Lecture23-Patterns-S09

合集下载

选必二 Unit 4(课件)--- 高二英语同步精品课堂(人教版2019选择性必修第二册)

Lake Louise
in winter and summer
climate of Canada
Mountains, the Prairie, lakes, forests
geography of Canada
activities in Winning
Daiyu and Liu Qian’s first long train journey
This is as__fl_a_t __ as a pancake and stretches for as far as the eye can see — more than 1, 300 kilometres — until we reach Winnipeg. After that, there are lakes and forests. Daiyu: What kind of place is Winnipeg? Anna: It's a small city almost in the dead centre of North America, from east to west. Liu Qian: What do you do to__k_il_l_t_im__e_ there? Anna: Oh,__y_o_u__n_a_m_e__it__ … skiing, hiking, camping. But also city things like movies or restaurants on the weekends, for example. So is this your first long train journey? 穿越西伯利亚的 Daiyu: Oh, no. Last autumn, we travelled from Beijing to Moscow on the Trans-siberian Railway through Mongolia.

版高考英语一轮复习课时提升作业三十八选修8UNIT3INVENTORSANDINVENTIONS作业

2. What is the primary focus for Berklee’s Aspire tour camp?
A. Adventure.
B. Sports.
C. Music.
D. Religion.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据Berklee’s Aspire: Music Performance Intensive
课时提升作业三十八选修8 (限时35分钟)
Unit 3 Inventors and inventions
Odyssey Expeditions: Caribbean Road Town, Tortola Duration: 3 weeks Odyssey Expeditions offers tropical sailing and scuba diving adventures for teenagers, with marine biology, water sports, and scuba certifications at exciting Caribbean locations. Established in 1995, Odyssey is the best opportunity to safely explore the Caribbean aboard a beautiful sailing catamaran. No experience necessary. Reserve your spot before availability. Small groups of 9-12 allow you to have the most fun!
可知, Berklee’s Aspire夏令营的重点活动是密集的音乐表演。故选C。

9th grade English Unit 9 Section A2a-2d courseware

Through discussion, students can also learn from each other's experiences and perspectives, broadening their own views and knowledge
Students create and perform independently
Student self directed practice and feedback
After receiving guidance and demonstration from teachers, students should independently complete listening exercises to consolidate their learning
It covers the topic of environmental protection and sustainability, focusing on the importance of protecting the environment and taking action to address environmental issues
Before listening, teachers should introduce the background and context of the listening materials to help students better understand the content and purpose of the listening
The language used in the listening materials is simple and easy to understand, but the speed and account may vary, which requires students to have a certain level of listening comprehension and adaptability

新视野大学英语视听说教程2第三版BOOK2UNIT8市公开课获奖课件省名师示范课获奖课件

Listening to the world
Cultural Notes
Belfast: A city, district, and capital of Northern Ireland. It became a city by royal charter in 1888. After the passing of the Government of Ireland Act, 1920, it became the seat of the government of Northern Ireland.
Opening up
Look at the words in the box and answer the questions.
1 Which pair works together? boss and employee 2 Which pair promises to help guide a child through life? godfather and godmother 3 Which pair is going to get married? fiancée and fiancé 4 Which pair involves one person learning from the other? mentor and pupil
2 Watch Part 1 and fill in the blanks. 1) come from 2) most of my family 3) talking to people
Listening to the world
Cultural Notes
Brighton: a town, historic county of Sussex, England, which makes up the major part of the city of Brighton and Hove. It is a seaside resort on the English Channel, 51 miles south of central London. It has been a popular place for holidays since the 18th century.

tpo23writing

The lecture completely refutes the reading passages, which holds that three hypotheses cause the decline of the yellow cedar. In the lecture, the professor argues that all of the explanations are inaccurate.Firstly, the reading passage claims that insect parasites especially cedar bark beetle is a cause of the tree’s decline. On the contrary, the listening material states healthy cedar can resist the insect by secreting powerful chemistry poisonous while the insect only attack the sick.Secondly, in the reading passage, the author believes that bears eating barks for sugars can damage the trees. On the other hand, the professor opposes that the population of the tree is the same on the island and mainland even there is no bear on island, so the bears can’t affect the overall populations.Finally, the author maintains that the roots suffer damage during the cold winter for they are not able to undermine the health of the whole tree. In contrast, the lecturer holds the opposites opinions that cedars live better on high elevation in lower temperature while their dying rates improve on low elevation.。

