英语MBA联考英语之英译汉

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MBA英语翻译

4. 正反译法
4．正反译法 We should stop treating the sea as a dump for human and industrial effluent. 我们不应该再把海洋当成人类生活污水和工业污水的垃圾场了。 The first bombs missed the target. 第一批炸弹没有击中目标 Don’t make your conclusion before the end of the year. 到年底再下结论吧。 The work has yet to be done. 工作还没做呢。 It has been nine or ten years since I met him. 我有九到十年没见着他了。 Nothing is impossible. 一切皆有可能。
长句练习：We can say that the primary function of a bank today is to act as an intermediary between depositors who wish to make interest on their savings, and borrowers who wish to obtain capital.
3) 名词转译成形容词： David was pleased with the warmth of the welcome. 大卫对热烈的欢迎感到很高兴。 The conference was quite a success. 这次会议很成功。 Most teenagers feel no difficulty in learning and operating computers. 绝大部分青少年在学习和操作电脑方面并不觉得困难。

MBA英语考试汉译英

一、原文结构分析
• Blame the PC: Today, many executives type their own memos and carry their “secretaries” in the palms of their hands.
二、原文句子成分切分
• Blame / the PC:/ Today, many executives / type their own memos / and carry their “secretaries” / in the palms of their hands.
四、整句试译
• 当新技术/ 震惊 / 电信业的时候，/ 话务员Judy Dougherty / 参加了再培训。她 / 现在是一位通信技术员，/ 一年挣约64，000美元。
五、译文结构调整
• 当新技术影响到电信业的时候，话务员Judy Dougherty参加了再培训。她现在是一位通信技术员，年薪约64，000美元。
三、语义推敲
• Shake up 使…震惊，使…不安 • the telecomm business 电信业 • telephone operator 电话接线员 • pursue retraining 参加再培训 • a communications technician 通
信技术员 • earn 挣 • per year 每年
三、语义推敲
• Word processors 文字处理人员 • typists 打字员 • lose a job 失业 • while 当…时候 • secretarial 秘书的 • vanish 消失
四、整句试译
• 文字处理人员和打字员 / 将会失去约93,000份工作 / 在未来几年内，/ 当57,000个秘书职位会消失的时候。

MBA翻译真题

2010年一月MBA联考英语翻译真题Section Ⅲ Translation?“Sustainability" has become a popular word these days. But to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday actions and choice.Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He had been through the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.It didn't go well. "It was a really bad move because that's not my passion'', says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales.” I was miserable. I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, "Just wait, you will turn the corner, give it some time."2009年一月MBA联考英语翻译真题（1）With the nation’s financial system teetering on a cliff. The compensation arrangements for executives of the big banks and other financial firms are coming under close examination again.Bankers’ excessive risk- taking is a significant cause of this financial crisis and has continued, to others in the past, in this case, it was fueled by low interest rates and kept going by a false sense of security created by a debt-fueled bubble in the economy.（2）Mortgage lenders gladly lent enormous sums to those who could not afford to pay them back dividing the laws and selling them off to the next financial institution along the chain, advantage of the same high-tech securitization to load on more risky mortgage-based assets.（3）Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible practices that led banks down in this road, in hopes averting the next crisis, which is likely to involve different financial techniques and different sorts of assets. But it is worth examining the root problem of compensation schemes that are tied to short-term profits and revenue’s, and thus encourage bankers to take irresponsible risks.2008年一月MBA联考英语翻译真题Section 4 Translation (20 points)Direction: in this section there is a paragraph in English. Translate it into Chinese a nd write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.The term "business model" first came into widespread use with the invention of personal computer and the spreadsheet(空白表格程序). Before the spreadsheet, business planning usually meant producing a single forecast. At best, you did a little sensitivity analysis around the projection. （1）The spreadsheet ushered in a much more analytic approach to planning because every major line item could be pulled apart, it components and subcomponents analyzed and tested. （2）You could ask what-if questions about the critical assumptions on which your business depended-for example, what if customers are more price-sensitive than we thought? And with a few keystrokes, you could see how any change would play out on every aspect of the whole. In other words, you could model the behavior of business. Before the computer changed the nature of business planning, most successful business models were created more by accident than by elaborate design. （3）By enabling companies to tie their marketplace insights much more tightly to the resulting economics, spreadsheet made it possible to model business before they were launched.2007年一月MBA联考英语翻译真题Section IV Translation (20 points)Directions: In this section there is a passage in English Translate the passage into Chineseand write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.（1）Powering the great ongoing changes of our time is the rise of human creativity as the defining feature of economic life. Creativity has come to be valued, because new technologies, new industries and new wealth flow from it. And as a result, our lives and society have begun to echo with creative ideas. （2）It is our commitment to creativity in its varied dimensions that forms the underlying spirit of our age.（3）Creativity is essential to the way we live and work today, and in many senses always has been. The big advances in standard of living --not to mention the big competitive advantages in the marketplace--always have come from" better recipes, not just more cooking." One might argue that's not strictly true. （4）One might point out, for instance, that during the long period from the early days on the Industrial Revolution to modern times, much of the growth in productivity and material wealth in the industrial nations came not just from creative inventions like the steam engine, but from the widespread application of "cooking in quantity" business methods like massive division of labor ,concentration of assets, vertical integration and economies of scale. But those methods themselves were creative developments.2006年一月MBA联考英语翻译真题Section IV Translation（20 point）Directions：in this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five underlined sentences into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEETThe smooth landing of shuttle（航天飞机）Discovery ended a flight that was successful in almost every respect but one：the dislodging of a big chunk of foam，like the one that doomed the Columbia. This flight was supposed to vault the shuttle fleet back into space after a prolonged grounding for repairs. But given the repeat of the very problem that two years of retooling was supposed to resolve，the verdict is necessarily mixed.（61）Once again，the space agency has been forced to put off the flight until it can find a solution to the problem，and no one seems willing to guess how that may take .The Discovery astronauts performed superbly during their two-week mission，and the shuttle looked better than ever in some respects.（62）space officials were justifiably happy that so much had gone well，despite daily worries over possible risks. The flight clearly achieved its prime objectives.The astronauts transferred tons of cargo to the international space station，which has been limping along overhead with a reduced crew and limited supplies carried up on smaller Russian spacecraft .（63）They replaced a broken device .repaired another and carted away a load of rubbish that had been left on the station，showing the shuttle can bring full loads back down from space.This was the most scrutinized shuttle flight ever. With the vehicle undergoing close inspection while still in orbit.（64）New sensing and photographic equipment to look for potentially dangerous damage to the sensitive external skin proved valuable. A new back flip maneuver allowed station astronauts to photograph the shuttle‘s underbelly .and an extra-long robotic arm enabled astronauts see parts of the shuttle that were previously out of sight.（65）The flood of images and the openness in discussing its uncertainties about potential hazards sometimes made it appear that the shuttle was about to fall apart，In the end the damage was clearly tolerable . A much-touted spacewalk to repair the shuttle‘s skin the first of its kind moved an astronaut close enough to pluck out some protruding material with his hand Preliminary evidence indicates that Discovery has far fewer nicks and gouges than shuttles on previous flights，perhaps showing that improvements to reduce the shedding of debris from the external fuel tank have had some success.2005年一月MBA联考英语翻译真题Section IV Translation (20 points)Directions:In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five sentences underlined into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.(56)An art museum director with foresight might f ollow trends in computer graphics to make exhibit more appealing to younger visitor.(57)For instances, capable corporate manager might s ee alarming rise in local housing price that c ould affect availability of skilled workers in the region..(58) People in government also need foresight tokeep system running smoothly, to play budget and prevent war.(59)Many of the best known technique for foresigh t were developed by government planner, especially in the military, “thinking about the unthinkable ”.(60)The futurist recognized that the future worldis continuing with preset world. We can learna great deal about what many happen in thefuture by looking systematically at what is hap py now.2004年一月MBA联考英语翻译真题section v translation （10 points）directions： in this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five sentences underlined into Chinese and write your translation on the answer sheet2.March 27， 1997，dawned as a normal day at the Collins‘ home. by the middle of the morning， jack Collins was at his desk， writing checks，paying bills the way he always had： on time. then the phone rang， and the nightmare began.（71） An investigator for a bank was on the line， asking in a severe voicewhy Collins， a university physicist， was late on payments for a $27，000 car， bought in Virginia the previous year. “I don’t have a car like this，” Collins protested. the l ast time he had set foot in Virginia was as an officer at a submarine base， three decades ago. but his name was on the contract， and so was his social security number. during the months that ensued， he and his wife learned that someone had bought four more cars and 28 other items ——worth $113，000 in all m in their name. Their hitherto good credit record had been destroyed. （72）“After a lifetime of being honest，” says Collins，“all of a sudden I was basically being accused of stealing and treated like a criminal.”This is what it means to fall prey to a nonviolent but frightening and fast-growing crime： identity theft.It happens to at least 500，000 new victims each year，according to government figures.（73） And it happens very easily because every identification number you have m social security，credit cards driver‘s license， telephone m “is a key that unlocks some storage of money or goods，” says a fraud （欺诈） program manager of the us postal service. “so if you throw away your credit card receipt and I get it and use the number on it，I’m not becoming you，but to the credit card company I’ve become your account.”（74） One major problems experts say， is that the social security number （SSN）– originally meant only for retirement benefit and taxpurposes —— has become the universal way to identify people. it is used as identification by the military， colleges and in billions of commercial transactions. yet a shrewd thief can easily snatch your SSN， not only by stealing your wallet， but also by taking mail from your box， going through your trash for discarded receipts and bills or asking for it over the phone on some pretext. using your SSN， the thief applies for a credit card in your name， asking that it be sent to a different address than yours， and uses it for multiple purchases. a couple of months later the credit card company， or its debt collection agency，presses you for payment. you don‘t have to pay the debt， but you must clean up your damaged credit record. （75）That means getting a means getting a police report and copy of the erroneous contract， and then using them to clear the fraud from your credit reports which is held by a credit bureau. Each step can require a huge amount of effort.。

