouted. "Go to the airport, take the next flight to the west coast, and get one. "But then a young secretary had an idea. "Why don't you photograph a sunrise, " she suggested, "and then play it backwards? Then it'll look like a sunset.""That's a very good idea! " the director said. Then he turned to the camera crew and said, "Tomorrow morning I want you to get me a beautiful sunrise over the sea. "The camera crew went out early the next morning and filmed a bright sunrise over the beach in the middle of a beautiful bay（海湾）. Then at nine o'clock they took it to the director. "Here it is, Sir, " they said, and give it to him. He was very pleased.They all went into the studio（摄影棚）. "All right, " the director explained, "now our hero and heroine are going to say goodbye. Run the film backwards so that we can see the 'sunset' behind them. "The "sunset" began, but after a quarter of a minute, the director suddenly put his face in his hands and shouted to the camera crew to stop.The birds in the file were flying backwards, and the waves on the sea were going away from the beach.86.One evening, the director sent his camera crew out____.A. to watch a beautiful sunsetB. to find an actor and an actressC. to film a scene on the seaD. to meet the audience87.Why did the director want to send his crew to the west coast?A. Because he changed his mind about getting a sunsetB. Because he was angry about his crewC. Because it was his secretary's suggestion.D. Because he wanted to get a scene of sunset88.Which of the following is NOT true?A. The crew had to follow the secretary's advice.B. If you want to see a sunrise, the east coast is a place to go.C. The camera crew wasn't able to film the scene the first dayD. The director ordered his crew to stop filming the "sunset"89 The director wanted to film a sunset over the ocean because_____.A. it went well with the separation of the hero and heroineB. when they arrived at the beach it was already in the eveningC. it was more moving than a sunriseD. the ocean looked more beautiful at sunset90.After the "sunset" began, the director suddenly put his face in his hands____.A. because he was moved to tearsB. as he saw everything in the film moving backwardsC. as the sunrise did not look as beautiful as he had imaginedD. because he was disappointed with the performance of the hero and the heroine(B)I came to study in the United States a year ago. Yet I did not know the American society until I was injured in a car accident because after the accident I had to see a doctor-and go to court（法庭）.After the accident, my roommate called a doctor for me. I was very grateful and determined to repay him one day. But the next day, he asked me to pay him $200 for what he had done. I was astonished. He had good reason to charge me, he said. And if I wanted to collect money from the person who was responsible for my injury, I'd have to have a good lawyer. Now that he had helped me to find a good doctor, it was only fair that I should pay him.But every time I went to see the doctor, I had to wait about 50 minutes. He would see two or three patients at the same time, and often stop treating one so as to see another. Yet he charged me $115 each time. The final examination report consisted of ten lines, and it cost me $215.My lawyer was all smiles the first time we met. But after that he avoided seeing me at all. he knew very well the other party was responsible for the accident, yet he hardly did anything. He simply waited to collect his money. He was so irresponsible that I decided to dismiss（解雇）him. And he made me pay him $770.Now I had to act as my own lawyer. Due to my inexperience, I told the insurance the date I was leaving America. Knowing that, they played for time, … and I left without getting a cent.My experiences taught me two things about America: firstly, in a country like America money is everything. It is more important than friendship honour or professional morality（职业道德）. Secondly, foreigners are still being unfairly treated. So when we talk about America, we should see both its good and bad sides.91.The author's roommate offered to help him because_____.A. he felt sorry for the authorB. he thought it was a chance to make some moneyC. he knew the doctor was a very good oneD. he wanted the author to have a good lawyer92. A good doctor is essential for the author to____.A. be properly treatedB. talk with the person responsible for the