新视野大学英语第三版第二册Unit3SectionA省公开课金奖全国赛课一等奖微课获奖PPT课件

Main ideas of the parts
Part I — (Para. 1)Previous phases of life
Explains how the traditional way labeled previous life stages: _c_h_ild_h_o_o_d_,_a_d_o_l_e_s_c_e_n_ce_,_a_d_u_l_th_o_o_d_ and old age.
Previous phases in life
Transition
A newly added phase in life: the odyssey years
Characteristics of the odyssey years
Advice to young people
14/109
Main idea & structure
10/109
Cultural background
2. Special terms for different generations
Generation Y (from the mid-1980s to the early s):the Millennial Generation; an increased use and familiarity with communications, media, and digital technologies Generation Z (from the mid-1990s or the early s to the present): the Net or the Internet Generation; spend their entire life with the World Wide Web and high-tech gadgets

MIT-SCIENCE-Lectures-lec09 (2)

7.88 Lecture Notes - 97.24/7.88J/5.48JThe Protein Folding Problem• Fluorescence spectroscopy• Denaturation and Denaturing agents• Denatured State as a random coil (First Approx.)• Renaturation/Refolding Protocols• Detection of partially folded IntermediatesSo far we have examined the experimental evidence for three cases• Ribonuclease S• Heptad Repeat protein -Tropomyosin ; Coil <> helix transition in aqueous solution:• S-peptide coil >helix transition in solutionHowever, as we noted earlier the 22,000 + proteins in the protein database are primarily soluble globular proteins; And probably more than half to 3/4 of the proteins encoded by genomes are in this class:So need to understand how sequence drives fold, or to be A probably the majority of proteins encodedMethods for the study of the conformation of folding intermediatesA. Fluorescence SpectroscopyJ. R. Lakowicz Ch 23 pp518-567Many molecules that absorb light in the UV or visible spectra, also re-emit photons, at longer wavelength: FluorescencePhe Tyr and Tryp absorb in the region of:Amino Acid Abs max (nm) Molar absorbance M-1 cm-1197 Phe 257.41420 Tyr 274.65600 Tryp 279.8Absorbance A =log10(I o/I):I o is transmittance by reference solution, I is transmittance by sample.Molar absorbance is = A/bc, where b is path length in centimeters, and c is concentration in moles/liter280mu. Phe peak is about 255 but 1/20 that of tryp peak at 280.Absorption in this region of the spectrum is due to changes in electronic energy levels, levels of orbital electrons.Photon absorption occurs in 10(-15) seconds, so short that nucleus doesn't change much in time interval; so goes up in energy level almost instantaneously , but lifetime is much longer, 10(-8) seconds.Return to ground state usually multi-step:• small losses of energy in atomic collisions >> Goes back to lowest vibrational energy level state of excited electronic state (faster than emission);If molecule doesn't blow up, then after short period of time,• returns to lowest energy level emitting a photon; since excited state has lost a little energy, then photon emitted will be lower energy, longer wavelength thanphoton absorbed;Lambda max for fluorescence:2820.04Phe0.21303Tyr0.20Tryp340Emission occurs on nanosecond time scale; Process occurs like radioactive decay I = I o e (-t/g), where t is time after end of light, g is average lifetime of fluorescent state; Because emission is a property of valence electrons, sensitive to environment;Fluorescence; tryptophane: in water 350; buried in proteins 330.Native florescent spectrumDenatured fluorescent spectrum:B. Denaturation and the Denatured StateThese studies were carried on purified chains refolding in vitro; of course in cell s chainsreleased from ribosomes, but some 20 years passed before it was possible to studyprotein folding intermediates in vivo:Now let’s consider studying this problem for a complete polypeptide chain of a globularprotein in the general case, for example globin with its 7 helices; to examine the foldingpathway for the globin chain in the test tube, we would need unfolded molecules;We also need to reach the unfolded or partially unfolded state to recover active forms of incorrectly or misfolded molecules; Eli Lilly manufactures human insulin by expressingthe cloned gene in E. coli. When they harvest the cells the insulin chains accumulate asan insoluble mass called an “inclusion body”. In order to obtain biologically activeinsulin the chains must be solubilized and then refolded in vitro.It turns out that maintaining an unfolded state of biologically evolved polypeptide chains is not trivial In order to investigate how chains reach their native state, need access to some definedunfolded –denatured state.In order to recover correctly folded forms of incorrectly folded or misfolded proteins, alsoneed denatured statePractical;To maintain proteins active, need to understand processes of denaturation.To recover proteins from denatured states, need some knowledge thereof. IN factgeneral result of cloning gene into expression vector, is generation of non nativeaggregated state called an inclusion body:Obtaining native protein requires successfully refolding in vitro;• Requires access to soluble state• Method to study basis of stability of native conformation.