mba联考英语英译汉重要短语及句型 (1)

1.……not so much…… as （but)……与其说……还不如说……2.……not so much that……as （but) that…… 与其说……还不如说……3.……not so much as…… （=not even)甚至于不……，连……也不……4.……might as well……as…… 与其说……还不如说……例1：He is not so much a teacher as a scholar.译文：与其说他是老师，还不如说是学者。

（注意翻译时动作的对象）例2：It wasn't so much his appearance I liked as his personality.译文：与其说我喜欢他的外表，不如说我喜欢他的品格。

例3：It's not so much that I don't want to come but I just haven't got the time.译文：倒不是因为我不想来，而是我根本没有时间。

例4：He didn't so much as say thank you after all we'd done for him.译文：我们为他干了那么多事，他甚至连谢谢都没有说一声。

例5：You might as well throw your money into the sea as lend it to him.译文：与其将钱借给他，还不如把钱丢进大海。

（注意翻译时动作的对象）[注意]：more……than……1.she is more beautiful than her sister. 她比她姐姐漂亮。

2.George is more intelligent than aggressive. 与其说乔治言行放肆，不如说他聪颖过人。

以上第1句是more……than结构的一般用法，即在两个不同的事物之间就同一方面作比较；而第2句是就同一个人的两个不同方面作比较。

MBAMPA专业学位硕士联考英语大作文（附翻译）

MBAMPA专业学位硕士联考英语大作文（附翻译）Final Guide to 2011 MBA Test --- A Bird’s Eye ViewType I Social Phenomenon (Debatable Topic)1. 近两年，美国的大学入学考试进入中国，吸引了众多家长和中学生的关注。

在一些大城市，申请参加考试的人数逐年增加。

请对此现象谈谈看法。

Paragraph One Nowadays more and more Chinese high school students choose to apply for American college entrance test. This phenomenon has received immediate attention from our society. Relevant concern and discussion can be frequently found in media of every kind. (38 words)(第一段) 现今，越来越多中国高中生申请参加美国大学入学考试。

这种现象立刻引起了全社会的关注。

相关的关心和讨论能够频繁得出现在各种媒体上。

Paragraph Two Just as every coin has two sides, this phenomenon is no exception. People vary greatly in their viewpoint. Some argue that it’s understandable for Chinese students to take this action. They even add that American test is another good choice for those students. Of course, other people have radically different view. For them, American test comes as a competition to Chinese test system. They fear that our best students will be lost in this way. Besides, one more test means another burden to the students. (85 words)(第二段）正如每个硬币都有两面，这种现象也不例外。

MBA联考英语分类模拟题英译汉综合练习(一)-1

MBA联考英语分类模拟题英译汉综合练习(一)-1翻译题1. The world's richest countries, which have contributed by far the most to the atmospheric changes linked to global warming, are already spending billions of dollars to limit their own risks from its worst consequences, like drought and rising seas. But despite longstanding treaty commitments to help poor countries deal with warming, these industrial powers are spending just tens of millions of dollars on ways to limit climate and coastal hazards in the world's most vulnerable regions—most of them close to the equator and overwhelmingly poor.Over the last few decades, as scientists have intensified their study of the human effects on climate and of the effects of climate change on humans, a common theme has emerged: in both respects, the world is a very unequal place.In almost every instance, the people most at risk from climate change live in countries that have contributed the least to the atmospheric buildup of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases linked to the recent warming of the planet. Those most vulnerable countries also tend to be the poorest. And the countries that face the least harm—and that are best equipped to deal with the harm they do face —tend to be the richest.答案：世界上那些最富有的国家是造成全球变暖这一气候变化的最大罪人，他们目前正花费几十亿美元不惜血本地试图将如干旱或海平面升高等气候灾害发生的可能性降到最低。

MBA英语考试：英译汉试题中重要短语及句型整理二

MBA英语考试：英译汉试题中重要短语及句型整理二nothing of: 无……的部分;无……的气质There was nothing of the lady in her behavior. 她的举止根本没有淑女的气质。

区别：all but 几乎，差一点，除……以外其余都是but for要不是but that+从句：若不是……例1：She all but fainted when she heard the news.译文：她听到这一消息时几乎晕倒了。

注：此句中a11 but意为nearly，almost。

试对比：All but the little children thought that the trip was exciting.译文：除了小孩，大家都认为这次旅行是激动人心的。

此句中all but意为a11 except。

例2：But for the rain we should have a pleasant journey.译文：要不是下雨，我们的旅行本来是愉快的。

例3：He would have helped us but that he was short of money at the time.译文：若不是他那时缺钱，他是会帮助我们的。

注1).but that引导的从句中谓语用陈述语气。

2).but that有灵活的译法。

如：Nothing would satisfy that child but that I place her on my lap.(那孩子什么都不要，只要我把她抱在怀里。