accidentC. recover before he leaves AmericaD. eventually get the responsible party to pay for his injury93.The word " charge " in the passage means____.A. be responsibleB. accuseC. ask as a priceD. claim94.both the doctor and the lawyer in that passage are very___.A. friendlyB. greedyC. professionalD. busy95.What conclusion can you draw from that story?A. Going to court is something every common in AmericaB. One must be very careful while driving a carC. There are more bad sides in America than good sidesD. Money is more important than other things in the US(C)Laptop（便携式）computers are popular all over the world. People use them on trains and airplanes, in airports and hotels. These laptop connect people to their work place. In the United States today, laptops also connect students to their classrooms.Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer programthat allows students to do school work anywhere they want. Withinfive years, each of the 1,500 students at the college will receive a laptop. The laptops are a part of a $10million computer program at Westlake, a 110-year old college. The students with laptops will also have access to the Internet. In addition, they will be able to use e-mail to "speak" with their tethers, their classmates, and their families. However, the most important part of the laptop program is that students will be able to use computers without going to computer labs. They can work with it at home, in a fast-food restaurant or under the trees-anywhere at all!Because of the many changes in computer technology, laptop use in higher education, such as colleges and universities, is workable. As laptops become more powerful, they become more similar to desktop computers. In addition, the portable computers can connect students to not only Internet, but also libraries and other resources. State higher-education officials are studying how laptops can help students. State Officials also are testing laptop programs at other universities, too.At Westlake College, more than 60 percent of the staff use the computers. The laptops will allow all teachers to use computers in their lessons. As one Westlake teacher said, "Here we are in themiddle of Virginia and we're giving students a window on the world. They can see everything and do everything. "96 The main purpose of the laptop program is to give each student a laptop to____.A. use for their schoolworkB. access the InternetC. work at homeD. connect them to libraries97 Why is the word "speak" in the second paragraph in quotation mark?A. They don't really talkB. They use the computer languageC. Laptops have speakersD. None of the above reasons is correct98 Which of the following is true about Westlake College?A. All teachers use computersB. 1,500 students have laptopsC. It is an old college in AmericaD. Students there can do everything99. A window on the world in the last paragraph means that students can____.A. attend lectures on information technologyB. travel around the worldC. get information from around the worldD. have free laptops100. What can we infer（推断）passage?A. The program is successfulB. The program is not workableC. The program is too expensiveD. We don't know the result yet(D)Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. that kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though,loneliness can last for yeas. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.The first kind of loneliness is temporary（暂时地）. that is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation-for example, family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although that kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year.The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic（长期地）usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. we depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their popularity.Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.101.How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?A. Talk to friendsB. Just ignore itC. Go to see a doctorD. Ask your teachers for guidance102."It" in the last sentence of the second paragraph refers to_____.A. temporary lonelinessB. situational lonelinessC. a new placeD sleeplessness103.The topic of the 4th paragraph is that____.A. one problem of loneliness is a person's social contactsB. we depend on various person for different reasonsC. lonely people don't have many social problemsD. lonely people don't have many friends104. Why do psychologists want to help chronically lonely people?A. Chronic loneliness can cause family problemsB. Chronic loneliness can cause serious illnessC. Chronic loneliness can not be overcomeD. A, B and C are all correct105 What is the best title for the passage?A. Three Kinds of LonelinessB. Loneliness and DiseasesC. Loneliness and Social ContactsD. Chronic LonelinessI. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in the brackets.1. 让我们利用这次长假去香港旅游。