• To study folding pathway, need defined unfolded starting state.Denaturation; Process of the loss of nature structure: associated with unusual phasetransition associated with structure loss: upon mild treatment:The denatured state is usually identified by the• Loss of biological functionso Loss of catalytic activityo Loss of ligand binding propertieso Loss of antibody recognition: and• Change in solution propertieso Increased viscosityo Aggregates large enough to scatter lighto Change in spectroscopic properties.Under conditions in which Covalent modification not detectable - The term denatured refers to an operation: it’s the description of a state in terms of having passed through operation.Denaturing Agents:Globular proteins can be denatured with a wide variety of agents:• Heato Denatured chains usually partially structured and aggregated (treatment with additional denaturing agents causes further changes).o Often not reversible on cooling outside very narrow set of conditions.o Covalent side reactions as temperature increases.Tropomyosin is an exception!• pHo Ionization of side chains breaking ion pairs, salt bridgeso Denatured chains highly charged:o Increased charge density leads generalized electrostatic repulsion;o Unfolded chain is structured• Organic solventso Benzeneo Phenolo Trichloroethyleneo Acetoneo Ethanolo Chloroformo Acetonitrile- Often neither native nor denatured state soluble in these solvents- Difficult to compare conformations between immiscible solvents- Some induce alpha-helicity, like TFE• Detergentso sodium dodecyl sulfate- Enormously important for analysis; denatured state binds1.4gm/gram of detergent - denatured state is highly structured:- Often is micellar form that is strongly denaturing; so detergent must be above cmc, critical micelle concentration;- Difficult to remove detergents rapidly and efficientlyo Lithium bromideo Sodium bromideo potassium thiocynate (KSCN)- However, not general ionic strength, NaCl, KCl don't do it.- Ammonium sulfate is stabilizing• High Pressureo Useful for multimeric proteins; dissociation reaction• Organic soluteso UreaNH2 - C=0 - NH2- Not an electrolyte: effects sensitive to pH and ionic strengtho Guanidinium HydrochlorideNH2 - C = (NH2+Cl-) - NH2- Strong electrolyte. So denaturation always coupled with high ionicstrengthExperimental work on protein unfolding as a pre-condition for establishing an unfolding refolding equilibrium is dominated by two reagents;C. What is the State of these Denatured Molecules?In both of these solvents -urea and GuHCL - a wide variety of proteins are denatured to species that approximate very closely to random coils. For example, for a true random coil, whose end to end to distance or radius of gyration is described by:Sensitive measure of molecular volume is viscosity; unfolded chains occupy largervolume than folded, and so interfere with fluid flow, increasing viscosity; Viscosity is a measure of work done to produce a given rate of liquid flow; represents resistance toliquid flow;Add solute, viscosity generally increases.When protein denatures, interaction –binding- surface with solvent increases sharply, >> viscosity increases;Intrinsic viscosities of native and GuHCl (5.0 -7.5M) denatured reduced chains(b-MeTh) –25Certain inorganic salts•Protein MW Native Denatured/Reduced RNase 13,700 3.3 16.6 9.4Lysozyme 14,300 2.7 17.1 6.5Hemoglobin 64,500 3.6 18.9beta lactoglobulin 36,800 3.4 22.8 19.8tropomysosin 76,000 45 33For a truly random coil, intrinsic viscosity is directly related to molecular weight throughan equation of the general form[Have to extrapolate to zero shear to make sure molecules aren't orienting in solution.]etaMo = An bWhere Mo is the mean molecular weight of the amino acid residues;n = number of residuesFinding of a straight line relating log of etaMo to log of Anb Determination of viscosityversus molecular weight after denaturation is good evidence for a random coilconformation in the resulting chainsC. Tanford, K. Kawaharas, and S. Laopanje (1967)Proteins as Radnom Coils. I. Intrinsic viscosities and sedimentation coefficients in concentrated guanidine hydrochloride JACS 89 729.For GuHCl Tanford found A = 77.3, b =0.666If plot logarithmically log {viscosity] M versus logn [n] get linear relationshipHere is data from Charles Tanford on the linear variation of intrinsic viscosity as afunction of chain length for polypeptide chains in high concentrations (5 - 7.5 M GuHCl)at 25°C.log[eta]M olog nA similar result is obtained with the same proteins in 8M urea, with very smalldifferences