“名词+or+名词”结构中or后的名词是同位语，应译为“即……;或者称……”例1：Moreover, technology includes techniques, or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them.译文：再者，除机器外技术还包括技艺，即制作方法，而动用这些技艺并不一定都需要机器。

MBA考试英语翻译

1、What’s your short-term goal and long-term goal?A: My short-term goal is to do well my present job and finish my the MBA study, the long-term goal is to achieve a listed company COO（Chief Operating Officer）.2、What are you greatest weaknesses/strengths?A: My weakness is I can’t Work Normally in Noisy Environment. My advantage is responsible, logical, and high in working efficiency.3、What’s the failure in your work experience,and what can you learn from this?A: I did not update the server's backup file for one time, but deleted the source file's data. These triggered we lost part of the latest data. After that, I think that the problem must be thought over.4、How do you manage your team?A: First, team members should develop responsibility system table, clearly everyone's duties, discuss the specific programs of teamwork, and form the system, and finally Establishing Motivation System.5、What characters are important/necessary to bo a leader?A: I think as a leader should have good tolerance, and keep calm at any moment.6、How do you motivate your team to succeed?A: First we should have a motivation system, second focus on integrity, respect for employees, and set up a fine example to all of us through my good work and mercy.7、What will you do if most of people oppose you in your work?A: First we should find out what’s the problem is, and analysis the possible reasons, if I make the mistake, I will do self-criticism and self-reflection.8、Which kind of people you dislike?A: I do not like the people who square accounts in every detail.9、How will you cooperate with them if you must do it?A: First, I'll must make them clearly realize the importance of working, and havea private conversation to understand their thoughts, and make sure them join theteam one by one t.10、What will you do if you disagree with your boss?A: First, I should think over my consideration to get more recognition, and then look for an opportunity and have a privately talk to my boss.11、If you are a boss of a company, what qualification you want your employees have? why?A: First, I hope the employees should have the basic skills of job candidates, and also have good capacity for learning. The reason is the basic skills can adapt quickly to work, saving the company's training costs, and enabled the company to serve customer better.求学类：1、Why you apply for MBA program?A: The first is my personal career development needed, and I want to improve my qualifications, degrees, and increase the competitive ability.2、3、Why you choose this university?A: Beihang University with long history and have rich experienced in teaching. I like this school very much, and I really want to study here.4、5、Why should I accept you as MBA student?A: I have extensive interest, have deep love for studying, order to remedy one's own deficiency. And I cherish this opportunity to study MBA in the university.6、7、Please make a description of your alma mater/hometown?A: My high school is Xia Men university which is a beautiful maritime city in Fujian Province. The school environment is very nice, and the entire learning environment enriched. I like my high school very much.I come from Xiangcheng City, a city of Henan Province, which is a small town inthe Central Plains, the people are quiet and harmony, have beautiful spring, I lovemy hometown.生活类：兴趣爱好：1、What are your hobbies？A: I like to watch science fiction movies.2、What do you do in your spare time?A: I like swimming, playing badminton, table tennis, and sometimes organization and participate in outdoor activities. I like challenge myself.3、How do you release pressure/relax yourself in your spare time?A: When I am sad, I take refuge in remembering happier times and play games. 4、5、What kind of recreations do you most enjoy?A: I like classmate party and traveling together.6、7、8、其它1、Who is your most respectable person? And why?A: I like my parents very much. They work hard and pay everything for their children.2、How do you balance family and work?A: I like easy things, Work and life are separable. We are not living to work, but work for a living. I will not bring bad emotion to life with unpleasant emotions come from work, nor did the work of unpleasant to my life.3、Which kind of people can be your best friend? And why?A: Honest and trustworthy people will be my best friend, I think Friends should be frank, honest and trustworthy,it is the basis of the relationship between people.Dishonest people never have a true friend.。

2023年全国研究生招生考试管理类专业学位联考英语试题译文

2023年全国研究生招生考试管理类专业学位联考英语试题译文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12023 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination for Management MajorsPart I: Translation1. Translate the following passage into English (30 points)考研考试是我国实施研究生培养制度的重要组成部分，它不仅是选拔研究生的重要途径，也是评价研究生培养质量的重要依据。

因此，考研考试的选拔发挥了推动研究生教育与培养创新型人才的功能。

Answer:The postgraduate entrance examination is an important part of the graduate education system in China. It is not only an important means of selecting postgraduates, but also an important basis for evaluating the quality of graduate education. Therefore, the selection of the postgraduate entrance examination plays a role in promoting graduate education and cultivating innovative talents.2. Translate the following sentences into Chinese (20 points)1) Public administration is an interdisciplinary field that integrates theory, policy, and practice.2) Management majors need to develop a solid foundation in economics, finance, and leadership.3) The advent of big data has revolutionized the way organizations make decisions and strategize.Answer:1) 公共管理是一个综合理论、政策和实践的跨学科领域。

2020年MBA英语翻译复习指导(二)

2020年MBA英语翻译复习指导(二)1. 正译法就汉译英来说，就是把句子按照与汉语相同的表达方式译成英语。

例1：我们强烈反对公司的新政策。

译文：We strongly object the company’s new policy.例2：人不可貌相。

译文： We cannot judge a person by his appearance.2.反译法就汉译英来说，就是把句子按照与汉语相反的表达方式译成英语。

例3 ：酒吧间只有五个顾客还没有走。

译文：Only five consumers remained in the bar.例4：这台机器一点儿也不复杂。

译文：This machine is far from being complicated.由上可见，正译法和反译法主要体现在汉语里是否使用"不"、"非"、"无"、"没有"、"未"、"否"等字眼，或是在英语里是否使用no,not等词或带有dis- ，im- ，in- ，un- ， -less等带否定含义的词缀。

读者也可将例1，例2试着用反译法表达出来。

结果就是：We strongly disapprove the company’s new policy.和 Appearances are deceptive. 至于两种译法得出的两个译文究竟哪一个更好，就要看译文是否准确规范，简练精辟，是否符合该语言使用者的表达习惯了。