2022年上海市高考英语答题卡A3
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2019年6月上海高考英语试题III. Reading Comprehension(试题,答案)
2019年6月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.We’re told that writing is dying. Typing on keyboards and screens 41 written communication today. Learning cursive (草书), joined-up handwriting was once 42 in schools. But now, not so much. Countries such as Finland have dropped joined-up handwriting lessons in schools 43 typing courses. And in the U. S., the requirement to learn cursive has been left out of core standards since 2013. A few U. S. states still place value on formative cursive educa tion, such as Arizona, but they’re not the 44 .Some experts point out that writing lessons can have indirect 45 . Anne Trubek, author of The History and Uncertain Future of Handwriting, argues that such lessons can reinforce a skill called automaticity. That’s when you’ve perfected a task, and can do it almost without thinking. 46 you extra mental bandwidth to think about or do other things while you’re doing the task. In this sense, Trubek likens handwriting to 47 .“Once you have driven for a while, you don’t 48 think ‘Step on gas now’ (or) ‘Tu rn the steering wheel a bit’,”she explains. “Y ou just do it. That’s what we want children to 49 when learning to write. You and I don’t think‘now make a loop going up for the ‘I’or ‘now look for the letter ‘r’on the keyboard’.” Trubek has written many essays and books on handwriting, and she doesn’t believe it will die out for a very long time, “i f ever”. But she believes students are learning automaticity faster with keyboards than with handwriting: students are learning how to type without looking at the keys at 50 ages, and to type faster than they could write, granting them extra time to think about word choice or sentence structure. In a piece penned (if you’l l pardon the expression) for the New York Times last year, Trubek argued that due to the improved automaticity of keyboards, today’s children may well become better communicators in text as 51 takes up less of their education. This is a(n) 52 that has attracted both criticism and support.She explains that two of the most common arguments she hears from detractors regarding the decline of handwriting is that not 53 it will result in a “loss of hist ory” and a “loss of personal touch”.On the former she 54 that 95% of handwritten manuscripts can’t be read by the average person anyway “that’s why we have paleographers,”she explains, paleography being the study of ancient styles of writing while the latter refers to the warm 55 we give to handwritten personal notes, such as thank-you cards. Some educators seem to agree, at least to an extent.41. A. abandons B. dominates C. enters D. absorbs42. A. compulsory B. opposite C. crucial D. relevant43. A. in want of B. in case of C. in favour of D. in addition to44. A. quantity B. minimum C. quality D. majority45. A. responsibility B. benefits C. resources D. structure46. A. granting B. getting C. bringing D. coming47. A. sleeping B. driving C. reviewing D. operating48. A. eventually B. constantly C. equivalently D. consciously49. A. adopt B. reach C. acquire D. activate50. A. slower B. later C. faster D. earlier51. A. handwriting B. adding C. forming D. understanding52. A. trust B. look C. view D. smile53. A. containing B. spreading C. choosing D. protecting54. A. commits B. counters C. completes D. composes55. A. associations B. resources C. procedures D. interactionsSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AAll I had to do for the two dollars was clean her house for a few hours after school. It was a beautiful house, too, with a plastic-covered sofa and chairs, wall-to-wall blue-and-white carpeting, a white enamel stove, a washing machine and a dryer things that were common in her neighborhood, absent in mine. In the middle of the war, she had butter, sugar, steaks, and seam-up-the-back