Natural products and microbiome
2024届湖南省衡阳市金太阳高三上学期期中考试英语试题及答案
绝密★启用前高三英语考试注意事项:1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B，C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C。
1. How will the speakers go back to London?A. By air.B. By train.C. By car.2. Where does the conversation take place?A. In a shop.B. In an office.C. In a cafe.3. What are the speakers talking about?A. Competition with each other.B. Visiting each other's company.C. Doing business with each other.4. What is the woman's suggestion?A. Repairing the sofa.B. Cleaning the kitchen.C. Buying a cupboard.5. Why does the man choose the guitar?A. He wants to be different.B. He wants to follow suit.C. He wants to look cool.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
去甲泽拉木醛通过抑制AKT
关系仍需要进一步探究。
综上所述，TLR4介导的炎症反应在帕金森病发病机制中的作用被广泛关注，本研究证实，MPTP 诱导的帕金森病小鼠模型同样存在TLR4活化的现象，并可能通过“肠-脑”轴双向作用加剧炎症级联反应。
而白藜芦醇可能通过抑制LPS 诱导的TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB 信号通路的激活缓解炎症反应，修复肠道屏障，并减少α-syn 在肠道的累积，进而发挥保护多巴胺能神经元的效应。
参考文献：［1］Pajares M,I Rojo A,Manda G,et al.Inflammation in Parkinson'sdisease:mechanisms and therapeutic implications ［J ］.Cells,2020,9(7):1687-93.［2］Wang R,Shih LC.Parkinson's disease-current treatment ［J ］.CurrOpin Neurol,2023,36(4):302-8.［3］Bashir Y ,Khan AU.The interplay between the gut-brain axis and themicrobiome:a perspective on psychiatric and neurodegenerative dis-orders ［J ］.Front Neurosci,2022,16:1030694-9.［4］Su M,Tang T,Tang WW,et al.Astragalus improves intestinal barrierfunction and immunity by acting on intestinal microbiota to treat T2DM:a research review ［J ］.Front Immunol,2023,14:1243834-42.［5］Wasiak J,Gawlik-Kotelnicka O.Intestinal permeability and itssignificance in psychiatric disorders-A narrative review and future perspectives ［J ］.Behav Brain Res,2023,448:114459-63.［6］Su Y ,Shi CH,Wang T,et al.Dysregulation of peripheral monocytesand pro-inflammation of alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease ［J ］.J Neurol,2022,269(12):6386-94.［7］Li JP,Liu X,Wu YZ,et al.Aerobic exercise improves intestinalmucosalbarrierdysfunctionthroughTLR4/MyD88/NF-κBsignaling pathway in diabetic rats ［J ］.Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2022,634:75-82.［8］郭野,陈美霓,李家萱.白藜芦醇的临床应用研究进展［J ］.新乡医学院学报,2023,40(3):290-4.［9］Jiang H,Ni J,Hu LS,et al.Resveratrol may reduce the degree ofperiodontitis by regulating ERK pathway in gingival-derived MSCs ［J ］.Int J Mol Sci,2023,24(14):11294-9.［10］Mannino D,Scuderi SA,Casili G,et al.Neuroprotective effects ofGSK-343in an in vivo model of MPTP-induced nigrostriatal degeneration ［J ］.J Neuroinflammation,2023,20(1):155-63.［11］Li JY ,Zhao JW,Chen LM,et al.α-Synuclein induces Th17differentiation and impairs the function and stability of Tregs by promoting RORC transcription in Parkinson's disease ［J ］.Brain Behav Immun,2023,108:32-44.［12］安云英.白藜芦醇改善帕金森病小鼠相关症状及其对肠道菌群的影响［D ］.新乡:新乡医学院,.［13］李琪,陈碾,罗金定,等.二氢杨梅素经激活AMPK/ULK1通路改善2型糖尿病大鼠帕金森病样病变［J ］.生理学报,2023,9(1):59-68.［14］Yan YQ,Zheng R,Liu Y ,et al.Parkin regulates microglial NLRP3and represses neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease ［J ］.Aging Cell,2023,22(6):e13834-40.［15］Su CF,Jiang L,Zhang XW,et al.Resveratrol in rodent models ofParkinsons disease:a systematic review of experimental studies ［J ］.图6RES 下调脑黑质区TLR4的表达，上调TH 的表达Fig.6RES downregulates the expression of TLR4and upregulates the expression of TH in the substantia nigra of the mice.A:Immunofluorescence double-stained image of TLR4-positive neurons (red fluorescence)and TH-positive neurons (green fluorescence)in the substantia nigra of the mice.The fluorescence intensity represents the level of expression (Scale bar:100μm).B:Expression of TLR4.C:Expression of TH.*P <0.05,**P <0.01.M P T P +R E S 30M P T PC o n t r o lT L R 4e x p r e s s i o n500450400350300250200150100500ControlMPTP MPTP+RES30Control MPTP MPTP+RES30T H e x p r e s s i o n40003500300025002000150010005000ABC MERGETLR4TH*****J South Med Univ,2024,44(2):270-279··278Front Pharmacol,2021,12:644219-25.［16］Shahcheraghi SH,Salemi F,Small S,et al.Resveratrol regulates inflammation and improves oxidative stress via Nrf2signaling pathway:therapeutic and biotechnological prospects［J］.Phytother Res,2023,37(4):1590-605.［17］Gao YN,Meng QW,Qin JW,et al.Resveratrol alleviates oxidative stress induced by oxidized soybean oil and improves gut function via changing gut microbiota in weaned piglets［J］.J Anim Sci Biotechnol,2023,14(1):54-63.［18］Shaito A,Al-Mansoob M,Ahmad SMS,et al.Resveratrol-mediated regulation of mitochondria biogenesis-associated pathways in neurodegenerative diseases:molecular insights and potential therapeutic applications［J］.Curr Neuropharmacol,2023,21(5): 1184-201.［19］Zhang L,Kang QZ,Kang MX,et al.Regulation of main ncRNAs by polyphenols:a novel anticancer therapeutic approach［J］.Phytomedicine,2023,120:155072-83.［20］Tao J,An YY,Xu LY,et al.The protective role of microbiota in the prevention of MPTP/P-induced Parkinson's disease by resveratrol ［J］.Food Funct,2023,14(10):4647-61.［21］Yang LC,Wang YB,Li ZW,et al.Brain targeted peptide-functionalized chitosan nanoparticles for resveratrol delivery: impact on insulin resistance and gut microbiota in obesity-related Alzheimer's disease［J］.Carbohydr Polym,2023,310:120714-21.［22］Cannon T,Gruenheid S.Microbes and Parkinson's disease:from associations to mechanisms［J］.Trends Microbiol,2022,30(8):749-60.［23］Goya ME,Xue F,Sampedro-Torres-Quevedo C,et al.Probiotic Bacillus subtilis protects againstα-synuclein aggregation in C.elegans［J］.Cell Rep,2020,30(2):367-80.e7.［24］Ramezani M,Wagenknecht-Wiesner A,Wang T,et al.Alpha synuclein modulates mitochondrial Ca2+uptake from ER during cell stimulation and under stress conditions［J］.bioRxiv,2023: 2023.04.23.537965.［25］Duan YN,Wang YX,Liu YH,et al.Circular RNAs in Parkinson's disease:reliable biological markers and targets for rehabilitation［J］.Mol Neurobiol,2023,60(6):3261-76.［26］Aho VTE,Houser MC,Pereira PAB,et al.Relationships of gut microbiota,short-chain fatty acids,inflammation,and the gut barrier in Parkinson's disease［J］.Mol Neurodegener,2021,16(1):6-12.［27］Kumari S,Taliyan R,Dubey prehensive review on potential signaling pathways involving the transfer ofα-synuclein from the gut to the brain that leads to Parkinson's disease［J］.ACS Chem Neurosci,2023,14(4):590-602.