in parameters, A =76, b =0.655.One care need to take with urea, at neutral and alkaline pH decomposes slowly to form cyanate ion. This reacts with free amino groups to form carbamyl derivatives.D. An Equilibrium Denaturation ExperimentNative protein in buffer: dilute to increasing concentrations of urea: examine properties; for example enzyme activity and fluorescence quenching of tryptophanesIncubate until no further changes:Cautions: urea decomposes to reactive cyanates; watch out for metals contamination: need to re-crystallize ultra-pure stuff;In folded state, prolyl peptide bonds stabilized by folded structure; in unfolded state, isomerization proceeds in solution; very slow; at equilibrium cis trans prolyl peptide bonds different than in first few minutes after unfolding:The general nature of the denaturation process, somewhat independent of method is that it is usually highly cooperative, showing a steep change in the state with the variable. Looks like sloppy phase transition;That is, the molecules are either native or denatured, with limited evidence of intermediates. Thus in the transition state have mixture of native and denatured. Like phase change.The Mechanism of Urea and Guanidinium Denaturation:Large literature on action of GdHCl on proteins, but still no mechanism. This is flip side of the very limited ability to assess what is holding the protein together - high concentrations necessary Organic solutes -Strong electrolyte. So denaturation always coupled with high ionic strength for denaturation, for example 6M, these reagents are occupying roughly half the solvent volume. General notion is that they are acting changing the structure of water.Two studies that give some notion of what is going on:Hibbard and Tulinsky Biochemistry 17, 5460-5468. Equilibrated crystal of alpha-chymotrypsin with 2MGuHCl or with 3M urea and examined diffraction pattern. Obviously this is below denaturation transition, but approaching it.GDHCl disrupted primarily surface of molecules in crystal. Solvent becomes better solvent for surface chains.Urea appeared to diffuse into molecule; perhaps solvates non-polar groups otherwise buried. non-polar M.What about proteins lacking disulfide bonds:E. Criteria for existence of partially folded intermediatesDuring equilibrium unfolding and refolding experiments:Protein diluted into various concentrations of denaturant: incubated until no change in signal; (determine empirically)Renaturation: Fully denatured protein diluted back to increasing concentrations of buffer; samples it until no further change in signal;In reading for Thursday you will see that time this sample has incubated in denaturant isa critical variable in refolding kinetics”1. Complex Equilibrium denaturationHere is equilibrium denaturation/renaturation experiment:If curve has a break in slope, normally interpreted as due to presence of apartially folded intermediate at intermediate denaturant concentrations: This isdata forIn the middle of the transition at last three species populated to some extent, U, I, and N2. Non coincidence of signalsHere is denaturation curve for a protein, in which experimenters following twodifferent signals: fluorescence and circular dichroism;Fluorescence groups being exposed to solvent at lower GdHCl concentration that overall backbone unfolding:Suggests that partially folded species formed, with region around tryp disordered, but most of protein intact:3. Occasionally see third class of curvesHere is one for RNase T from Pace et al RNase T: fluorescence increases, then decreases; Can have other kinds of curvesNow of the utmost importance to distinguish kinetic experiments - initiate reaction follow course, under conditions that back reaction not significant, and equilibrium experiment, in which ignore pathway, examine only distribution of end states:In a kinetic experiment evidence for more than two states would come frompresence of more than one kinetic phase:• If only one transition, U >>N, then expect single rate process:• If in studying kinetics observe complex kinetics, for example:- Initial fast rate followed by slow rate followed by much slower rate, evidence that more than one process going on, must be at leastone other species present;Let’s review point about intermediates:If only two states, then fluorescence either 2 (native) or 1 (quenched) (tryp 59)Lets say monitor some other signal, CD alpha helicity: value is 2 or 5; Then both curves will of necessity have same shape; all values simply sum of two populations:If partially folded intermediate, its properties could differ from N and U: Its tryp could be buried, as in N (f=2), but its helices only partially formed - say CD value three:Then CD curve would differ from fluorescence curve:Then as proceed through folding transition, these values follow distribution of partitioning;Part C。

