(电气工程与自动化专业英语)第6章DC Motor Drives

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电气工程和自动化专业英语第6章6_2翻译

Section 2 Components of Power Systems 第2节电力系统的组成部分Modern power systems are usually large-scale, geographically distributed, and with hundreds to thousands of generators operating in parallel and synchronously. 现代电力系统通常规模大，地域分布，并与数百名，并同步在数以千计的发电机并联运行。

They may vary in size and structure from one to another, but they all have the same basic characteristics: 他们可能会有所不同的规模和结构从一个到另一个，但它们都具有相同的基本特征：（1）Are comprised of three-phase AC systems operating essentially at constant voltage. （1）是由三个三相交流电压恒定系统经营本质上。

Generation and transmission facilities use three-phase equipment . 发电和输电设施使用三个阶段的设备。

Industrial loads are invariablythree-phase; single-phase residential and commercial loads are distributed equally among the phases so as to effectively form a balanced three-phase system. 工业负荷总是三相，单相负载的住宅和商业之间平等分配的阶段，从而有效地形成一个平衡的三相系统。

电气工程专业英语+unit6

Note：①此句中lumens是光通量的计量单位。②flipping a light switch to illuminate a darkened room为现在分词短语结构，说明主语A man 的动作；最后一句中，③adjusting the degree of accelerator depression也是现在分词短语结构，说明主语An automobile driver的动作。
6.1 Introduction
New Words and Expressions
manual intelligent interdependent elements stimuli thermostat control aileron rudder cowl flap adj. 手动的 adj. 智能的相互依存的元件 n. 激励恒温控制 n. 副翼 n. 方向舵整流罩

Note：①that applies a control signal to the plant为定语从句，修饰the agency。
6.1.1 Elementary Concept of Control Systems text

(4) The reference command or reference input is an external signal applied to a control system in order to bring about① a specific action of the plant (i.e., a specific value of the controlled variable). (5) Disturbance inputs are undesired stimuli of the plant which affect the value of the controlled variable. (6) A comparator is a control system element that compares (by addition or subtraction) two or more signals.

电气工程及其自动化专业英语 Chapter 6 Electric Power Systems

Section 1 Introduction
to acceptable levels, voltage levels had to be high for long-distance power transmission. Such high voltages were not acceptable for generation and consumption of power; therefore, a convenient means for voltage transformation became a necessity. The development of the transformer and AC transmission by L. Gaulard and J.D. Gibbs of Paris, France, led to AC electric power systems. In 1889, the first AC transmission line in North America was put into operation in Oregon between Willamette
Section 1 Introduction
The first complete electric power system (comprising a generator, cable, fuse, meter, and loads) was built by Thomas Edison – the historic Pearl Street Station in New York City which began operation in September 1882. This was a DC system consisting of a steam-engine-driven DC generator supplying power to 59 customers within an area roughly 1.5 km in radius. The load, which consisted entirely of incandescent lamps, was supplied at 110 V through an underground cable system. Within a few years similar systems were in

电气工程专业英语unit6解读

Power system automation
This involves the application of automation technology in the power system, such as SCADA, EMS, and DMS, to achieve real-time monitoring and control of the power system.
Article structure
VS
Unit 6涉及的词汇主要包括电气工程相关术语、工业自动化和智能制造领域的专业词汇，以及一些科技类常用词汇。
短语总结
文章中出现的短语主要包括与电气工程和工业领域相关的短语，如"power system","automation control","intelligent manufacturing"等。这些短语对于理解文章内容非常重要，需要学生重点掌握。
Electrical engineering also contributes to the progress of other fields, such as computer science, robotics, and nanotechnology. Electrical engineers design and develop the electronic components and systems that are used in these fields, making it possible for them to advance.
Circuit analysis
Circuit analysis is a fundamental skill for electrical engineers. It involves using mathematical models to analyze the behavior of electrical circuits. Circuit analysis is essential for predicting circuit performance, optimizing circuit design, and troubleshooting circuit problems.