［28］Roe K.An alternative explanation for Alzheimer's disease and Par-kinson's disease initiation from specific antibiotics,gut microbiotadysbiosis and neurotoxins［J］.Neurochem Res,2022,47(3):517-30.［29］Kleine Bardenhorst S,Cereda E,Severgnini M,et al.Gut microbiota dysbiosis in Parkinson disease:a systematic review and pooledanalysis［J］.Eur J Neurol,2023,30(11):3581-94.［30］Zhao Z,Ning JW,Bao XQ,et al.Fecal microbiota transplantation protects rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease mice via suppressinginflammation mediated by the lipopolysaccharide-TLR4signalingpathway through the microbiota-gut-brain axis［J］.Microbiome,2021,9(1):226-35.［31］Wang WX,Bale S,Yalavarthi B,et al.Deficiency of inhibitory TLR4 homolog RP105exacerbates fibrosis［J］.JCI Insight,2022,7(21):e160684-90.［32］De Ciucis CG,Fruscione F,De Paolis L,et al.Toll-like receptors and cytokine modulation by goat milk extracellular vesicles in a modelof intestinal inflammation［J］.Int J Mol Sci,2023,24(13):11096-105.［33］Wang QH,Botchway BOA,Zhang Y,et al.Ellagic acid activates the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway in improving Parkinson'sdisease:a review［J］.Biomed Pharmacother,2022,156:113848-55.［34］da Costa RO,Gadelha-Filho CVJ,de Aquino PEA,et al.Vitamin D (VD3)intensifies the effects of exercise and prevents alterations ofbehavior,brain oxidative stress,and neuroinflammation,inhemiparkinsonian rats［J］.Neurochem Res,2023,48(1):142-60.［35］Sarkar S.Microglial ion channels:key players in non-cell autono-mous neurodegeneration［J］.Neurobiol Dis,2022,174:105861-8.［36］Chen MT,Hou PF,Zhou M,et al.Resveratrol attenuates high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by maintaining gut barrierintegrity and inhibiting gut inflammation through regulation of theendocannabinoid system［J］.Clin Nutr,2020,39(4):1264-75.［37］Lei JR,Tu XK,Wang Y,et al.Resveratrol downregulates the TLR4 signaling pathway to reduce brain damage in a rat model of focalcerebral ischemia［J］.Exp Ther Med,2019,17(4):3215-21.［38］Wang P,Chen Q,Tang ZQ,et al.Uncovering ferroptosis in Parkinson's disease via bioinformatics and machine learning,andreversed deducing potential therapeutic natural products［J］.FrontGenet,2023,14:1231707-18.［39］黄庆洋,纪东东,田绣云,等.小檗碱通过激活Nrf2-HO-1/GPX4通路抑制小鼠海马神经元HT22细胞的铁死亡［J］.南方医科大学学报,2022,42(6):937-43.［40］Mirzaei H,Sedighi S,Kouchaki E,et al.Probiotics and the treatment of Parkinson's disease:an update［J］.Cell Mol Neurobiol,2022,42(8):2449-57.（编辑：林萍） J South Med Univ,2024,44(2):270-279··279肺癌是全球最常诊断的癌症之一，也是癌症相关死亡的主要原因，其中非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC ）是肺癌最常见的一种亚型，占比达80%［1,2］。
译林版高中英语扩展创新学程一Unit4 Reading II 教案
《英语》（选修·第一册）Unit 4Fun with scienceReading (II)I. Learning objectivesBy the end of the lesson, students will be able to:1. Practice the following vocabulary: *twinkle, *steady, *density,*horizon, *fragrant, *naked,*trillion, *blend foothold, *obesity, *cognitive, blood, stream, nerve, transplant, *malnutrition, *isolation, *inject;3. use some of the vocabulary in new context;4. understand and analyse some complex sentences in the text.II. Key competence focus1. Develop the techniques of flexible use of language.2. Improve the power of cognition and comprehension.3. Apply learning strategies to practice.III. Predicted area of difficulty1. How to use the vocabulary in new context;2. How to understand some complex sentences in the text.IV. Teaching proceduresT Greet the class.T: Class begins. Good morning/afternoon!Step 1 Revising the blog postT: Now read through the text carefully and fill in the following condensed blog post.39 trillion microorganisms make up about 2% of an adult’s body mass. ¾ of our microorganisms exist on the birthday. At two, we (1)________(expose) to foreign microorganisms and collect more microorganisms. But about 2/3 of them stay fairly constant throughout our lives.The resident microorganisms affect us physically. ①fighting (2)________ the invaders→keeping us healthy ②making us feel hungry or full→ affecting fat (3)________ (store) → regulating our body weight. ③staying up→ interrupting the microorganisms’ biological schedules→ (4)________ (disturb) our normal sleep routine.The resident microorganisms affect us (5)________ (mental). ①our (6)________ (body) stressed, ill or old→ gut microorganisms releasing harmful substances→ entering the brain through the bloodstream→ the immune system attacking the substances→ often killing(7)________ (health) brain nerve cells→ memory loss or depression ②gut microorganisms helping regulate brain chemistry→(8)________ (balance) of beneficial and harmful microorganisms in the gut→ negatively affecting brain chemistry→ memory loss or depressionSo far scientists (9)________ (use) “good” microorganisms to replace “bad” ones. “Microbiome vaccines” may be developed(10)________ (tackle) obesity and malnutrition.Answers:1. are exposed2. against3. storage4. disturbing5. mentally6.bodies7. healthy8. imbalance9. have used 10. to tackle【设计意图：这是课文的缩写，是课文理解和知识运用的结合点。
七彩头皮屑 英语
七彩头皮屑英语Rainbow dandruffRainbow dandruff is a rare but fascinating condition where the flakes of dandruff appear to have a rainbow-like sheen. This condition is not only a cosmetic concern but can also be a sign of an underlying health issue. In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for rainbow dandruff.Causes of rainbow dandruffOne possible cause of rainbow dandruff is the presence of a type of yeast called Malassezia on the scalp. This yeast is a normal part of the skin's microbiome, but in some cases, it can overgrow and lead to dandruff. When the Malassezia yeast feeds on the natural oils produced by the scalp, it produces a byproduct that can cause irritation and flaking.Another potential cause of rainbow dandruff is the use of hair products that contain certain chemicals or dyes. These products can irritate the scalp and lead to the production of colorful flakes.Symptoms of rainbow dandruffIn addition to the characteristic rainbow sheen of the flakes, other symptoms of rainbow dandruff may include itching, redness, and inflammation of the scalp. Some people may also experience hair loss or thinning in the affected areas.Treatment options for rainbow dandruffTreatment for rainbow