高中英语写作第23课时话题写作科技教案-人教版高中全册英语教案

第23课时话题写作科技辅导科目：英语年级：高中学科教师：课时数： 1如何正确写出句子的各个成分授课类型星级★★教学目的状语的分类教学重、难点如何写好状语授课日期及时段教学内容Ⅱ.同步讲解第二节话题写作——科技9个高频写作词汇情景专练1．affect v．影响相关链接have an effect on对……造成影响写作素材开通博客很多中学生都纷纷开起了自己的博客。

一方面，博客可以作为展示自己的窗口，可以释放学习压力，因此已经被越来越多的中学生所接受。

但是，另一方面，很多家长和老师认为管理个人博客要花相当多的时间和精力，会耽误学习。

请对此现象进行介绍，并发表自己的看法。

写作训练(1)博客在中学生中日益流行，一些人认为它是交流思想的好方法，而其他人担心它会影响学生们的学习。

Blogging has become increasingly popular among middle school students.Some view it as a great way to share ideas，while_others__fear_it_will_affect_students’_study.(2)他们担心操作微博不仅占用大量的时间和精力，还会对视力、健康等造成巨大的影响。

They fear that not only will managing a blog take a lot of time and energy，but_also_it_will_have_a_bad_effect_on_their_eyesight_and_health.2．be/get addicted to上瘾，沉迷相关链接addiction n．瘾；沉溺；入迷addict oneself to使自己沉迷于写作素材1随着近年来现代媒体的迅速发展，很多学生沉迷于虚幻的网络世界——玩网络游戏，写博客等，从而减少了与现实世界中的朋友的交往。

大学英语泛读教程2(第三版)-电子教案Unit 9

U9-p.107
b 3. What is meant by the “spoils of war”? Detail
a. objects that are destroyed by war
b. objects that are taken in war
c. objects that disappear in war
U9-p.104
Track 20
Just as mysterious is the device known as the Antikythera Mechanism. Dubbed the world’s first analog computer, this rusted machine dates from the first century BC and was discovered in a shipwreck in 1901. Though the device was created in Greece and discovered in Greek waters, the ship was Roman. It is speculated that device was part of the spoils of war and, but for the sinking of the vessel, may have ended up in then emperor Julius Caesar’s clutches. It wasn’t until a century after its discovery that experts realized that it was some kind of astronomical device. Knowledge of the contraption is still limited as it has over 30 settings, only a few of which are understood. What is completely astounding is that no evidence of as complex a mechanism as this can be found until the invention of clocks in China 1,000 years later.