3.定语位置的调整汉语的定语，无论是单用还是几个连用，通常都放在所修饰的名词之前。

而在英语里，单词作定语时，一般放在所修饰的中心词之前，词组，短语和从句作定语时，则放在所修饰的名词之后。

汉语的定语译成英语时，有的可能是单词，有的可能是短语，有的可能是从句。

对这些成分的安排，要依据英语的语言习惯来处理。

反之亦然。

MBA联考共享笔记之英译汉精讲精练修订版

M B A联考共享笔记之英译汉精讲精练修订版IBMT standardization office【IBMT5AB-IBMT08-IBMT2C-ZZT18】MBA2002联考共享笔记之英译汉精讲精练英译汉是运用汉语把英语所表达的思想准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动而英译汉的过程则是正确理解英语原文和创造性地用汉语再现英语原文的过程, 在英译汉的过程中, 有两点值得我们特别地注意:(1) 汉语所要表达的是英语原文的内容, 即句子或文章的意义, 而不是句子结构;(2) 在翻译过程中, 英语原文的内容要准确而完整地重新表达出来而不是将两种语言结构进行简单的转换因此,在做英译汉的题目时, 汉语所表达的意义应与原文保持一致, 而汉语的句子结构只是为这一表达服务, 而不应拘泥于原文另外, 应付英译汉考试和一般的从事翻译创作不同, 因为各自有不同的衡量标准, 翻译创作的标准为“信达雅”, 而英译汉考试则只要做到“忠实通顺”即可要做到忠实原文,就应该掌握好适度原则, 即要把原文的内容准确完整地表达出来, 既不能改变和歪曲, 也不能增加或删减例如, He is seriously ill. 这本来是一个极为简单的句子, 可将其翻译为“他病得历害”或“他病得很重”, 但有人为了追求译文所谓的“漂亮”, 把它译成“他苟延残喘”, 这就给译文增加了一定的感情色彩, 违背了忠实的原则, 反而得不偿失要做到通顺, 就必须把英语原文翻译成合乎汉语规范的汉语, 译文必须是明白通畅的现代汉语, 即不能逐字逐词的死译, 也不能生吞活剥例如, His addi tion completed the list. 有人将该句翻译成“他的加入结束了名单”或“他的加入完成了名单”, 这样的翻译尽管可以使读者能勉强看懂, 但总使人有别扭之感, 根本不象是地道的汉语, 根本就不符合汉语的表达习惯, 关于上句, 我们不妨把它翻译为“把他添上, 名单(上的人)就全了”, 这样采取灵活的方法, 没有生硬地套用原文的结构, 就使得译文合乎汉语的习惯, 使人容易看懂, 读起来也顺口多了英译汉的过程包括理解, 分析句架表达和校核三个阶段, 理解是表达的前提, 若不能正确地理解原文就谈不上确切的表达, 但理解与表达通常是互相联系, 往返反复的过程, 在进行汉语表达的时候, 又可以进一步加深对原文的理解, 因此, 在英译汉的过程中, 往往需要考生从英语到汉语, 再从汉语到英语反复的推敲一理解理解阶段的目的在于读懂英语原文, 弄清原文的意思为了透彻理解原文, 建议考生在复习和应试时采取下列步骤:(1) 通读全文通读全文的目的在于从整体上把握整篇文章的内容理解划线的部分与文章其他部分之间的语法与逻辑关系在段落中要搞清划线的句子和其他句子之间的关系, 特别要弄清代词it, they, them, this, that, these, those other所指代的词或词组这些词和词组有时在划线的部分就能找到有时则要到前面有关的句子中去找这样的例子在今年的试题中是很多的如: 92年的英译汉考题第一小题的英文为: There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. 在该句子中有the term一词, 那么它指代的是什么呢? 只有通过阅读上下文才能搞清楚, 而有的考生只是单纯地把它翻译为“这一术语”, 但是,在标准答案中, 该词被翻译成“智力”, 因为通过上下文我们很容易地看出它指的是“智力”这一术语再比如在93年的考题中的英译汉部分的第二题的句子为“It is not that scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former. ”在这个句子中 the scales in the one case, the balance in the other, the former, the latter等的含义都是在把握全文的基础之上才能掌握的也只有这样我们才能做出正确的翻译目前市场上的一些复习指导书主张考生不用通读全文我们认为这是很不可取的因为孤立地阅读划线部分的英语往往无法理解该部分的真正含义一篇好的文章, 其前后的意思都互相关联, 具有很强的逻辑性, 一个单词或句子只有在具体的上下文中才能体现出确切的含义来, 这就是为什么我们有时看完一本书或一篇文章之后才对上文中的某个难以理解的地方“恍然大悟”因此,上下文能帮助我们正确的理解划线的部分, 通读全文是很重要的但是, 在通读全文的过程中应该注意对非划线的部分不要花费时间过多对于其中一些不太容易理解的内容也不必太在意只是搞清大体意义即可因为通读全文的目的在于帮助自己理解划线的部分, 只要能把该部分理解透彻也就足够了(2) 分析划线部分的句子结构中国的英语学习者往往具有非常好的英语语法知识在做翻译试题时也应充分发挥和利用这一优势从近年来的研究生入学试题来看划线的部分一般来说结构句子都比较复杂例如, 1994年的第二小题, “In short, a leader of the new school contends, ”the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and the use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.像这样复杂的句子如果不搞清楚它的语法结构, 很难达到正确完整地理解原文的要求在分析划线的部分的句子结构时我们要注意首先把句子的主语谓语和宾语找出来这样句子的骨干结构也就清楚了在分析句子的骨干结构时还应该注意分析句子中成分是否有省略的地方主句和从句之间的关系是否明确等等在此我们再次提醒考生注意正确地把握句子的结构是进行正确地翻译的关键如果连句子结构还没有搞清楚就匆忙地动笔翻译肯定是不会有好的结果的在往届的考生中这样的教训屡见不鲜下面我们以1996年硕士研究生入学考试英语试题的第72题来说明句子结构的分析方法This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.这是一个简单句句子的骨干结构为This trend began during the Second World War, when…, when是一个关系副词在这个句子中引导了一个非限制性定语从句修饰前面的名词the Second World War而在when引导的定语从句中主句是several governments came to the conclusion …, that引导了一个同位语从句做conclusion的同位语在这个同位语从句中主句是the specific demands… cannot generally be foreseen…, that是关系代词引导了一个定语从句修饰前面的名词demands这样通过我们进行详细的分析在搞清楚句子的具体结构之后在动笔翻译也就简单多了也只有划清句架结构我们才能知道如何翻译例如上句中如果我们把when作为状语从句译成“当……时候”就要被扣掉05分如果把demand当成动词也要扣05分(3) 理解分析划线部分的含义考生不仅要弄清句子中所有实词和虚词的词汇意义, 还要理解全句的整体意义理解句子的依据除了句子本身之外, 还有该句子所处的具体的语言环境在此阶段应清楚下列问题: A. 句子中是否含有代词和其他具有指代意义的词, 如果有, 应根据上下文确定它们指代的内容是什么; B. 句子中的短语和一些常用的词往往具有多种含义和用法, 那么, 在该句中它们的具体含义是什么; C. 按照你的理解, 该部分的意义是否与全篇文章的内容一致, 有无相互矛盾总之, 在动手翻译之前, 首先要读懂原文, 不要一上来就急于动手翻译, 这样做往往会出现一种情况: 该题快要翻译完了, 猛然又发现自己理解有误,马上就急忙修改, 搞的卷面上一塌糊涂, 而且很容易忙中出错, 把本应拿到的分数丢掉了, 这是非常令人可惜的例如某年的英译汉试题中有这样一句要求翻译的句子: The capacity to use a raw material depends on various factors, such as means of access, methods of extraction, and techniques of processing. 一位考生把它翻译成“使用原料的能力取决于各种各样的因素, 例如,接近的方法, 提取的方法和加工技术”很显然, 这为考生并未完全理解这句话的意思, 原文列出的三个因素, 是指获得某种原材料的三个过程, 即探矿开采和冶炼, 因此, ”means of access”, “methods of extraction”和“techniques of processing”应该分别译为“钻探手段”“开采方法”和“冶炼技术”, 那么, 整个句子就可翻译为“利用一种原材料能力的大小取决于各种各样的因素, 比如,钻探手段开采方法和冶炼技术”二表达表达就是译者把自己从英语原文理解的内容用汉语表达出来, 表达的好坏取决与译者对于英语原文的理解程度以及汉语的修养水平理解是表达的基础表达是理解的结果但是理解正确并不意味着一定会有正确的表达许多考生反映有时对原文理解之后还不知如何用汉语表达就充分说明了这一点因为在表达上还存在许多具体的方法和技巧关于这些方法和技巧我们将在后面详细论述, 在此我们只是介绍两中基本的翻译方法: 直译和意译(1) 直译所谓直译, 就是在译文语言条件许可时, 在译文中既保持原文的内容, 又保持原文的形式在汉语和英语两种语言中存在着许多共同之处在对于许多英语句子的翻译过程中, 完全可以采取直译的方法, 这样可以获得一举两得之功效, 既保持了原文的结构, 又正确表达了原文的内容但是直译不是死译和硬译,象“It is asserted that …;It is believed that …”这一类的结构, 如果直译过来那就不伦不类了(2) 意译汉语和英语分别属于不同的语系, 两者在词汇句法结构和表达方法上具有很多的差异当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不易采用直译的方法处理时, 就应采用意译法, 意译就是不拘泥于原文的形式, 重点在于正确表达原文的内容例如:“Do you see any green in my eye?”象这样的句子, 只能采取意译的方法, 把它翻译为“你以为我是好欺骗的吗?”当然, 意译并不等于乱译,胡乱地翻译是不符合“忠实”的翻译标准的在具体的翻译过程中, 我们应该采取灵活的方法, 不论是直译还是意译, 只要是符合“忠实通顺”的翻译原则, 都是可取的在这里我们建议考生对结构比较复杂的句子可以先采取直译的方法然后再对直译得出得结果进行加工润色在保持原来句子意义的基础上根据汉语的表达习惯用既符合原文的意义又符合汉语表达习惯的句子表达出来例如我们在上面分析的1996年考题中的第72题我们可以首先直译为这种趋势开始于第二次世界大战当时一些政府得出这样的结论政府希望对科研部门所提出的特定的要求总的来说还不能非常具体的预见到然后我们对上述译文进行加工润色就可以得出下面的结果这种趋势始于第二次世界大战当时一些国家的政府得出结论政府向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法预见的在翻译的过程中, 我们务必注意以下几点:(1) 理解透彻之后再动手表达, 否则表达的结果会令人莫名其妙;(2) 切忌在翻译时把汉语和英语对号入座, 逐字逐句的对号入座的结果往往是不伦不类;(3) 切忌擅自增减词意, 增减意义与翻译技巧中经常提到的增词法与减词法根本就不是一回事三校核校核阶段是理解与表达的进一步深化, 是对原文内容进一步核实以及对译文语言进一步推敲的阶段, 因此, 校核是翻译过程中一个很重要的阶段, 并不是可有可无的, 通过表达之后的校核, 我们可以发现译文的一些问题, 确保自己理解的内容很有把握地得到分数在校核阶段, 一般应注意与下列各项有关的问题:(1) 人名地名日期方位和数字等;(2) 汉语译文的词与句有无错漏;(3)修改译文中译错或表达不够准确的句子词组或词汇;(4) 有无错别字;(5) 标点符号是否有误英译汉——抽象名词的译法所谓抽象名词是指那些表达抽象概念的名词, 例如, appropriateness, flexibility, quietude等等,抽象名词的翻译是一个我们在复习应考时值得注意的问题, 因为在近年来的英译汉试题中划线部分有大量的抽象名词出现, 而且,这些抽象名词翻译的好坏直接影响着翻译的成败, 影响着考生的得分抽象名词的翻译是一个非常复杂的问题, 需要根据上下文来具体地确定这些抽象名词的汉语表达, 很难总结出一些条条框框, 供翻译时使用但是, 我们应该遵循一个基本的原则, 即把抽象意义具体化, 把抽象名词转化为具体名词或含有具体特指性的词下面我们结合一些实例加以说明:例1. If one considers the enormous variety of courses offered, it is not hard to see how difficult it is for a student to select the course most suited to his interests and abilities. (86年考题)在该句中共有三个抽象名词, 它们是: variety, interests和abilities, 其中后两个interests和abilities的含义非常浅显, 可以很容易地把它们分别翻译为“兴趣”和“能力”, 但对于variety一词, 却就不那么简单, 我们必须把它所表达的含义具体化, 把它转化成一个形容词, 再和它的修饰词enormous一起, 翻译成“门类繁多的”这一形容词结构, 那么该句的译文就成了:如果想一想为学生所设置的那些门类繁多的课程, 我们不难发现, 学生要选一门符合自己兴趣和能力的课程是多么困难例2. For example, great efforts are made by the American tobacco industry to sell cigarettes in the Middle East and North Africa where U.S. tobacco exports increased by more than 27 percent in 1974. (82年考题)在该句中, 最难处理的词汇之一就是effort一词, 若把great efforts直译为“巨大的努力”, 所得出的最好结果为“例如, 美国烟草工业为在中东和北非推销香烟做出了很大的努力……”例6. Classification always requires the arrangement of the same kind of information , often in its lists or column. For this work, correctness, accuracy and speed as in all office work, are essential. 