dandruff typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the condition. For dandruff caused by an overgrowth of Malassezia yeast, antifungal shampoos or topical treatments may be recommended. These products can help to reduce the yeast population on the scalp and alleviate flaking.For rainbow dandruff caused by the use of hair products, switching to milder, more natural alternatives may help to improve the condition. Additionally, using a gentle, moisturizing shampoo and conditioner can help to soothe the scalp and reduce flaking.In some cases, rainbow dandruff may be a sign of an underlying health issue, such as seborrheic dermatitis orpsoriasis. If this is the case, a dermatologist can provide a personalized treatment plan to address the specific condition.Preventing rainbow dandruffTo prevent rainbow dandruff, it's important to maintain good scalp hygiene and avoid using harsh or irritating hair products. Regularly washing the hair with a gentle shampoo and keeping the scalp clean and moisturized can help to prevent the overgrowth of yeast and reduce flaking.In conclusion, rainbow dandruff is a unique andintriguing condition that can be caused by a variety of factors. By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for rainbow dandruff, individuals cantake proactive steps to manage the condition and maintain a healthy scalp.七彩头皮屑七彩头皮屑是一种罕见但令人着迷的状况，头皮屑呈现出彩虹般的光泽。
多菜少肉的好处的作文
多菜少肉的好处的作文英文回答：The benefits of having more vegetables and less meat in our diet are numerous. Firstly, it promotes a healthier lifestyle. Vegetables are packed with essential vitamins, minerals, and fiber that are necessary for our body's optimal functioning. By consuming more vegetables, we can improve our digestion, boost our immune system, and reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and certain types of cancer.Secondly, a plant-based diet is more environmentally friendly. The production of meat requires a significant amount of resources, including land, water, and energy. On the other hand, vegetables have a lower environmental footprint. By reducing our meat consumption, we can help conserve natural resources, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and mitigate climate change.Moreover, a vegetarian or vegan diet can also be beneficial for weight management. Vegetables are generally lower in calories and fat compared to meat products. By incorporating more vegetables into our meals, we can feel fuller for longer and reduce the temptation to overeat. This can ultimately lead to weight loss or weight maintenance.In addition, a diet rich in vegetables can improve our overall gut health. Vegetables are a great source ofdietary fiber, which helps to promote a healthy gut microbiome. A balanced gut microbiome is essential for proper digestion, nutrient absorption, and immune function. By including a variety of vegetables in our diet, we can support the growth of beneficial bacteria in our gut and reduce the risk of digestive issues such as constipation and bloating.Furthermore, a vegetarian or vegan diet can also be more cost-effective. Meat, especially high-quality cuts, can be quite expensive. By focusing on vegetables, legumes, and grains, we can save money on our grocery bills.Additionally, many vegetarian protein sources such as beans, lentils, and tofu are more affordable compared to meat.Overall, adopting a diet that emphasizes morevegetables and less meat can have numerous benefits for our health, the environment, and our wallets. By making small changes to our eating habits, such as incorporatingMeatless Mondays or trying new plant-based recipes, we can make a positive impact on our well-being and the world around us.中文回答：多吃蔬菜少吃肉的好处有很多。
两种龋齿风险评估试剂的比较
两种龋齿风险评估试剂的比较发布时间：2021-12-27T01:29:30.492Z 来源：《时代教育》2021年10月20期作者：张杰1，张德凤1，王欣蕊1，陈强2，谢苗2 [导读] 比较市场新售检测试剂和Cariosta法检测龋齿效果的异同张杰1，张德凤1，王欣蕊1，陈强2，谢苗2 1周口师范学院生命科学与农学学院，河南周口市466001; 2 湖北思欧维生物科技有限公司，湖北大冶市435100 摘要：目的比较市场新售检测试剂和Cariosta法检测龋齿效果的异同；方法取120例儿童龋齿病患者的口腔微生物接种到两种检测试剂中进行摇瓶培养，然后对检测结果用SPSS19.0进行单因素统计分析；结果两种试剂的颜色变化和风险度相一致，风险度检测效能无统计学意义上的差异，而市场新售试剂的响应时间为12小时，Cariosta法的响应时间为48小时；结论市场新售试剂具有检测响应时间短，检测效果与Cariosta试剂相一致的特点，便于临床诊断的运用。
关键词：龋齿；牙菌斑；选择性培养基Comparison of 2 caries risk assessment reagents Zhang jie, Zhang De-feng, Wang Xin-rui, Hou Jun-qi, Chen Qiang, Jiao Jiao (1 College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China; 2 Si ou wei Biotech Ltd, Daye city 435110, China)ABSTRACT: Objective To compare the effects of new test reagents and cariosta reagents in detecting bacterial dental plaque. Methods Oral bacteria were inoculated into testing media on shake-flask cultures. The testing results were analysis by one-way ANOV A in SPSS19.0. Results There are similar color changes and risk assessment in two testing reagents. There is no evidence for a statistically significant difference in caries risk assessment of two testing reagents. Respective response times are 12 hours and 48 hours on testing new reagents and cariosta reagents. Conclusion New reagent kits have short response times and equal efficacies compare to cariosta reagents and benefit in Clinical practice. KEY WORDS: Dental caries；Bacterial dental plaque；Selective media；Caries risk assessment 尽管在发达国家和发展中国家有一些比较成熟的经验和方法治疗龋齿病，儿童早期严重龋齿(SECC)仍然明显的影响了他们的家庭及个人生活质量[1]。
香蕉的英语作文四年级
香蕉的英语作文四年级Bananas are one of the most widely consumed fruits in the world. They are a staple food in many countries, and are enjoyed by people of all ages. Bananas are not only delicious, but they are also packed with a variety of essential nutrients that make them a healthy and nutritious choice.One of the most notable features of bananas is their high potassium content. Potassium is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy blood pressure levels and supporting heart function. A single medium-sized banana contains around 422 milligrams of potassium, which is approximately 9% of the recommended daily intake. This makes bananas an excellent source of potassium, particularly for individuals who may be at risk of hypertension or other cardiovascular issues.In addition to their potassium content, bananas are also a good source of dietary fiber. Fiber is an important component of a healthy diet, as it helps to promote regular bowel movements, improve