maggie雅茹-小姜老师公开课的笔记完整版

目录Outline of Lecture 2 (2)1.读题注意的问题 (3)2.抽象词:命题时有大量抽象词 (3)3.绝对用语 (4)4.情态用语 (6)Outline of Lecture 3 (7)1.上节课复习 (8)2. 表程度和数量的词 (8)3.什么是对比元素 (10)4.什么是评价标准 (11)5.什么是未声明的假设 (12)Outline of Lecture 4 (13)• Q1: 新GRE Issue如何读题（总结）？ (13)1.1抽象词 (13)1.2绝对用语 (13)1.3表情态的词 (13)1.4表数量程度的词 (13)1.5表对比的词 (14)1.6评价标准 (14)1.7未声明假设 (14)• Q2: Issue如何布局？ (15)• Q3: Issue如何开头？ (16)写引子hook (16)主旨句Thesis Statement (17)• Q4: Issue如何展开？ (17)• Q5: Issue如何结尾？ (18)Outline of Lecture 5 (18)• Q2: 如何限定题目讨论范围？ (19)• Q3: 什么叫题目背景? (20)• Q4: 如何有效地举例子？ (21)举例子用语 (21)• Q5: 如何使用因果展开？ (22)因果展开：除了because of还可以用——变换用词 (22)• Q6: 如何让步展开？ (23)Outline of Lecture 6 (24)Q1: Issue如何展开？（回顾）？ (24)• Q2: 如何提出批判性问题？：用提问方法丰富句式 (26)• Q3: 如何提出其他意见?：出现only 和best (27)Q4: 升华题目观点？:必须要有 (28)• Q5: 什么是具体情况具体分析？（写作要求consider ways） (29)Outline of Lecture 7 (30)• Q1: 如何攻击对立观点？（重要） (30)• Q2: 如何权衡利弊? (32)• Q3: 怎样评价逻辑关系？Claim: ... Reason: (33)• Q4: 什么是推演结果？ (34)• Q5: Issue如何展开？（回顾总结）？ (34)分析几道高频题目 (35)Outline of Lecture 8 (37)• Q1: Issue如何读题（回顾）？ (37)• Q2: Issue文章如何确定立场？ (39)• Q3: I ssue如何展开（回顾） (39)• Q4: Issue如何论点布局？ (39)• Q5: 从读题到论点布局（总结）。

New version of Unit 9 courseware for 7th grade Eng

It is used to express actions that are happening now or in the near future. For example, "I am studying English now."
General Past Tense
It is used to express actions that have already happened. For example, "I studied English yesterday."
Through listening training, students can improve their listening skills, including comprehension, inference, and note-taking, which are essential for academic success.
• "Be" verb: "I am" becomes "I was," "he/she/it is" becomes "he/she/it was."
Examples of special changes in the past tense of
irregular verbs
• "Go" verb: "I go" becomes "I went." • "See" verb: "I see" becomes "I saw." • "Do" verb: "I do" becomes "I did." • Other examples include "eat," "have," "make," and

TPO9听力文本解析

Conversation 1food science 食品科学(研究食物的烹调及制作的科学，有时还包括营养学及饮食学在内) major course of study专业it seems like a great industry to get involved with. 看起来食品科学是一个很不错的行业（投身于）。

a four-year degree in food science 食品科学专业的四年制学位academia学术界；学术生涯例：...the importance of strong links between industry and academia....工业界和学术界间紧密联系的重要性。

food manufacturer 食品生产商the US Food and Drug Administration 美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）commercial商业的，商用的a commercial fishing boat 商用捕鱼船we'd bring in the day's catch to a floating processor boat where the fish got cleaned, packaged and frozen right at sea. 我们将当天所捕获的鱼集中送到一艘海上加工船。

清洗，包装，冷冻全在海上完成。

floating浮动的，漂浮的；不固定的floating population流动人口floating rate 浮动汇率as a matter of fact, I am sort of interested in food packaging. 实际上，我对食品包装比较感兴趣。

for that, you will need a strong background in physics, math and chemistry. 那样的话，你得在物理，数学，化学方面有良好的教育背景。