stockings.I knew how to scrub floors on my knees and how to wash clothes in our zinc tub, but I had never seena Hoover vacuum cleaner or an iron that wasn’t heated by fire.Part of my pride in working for her was earning money I could squander (浪费): on movies, candy, paddleball, jacks, ice-cream cones. But a larger part of my pride was based on the fact that I gave half my wages to my mother, which meant that some of my earnings were used for real things an insurance-policy payment or what was owed to the milkman or the iceman. The pleasure of being necessary to my parents was profound. I was not like the children in folktales: burdensome mouths to feed, nuisances to be corrected, problems so severe that they were abandoned to the forest. I had a status that doing routine chores in my house did not provide and it earned me a slow smile, an approving nod from an adult. Confirmations that I was adultlike, not childlike.In those days, the forties, children were not just loved or liked; they were needed. They could earn money; they could care for children younger than themselves; they could work the farm, take care of the herd, run errands (差事), and much more. I suspect that children aren’t needed in that way now. They are loved, doted on, protected, and helped. Fine, and yet…Little by little, I got better at cleaning her house good enough to be given more to do, much more. I was ordered to carry bookcases upstairs and, once, to move a piano from one side of a room to the other. I fell carrying the bookcases. And after pushing the piano my arms and legs hurt so badly. I wanted to refuse, or at least to complain, but I was afraid she would fire me, and I would lose the freedom the dollar gave me, as well as the standing I had at home although both were slowly being eroded. She began to offer me her clothes, for a price. Impressed by these worn things, which looked simply gorgeous to a little girl who had only two dresses to wear to school, I bought a few. Until my mother asked me if I really wanted to work for castoffs. So I learn ed to say “No, thank you” to a faded sweater offered for a quarter of a week’s pay.Still, I had trouble summoning (鼓起) the courage to discuss or object to the increasing demands she made. And I knew that if I told my mother how unhappy I was she would tell me to quit. Then one day, alone in the kitchen with my father, I let drop a few whines about the job. I gave him details, examples of what troubled me, yet although he listened intently, I saw no sympathy in his eyes. No “Oh, you poor little thing.” Perhaps he understood that what I wanted was a solution to the job, not an escape from it. In any case, he put down his cup of coffee and said, “Listen. You don’t live there. You live here. With your people. Go to work. Get your money. And come on home.”That was what he said. This was what I heard:Whatever the work is, do it well not for the boss but for yourself.You make the job: it doesn’t make you.Your real life is with us, your family.You are not the work you do: you are the person you are.I have worked for all sorts of people since then, geniuses and morons, quick-witted and dull, big-hearted and narrow. I’ve had many kinds of jobs, but since that conversation with my father I have never considered the level of labor to be the measure of myself, and I have never placed the security of a job above the value of home.56. What is the “pleasure” o f the author from the sentence “The pleasure of being necessary to my parents was profound. (par agraph 3)”?A. She was proud as she could earn money for her mother.B. Her own value of being needed.C. She is distinctive from those children in folktales.D. She enjoyed a status of being an adult in her family.57. According to the article, which of the following is true about children in the 1940s and now?A. Children become needed, loved and liked when they are at forty.B. Children in modern times are less likely to be spoiled by parents.C. Children in 1940s are capable as they can handle various daily routine.D. Children in modern times aren’t needed to do daily works any more.58. What did the author’s father make her understand?A. Don’t escape from difficulties at work.B. Whatever decision she made, her father would support her.C. Convey her dissatisfaction with her work.D. Make a distinction between work and life.59. Which of the following corresponds to the author’s views in the