digestion, and maintain a healthy gut microbiome. A medium-sizedbanana contains around 3 grams of fiber, which is about 12% of the recommended daily intake. Incorporating bananas into your diet can be an easy way to increase your fiber intake and support overall digestive health.Bananas are also rich in vitamin C, an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in immune function, collagen production, and the absorption of iron. A single medium-sized banana contains around 10 milligrams of vitamin C, which is approximately 11% of the recommended daily intake. This makes bananas a great choice for individuals who are looking to boost their vitamin C intake and support their overall health.Another important nutrient found in bananas is vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 is involved in a variety of important bodily functions, including the metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, as well as the production of red blood cells. A medium-sized banana contains around 0.4 milligrams of vitamin B6, which is approximately 20% of the recommended daily intake. This makes bananas an excellent source of this important vitamin.Bananas are also a good source of magnesium, a mineral that is essential for healthy bone development, muscle function, and nerve function. A medium-sized banana contains around 32 milligrams of magnesium, which is approximately 8% of the recommended dailyintake. Incorporating bananas into your diet can be a great way to ensure that you are getting enough of this important mineral.In addition to their nutritional benefits, bananas are also a versatile fruit that can be used in a variety of different dishes and recipes. They can be enjoyed on their own as a healthy snack, or they can be used in a variety of baked goods, smoothies, and other culinary creations. Bananas can also be used to add sweetness and texture to savory dishes, such as curries and stir-fries.One of the most popular ways to enjoy bananas is in the form of banana bread. Banana bread is a delicious and moist quick bread that is made by combining mashed bananas with flour, sugar, eggs, and other ingredients. Banana bread is a popular choice for breakfast, snacks, or even dessert, and it can be enjoyed on its own or with a variety of toppings, such as nuts, chocolate chips, or a simple glaze.Another popular way to enjoy bananas is in the form of banana smoothies. Banana smoothies are a refreshing and nutritious beverage that can be made by blending bananas with milk, yogurt,or other ingredients such as berries, spinach, or peanut butter. Banana smoothies are a great way to start the day or to enjoy as a healthy snack, and they can be customized to suit a variety of different tastes and dietary preferences.Bananas are also a popular ingredient in a variety of desserts and baked goods, such as banana pudding, banana cream pie, and banana splits. These sweet and indulgent treats can be a delicious way to enjoy the unique flavor and texture of bananas, while also providing a satisfying and enjoyable dessert experience.In addition to their culinary uses, bananas are also a popular ingredient in a variety of personal care products, such as face masks, hair treatments, and body scrubs. The natural oils and nutrients found in bananas can be beneficial for the skin and hair, and can help to nourish and hydrate these important parts of the body.Overall, bananas are a versatile and nutritious fruit that offer a wide range of health benefits. Whether you enjoy them on their own, in baked goods, or in a variety of other dishes and recipes, bananas are a delicious and healthy choice that can be a great addition to any diet. So why not incorporate more bananas into your daily routine and enjoy all of the wonderful benefits that this amazing fruit has to offer。
益生菌英语作文
益生菌英语作文题目：The Wonders of Probiotics: Enhancing Our Health from WithinIn the intricate realm of human health, probiotics have emerged as formidable allies, playing a pivotal role in nurturing and maintaining the delicate balance of our internal ecosystem. The term 'probiotics,' derived from the Greek words 'pro' meaning 'for' and 'bios' meaning 'life,' underscores their life-promoting properties. These live microorganisms, primarily bacteria and yeasts, when consumed in adequate amounts, confer numerous health benefits, revolutionizing our understanding of gut health and overall wellness.At the heart of probiotics' efficacy lies their ability to colonize the gastrointestinal tract, forming a protective shield against harmful pathogens. By outcompetingdisease-causing bacteria, probiotics strengthen our body's natural defenses, thereby enhancing immune function. This defensive mechanism not only shields us from infections but also alleviates symptoms of various digestive ailments, including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and antibiotic-associated diarrhea.The influence of probiotics extends beyond digestivehealth. Emerging scientific evidence suggests that the gut microbiome, which probiotics significantly influence, communicates with the brain via the gut-brain axis. This connection implicates probiotics in the regulation of mood, stress response, and even cognitive function. Regular consumption of probiotics has been linked to reduced anxiety, depression symptoms, and improved mental clarity, underscoring their potential in mental health management.Probiotics also contribute to metabolic health, aiding in weight management and blood sugar control. Studies have shown that certain strains can improve insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation, and aid in the breakdown of dietary fats, thereby promoting a healthier cardiovascular profile. Furthermore, they assist in nutrient absorption, ensuring that our bodies derive maximum benefit from the food we eat.The integration of probiotics into daily life has become increasingly convenient, thanks to their incorporation into a variety of foods and supplements. Fermented products such as yogurt, kefir, kimchi, sauerkraut, and kombucha are natural probiotic-rich sources that have been a part of traditional diets for centuries. Additionally, tailored probiotic supplements offer targeted strains tailored to specific healthneeds, providing a personalized approach to gut health optimization.Despite the promising health benefits, it is essential to approach probiotic use with discernment. Not all probiotics work identically for everyone, and the effectiveness can vary based on individual gut microbiota composition. Consulting with healthcare professionals to identify suitable strains and dosages is advisable, especially for individuals withpre-existing medical conditions.probiotics stand as a testament to the harmonious coexistence of humans and microorganisms. As we continue to unravel the complexities of the gut microbiome, the significance of fostering a thriving microbial community within becomes increasingly apparent. By embracing probiotics as an integral part of our lifestyle, we take a proactive step towards enhancing our vitality, fortifying our resilience, and cultivating holistic well-being.。