新视野大学英语视听说教程2第三版BOOK2UNIT2精品PPT课件

Listening to the world
BEFORE you listen
1 Discuss the questions.
Sharing Listening Viewing
Listening to the world
BEFORE you listen
1 Discuss the questions.
1 What do you know about Venice? • Venice is a great tourist destination in Italy, which is famous for its architecture and its artworks. • It is a city built on small islands separated by canals and linked by bridges. That is why it is the only city which has no cars, and people use gondolas to travel around.
√1
2
A
B
3
√4
C √5
E 7
D 6
F 8
G
H
Listening to the world
4 Watch Part 2 and check the true statements.
Istanbul
the largest city in Turkey, constituting the country’s economic, cultural and historical heart. Famous tourist attractions include Byzantine churches, Ottoman palaces, Aya Sofya, the Blue Mosque, the Basilica Cistern, and

新视野英语教程读写教程2(第三版)Unit9课件

Unit 9
Improvement in Appliances
NEW HORIZON ENGLISH COURSES
Book Two
PPT学习交流
1
Unit 9
Improvement in Appliances
1
Around the
Topic
2
Section
A
3
Section
B
4
Section
C
Leading in
11
Suggested answer:
A housewife may want to have a microwave oven that can cook delicious dishes according to her order; an engineer may want a computer that can operate according to oral instructions. But I would like to have video camera to keep record of the beautiful things in my life.
they are too difficult to operate
PPT学习交流
7
A. Directions: You will hear a short passage. Listen carefully and answer the following questions.
1. Do you agree that technology has improved people’s life?
they are designed to be simple and easy to operate

New Concept English Volume 2 Lesson 23(1)

Background of the text and introduction of the author
01
Time period
01
The text is set in the early 20th century, reflecting the social and cultural background of that era.
Location
02
The story takes place in England, specifically in a small town representing the typical English countryside.
Theme
03
The theme of the text revolves around the daily lives and interactions of the characters, exploring themes of love, friendship, and community.
Reading comprehension and writing guidanceListening training and improvement of oral expression abilityKnowledge Expansion and Cultural Background Supplement
Practicing English-Chinese translation helps improve language proficiency and translation skills.
Useful tips for practical translation exercises include selecting appropriate translation tools and resources, such as dictionaries and online translation tools; focusing on language pairs and specific domains; and revising and proofreading translations to ensure accuracy and fluency.

TPO23听力解析详细版

TPO23 listening 问题解析注：红色标记为解题突破。

（编辑整理by 傻美）Section 1Conversation 11. What is the cause of the student's problem?A．She missed the deadline for submitting her announcement to the university web siteB. She did not include enough information in her announcement.C. The editors of the university web site did not post her announcementD. The university web site will not be available to students for several days.答案：C解析：（08”）定位句：I'm here 'cause... well,there's something I don't understand. I set an announcement for an event. And this morning I checked the events section of the university's website. And nothing, there is no mention of it.听清开头就会发现，有很明显的提示词cause，还停顿了。

原因就是女生在网上发布了一个通知，但是在学校网页上木有这个通知。

C选项正确2. What did the student's group have to promise the author in order to get him to visit the university?A. That he would have a large audience for his readingB. That his books would be advertised on the university web siteC. That the French Department would pay his travel expensesD. That he would also be able to speak at another nearby university答案：A解析：（52”）定位句：We were able to sell him on the idea by promising there’ll be a nice size crowd, I felt confident about that, because I know how enthusiastic our group is.女生说作者能来是因为承诺了他可以去很多人，因为学生们都很有热情。

Unit6英语阅读第二册上外教材-英语专业省公开课金奖全国赛课一等奖微课获奖PPT课件

20/29
Great Depression (L14)
▪ the severe economic problems that followed the Wall Street Crash of 1929.
▪ In the early 1930s, many banks and businesses failed, and millions of people lost their jobs in the US and in the UK and the rest of Europe.
10/29
Section A Word Pretest
▪ 1. Do Word Pretest (P77) within 3 mins. ▪ 2. Check the answers. ▪ 3. Underline the italicized words in the
Text I while you read it.
11/29
Text I: Martin Luther King
* General Reading: ▪ Read the text, time it and record the
time it takes. ▪ Do the Reading Comprehension (P80)
as quickly as possible.
and the signal words to show the pattern of details.
1/29
▪ Details are proof or explanation of the main idea of a reading passage.
▪ The pattern of details means the way to organize or arrange the details.