passage?A. Don’t regard work achievement as a criterion for evaluating oneself.B. Hard work is a struggle for a better future in your limited life.C. Parents are the best teachers of children.D. Job security is less valuable when compared with family.BGeographers are interested in the spatial patterns observed on earth. Bridging the natural and social sciences, Geography is the interdisciplinary study of environments and how people interact with the environment. It is important to study geog raphy because many of the world’s problems require understanding the interdependence between human activities and the environment. Geography is therefore a beneficial major for students because its theories and methods provide them with analytical skills relevant to occupations focused on solving social and environmental problems. The Department of Geography offers eight majors that help students tailor their focus of study.The Geography-globalization and Development major will provide students with a sophisticated understanding of contemporary global issues and a geographical framework for analyzing key issues involved in national and international development. Reflecting the discipline of geography as a whole, this major emphasizes an integrated approach to studying the relationship of global change to individual and community well-being by combining the benefits of area studies with theoretical and topical investigations in the curriculum.Our department is committed to excellence in both teaching and advising. Several of our faculty members have received teaching awards, and we are known across campus for the quality of our advising. As a geography major, you will meet one-on-one with your faculty advisor every semester during advising week, and you are always welcome to talk with your advisor at any time throughout the semester whenever questions may arise. In addition to advising our students about their academic programs, weprovide timely information about internships, nationally competitive awards, and other opportunities as they arise. Many of our students complete internships and several of our students over the last few years have received nationally competitive awards.For more information about our program, please visit our website, or contact our Undergraduate Chair, whose information is listed above.Admissions InformationFreshmen/First-year AdmissionNo requirements beyond University admission requirements.Change of Program PolicyNo selective or limited admission requirements.External Transfer AdmissionNo requirements beyond University admission requirements.Opportunities Upon GraduationWith a liberal arts degree in Geography globalization and Development, students are prepared for employment in a variety of fields, including non-profit and government work, particularly in the areas of community and international development. This degree will also prepare students well to work in the private sector in an international context. Graduates from this program will also be well situated to continue on to graduate school or law school, with research and professional interest in academic fields, including, but not limited to, geography, public affairs and policy, development studies, and community and regional planning.Browse through dozens of internship opportunities and full-time job postings for Ohio University students and alumni on Handshake, OHIO’s key resource for researching jobs, employers, workshops, and professional development events.60. Who can be selected as the target of the geography course in the passage?A. A freshman who has studied in a university.B. A college student majoring in geography.C. A senior high school graduate interested in geography.D. A high school graduate who wants to find a job61. What are the advantages of choosing the geography major in this university in terms of employment?A. Acquiring skills to solve social and environmental problems.B. Understanding contemporary global issues.C. Getting one-on-one information on geography teaching.D. Achieving more international opportunities.62. Where is the most likely place to read this passage?A. In a magazine.B. On the university website.C. In a geographic journal.D. On the enrollment information network.CComposite image of Europe and North Africa at night, 2016. Credit: NASA Earth Observatory images by Joshua Stevens, using Suomi NPP VIIRS data from Miguel