(最新整理)(完整版)电气工程及其自动化专业英语

电气工程及其自动化专业教研室
6
• The exciting or magnetizing current （励磁电流）can thus be very small. Further, the proportion of the total flux which is linked mutually by the two coils is greatly increased.
of two coils in close proximity. One coil of N1 turns is excited with
alternating current and therefore establishes a flux φ11 which alternates with the current (随时间交变）. The other coil is linked
• the applied voltage 外施电压
• zero-power-factor 零功率因数
• the no-load power factor 空载功率因数
• formulate 用公式表示,系统地阐述
• saturation 饱和
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电气工程及其自动化专业教研室
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Unit 11 The Transformer on No Load
a result (因此), is called the secondary winding.
2021/7/26
电气工程及其自动化专业教研室
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• It should not be difficult to realize that the two functions are interchangeable: if coil 2 were excited instead, a mutual e.m.f. would be induced in coil 1 which would then become the secondary winding(二次绕组).

电气工程与自动化专业英语第6章

13
6.2 Motor current waveforms
2
Armature voltage
The ripple voltage (纹波电压)causes a ripple current to flow in the armature, but because of the armature inductance, the amplitude of the ripple current is small. In other words, the armature presents a high impedance to a.c. voltages. This smoothing effect of the armature inductance is shown in Figure 6.2(b),
5
Text A Thyristor DC Drivers
Low power control circuits are used to monitor the principal variables(主变量) of interest (usually motor current and speed), and to generate appropriate firing pulses so that the motor maintains constant speed despite variations in the load. The ‘speed reference’ (Figure 6. 1) is typically an analogue voltage varying from 0 to 10 V, and obtained from a manual speed-setting potentiometer or from elsewhere in the plant.

Ideal Constant-Current Drive_电气工程与自动化专业英语_[共3页]

133Part 2Electric Motors and Drives torque stays constant for each mini step both currents must be changed according to a prescribed algorithm. Despite the difficulties referred to above, mini-stepping is used extensively, especially in photographic and printing applications where a high resolution is needed. Schemes involving between 3 and 10 mini steps for a 1.8°step motor are numerous, and there are instances where up to 100 mini steps(20000 mini steps/rev) have been successfully achieved.So far, we have concentrated on those aspects of behavior,which depend only on the motor itself, i.e. the static performance. The shape of the static torque curve, the holding torque and the slope of the torque curve about the step position have all been shown to be important pointers to the way the motor can be expected to perform. All of these characteristics depend on the current(s) in the windings, however,and when the motor is running the instantaneous currents will depend on the type of drive circuit employed, as discussed in the next two sections.8.2 Ideal Constant-Current DriveIn this section, we will look at how the motor would perform if it were supplied by an ideal drive circuit, which turns out to be one that is capable of supplying rectangular pulses of current to each winding when required, and regardless of the stepping rate. Because of the inductance of the windings, no real drive circuit will be able to achieve this, but the most sophisticated (and expensive) ones achieve near-ideal operation up to very high stepping rates.Requirements of driveThe basic function of the complete drive is to convert the step command input signals into appropriate patterns of currents in the motor windings. This is achieved in two distinct stages, as shown in Figure 8.4, which relates to a 3-phase motor.The “translator” stage converts the incoming train of step command pulses into a sequence of on/off commands to each of the three power stages. In the one-phase-on mode, for example, the first step command pulse will be routed to turn on phase A, the second will turn on phase B and so on. In a very simple drive, the translator will probably provide for only one mode of operation (e.g. one-phase-on), but most commercial drives provide the option of one-phase-on, two-phase-on and half stepping. Single-chip ICs with these three operating modes and with both three-phase and four-phase outputs are readily available.The power stages (one per phase) supply the current to the windings. An enormous diversity of types is in use, ranging from simple one swith one switching transistor per phase, to elaborate chopper-type circuits with four transistors per phase. At this point, however, it is helpful to list the functions required of the “ideal” power stage. These are firstly that when the translator calls for a phase to be energised, the full (rated) current should be established immediately; secondly, the current should be maintained constant (at its rated value) for the duration of the “on”period and finally, when the translator calls for the current to be turned off, it should be reduced to zero immediately.The ideal current waveforms for continuous stepping with one-phase-on operation are shown in the lower part of Figure 8.4. The currents have a square profile because this leads to the optimum value of running torque。