Microbial Biotechnology Application
Microbial Biotechnology ApplicationMicrobial biotechnology is a rapidly growing field that utilizes microorganisms to develop innovative solutions for various applications. From healthcare to environmental sustainability, microbial biotechnology has the potential to revolutionize industries and improve human lives. In this response, we will explore the diverse applications of microbial biotechnology and the benefits they offer from multiple perspectives. One of the most significant applications of microbial biotechnology is in the field of medicine. Microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, have been used to produce life-saving antibiotics, vaccines, and other pharmaceutical products. For example, the production of insulin, a hormone used to treat diabetes, is now largely done using genetically modified bacteria. This application has not only made insulin more accessible and affordable but has also reduced the reliance on animal sources. In addition to pharmaceuticals, microbial biotechnology has also played a crucialrole in the development of diagnostic tools. Microbial-based tests, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), have revolutionized disease detection and monitoring. These tests are not only faster and more accurate but also enable early diagnosis, leading to better treatment outcomes. The use of microbial biotechnology in diagnostics has been particularly instrumental during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, where rapid and accurate testing has been crucial in controlling the spread of the virus. From an environmental perspective, microbial biotechnology offers sustainable solutionsfor waste management and pollution control. Microorganisms have the ability to degrade and detoxify various pollutants, including oil spills, heavy metals, and organic compounds. Bioremediation, the use of microorganisms to clean up contaminated sites, has proven to be an effective and environmentally friendly approach. By harnessing the power of microbial biotechnology, we can mitigate the harmful effects of pollution and restore ecosystems. Furthermore, microbial biotechnology has the potential to address food security challenges. With the world's population projected to reach 9 billion by 2050, there is an increasing need for sustainable and efficient agricultural practices. Microbes can enhance crop productivity by improving nutrient availability, protecting plants fromdiseases, and promoting growth. Probiotics, which are beneficial microorganisms, can also be used to improve animal health and increase livestock productivity. By leveraging microbial biotechnology, we can develop innovative solutions to feed the growing population while minimizing the environmental impact of agriculture. From a socioeconomic perspective, microbial biotechnology offers opportunities for economic growth and job creation. The biotechnology industry is a rapidly expanding sector, attracting investments and generating high-value jobs. In addition to the pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors, microbial biotechnology has the potential to drive innovation in areas such as biofuels, bio-based materials, and biorefineries. These advancements not only contribute to economic development but also offer sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels and non-renewable resources. In conclusion, microbial biotechnology is a versatile field with diverse applications and benefits from multiple perspectives. From medicine to environmental sustainability, this emerging field has the potential to address some of the most pressing challenges facing humanity. By harnessing the power of microorganisms, we can develop innovative solutions that improve human health, protect the environment, enhance food security, and drive economic growth. The continued advancement of microbial biotechnology holds great promise for abrighter and more sustainable future.。
婴幼儿奶粉配方的发展历程
婴幼儿奶粉配方的发展历程英文回答：The development of infant formula has a long history and has undergone significant changes over the years. In the early days, when breastfeeding was not possible or not preferred, alternative feeding methods were sought. Thefirst commercially available infant formula was introduced in the late 19th century and was primarily made from cow's milk. However, this early formula lacked essentialnutrients and often caused digestive issues in infants.Over time, the formulation of infant formula has evolved to better mimic the composition of breast milk. The addition of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients became common practice to ensure optimal growth and development in infants. For example, iron was added to prevent iron deficiency anemia, and omega-3 fatty acids were includedfor brain development.Advancements in technology also played a significant role in the development of infant formula. The introduction of spray drying in the 20th century allowed for the production of powdered formula, which made it more convenient and cost-effective. This innovation made infant formula more accessible to a wider population.In recent years, there has been a growing demand for organic and natural products, including infant formula. As a result, manufacturers have started producing organic and plant-based formulas to cater to this market segment. These formulas are often made from ingredients such as soy, rice, or oats and are marketed as a healthier alternative to traditional formulas.Furthermore, the understanding of the importance of gut health in infants has led to the development of specialized formulas. Probiotics and prebiotics are now commonly added to infant formula to promote a healthy gut microbiome and improve digestion. These formulas are often marketed as "gentle" or "easy to digest."中文回答：婴幼儿奶粉配方的发展历程已经有很长的历史，并且在多年来经历了重大变化。