Roman, NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. Artificial light is often seen as a sign of progress: the march of civilization shines a light in the dark; it takes back the night; it illuminates. But a chorus of scientists and advocates argues that unnaturally bright nights are bad not just for astronomers but also for nocturnal (夜间活动的) animals and even for human health.Now research shows the night is getting even brighter. From 2012 to 2016 the earth’s artificially lit area expanded by an estimated 2.2 percent a year (map), according to a study published last November in Science Advances. Even that increase may understate the problem, however. The measurement excludeslight from most of the energy-efficient LED lamps that have been replacing sodium-vapor technology in cities all over the world, says lead study author Christopher Kyba, a postdoctoral researcher at the German Research Center for Geosciences in Potsdam.The new data came from a NASA satellite instrument called the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). It can measure long-wavelengths of light, such as those produced by traditional yellow-and-orange sodium-vapor street lamps. But VIRS cannot see the short-wavelength blue light produced by white LEDs. This light has been shown to disrupt human sleep cycles and nocturnal animals’behavior.Credit: Mapping Specialists: Source: “Artificially Lit Surface of Earth at Night Increasing in Radiance and Extent.” by Christopher C. M. Kyba et al. in Science Advances, V ol. 3. No 11, Article No, El701528; November 22, 2017.The team believes the ongoing switch to LEDs caused already bright countries such as Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the U. S. to register as having stable levels of illumination in the VIIRS data. In contrast, most nations in South America, Africa and Asia brightened, suggesting increases in the use of traditional lighting. Australia actually appeared to lose lit area but the researchers say that is because wildfires skewed the data.“The fact that VIIRS finds an increase (in many countries), despite its blindness in the part of the spectrum that increased more, is very sad,”says Fabiofalchi, a researcher at I taly’s Light Pollution Science and Technology Institute, who did not participate in the study. In 2016 Falchi, along with Kyba and several other members of his research team, published a global atlas of artificial lighting that showed one third of the world’s population currently lives under skies too bright to see the Milky Way at night.The data also cast doubt on the idea that the LED lighting revolution will lead to energy cost savings. Between 2012 and 2016 the median nation pumped out 15 percent more long-wavelength light as its GDP increased by 13 p ercent. And overall, countries’ total light production correlated with their GDP. In other words, Kyba says, “we buy as much light as we are willing to spend money on.”63. Which is not true about the spread of lit areas?A. Lit area expanded by an estimated 2.2 percent a year.B. Artificial light is often seen as a sign of progress.C. The increase in GDP is due to the increase in light.D. It is bad for nocturnal animals and even for human health.64. Which of the following about VIIRS is NOT true according to the passage?A. It is a kind of NASA satellite device.B. It can record and analyze long-wavelength light.C. The blue light generated by white LEDs can disrupt human sleep cycles.D. VIIRS has found an increase of traditional lighting in lots of nations.65. According to the article, what we can know about the LEDs?A. Artificial LED lights at nights are harmful to people’s health.B. It is a sign of civilization in modern society.C. The blue l ight disrupts human and animals’ life cycles.D. Artificially lit surface of Earth increasing because of LEDs.66. The author writes this article to .A. show the VIIRS data from NASAB. demonstrate the significance of VIIRS for its measurement of wavelengthsC. reveal the relationship between wavelength light and GDPD. arouse people’s awareness of light pollutionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Eachfirst community,” said Adam Ear nhardt, chairman of the communications department at Youngstown State University and co-author of “Sports Fans, Identity and Socialization: Exploring the Fandemonium.”