电气工程及其自动化英语英译汉

1```In the generator mode ,it,s operating speed isslightly higger than it,s synchronous speed and ie needs magnetizing revctive pover form the symtem that it is connected to in order to suuply pover .在发电方式下他的工作速度比同步转速稍高些，并了解供电力，他需要他所连接的系统吸收磁化无功功率。

2```in the barking mode of operyetion ,a three –phase indection motor running at a steady –speedcan be brought to a quick stop by interchanging two of stator leads感应电机运行电动状态时，其转速低于同步转速，运行在发电状态时，其转速高于同步转速，这就需要从与之间相连的系统电源提供励磁的无功功率。

3```obviously ,dc machine applications are very significant,but the advantages of the dc machinemmust be weighed against its greatr initial investment cost and the maintenance problems associated with its brush-commutator system..同步是指状态运行时点击以恒定的转速和频率运行。

4```with a cylindyical rotor the reluctance of the magnetic circuit of the field is independent of itsactual diretion and relative to the direct axis.圆柱形转子的磁场磁路的磁阻与直轴有关，而与磁场的实际方向无关。

电气工程与自动化专业英语中文翻译

第一章电路基本原理第一节电流与电压u(t ）和i(t ）这两个变量是电路中最基本的概念,描述了电路中各种不同的关系.电荷与电流电荷与电流的概念是解释一切电气现象的基础原则。

而电荷也是电路的最基本的量。

电荷是构成物质的原子的电气属性，单位是库仑（C ）。

通过基础物理学,我们了解到一切物质都是由被称为原子的基本粒子构造而成的，每个原子中都包含电子、质子和中子。

我们还知道电子上的电荷带负电，每个电子上的电量是1.60210×10—19库仑。

质子带与电子相等的正电荷。

原子上质子与电子的数目相等，使其呈中性.我们来考虑电荷的运动。

电或电荷的独特之处就是它们可以移动,也就是说电荷可以从一个地方移动到另一个地方，从而转换成另外一种形式的能量。

当把一根导线接在电池（一种电源）的两端时，电荷受迫而运动;正电荷与负电荷分别向相反的两个方向移动。

这种电荷的移动产生了电流。

习惯上，我们把正电荷移动的方向或负电荷移动的反方向称为电流的方向,如图1-1所示。

这种说法是由美国科学家、发明家本杰明·富兰克林提出的。

即使我们知道金属导体中的电流是由于带负电荷的电子（运动）而产生的，（我们）也使用默认的习惯,将正电荷运动的方向定义为电流的方向.因此，电流是单位时间内电荷的变化率,单位是安培(ampere,A ）.在数学上，电流i 、电荷q 和时间t 的关系为i=dtdq （1—1）将等式的两边同时进行积分,则可得到电荷在时间t 和t 0之间的变化。

有q== 0t t idt (1-2）在等式（1—1）中我们给电流i 的定义表现了电流不是一个定值量，电荷随时间的变化不同,电流也与之呈不同的函数关系。

电压、电能与电功率使电子在导体中定向运动需要做功或能量转换.功由外电动势提供，最典型的就是图1—1中的电池.外电动势也可理解为电压或电位差。

电路中，a 、b 两点之间的电压U ab 等于从a 到b 移动单位电荷所需能量（所做的功)，有U ab =dqdw (1—3) w 代表电能，单位是焦耳（J ）；q 代表电量.单位是库仑（C ）。