211151580_西部喙缘蝽的形态和分子生物学鉴定
MA Ru-yu 1 , PAN Tao 2 , WANG Ting-ting 3 , LIN Chen 3 , RONG Shu-Li 4 , WANG Zi-hao 1 , WANG Jun-ping 1
(1. College of Plant Health & Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Shandong 266109, P. R. China;
174
西 部 林 业 科 学 2023 年
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土壤微生物相关国家项目
土壤微生物相关国家项目
1. 美国国家微生物组项目（National Microbiome Initiative，NMI）：该项目由美国国家科学基金会（NSF）和美国国家卫
生研究院（NIH）联合发起，旨在推动微生物组研究，包括土
壤微生物组的研究。
2. 加拿大国家土壤微生物组计划（Canadian National Microbiome Initiative，CNMI）：该计划由加拿大政府发起，
旨在促进土壤微生物组研究，包括土壤微生物的功能与生态系统服务等方面的研究。
3. 欧洲土壤微生物组计划（European Soil Microbiome Initiative，ESMI）：该计划由欧洲多个国家的科研机构和大学合作发起，旨在深入了解土壤微生物组的结构、功能和与生物多样性之间的关系，为土壤生态系统的保育和可持续土壤管理提供科学依据。
4. 澳大利亚土壤微生物组计划（Australian Soil Microbiome Initiative）：该计划由澳大利亚科学与工业研究组织（CSIRO）发起，旨在研究澳大利亚各地的土壤微生物组，以推动农业可持续发展和生态系统管理。
5. 中国土壤微生物组计划（Chinese Soil Microbiome Initiative，CSMI）：该计划由中国农业科学院等国内科研机构发起，旨
在深入研究中国土壤的微生物组成和功能，探索土壤微生物资源的利用与保护，以促进农业可持续发展和生态环境保护。
这些国家项目旨在通过整合资源、开展合作研究，推动土壤微生物组领域的国际交流与合作，共同解决土壤健康与生态系统可持续性等重大问题。
Microbial Biotechnology Application
Microbial Biotechnology ApplicationMicrobial biotechnology is a rapidly growing field that has the potential to revolutionize various industries, including healthcare, agriculture, and environmental sustainability. The application of microbial biotechnology involves harnessing the power of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and algae, to develop innovative solutions to address complex challenges. From the production of biofuels and pharmaceuticals to the remediation of environmental pollutants, microbial biotechnology offers a wide range of promising applications that havethe potential to significantly impact our world. One of the most exciting applications of microbial biotechnology is in the field of healthcare. Microorganisms have long been used to produce antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals, but recent advances in genetic engineering and synthetic biology have expanded the possibilities for microbial-based therapeutics. For example, researchers are now exploring the use of engineered bacteria to deliver targeted cancer therapies or to produce vaccines more efficiently. These advancements have the potential to revolutionize the way we approach disease treatment and prevention, offering new hope for patients and healthcare providers alike. In addition to healthcare, microbial biotechnology also holds great promise for the agricultural industry. By harnessing the power of beneficial microorganisms, researchers are developing sustainable solutions to improve crop yields, enhance soil fertility, and protect plants from pests and diseases. For example, the useof microbial biofertilizers and biopesticides can reduce the reliance on chemical inputs, leading to more environmentally friendly and cost-effective agricultural practices. Furthermore, the development of genetically modified microorganismswith enhanced traits, such as drought tolerance or nitrogen fixation, has the potential to address food security challenges in a rapidly changing climate. Moreover, microbial biotechnology has the potential to play a significant role in environmental sustainability. Microorganisms are nature's recyclers, capable of breaking down organic matter and degrading environmental pollutants. As such, researchers are exploring the use of microbial biotechnology for the remediationof contaminated sites, the treatment of wastewater, and the production of biofuels from renewable sources. By harnessing the metabolic capabilities of microorganisms,we can develop sustainable solutions to address pressing environmental issues and reduce our reliance on non-renewable resources. Despite the promisingapplications of microbial biotechnology, there are also challenges and ethical considerations that must be carefully navigated. For example, the release of genetically modified microorganisms into the environment raises concerns about unintended ecological consequences and the potential for gene flow to wild populations. Additionally, the use of microbial-based products in agriculture and healthcare requires rigorous safety assessments to ensure that they do not pose risks to human health or the environment. Furthermore, the equitable distribution of the benefits of microbial biotechnology, particularly in developing countries, is an important consideration to ensure that these innovations contribute to global sustainable development. In conclusion, microbial biotechnology offers a wide range of promising applications with the potential to address complex challenges in healthcare, agriculture, and environmental sustainability. From the development of novel therapeutics to the improvement of agricultural practices and the remediation of environmental pollutants, the harnessing of microorganisms holds great promise for the future. However, it is essential to approach the application of microbial biotechnology with careful consideration of the potential risks and ethical implications, while also ensuring that the benefits are equitably distributed for the betterment of society as a whole. As we continue to advance in this field, it is important to foster collaboration and dialogue among researchers, industry stakeholders, policymakers, and the public to ensure that microbial biotechnology is harnessed responsibly and ethically for the benefit of current and future generations.。
关于牙膏的英语作文