“I don’t care if a Seattle fan moves to China, he or she carries with them their love for the sports teams,” he said. “67 ”68 And when a team begins to catch fire, as with, say, the Mariners in ’95 or the Seahawks of recent vintage, well, it’s easy to get swept up in the wave.“It’s phenomenal,” sai d Simons. “We have this ability to understand other people so remarkably that their victories literally become ours. Our testosterone (睾酮) literally responds to their victory. 69 They’re us, and competing on a literal level as us a little extension of us.”Professor Robert Cialdini at Arizona State University came up with the term BIRG Basking In Reflected Glory to describe the intense pride fans feel when their teams succeed. It can be used as a verb, as in, “Seahawks fans are currently BIRGING up a storm.” The counterpoint, as coined by researchers C. R. Snyder, Mary Anne Lassergard and Carol E, Ford, is the concept of CORFing Cutting Off Reflected Failure. 70 We’ve all heard it in action: We won, but they lost.This leads into another concept, that of cognitive bias, also known as confirmation bias, which causes fans to help explain away defeats by blaming outside factors, such as referees. I’m sure it would also help explain why Seahawks fans rallied around Richard Sherman after his postgame interview, rationalizing behavior that was widely criticized by many fans with no vested interest. It could also explain the notion of “eustress”, invented by endocrinologist Hans Selye to refer to a combination of euphoria (极度愉快的心情) and stress, such as that resulting from watching te nse sporting events. Indeed, it’s much of the appeal.参考答案III. Reading Comprehension (共45分。
2024年上海高考数学试题(含答案)
2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）数学 试卷注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将案写在题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、填空题1．设全集{}1,2,3,4,5U =，集合{}2,4A =，则A =．2．已知()0,1,0x f x x >=≤⎪⎩则()3f =．3．已知,x ∈R 则不等式2230x x --<的解集为．4．已知()3f x x a =+，x ∈R ，且()f x 是奇函数，则=a ．5．已知()(),2,5,6,k ab k ∈==R ，且//a b，则k 的值为．6．在(1)n x +的二项展开式中，若各项系数和为32，则2x 项的系数为．7．已知抛物线24y x =上有一点P 到准线的距离为9，那么点P 到x 轴的距离为．8．某校举办科学竞技比赛，有、、A B C 3种题库，A 题库有5000道题，B 题库有4000道题，C 题库有3000道题．小申已完成所有题，他A 题库的正确率是0.92，B 题库的正确率是0.86，C 题库的正确率是0.72．现他从所有的题中随机选一题，正确率是．9．已知虚数z ，其实部为1，且()2z m m z+=∈R ，则实数m 为．10．设集合A 中的元素皆为无重复数字的三位正整数，且元素中任意两者之积皆为偶数，求集合中元素个数的最大值．11．已知点B 在点C 正北方向，点D 在点C 的正东方向，BC CD =,存在点A 满足16.5,37BAC DAC =︒=︒∠∠，则BCA ∠=(精确到0.1度)12．无穷等比数列{}n a 满足首项10,1a q >>，记[][]{}121,,,n n n I x y x y a a a a +=-∈⋃，若对任意正整数n 集合n I 是闭区间，则q 的取值范围是．二、单选题13．已知气候温度和海水表层温度相关，且相关系数为正数，对此描述正确的是（）A ．气候温度高，海水表层温度就高B ．气候温度高，海水表层温度就低C ．随着气候温度由低到高，海水表层温度呈上升趋势D ．随着气候温度由低到高，海水表层温度呈下降趋势14．下列函数()f x 的最小正周期是2π的是（）A ．sin cos x x +B ．sin cos x x C ．22sin cos x x+D ．22sin cos x x-15．定义一个集合Ω，集合中的元素是空间内的点集，任取123,,ΩP P P ∈，存在不全为0的实数123,,λλλ，使得1122330OP OP OP λλλ++=．已知(1,0,0)Ω∈，则(0,0,1)Ω∉的充分条件是（）A ．()0,0,0∈ΩB ．()1,0,0-∈ΩC ．()0,1,0∈ΩD ．()0,0,1-∈Ω16．已知函数()f x 的定义域为R ，定义集合()()(){}0000,,,M x x x x f x f x ∞=∈∈-<R ，在使得[]1,1M =-的所有()f x 中，下列成立的是（）A ．存在()f x 是偶函数B ．存在()f x 在2x =处取最大值C ．存在()f x 是严格增函数D ．存在()f x 在=1x -处取到极小值三、解答题17．如图为正四棱锥,P ABCD O -为底面ABCD 的中心．(1)若5,AP AD ==，求POA 绕PO 旋转一周形成的几何体的体积；(2)若,AP AD E =为PB 的中点，求直线BD 与平面AEC 所成角的大小．18．若()log (0,1)a f x x a a =>≠．(1)()y f x =过()4,2，求()()22f x f x -<的解集；(2)存在x 使得()()()12f x f ax f x ++、、成等差数列，求a 的取值范围．19．为了解某地初中学生体育锻炼时长与学业成绩的关系，从该地区29000名学生中抽取580人，得到日均体育锻炼时长与学业成绩的数据如下表所示：时间范围学业成绩[)0,0.5[)0.5,1[)1,1.5[)1.5,2[)2,2.5优秀5444231不优秀1341471374027(1)该地区29000名学生中体育锻炼时长不少于1小时人数约为多少？(2)估计该地区初中学生日均体育锻炼的时长（精确到0.1）(3)是否有95%的把握认为学业成绩优秀与日均体育锻炼时长不小于1小时且小于2小时有关？（附：()()()()22(),n ad bc a b c d a c b d -=++++χ其中n a b c d =+++，()2 3.8410.05P χ≥≈．）20．已知双曲线222Γ:1,(0),y x b b-=>左右顶点分别为12,A A ，过点()2,0M -的直线l 交双曲线Γ于,P Q 两点.(1)若离心率2e =时，求b 的值．(2)若2b MA P =△为等腰三角形时，且点P 在第一象限，求点P 的坐标．(3)连接OQ 并延长，交双曲线Γ于点R ，若121A R A P ⋅=，求b 的取值范围．21．对于一个函数()f x 和一个点(),M a b ，令()()22()()s x x a f x b =-+-，若()()00,P x f x 是()s x 取到最小值的点，则称P 是M 在()f x 的“最近点”．(1)对于1()(0)f x x x=>，求证：对于点()0,0M ，存在点P ，使得点P 是M 在()f x 的“最近点”；(2)对于()()e ,1,0xf x M =，请判断是否存在一个点P ，它是M 在()f x 的“最近点”，且直线MP 与()y f x =在点P 处的切线垂直；(3)已知()y f x =在定义域R 上存在导函数()f x '，且函数()g x 在定义域R 上恒正，设点()()()11,M t f t g t --，()()()21,M t f t g t ++．若对任意的t ∈R ，存在点P 同时是12,M M 在()f x 的“最近点”，试判断()f x 的单调性．参考答案及解析注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
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高中物理学习材料（灿若寒星**整理制作）2000年年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海 物理试卷考生注意：1．全卷共8页，24题，在120分钟内完成。