分类工作始终需要将同样的资料加以整理 , 往往是将它们列成表格和专栏对这种工作来说, 像所有的办公室工作一样, 正确性, 准确性和速度是必不可少的例7. And there is also the objection that the city has always been the core from which cultural advancement radiated.同时也有人反对说 , 文化的进步始终是以城市为中心向外传播的例8. Can we anticipate a day when secretaries will be an even mix of men and women -or when the mention of a male nurse will no longer raise eyebrows ? (88年考题)我们是否能预见到这一天那时秘书的男女各占一半或有人提到某个男人当护士时人们不会感到吃惊例9. To scientists, the experience of studying samples obtained from below the ocean floor is like in the library of a lost civilization.在科学家看来对从海底得到的样品进行研究就像在失传文明的图书馆里进行研究一样例10. That complex operation required new methods for directing the combined endeavors of这样处理虽然也能讲得通, 但给人一冗长累赘之感, 如果把great efforts转译为动词“力图”,译文就通顺多了, 另外, 在该句的后半部分, 还有exports一词, 在翻译时也应该把它具体化,翻译成“出口量”, 因此答案为“例如, 美国烟草工业就力图在中东和北非推销香烟, 在这些地区, 美国烟草的出口量在1974年增加了27%以上”例3. To criticize an intelligence test for such failure (it does not measure character, social adjustment…) is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity. (92年考题“failure”一词的处理在该句的翻译中极为关键, 若直接翻译为“失败”显然是不合适的, 最好的办法就是结合上下文使它的意义具体化, 把such failure翻译成“不反映上述情况”, 因此答案为: “批评智力测试不反映上述情况, 就犹如批评温度计不测风速一样”以上我们通过三个实例简要说明了抽象名词的处理方法, 下面我们再列举一些句子及其汉语翻译, 以便于从中体会并能掌握一些抽象名词的翻译方法:例4. Therefore, although technical advances in food production will perhaps be needed to ensurefood availability , meeting food needs will depend much more on equalizing economic power among various segments of the populations within the developing countries.因此, 尽管也许需要粮食生产和加工方面的技术进步来确保粮食的来源 , 满足粮食需求更多的是取决于使发展中国家内部的人口各阶层都具有同等的经济实力例5. There is only one area of agreement in this debate that the existing poverty, employment, andearnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications , measuring the consequences of labor market problem.在这场辩论中, 只有一个方面能取得一致意见 , 即现有的关于贫困状况, 就业状况以及工资收入状况的统计数字在估量劳务市场的问题所带来的后果这项主要的实际应用中不能充分说明问题行动thousands and thousands of minds , some in government, some in universities, and some in privateindustry ( all working together for a common purpose.那个复杂的要求用新的方法指导成千上万的人——有人在政府工作有人在大学工作有人在私营工业部门工作——为了一个共同的目标而做出努力英译汉——被动语态的译法英语中被动语态的使用范围极为广泛, 尤其是在科技英语中, 被动语态几乎随处可见,凡是在不必不愿说出或不知道主动者的情况下均可使用被动语态, 因此, 掌握被动语态的翻译方法, 对于硕士研究生入学考试的复习与应考是极为重要的, 因为在硕士研究生入学考试中英译汉文章的内容多以科普文章为主在汉语中, 也有被动语态, 通常通过“把”或“被”等词体现出来, 但它的使用范围远远小于英语中被动语态的使用范围, 因此英语中的被动语态在很多情况下都翻译成主动结构对于英语原文的被动结构, 我们一般采取下列的方法:1. 翻译成汉语的主动句英语原文的被动结构翻译成汉语的主动结构又可以进一步分为几种不同的情况(1) 英语原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语在采用此方法时, 我们往往在译文中使用了“加以”, “经过”, “用……来”等词来体现原文中的被动含义例如:例1.Other questions will be discussed briefly. 其他问题将简单地加以讨论例2.In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us. 换言之, 矿物就是存在于地球上, 但须经过挖掘钻孔人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质例3.Nuclear power's danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation. 核能对健康安全, 甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用一个词—辐射来概括(2) 将英语原文中的主语翻译为宾语, 同时增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语例如: 例1.It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real. 可能有人会指出, 无线电广播同样也能做到这一点, 但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动真实得多例2.Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining. (85年考题) 人们常说, 电视使人了解时事, 熟悉政治领域的最新发展变化, 并能源源不断地为观众提供各种既有教育意义又有趣的节目例3.It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality. 人们普遍认为孩子们的早年经历在很大程度上决定了他们的性格及其未来的人品另外, 下列的结构也可以通过这一手段翻译:It is asserted that …有人主张……It is believed that …有人认为……It is generally considered that …大家(一般人)认为It is well known that …大家知道(众所周知)……It will be said …有人会说……It was told that …有人曾经说……(3) 将英语原文中的by, in, for等做状语的介词短语翻译成译文的主语, 在此情况下, 英语原文中的主语一般被翻译成宾语例如:例1.A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor. 原子反应堆需要一种合适的燃料例2.By the end of the war, 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of 200 Belgian and French lives. 大战结束时, 这个组织拯救了八百人, 但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的例3.And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. (93年考题) 许多人认为, 普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比, 而且认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门的训练才能掌握(4) 翻译成汉语的无主句例如:例1.Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit. 应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人吸烟的危害, 特别是吸上烟瘾后的可怕后果(82年考题)例2.By this procedure, different honeys have been found to vary widely in the sensitivity of their inhibit to heat. 通过这种方法分析发现不同种类的蜂蜜的抗菌活动对热的敏感程度也极为不同例4.Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century, the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft.在我们这个世纪内研制了许多新奇的交通工具, 其中最奇特的也许就是气垫船了例5.New source of energy must be found, and this will take time….必须找到新的能源这需要时间……(91年考题)另外, 下列结构也可以通过这一手段翻译:It is hoped that …希望……It is reported that …据报道……It is said that …据说……It is supposed that …据推测……It may be said without fear of exaggeration that …可以毫不夸张地说……It must be admitted that …必须承认……It must be pointed out that …必须指出……It will be seen from this that …由此可见……(5) 翻译成带表语的主动句例如:例1.The decision to attack was not taken lightly.进攻的决定不是轻易作出的例2.On the whole such an conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed. (92年考题)总的来说, 得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的, 但必须具备两个条件: 能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的另一个孩子的态度相同; 他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分(注意上述翻译技巧在该句翻译中的综合运用)2. 译成汉语的被动语态英语中的许多被动句可以翻译成汉语的被动句常用“被”, “给”,“遭”, “挨”, “为……所”, “使”, “由…”, “受到”等表示例如:例1.Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature, not by Man.地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人类引燃的例2.These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in outer space.这些讯号是由外层空间的星球碰撞或者核反应所造成的例3.Natural light or “white” light is actually made up of many colours.自然光或者“白光”实际上是由许多种颜色组成的例4.The behaviour of a fluid flowing through a pipe is affected by a number of factors, including the viscosity of the fluid and the speed at which it is pumped.流体在管道中流动的情况, 受到诸如流体粘度泵送速度等各种因素的影响例5.They may have been a source of part of the atmosphere of the terrestrial planets, and they are believed to have been the planetesimal-like building blocks for some of the outer planets and theirsatellites.它们可能一直是地球行星的一部分大气的来源它们还被认为是构成外部行星以及其卫星的一种类似微星的基础材料例6.Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. (95年考题)工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了例7.Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. (95年考题)政府是以减少技术的经费投入来增加纯理论科学的经费投入, 还是相反, 这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量例8.The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will。