电气工程及其自动化专业英语介绍

电气工程及其自动化专业英语介绍Introduction to Electrical Engineering and its Automation Major1. IntroductionElectrical Engineering and its Automation is a specialized field that combines principles of electrical engineering with automation technology. This major focuses on the design, analysis, and application of electrical systems and automation techniques in various industries. In this introduction, we will provide a detailed overview of the key aspects, courses, and career opportunities in this field.2. Key Aspects2.1 Electrical EngineeringElectrical Engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. It involves the design, analysis, and implementation of electrical systems, circuits, and devices. Electrical engineers work on a wide range of projects, including power generation and distribution, telecommunications, control systems, and electronic devices.2.2 Automation TechnologyAutomation Technology focuses on the development and implementation of systems that can operate and control various processes without human intervention. It involves the use of sensors, actuators, and control systems to monitor and control the operation of machines and processes. Automation technology is widely used in industries such as manufacturing, transportation, and energy.3. Courses3.1 Fundamentals of Electrical EngineeringThis course provides an introduction to the basic principles and concepts of electrical engineering. Topics covered include circuit analysis, electromagnetism, digital logic, andpower systems. Students will learn how to analyze and design electrical circuits and systems.3.2 Control SystemsControl Systems is a course that focuses on the principles and techniques used in the design and analysis of control systems. Topics covered include feedback control, system modeling, stability analysis, and controller design. Students will learn how to design and implement control systems for various applications.3.3 Power ElectronicsPower Electronics is a course that deals with the study of electronic devices and circuits used for the conversion and control of electrical power. Topics covered include power semiconductor devices, DC-DC converters, AC-DC converters, and motor drives. Students will learn how to design and analyze power electronic circuits.3.4 Industrial AutomationIndustrial Automation is a course that introduces students to the principles and techniques used in the automation of industrial processes. Topics covered include programmable logic controllers (PLCs), human-machine interfaces (HMIs), and industrial networks. Students will learn how to program and control automated systems.4. Career Opportunities4.1 Electrical EngineerGraduates with a degree in Electrical Engineering and its Automation can pursue a career as an electrical engineer. They can work in various industries, including power generation, telecommunications, manufacturing, and transportation. Electrical engineers are responsible for designing, testing, and maintaining electrical systems and equipment.4.2 Automation EngineerAutomation engineers specialize in designing, implementing, and maintaining automated systems and processes. They work in industries such as manufacturing,chemical, and automotive. Automation engineers are responsible for programming and troubleshooting control systems, ensuring the efficient operation of automated processes.4.3 Control Systems EngineerControl systems engineers work on the design and implementation of control systems for various applications. They can work in industries such as aerospace, robotics, and energy. Control systems engineers are responsible for designing and optimizing control algorithms, ensuring the stability and performance of control systems.4.4 Research and DevelopmentGraduates with a degree in Electrical Engineering and its Automation can also pursue a career in research and development. They can work in research institutions or industrial laboratories, conducting research on new technologies and developing innovative solutions for electrical and automation systems.5. ConclusionIn conclusion, Electrical Engineering and its Automation is a specialized field that combines the principles of electrical engineering with automation technology. This major offers a wide range of courses that cover the fundamentals of electrical engineering, control systems, power electronics, and industrial automation. Graduates in this field can pursue careers as electrical engineers, automation engineers, control systems engineers, or engage in research and development. The field of electrical engineering and its automation offers exciting opportunities for innovation and technological advancement.。