2．第21、22、23、24题要求写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤，只写出最后答案，而未写出主要演算过程的，不能得分，有数字计算的问题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位。
一、（50分）选择题，本大题共10小题，每小题5分，每小题给出的四个答案中，至少有一个是正确的，把正确的答案全选出来，并将正确答案前面的字母填写在题后的方括号内，每一小题全选对的得5分；选对但不全的，得部分分；有选错或不答的，得0分，填写在方括号外的字母，不作为选出的答案。
1．下列关于光的说法中正确的是（A ）在真空中红光波长比紫光波长短。
（B ）红光光子能量比紫光光子能量小。
（C ）红光和紫光相遇时能产生干涉现象（D ）红光照射某金属时有电子向外发射，紫光照射该金属时一定也有电子向外发射。
[ ]2．关于α、β、γ三种射线，下列说法中正确的是（A ）α射线是原子核自发放射出的氦核，它的穿透能力最强。
（B ）β射线是原子核外电子电离形成的电子流，它具有中等的穿透能力。
（C ）γ射线一般们随着α或β射线产生，它的穿透能力量强。
（D ）γ射线是电磁波，它的穿透能力最弱。
[ ]3．一小球用轻绳悬挂在某固定点，现将轻绳水平拉直，然后由静止开始释放小球，考虑小球由静止开始运动到最低位置的过程。
（A ）小球在水平方向的速度逐渐增大。
（B ）小球在竖直方向的速度逐渐增大。
（C ）到达最低位置时小球线速度最大。
（D ）到达最低位置时绳中的位力等于小球重力。
4．如图所示，两根平行放置的长直导线a 和b 载有大小相同方向相反的电流，a 受到的磁场力大小为1F ，当加入一与导线所在平面垂直的匀强磁场后，a 受到的磁场力大小变为2F ，则此时b受到的磁场力大小变为（A ）2F ， （B ）21F F -， （C ）21F F + （D ）212F F -[ ]5．行驶中的汽车制动后滑行一段距离，最后停下；流星在夜空中坠落并发出明亮的光焰；降落伞在空中匀速下降；条形磁铁在下落过程中穿过闭合线圈，线圈中产生电流，上述不同现象中所包含的相同的物理过程是（A ）物体克服阻力做功。
（B ）物体的动能转化为其它形式的能量。
（C ）物体的势能转化为其它形式的能量。
（D ）物体的机械能转化为其它形式的能量。
[ ]6．匀速上升的升降机顶部悬殊有一轻质弹簧，弹簧下端挂有一小球，若升降机突然停止，在地面上的观察者看来，小武汉在继续上升的过程中（A ）速度逐渐减小 （B ）速度先增大后减小（C ）加速度逐渐增大 （D ）加速度逐渐减小 [ ]b 、c 、d 、e 、7．如图，沿波的传播方向上有间距均为1米的六个质点a 、f ，均静止在各自的平衡位置，一列横波以1米/秒的速度水平向右传播，0=t 时到达质点a ，a 开始由平衡位置向上运动，1=t 秒时，质点a 第一次到达最高点，则在4秒＜t ＜5秒这段时间内（A ）质点c 的加速度逐渐增大 （B ）质点a 的速度逐渐增大（C ）质点d 向下运动 （D ）质点f 保持静止 [ ]8．如图所示，长度相同的三根轻杆构成一个正三角形支架，在A 处固定质量为2m 的小球，B 处固定质量为m的小球，支架悬挂在O 点，可绕过O 点并与支架所在平面相垂直的固定轴转动，开始时OB 与地面相垂直，放手后开始运动，在不计任何阻力的情况下，下列说法正确的是（A ）A 球到达最低点时速度为零。
（B ）A 球机械能减少量等于B 球机械能增加量。
（C ）B 球向左摆动所能达到的最高位置应高于A 球开始运动时的高度。
（D ）当支架从左向右回摆动时，A 球一定能回到起始高度。
[ ]9．两木块自左向右运动，现用高速摄影机在同一底片上多次曝光，记录下木块每次曝光时的位置，如图所示，连续两次曝光的时间间隔是相等的，由图可知（A ）在时刻2t 以及时刻5t 两木块速度相同。
（B ）在时刻1t 两木块速度相同。
（C ）在时刻3t 和时刻4t 之间某瞬间两木块速度相同。
（D ）在时刻4t 和时刻5t 之间某瞬时两木块速度相同。
[ ]10．如图（a ），圆形线圈P 静止在水平桌面上，其正上方悬挂一相同的线圈Q ，P 和Q 共轴，Q 中通有变化电流，电流随时间变化的规律如图（b ）所示，P 所受的重力为G ，桌面对P 的支持力为N ，则（A ）1t 时刻N ＞G 。
（B ）2t 时刻N ＞G 。
（C ）2t 时刻N ＜G 。
（D ）4t 时刻N=G 。
[ ]二、（20分）填空题，本大题共5小题，每小题4分，答案写在题中横线上的空白处，不要求写出演算过程。
11．如图，在场强为E 的匀强电场中有相距为l 的A 、B 两点，边线AB 与电场线的夹角为θ，将一电量为q 的正电荷从A 点移到B 点，若沿直线AB移动该电荷，电场力做的功=1W ；若沿路径ACB 移动该电荷，电场力做的功=2W ；若沿曲线ADB 移动该电荷，电场力做的功=3W ，由此可知，电荷在电场中移动时，电场力做功的特点是： 。
12．一架飞机水平匀速地在某同学头顶飞过，当他听到飞机的发动机声从头顶正上方传来时，发现飞机在他前上方约与地面与60°角的方向上，所此可估算出此飞机的速度约为声速的 倍。
13．右图为人手臂面骨骼与肌肉的生理结构示意图，手上托着重量为G的物体，（1）在方框中画出前臂受力示意图（手、手腕、尺骨和挠骨看成一个整体，所受重力不计，图中O 点看作固定转动轴，O 点受力可以不画）。
（2）根据图中标尺估算出二头肌此时的收缩约为 。
14．某脉冲激光器的耗电功率为2×103瓦，每秒钟输出10个光脉冲，每个脉冲持续的时间为10－8秒，携带的能量为0.2焦耳，则每个脉冲的功率为 瓦，该激光器将电能转化为激光能量的效率为 。
15．右图为一名宇航员“漂浮”在地球外层空间的照片，根据照片展现的情景提出两个与物理知识有关的问题（所提的问题可以涉及力学、电磁学、热学、光学、原子物理学等各个部分，只需提出问题，不必作出回答和解释）：例：这名“漂浮”在空中的宇航员相对地球是运动还是静止的？（1） 。
（2） 。
三、（30分）实验题，本大题共5小题，第16、18（2），19，20题是填空题，第17，18（1）是选择题。
16．（4分）右图为用频闪摄影方法拍摄的研究物体作平抛运动规律的照片，图中A 、B 、C 为三个同时由同一点出发的小球，A A '为A 球在光滑水平面上以速度v 运动的轨迹；B B '为B 球以速度v 被水平抛出后的运动轨迹；C C '为C 球自由下落的运动轨迹，通过分析上述三条轨迹可得出结论：。
17．（4分）单色光源发出的光经一狭缝，照射到光屏上，可观察到的图象是18．（7分）用右图所示装置做“研究有固定转动轴物体平衡条件”的实验，力矩盘上各同心圆的间距相等。
（1）在用细线悬挂钩码前，以下哪些措施是必要的（A）判断力矩盘是否处在竖直平面。
（B）判断横杆MN是否严格保持水平。
（C）判断力矩盘与转轴间的摩擦是否足够小。
（D）判断力矩盘的重心是否位于盘中心。
[ ]（2）在A、B、C三点分别用细线悬挂钩码后，力矩盘平衡，如图所示，已知每个钩码所受的重力为1牛，则此时弹簧秤示数为牛。
（3）现同时撤去B、C两处的钩码，而改用一根细线悬挂5牛的钩码，为使力矩盘仍然保持原平衡状态，且弹簧秤示数不变，试在图中用直线画出该细线在力矩盘上的悬挂位置。
19．（8分）某同学按如图所示电路进行实验，实验时该同学将变阻器的触片P移到不同位置时测得各电表的示数如下表所示序号A1示数(安) A2示数(安) V1示数(伏) V2示数(伏)1 0.60 0.30 2.40 1.202 0.44 0.32 2.56 0.48将电压表内阻看作无限大，电流表内阻看作零。
（1）电路中 ，r分别为电源的电动势和内阻，1R，2R，3R为定值电阻，在这五个物理量中，可根据上表中的数据求得的物理量是（不要求具体计算）。
（2）由于电路发生故障，发现两电压表示数相同了（但不为零），若这种情况的发生是由用电器引起的，则可能的故障原因是。
20．（7分）现有一根粗细均匀长约40厘米，两端开口的玻璃管，内有一小段水柱，一个弹簧秤，一把毫米刻度尺，一小块橡皮泥，一个足够高的玻璃容器，内盛有冰和水的混合物，选用合适的器材，设计一个实验，估测当时的室内温度，要求：（1）在右边方框中画出实验示意图；（2）写出要测定的物理量，写出可直接应用的物理量，（3）写出计算室温的表达式。
四、（50分）计算题21．（12分）风洞实验室中可以产生水平方向的、大小可调节的风力，现将一套有小球的细直杆放入风洞实验室，小球孔径略大于细杆直径。
（1）当杆在水平方向上固定时，调节风力的大小，使小球在杆上作匀速运动，这时小班干部所受的风力为小球所受重力的0.5倍，求小球与杆间的滑动摩擦因数。
（2）保持小球所受风力不变，使杆与水平方向间夹角为37°并固定，则小球从静止出发在细杆上滑下距离S所需时间为多少？（sin37°=0.6，cos37°=0.8）22．（12分）如图所示，粗细均匀，两端开口的U形管竖直放置，管的内径很小，水平部分BC长14厘米，一空气柱将管内水银分隔成左右两段，大气压强相当于高为76厘米水银柱的压强。
（1）当空气柱温度为2730=T 开，长为80=I 厘米时，BC 管内左边水银柱长2厘米，AB 管内水银柱长也是2厘米，则右边水银柱总长是多少？（2）当空气柱温度升高到多少时，左边的水银恰好全部进入竖直管AB内？ （3）当空气柱温度为490开时，两竖直管内水银柱上表面高度各为多少？23．（13分）如图所示，固定水平桌面上的金属框架cdef ，处在竖直向下的匀强磁场中，金属棒ab 搁在框架上，可无摩擦滑动，此时adeb 构成一个边长为I 的正方形，棒的电阻为r ，其余部分电阻不计，开始时磁感强度为0B 。
（1）若从0=t 时刻起，磁感强度均匀增加，每秒增量为k ，同时保持棒静止，求棒中的感应电流，在图上标出感应电流的方向。
（2）在上述（1）情况中，始终保持棒静止，当1t t =秒末时需加的垂直于棒的水平拉力为多大？（3）若从0=t 时刻起，磁感强度逐渐减小，当棒以恒定速度v 向右作匀速运动时，可使棒中不产生感应电流，则磁感强度应怎样随时间变化（写出B 与t 的关系式）？24．（13分）阅读如下资料并回答问题：自然界中的物体由于具有一定的温度，会不断向外辐射电磁波，这种辐射因与温度有关，称为势辐射，势辐射具有如下特点：○1辐射的能量中包含各种波长的电磁波；○2物体温度越高，单位时间从物体表面单位面积上辐射的能量越大；○3在辐射的总能量中，各种波长所占的百分比不同。