关于牙膏的英语作文Title: The Science and Significance of Toothpaste.In the daily grind of life, few products touch as many individuals as toothpaste. A seemingly innocuous tube, it holds the potential to significantly impact our oral health and, indeed, our overall well-being. The history, ingredients, and technology behind toothpaste arefascinating and illustrative of the intersection of science, health, and consumer goods.The earliest recorded use of toothpaste dates back to ancient Egypt and China, where various combinations of powdered charcoal, salt, and herbal extracts were used to cleanse and whiten teeth. These early formulas were rudimentary compared to modern toothpaste, yet they underscored the importance of oral hygiene in maintaining good health.Today, toothpaste has evolved into a highly specializedproduct, with a range of formulations tailored to specific needs and preferences. The basic ingredients of modern toothpaste — abrasives, surfactants, fluoride, and flavoring agents — have been carefully chosen for their ability to clean, protect, and freshen the mouth.Abrasives, such as calcium carbonate or silica, are responsible for the physical cleaning action of toothpaste. They gently scrub away plaque and debris, leaving teeth cleaner and smoother. Surfactants, or detergents, help lift dirt and bacteria from the teeth and gums, while also providing a foaming action that many associate with a thorough cleaning.Fluoride, a naturally occurring mineral, is a critical component of modern toothpaste. It has been shown to effectively prevent tooth decay by strengthening tooth enamel and making it more resistant to acid attack from plaque bacteria. Fluoride toothpaste is widely credited with being one of the most significant public health achievements of the 20th century.Flavoring agents, while often overlooked, play acrucial role in making toothpaste palatable and enjoyable to use. From minty fresh to fruity and everything between, toothpaste flavors help create a positive association with brushing, encouraging regular use.Beyond its basic function, toothpaste also serves as a barometer for changing consumer preferences and health concerns. The rise of natural and organic products has led to a proliferation of toothpastes containing plant-based ingredients and avoiding synthetic preservatives. Consumers are also increasingly interested in toothpaste formulated for specific needs, such as sensitivity, gum health, or whitening.The future of toothpaste looks bright, with new technologies and ingredients promising even better oral health outcomes. Nano-scale abrasives, for instance, could provide a more gentle yet effective cleaning action. Probiotic toothpastes, containing live bacteria beneficial to oral health, are also being explored as a way to further enhance gum and tooth well-being.In conclusion, toothpaste, while often taken for granted, is a remarkable testament to the intersection of science, health, and consumer products. Its evolution from a simple cleanser to a sophisticated oral care product illustrates the power of innovation and the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene. As we continue to learn more about the oral microbiome and the role of oral health in overall well-being, toothpaste will likely continue to evolve, providing us with even better tools to care for our smiles.。
碳质材料载体对微生物的固定化作用及其在环境污染控制中的应用
韩杰，蔡元奇，李欣，等.碳质材料载体对微生物的固定化作用及其在环境污染控制中的应用[J].沈阳农业大学学报，2023，54（1）：121-128.沈阳农业大学学报，2023，54(1)：121-128Journal ofShenyang Agricultural University http ：// DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1700.2023.01.014收稿日期：2022-10-10基金项目：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项项目（CARS-01-51）第一作者：韩杰(1978-)，女，博士，副教授，从事生物炭在霉菌毒素脱除中的应用研究，E-mail:***************.cn通信作者：孟军(1977-)，男，博士，教授，博士生导师，从事生物炭应用研究，E-mail:********************.cn 碳质材料载体对微生物的固定化作用及其在环境污染控制中的应用韩杰a ，蔡元奇a ，李欣a ，翟旻a ，黄明华a ，孟军b（沈阳农业大学a.动物科学与医学学院，b.农学院/水稻研究所/国家生物炭研究院/农业农村部生物炭与土壤改良重点实验室，沈阳110161）摘要：微生物的生物吸附和生物降解作用因具有高效低毒、特异性强、环境友好、价格低廉、易于工业化生产等特点而成为治理环境污染物的重要发展方向。
然而，在实际生产中直接应用游离微生物常常受限于环境因素导致的微生物活性下降以及由此造成的生物修复效率降低的难题。
微生物固定化技术通过吸附、包埋和交联等方式将微生物限定在适宜的载体空间内，可以有效提高微生物的环境抵抗力和代谢活性。
载体作为影响固定化微生物活性和生物量，进而制约微生物固定化技术成功实施的关键因素，加强碳质材料包括生物炭、活性炭、碳纳米管和石墨烯及其衍生物等的微生物固定化载体的开发成为具有广阔前景的研究方向。
相比于其他载体材料，碳质材料载体具有高稳定性、不溶性、高机械强度、良好的孔隙度、较大的比表面积和可以修饰调节的表面功能，有利于微生物在材料表面附着和生长以及在其内部繁殖和发育，为承载微生物奠定了良好的基础，已被广泛应用于环境保护、生物制药、农业生产、食品工程等领域的环境污染物去除和以促进生产为目的的实践应用中。
洗澡的危害英语作文
洗澡的危害英语作文Title: The Hazards of Over-Bathing。
Bathing is an essential part of personal hygiene, but excessive bathing can pose various hazards to our health and the environment. In this essay, we will delve into the detrimental effects of over-bathing and explore alternative practices for maintaining cleanliness while minimizing risks.Firstly, over-bathing can strip the skin of its natural oils, leading to dryness, irritation, and even dermatological conditions such as eczema and psoriasis. Our skin serves as a protective barrier against external pathogens, and when its natural oils are consistently washed away, it becomes more vulnerable to infections and environmental stressors. Moreover, frequent exposure to hot water during bathing can exacerbate these effects byfurther dehydrating the skin.Furthermore, excessive bathing contributes to water wastage, which is a significant concern in regions facing water scarcity. Each shower consumes a considerable amount of water, and when multiplied by the frequency of bathing, the cumulative impact on water resources becomes apparent. Conserving water is crucial for sustainable living, and reducing unnecessary bathing can help alleviate the strain on freshwater reserves.In addition to its effects on personal health and the environment, over-bathing can also disrupt the balance of microorganisms on our skin. The skin microbiome plays a vital role in maintaining immune function and protecting against harmful pathogens. However, excessive cleansing can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to dysbiosis and an increased risk of infections. Therefore, it is essential to strike a balance between cleanliness and preserving the skin's natural microbial ecosystem.Moreover, over-reliance on chemical-laden bath products can introduce harmful substances into our bodies and the environment. Many commercial soaps and shampoos containsynthetic fragrances, preservatives, and surfactants that can be absorbed through the skin or washed into waterways, where they may accumulate and cause ecological harm. Choosing natural, eco-friendly alternatives or reducing the frequency of bathing can help mitigate these risks.Despite