MBA、MPA考研英语学习资料之翻译

讲师：余思雅翻译题型考查——考试大纲第三部分翻译考查考生所理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。

要求译文准确、完整、通顺。

要求考生阅读、理解长度为150词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语。

共15分。

题型考查（与英语（一）比较）•大纲：英语（一）大纲：“要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个画线的句子（约150词）译成汉语，以考查考生准确理解结构较复杂的英语文字材料的能力”。

•难度：英语（一）要求翻译的5个句子往往是整篇文章中最长、最难或最复杂的句子，并且题材往往涉及专业性很强的科普性文章；英语（二）是短文翻译，短文中有难句亦有简单句，并且题材相对大众化、贴近生活实践。

•分值：英语（一）分值是10%，英语（二）分值是15%。

评分标准——翻译第四档（13-15分）很好地完成了试题规定的任务。

理解准确无误，表达通顺清楚，没有错译、漏译。

第三档（9-12分）基本完成了试题规定的任务。

理解基本准确，表达比较通顺，没有重大错译、漏译。

第二档（5-8分）未能按要求完成试题规定的任务。

理解原文不够准确，表达欠通顺，有明显错译、漏译。

第一档（0-4分）未完成试题规定的任务。

不能理解原文，表达不通顺、文字支离破碎。

本题目总分15分，评分内容分三部分：1.句子基本意思。

2.关键词。

3.总体印象。

（通常为2分，由卷面整洁、基本达意、表述流畅、文字优美四项构成，每项0,5分）卷面真题中的分布序号年份主题长度12010年Ning 对生活承受力的理解149词/10句22011年IT行业的温室气体排放152词/7句32012年发展中国家的人才流失151词/6句42013年一个超强记忆力者的自白156词/9句52014年如何看待并做到乐观147词/10句62015年熟路效应156词/10句72016年超市设计的目的及原理146词/7句82017年理想之路的由来153词/7句92018年Bill Gates 的阅读习惯139词/9句翻译技巧词法句法全篇翻译技巧——词（1. 猜“生词”）1.猜“生词”构词法语境分析Just as crops are harvested，wildlife too must sometimes be“harvested”. By allowing limited hunting, good management can control species that threaten to overpopulate their habitat.【译文】______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Globalization is not just about increasing the worldwide circulation of information and ideas. Economically speaking，it entails transnationalinvestment and international trade，thereby integrating all countries into a single giant world market.【译文】__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻译技巧——词（1. 猜“生词”）2.词性转译名词转译成动词（最常见）①由动词派生的名词转译成动词There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling.【译文】___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻译技巧——词（2. 词性转译）②含有动作意味的名词往往可以转译成动词。