自动化专业英语教程翻译

PART 1 Electrical and Electronic Engineering BasicsUNIT 1 A Electrical Networks ————————————3B Three-phase CircuitsUNIT 2 A The Operational Amplifier ———————————5B TransistorsUNIT 3 A Logical Variables and Flip-flop ——————————8B Binary Number SystemUNIT 4 A Power Semiconductor Devices ——————————11B Power Electronic ConvertersUNIT 5 A Types of DC Motors —————————————15B Closed-loop Control of DC DriversUNIT 6 A AC Machines ———————————————19B Induction Motor DriveUNIT 7 A Electric Power System ————————————22B Power System AutomationPART 2 Control TheoryUNIT 1 A The World of Control ————————————27B The Transfer Function and the Laplace Transformation —————29 UNIT 2 A Stability and the Time Response —————————30B Steady State—————————————————31 UNIT 3 A The Root Locus —————————————32B The Frequency Response Methods: Nyquist Diagrams —————33 UNIT 4 A The Frequency Response Methods: Bode Piots —————34B Nonlinear Control System 37UNIT 5 A Introduction to Modern Control Theory 38B State Equations 40UNIT 6 A Controllability, Observability, and StabilityB Optimum Control SystemsUNIT 7 A Conventional and Intelligent ControlB Artificial Neural NetworkPART 3 Computer Control TechnologyUNIT 1 A Computer Structure and Function 42B Fundamentals of Computer and Networks 43UNIT 2 A Interfaces to External Signals and Devices 44B The Applications of Computers 46UNIT 3 A PLC OverviewB PACs for Industrial Control, the Future of ControlUNIT 4 A Fundamentals of Single-chip Microcomputer 49B Understanding DSP and Its UsesUNIT 5 A A First Look at Embedded SystemsB Embedded Systems DesignPART 4 Process ControlUNIT 1 A A Process Control System 50B Fundamentals of Process Control 52UNIT 2 A Sensors and Transmitters 53B Final Control Elements and ControllersUNIT 3 A P Controllers and PI ControllersB PID Controllers and Other ControllersUNIT 4 A Indicating InstrumentsB Control PanelsPART 5 Control Based on Network and InformationUNIT 1 A Automation Networking Application AreasB Evolution of Control System ArchitectureUNIT 2 A Fundamental Issues in Networked Control SystemsB Stability of NCSs with Network-induced DelayUNIT 3 A Fundamentals of the Database SystemB Virtual Manufacturing—A Growing Trend in AutomationUNIT 4 A Concepts of Computer Integrated ManufacturingB Enterprise Resources Planning and BeyondPART 6 Synthetic Applications of Automatic TechnologyUNIT 1 A Recent Advances and Future Trends in Electrical Machine Drivers B System Evolution in Intelligent BuildingsUNIT 2 A Industrial RobotB A General Introduction to Pattern RecognitionUNIT 3 A Renewable EnergyB Electric VehiclesUNIT 1A 电路电路或电网络由以某种方式连接的电阻器、电感器和电容器等元件组成。

自动化专业英语翻译P1U6

P1U6A
AC Machines
第一部分第六单元课文A
Stator as axis
交流机
Rotor de axis
bs Rotor N a's ωe S
c's
Rotor qe axis
as
Stator cs b's
图 1-6A-3 理想化的三相、两极同步电机
P1U6A
AC Machines
第一部分第六单元课文A
P1U6A
AC Machines
第一部分第六单元课文A
交流机
转矩产生的原理有点类似于感应电机。如图所示的同步电机是凸极式同步机，因为转子周围的气隙是不均匀的，不均匀的气隙在d 轴和q 轴上造成了不对称的磁阻。与其(凸极式同步机)对应的另一种电机是有均匀气隙的圆柱体形转子结构的电机(与异步机相似)，定义为隐极式同步电机。例如，水电站使用的低速发电机是凸极同步机，而火力发电厂使用的高速发电机是隐极式同步机。除激磁绕组之外，转子通常有一个阻尼器，或叫阻尼绕组，它就像感应电机中短路的鼠笼棒。同步机更昂贵但效率也高一些。绕线式激磁绕组同步机通常用于大功率（数兆瓦）驱动。变阻抗电机变阻抗或双阻抗电机，正像名字所表示的那样，有两个凸极，这意味着电机的定子和转子都是凸极结构。如前所述，变阻抗电机有两种：开关磁阻电机和步进电机。
P1U6A
AC Machines
第一部分第六单元课文A
交流机
最常见的转矩-速度特性，与国家电气制造协会的标准一致的，并很容易获得和定型的设计，如图1-6A-2 所示。这些电机中最有意义的设计变量是转子笼型电路的有效阻抗。 A类电机这类电机适用于启动负载低（诸如风扇、泵类负载）以便能快速达到全速，因而避免了启动过程电机过热的问题。对大容量电机而言，需要降压启动以限制启动电流。

电气工程及其自动化专业英语第6章6-1翻译(精)

(第六章The modern society depends on the electricity supply more heavily than ever before. 现代社会的电力供应依赖于更多地比以往任何时候。

It can not be imagined what the world should be if the electricity supply were interrupted all over the world. 它无法想象的世界应该是什么, 如果电力供应中断了世界各地。