2020版高考英语新设计大一轮人教新高考(浙鲁京琼)版讲义：必修二 Unit 3 含答案

词汇6．calculator F．n.计算器(1)signal (to) sb to do sth示意某人做某事signal (to) sb that... 示意某人……(2)give a signal (to sb) (向某人)发信号单句语法填空/句型转换①He signaled the woman driver to__stop (stop) the car by raising his hand.②The policeman signaled (to) the driver to cross the road.→The policeman signaled (to) the driver that he__could__cross__the__road．→The policeman gave__a__signal__to__the__driver__to__cross the road.(signal n．)[佳句背诵] In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards to signal that someone was moving about upstairs.为了不让别人听到，她竖起手指示意有人正在楼上走动。

2.total adj.总的；整个的n．总数v．合计；总数达(1)in total总计；总共(2)total up＝add up 合计，算出总数total up to＝add up to 共计达；加起来有(3)totally adv. 完全地单句语法填空/完成句子①I totally (total) agree with what Susan says about the best present.②Your bill for tonight’s dinner totals__up__to/adds__up__to (共计达) 288 yuan.[佳句背诵] How much do you have to pay in total/in all if the four of you go together?如果你们四个一起去的话你总共需要支付多少钱？3.arise vi.(arose, arisen, arising)起身；起床；出现；发生；呈现；产生arise from/out of...由……而引起；由……而产生[一词多义] 写出下列句子中arise的含义①Seeing his mother return home, the boy arose from his chair immediately.起身，起来②A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.出现③They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.起床④It can’t be too careful while driving.Accidents often arise__from/out__of__carelessness(由粗心而引起)．[名师指津] arise作“呈现；出现；发生”时，主语多为抽象名词，如：argument, problem, quarrel等，多指不好的事情发生。

【小卒过河】托福iBT阅读+听力经典加试整理...

TOEFL IBT经典加试整理版READING (2)苏美尔文明 (2)达尔文进化论 (4)marsupial（有袋动物） (5)威尼斯的盐事业 (5)第三篇地核物质成分 (6)第四篇玛雅文明 (6)第五篇生物适应性（1月13号阅读） (6)第六篇MS第一次出现（12月16号） (6)Listening (7)神经元细胞（四道题） (7)ID Problem (8)浪漫主义诗歌 (8)鸟类迁徙bird migration (9)Ragtime music (9)大王花Rafflesia (10)第七篇(加试-conversation) (11)第八篇(加试-lecture) (11)第九篇(加试-lecture) (11)第十篇听力MS第一次出现12月1号 (12)第十一篇北美加考 (12)第十二篇从以后的JJ来看，好像就出现过一次10月18号 (12)READING苏美尔文明Mesopotamia的背景：美索不达米亚亚洲西南部Tigris 和Euphrates 两河流域间的古王国,美索不达米亚古代西南亚介于底格里斯河和幼发拉底河之间的一个地区，位于现在的伊拉克境内。

可能在公元前5000年以前就开始有人在此定居。

这一地区孕育了众多的人类早期文明，其中包括苏美尔文明、阿卡德文明、巴比伦文明和亚述文明。

蒙古侵略者在公元1258年破坏了该地区发达的灌溉系统之后，这一地区的重要性就此减小。

其中巴比伦文明以其成就斐然而成为两河流域文明的典范，古巴比伦王国与古埃及、古印度和中国构成了人们所说的世界四大文明古国。

尼罗河文明：发源于非洲尼罗河（Nile）流域，又称古埃及文明，其历史也可追溯到公元前4000年。

公元前3100年左右，上埃及国王美尼斯统一上下埃及，开始了史称的埃及王朝时期，也就代表了古埃及文明的正式开始。

美索布达米娅文化Sumerian civilization第一段：美文化和埃及文化同时，但因为美的地域限制一直没有统一。