MBA联考英语考试英译汉模拟练习61-80

MBA英语考试英译汉模拟试题13[1] A little more than a century ago, Michael Faraday, the noted British physicist, managed to gain audience with a group of high government officials, to demonstrate an electro-chemical principle, in the hope of gaining support for his work.[2] After observing the demonstrations closely, one of theofficials remarked bluntly, “It's a fascinating demonstration, young man, but just what practical application will come of this?”“I don't know,” replied Faraday, “but I do know that 100y ears from now you’ll be taxing them.” [51A][3] From the demonstration of a principle to the marketing of products derived from that principle is often a long, involved series of steps. The speed and effectiveness with which these steps are taken are closely related to the history of management, the art of getting things done. [4] Just as management applies to the wonders that have evolved from Faraday and other inventors, so it applied some 4 000 years ago to the workings of the great Egyptian and Mesopotamian import and export firms ... to Hannibal’s remarkable feat of crossing the Alps in 218 B.C. with 90 000 foot soldiers, 12 000 horsemen and a "conveyor belt" of 40 elephants ... or to the early Christian Church, with its world-shaking concepts of individual freedom and equality.[5] These ancient innovators were deeply involved in the problemsof authority, division of labor, discipline, unity of command, clarityof direction and the other basic factors that are so meaningful to management today. But the real impetus to management as an emergingprofession was the Industrial Revolution. Originating in 18-century England, it was triggered by a series of classic inventions and new processes, among them John Kay's Flying Shuttle in 1733, James Hargreaves' Spinning Jenny in 1770, Samuel Crompton' s Mule Spinner in 1779 and Edmund Cartwright's Power Loom in 1785.上海泰琪MBA英语考试英译汉模拟试题14[1] By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavior, of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. [2]The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity (遗传). When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its instincts. Thus the "ant-lion" whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen (腹部), goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavors, with the utmost exertions to bore into it. [3] It knows no other mode of flight, or “if such a lonely animal isengaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions (as useless as cultivating an unsown field) or dies in helpless inactivity”.[4] Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion (堡垒) of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil.Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts. Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the end perhaps even in man.[5] Habits, instead of being born ready-made (when they are called instincts and not habits at all) were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of infancy in which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were molded to suit surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm.This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes less and environment more important. But this is hardly thetruth and certainly not the whole truth. For although fixed automatic responses like those of the insect-like creatures are no longer inherited, although selection for purification of that sort is no longer going on, yet selection for educability is very definitely still of importance. The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations. Besides, since a mechanism-is now, for the first time, created by which the individual (in contradiction to the species) can be fitted to the environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important. And finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver (海狸), and preeminently (卓越地) by man. Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but always supplementary factors.上海泰琪MBA英语考试英译汉模拟试题15[1] One of the saddest things about the period in which we live is the growing estrangement (疏远) between America and Europe. This may bea surprising discovery to those who are overimpressed by the speed with which turbojets can hop from New York to Paris. But to anyone who is aware of what America once meant to English libertarian poets and philosophers, to the young Ibsen bitterly excoriating (痛斥)European royalty for the murder of Lincoln, to Italian novelists and poets translating the nineteenth century American classics as a demonstration against Fascism, there is something particularly disquieting in the way that the European Left, historically "pro-American" because itidentified America with expansive democracy, now punishes America with Europe's lack of hope in the future.[2] Although America has obviously not fulfilled the visionary hope entertained for it in the romantic heyday, Americans have, until recently, thought of themselves as an idea, a "proposition" (inLincoln's word) set up for the enlightenment and the improvement of mankind. Officially, we live by our original principles; we insist onthis boastfully and even inhumanly. [3] And it is precisely this steadfastness to principle that irks (使苦恼,使厌倦) Europeans who under so many pressures have had to shift and to change, to compromise and to retreat.Historically, the obstinacy of America's faith in "principles" has been staggering-the sacrament (神圣) of the Constitution, the legacy of the Founding Fathers, the moral rightness of all our policies, the invincibility of our faith in the equality and perfectibility of man. [4]From the European point of view, there is something impossibly romantic, visionary, and finally outrageous about an attachment to political formulas that arose even before a European revolutionary democracy was born of the French Revolution, and that have survived all the socialist utopias and internationals. [5] Americans honestly insist on theequality of men even when they deny this equality in practice; they hold fast to romantic doctrines of perfectibility even when such doctrines contradict their actual or their formal faith-whether it be asscientists or as orthodox Christians.It is a fact that while Americans as a people are notoriously empirical, pragmatic, and unintellectual, they live their lives against a background of unalterable national shibboleths (陈旧的语句). The same abundance of theory that allowed Wait Whitman to fill out his poetry with philosophical road signs of American optimism allows a president to make pious references to God as an American tradition-references which, despite their somewhat mechanical quality, are not only sincere but which, to most Americans, express the reality of America.上海泰琪MBA英语考试英译汉模拟试题16The truly incompetent may never know the depths of their own incompetence, a pair of social psychologists said on Thursday."We found again and again that people who perform poorly relativeto their peers (同等人) tended to think that they did rather well," Justin Kruger, co-author of a study on the subject, said in a telephone interview.[1] Kruger and co-author David Dunning found that when it came to a variety ofskills-logical reasoning, grammar, even sense of humor-people who essentially were inept (无能的;愚蠢的) never realized it, while those who had some ability were self-critical.[2] It had little to do with innate modesty, Kruger said, butrather with a central paradox: Incompetents lack the basic skills to evaluate their performance realistically. Once they get those skills, they know where they stand, even if that is at the bottom.[3] Americans and Western Europeans especially had anunrealistically sunny assessment oftheir own capabilities, Dunning said by telephone in a separate interview, while Japanese and Koreans tended to give a reasonable assessment of their performance. In certain areas, such as athletic performance, which can be easily quantified, there is less self-delusion (欺骗), the researchers said. But even in some cases in which thefailure should seem obvious, the perpetrator is blithely (愉快地;快活地) unaware of the problem.[4] This was especially true in the area of logical reasoning, where research subjects + students at Cornell University, where the two researchers were based + often rated themselves highly even when they flubbed (搞得一团糟) all questions in a reasoning test.Later, when the students were instructed in logical reasoning, they scored better on a test but rated themselves lower, having learned what constituted competence in this area.Grammar was another area in which objective knowledge was helpfulin determining competence, but the more subjective area of humor posed different challenges, the researchers said.[5] Participants were asked to rate how funny certain jokes were, and compare their responses with what an expert panel of comedians thought. On average, participants overestimated their sense of humor by about 16 percentage points.This might be thought of as the "above-average effect", the notion that most Americans would rate themselves as above average, astatistical impossibility.The researchers also conducted pilot studies of doctors and gun enthusiasts. The doctors overestimated how well they had performed on a test of medical diagnoses and the gun fanciers thought they knew more than they actually did about gun safety.So who should be trusted: The person who admits incompetence or the one who shows confidence? Neither, according to Dunning."You can't take them at their word. You've got to take a look at their performance," Dunning added.。