these hazards, maintaining personal hygiene is essential for overall well-being. However, it is crucial to adopt practices that promote cleanliness without compromising health or environmental sustainability. Here are some strategies to minimize the risks associated with bathing:1. Limit Bathing Frequency: Instead of bathing daily, consider bathing every other day or as needed based on individual hygiene requirements. This approach allows the skin to retain its natural oils and reduces water consumption.2. Shorten Shower Duration: Aim for shorter showers to minimize water usage and reduce the exposure of skin to hot water, which can cause drying and irritation.3. Use Mild Cleansers: Opt for gentle, natural cleansers that are free from harsh chemicals and artificial fragrances. These products are less likely to disrupt the skin's natural balance or harm the environment.4. Incorporate Dry Bathing Methods: Dry brushing and using absorbent powders can help remove dead skin cells and excess oils without the need for water. These techniques promote skin exfoliation and can be beneficial for individuals with sensitive or dry skin.5. Practice Spot Cleaning: Focus on cleansing areas prone to sweat and odor, such as the underarms and groin, between full baths. This targeted approach can help maintain cleanliness without overburdening the skin with excessive cleansing.In conclusion, while bathing is essential for personal hygiene, over-indulgence can have adverse effects on our health and the environment. By adopting mindful bathing practices and reducing reliance on chemical-laden products,we can promote cleanliness while minimizing the risks associated with excessive bathing. Let us strive to strike a balance between hygiene, health, and environmental sustainability in our daily routines.。
eDNA技术在水生态学研究中的发展和应用
总751期第十七期2021年6月河南科技Henan Science and TechnologyeDNA技术在水生态学研究中的发展和应用王赛王团团黄丽波（广东天鉴检测技术服务股份有限公司，广东深圳518101）摘要：随着分子生物学的快速发展，eDNA（environmental DNA）技术已成为一种新的监测手段，在国际上被广泛应用。
eDNA是指生物体通过唾液、粪便、分泌物和皮肤脱落等释放到环境中的无细胞DNA，因此，eDNA 的采集和检测具有环境友好、易于取样和灵敏度高等优点，可以提供实时的物种分布和群落多样性信息。
本文从eDNA的发展历程、研究方法及其在水生态学中的应用（如监测入侵种和濒危物种，追踪物种生活史过程，推算种群的丰度和生物量，反映生态系统结构变化）等方面进行介绍，阐明eDNA技术在生态环境监测中的适用性和重要性，指出当前eDNA技术的优势与不足之处，并展望了eDNA在生态学和环境学领域的科研前景。
关键词：生态系统；生物多样性；入侵种；濒危物种；生活史过程中图分类号：Q178文献标识码：A文章编号：1003-5168（2021）17-0125-05 Development and Application of eDNA Technology inWater Ecology ResearchWANG Sai WANG Tuantuan HUANG Libo（Skyte Testing Services Guangdong Co.,Ltd.，Shenzhen Guangdong518101）Abstract:Due to the rapid development of molecular biology,eDNA(environmental DNA)technology has become a new monitoring method and is widely used in the world.eDNA refers to cell-free DNA released into the environment through saliva,feces,secretions and skin shedding,therefore,the collection and detection of eDNA has the advantag⁃es of environmental friendliness,easy sampling and high sensitivity,and can provide real-time information on spe⁃cies distribution and community diversity.In this paper,the development history,research methods and application of eDNA in water ecology(such as monitoring invasive species and endangered species,tracing the life history pro⁃cess of species,calculating the abundance and biomass of population,and reflecting the change of ecosystem struc⁃ture)are introduced,and the applicability and importance of eDNA technology in ecological environment monitoring are expounded,and the advantages and disadvantages of current eDNA technology are pointed out,and the research prospect of eDNA in ecology and environmental science is prospected.Keywords:ecosystem；biodiversity；invasive species；endangered species；life history process近50年来，随着人口数量的不断增加和城市化的快速扩张，野生动植物的生存空间日益受到威胁，越来越多的物种开始趋于濒危甚至灭绝，人和自然的和谐关系被打破。
草莓不同生长时期土壤微生物群落结构变化
草莓不同生长时期土壤微生物群落结构变化宋宇【摘要】为制定草莓的适时施肥计划提供理论依据,采用Illumina高通量测序平台对草莓不同生长时期土壤微生物的群落进行16SrRNA基因(V3-V5区)高通量测序,检测4个草莓不同生长时期的土壤微生物群落结构和丰度.结果表明:测序共获得有效序列数364 968条,OTU数38 124个,归属为10门(Proteobacteria,Acidobacteria,Chloroflexi,Actinobacteria,\r\nSaccharibacter ia,Thaumarchaeota,Bacteroidetes,WD272,\r\nGemmatimonadetes,Nitrospir ae)和其他未分类的单元;结果期土壤微生物群落的丰度值最大,特有的微生物种类也最多;优势微生物菌群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria),生长期和结果期的优势属均为(Candidatus Solibacter),开花期和盛果期的优势属为副球菌属(Rhizomicrobium).【期刊名称】《贵州农业科学》【年(卷),期】2018(046)008【总页数】4页(P59-62)【关键词】草莓;生长时期;土壤;微生物群落;高通量测序【作者】宋宇【作者单位】辽东学院城市建设学院,辽宁丹东118003【正文语种】中文【中图分类】S668.4土壤微生物是生态系统的重要组成部分，是土壤养分和有机质转化与循环的重要动力，在陆地生态系统中发挥至关重要的作用[1-2]。
土壤微生物在各方面影响着植物的生长发育，其群落的组成与活性也与植物生产力有关。
近年来，土壤微生物群落组成与多样性研究成为国际土壤微生物学、土壤生态学及全球变化生物学等领域研究的热点之一[3-5]。
传统的平板分离培养已不能很好地反映土壤中微生物类群的真实情况。
因此，将经典的平板培养技术和现代分子生物学PCR产物的变性梯度凝胶电泳技术相结合，极大地推动了根际微生物的研究，对根际微生物在各领域的应用发挥了极其关键的作用[6-7]。
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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2014 Jul 1;307(1):G1-15. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00044.2014. Epub 2014 May 1.
Chemoprevention in gastrointestinal physiology and disease. Natural products and microbiome.
Greiner AK1, Papineni RV2, Umar S3.
Author information
Abstract
The human intestinal tract harbors a complex ecosystem of commensal bacteria that play a fundamental role in the well-being of their host. There is a general consensus that diet rich in plant-based foods has many advantages in relation to the health and well-being of an individual. In adults, diets that have a high proportion of fruit and vegetables and a low consumption of meat are associated with a highly diverse microbiota and are defined by a greater abundance of Prevotella compared with Bacteroides, whereas the reverse is associated with a diet that contains a low proportion of plant-based foods. In a philosophical term, our consumption of processed foods, widespread use of antibiotics and disinfectants, and our modern lifestyle may have forever altered our ancient gut microbiome. We may never be able to identify or restore our microbiomes to their ancestral state, but dietary modulation to manipulate
specific gut microbial species or groups of species may offer new therapeutic approaches to conditions that are prevalent in modern society, such as functional gastrointestinal disorders, obesity, and age-related nutritional deficiency. We believe that this will become an increasingly important area of health research.。