. 第一个完整的电力系统(包括发电机,电缆,熔断器,计量,并加载的托马斯爱迪生所建 -站纽约市珍珠街的历史始于 1882年 9月运作。

这是一个半径直流系统组成的一个蒸汽发动机驱动的直流发电机面积约 1.5公里至 59供电范围内的客户。

负载, 其中包括完全的白炽灯, 为 V 提供 110通过地下电缆系统。

在一个类似的系统在大多数大城市在世界各地运行数年。

随着马达的弗兰克斯普拉格发展在 1884年,电机负载被添加到这些系统。

这是什么开始发展成为世界上最大的产业之一。

在最初的直流系统广泛使用尽管如此,他们几乎完全被空调系统所取代。

到 1886年,直流系统的局限性也日益明显。

他们可以提供功率只有很短的距离从发电机。

为了保持发射功率损失(我 2 R和电压下降到可接受的水平,电压等级,必须长途输电高。

如此高的电压不发电和电力消耗可以接受的,因此,电压转换成为一个方便的手段的必要性。

在发展的变压器,法国和交流输电由 L. 巴黎戈拉尔和 JD 吉布斯导致交流电力系统。

年,第一次在北美交流传输线将在俄勒冈州波特兰之间威拉梅特大瀑布和实施。

. 这是一个单相线路传输功率为 4,000公里,超过 21 V系统的距离。

随着交流的发展多相系统由尼古拉特斯拉,成为更具吸引力的。

通过 1888年,特斯拉举行交流多项专利电动机,发电机,变压器和输电系统。

自动化专业英语Unit 6 A1

原动机利用机械能驱动转子。水车（轮）、风车、汽轮机和水轮机、柴油机和喷气发动机、手摇曲柄等都属于原动机。
To make a rotor turn, the prime mover applies TORQUE. Torque simply
means turning force. For example, when you tighten a nut on a bolt, you apply torque with a wrench.
Some motors use one permanent magnet and one electromagnet. Others use two electromagnets. Either way, electrical energy creates at least one of the magnetic fields. Then, the forces between the two magnetic fields cause the motion.
第一个原理称为发电机作用，亦称为感应，即磁场中的
线圈切割磁力线时线圈中产生感应电压。在一些情况下，线
圈运动；在另外一些情况下磁场运动；有时两者都在运动，
但运动速度各异。机械能产生运动，运动产生电能。
The second principle is called MOTOR ACTION. This is simply the mechanical forces between magnets. When two magnets (or electromagnets) approach each other, one will be either pulled toward or pushed away from the other.

电气工程及其自动化专业英语第6章6-3翻译

Section 3 Operation and Control of Power Systems 第3节操作和控制的电力系统The purpose of a power system is to deliver the power the customers require in real time, on demand, within acceptable voltage and frequency limits, and in a reliable and economic manner. 该系统的目的，权力是为客户提供电力的时间为客户需要实际需求，对，在可接受的电压和频率的限制，在一个可靠和经济的方式。

In normal operation of a power system, the total power generation is balanced by the total load and transmission losses. 在电力系统正常运行的，总发电是平衡的总负荷和传输的损失。

The system frequency and voltages on all the buses are within the required limits, while no overloads on lines or equipment are resulted. 该系统的频率和电压的所有公共汽车都在规定的限额，而没有超载或设备上线造成的。

However, loads are constantly changed in small or large extents, so some control actions must be applied to maintain the power system in the normal and economic operation state. 但是，负载不断变化幅度小或大，所以一些控制行动必须适用于维持在正常和经济运行状态的电力系统。

电气工程及其自动化专业英语

voltage drop 电压降 volt-ampere characteristics 伏安特性
metal-filament lamp 金属丝灯泡
carbon-filament lamp 碳丝灯泡
non-linear characteristics 非线性特性
Unit 1 Circuit Elements and Parameters
• With time-invariant currents and voltages, the magnetic anห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ electric fields of the associated electric plant are also timeinvariant. This is the reason why no e.m.f.s of self- (or mutual-)induction（自感或互感）appear in D.C. circuits, nor are there （倒装结构）any displacement currents （位移电流）in the dielectric surrounding the conductors(导体周围的电介质）.
Techniques
Unit 1 Specialized English Words
circuit components 电路元件
circuit parameters 电路参数
the dielectric 电介质
storage battery 蓄电池
electric circuit 电路
wire导线
电气工程及其自动化专业英语
Specialized English for Electrical Engineering ＆ Its Automation