全国管理类联考mba英语

D）stress will weaken the bodys defense against germs
4 In the experiment described in Paragraph 3,the video－watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody because ________.
In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses,those who facedconsiderablework demands butcoped withthe challengewere more likely tosay they were in good health than those who felt they could not get the job done.
C）short bursts of stress hormones enhance memory function
D）a persons memory improves with continued experience of stress
注释
1 选A 文章首段是主旨段，其中首句指出“人们不应该试图躲避压力，就像人们不会躲避食物，爱情和运动一样”暗示压力并非坏事：第二句进一步点明主旨：challenging situations in which youre able to rise to the occasion can be good for you。（你能够应付自如的挑战性环境对你有利），rise to the occasion （应付自如）等同于manageable
5Dr.Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University believes that ________

mba联考英语考试英译汉模拟练习 (1)

上海泰琪MBA英语考试英译汉模拟试题13[1] A little more than a century ago, Michael Faraday, the noted British physicist, managed to gain audience with a group of high government officials, to demonstrate an electro-chemical principle, in the hope of gaining support for his work.[2] After observing the demonstrations closely, one of the officials remarked bluntly, “It's a fascinating demonstration, young man, but just what practical application will come of this?”“I don't know,” replied Faraday, “but I do know that 100years from now you’ll be taxing them.” [51A][3] From the demonstration of a principle to the marketing of products derived from that principle is often a long, involved series of steps. The speed and effectiveness with which these steps are taken are closely related to the history of management, the art of getting things done. [4] Just as management applies to the wonders that have evolved from Faraday and other inventors, so it applied some 4 000 years ago to the workings of the great Egyptian and Mesopotamian import and export firms ... to Hannibal’s remarkable feat of crossing the Alps in 218 B.C. with 90 000 foot soldiers, 12 000 horsemen and a "conveyor belt" of 40 elephants ... or to the early Christian Church, with its world-shaking concepts of individual freedom and equality.[5] These ancient innovators were deeply involved in the problems of authority, division of labor, discipline, unity of command, clarity of direction and the other basic factors that are so meaningful to management today. But the real impetus to management as an emerging profession was the Industrial Revolution. Originating in 18-century England, it was triggered by a series of classic inventions and new processes, among them John Kay's Flying Shuttle in 1733, James Hargreaves' Spinning Jenny in 1770, Samuel Crompton' s Mule Spinner in 1779 and Edmund Cartwright's Power Loom in 1785.上海泰琪MBA英语考试英译汉模拟试题14[1] By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavior, of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. [2]The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity （遗传）. When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its instincts. Thus the "ant-lion" whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen (腹部), goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavors, with the utmost exertions to bore into it. [3] It knows no other mode of flight, or “if such a lonely animal isengaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions (as useless as cultivating an unsown field) or dies in helpless inactivity”.[4] Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion (堡垒) of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil.Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts. Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the end perhaps even in man. [5] Habits, instead of being born ready-made (when they are called instincts and not habits at all) were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of infancy in which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were molded to suit surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm.This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes less and environment more important. But this is hardly the truth and certainly not the whole truth. For although fixed automatic responses like those of the insect-like creatures are no longer inherited, although selection for purification of that sort is no longer going on, yet selection for educability is very definitely still of importance. The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations. Besides, since a mechanism－is now, for the first time, created by which the individual (in contradiction to the species) can be fitted to the environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important. And finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver (海狸), and preeminently (卓越地) by man. Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but always supplementary factors.上海泰琪MBA英语考试英译汉模拟试题15[1] One of the saddest things about the period in which we live is the growing estrangement (疏远) between America and Europe. This may be a surprising discovery to those who are overimpressed by the speed with which turbojets can hop from New York to Paris. But to anyone who is aware of what America once meant to English libertarian poets and philosophers, to the young Ibsen bitterly excoriating (痛斥)European royalty for the murder of Lincoln, to Italian novelists and poets translating the nineteenth century American classics as a demonstration against Fascism, there is something particularly disquieting in the way that the European Left, historically "pro-American" because it identified America with expansive democracy, now punishes America with Europe's lack of hope in the future.[2] Although America has obviously not fulfilled the visionary hope entertained for it in the romantic heyday, Americans have, until recently, thought of themselves as an idea, a "proposition" (in Lincoln's word) set up for the enlightenment and the improvement of mankind. Officially, we live by our original principles; we insist on this boastfully and even inhumanly. [3] And it is precisely this steadfastness to principle that irks (使苦恼，使厌倦) Europeans who under so many pressures have had to shift and to change, to compromise and to retreat.Historically, the obstinacy of America's faith in "principles" has been staggering－the sacrament (神圣) of the Constitution, the legacy of the Founding Fathers, the moral rightness of all our policies, the invincibility of our faith in the equality and perfectibility of man. [4] From the European point of view, there is something impossibly romantic, visionary, and finally outrageous about an attachment to political formulas that arose even before a European revolutionary democracy was born of the French Revolution, and that have survived all the socialist utopias and internationals. [5] Americans honestly insist on the equality of men even when they deny this equality in practice; they hold fast to romantic doctrines of perfectibility even when such doctrines contradict their actual or their formal faith－whether it be as scientists or as orthodox Christians.It is a fact that while Americans as a people are notoriously empirical, pragmatic, and unintellectual, they live their lives against a background of unalterable national shibboleths (陈旧的语句). The same abundance of theory that allowed Wait Whitman to fill out his poetry with philosophical road signs of American optimism allows a president to make pious references to God as an American tradition－references which, despite their somewhat mechanical quality, are not only sincere but which, to most Americans, express the reality of America.上海泰琪MBA英语考试英译汉模拟试题16The truly incompetent may never know the depths of their own incompetence, a pair of social psychologists said on Thursday."We found again and again that people who perform poorly relative to their peers (同等人) tended to think that they did rather well," Justin Kruger, co-author of a study on the subject, said in a telephone interview.[1] Kruger and co-author David Dunning found that when it came to a variety ofskills-logical reasoning, grammar, even sense of humor-people who essentially were inept (无能的；愚蠢的) never realized it, while those who had some ability were self-critical.[2] It had little to do with innate modesty, Kruger said, but rather with a central paradox: Incompetents lack the basic skills to evaluate their performance realistically. Once they get those skills, they know where they stand, even if that is at the bottom.[3] Americans and Western Europeans especially had an unrealistically sunny assessment oftheir own capabilities, Dunning said by telephone in a separate interview, while Japanese and Koreans tended to give a reasonable assessment of their performance. In certain areas, such as athletic performance, which can be easily quantified, there is less self-delusion (欺骗), the researchers said. But even in some cases in which the failure should seem obvious, the perpetrator is blithely （愉快地；快活地) unaware of the problem.[4] This was especially true in the area of logical reasoning, where research subjects + students at Cornell University, where the two researchers were based + often rated themselves highly even when they flubbed (搞得一团糟) all questions in a reasoning test.Later, when the students were instructed in logical reasoning, they scored better on a test but rated themselves lower, having learned what constituted competence in this area.Grammar was another area in which objective knowledge was helpful in determining competence, but the more subjective area of humor posed different challenges, the researchers said.[5] Participants were asked to rate how funny certain jokes were, and compare their responses with what an expert panel of comedians thought. On average, participants overestimated their sense of humor by about 16 percentage points.This might be thought of as the "above-average effect", the notion that most Americans would rate themselves as above average, a statistical impossibility.The researchers also conducted pilot studies of doctors and gun enthusiasts. The doctors overestimated how well they had performed on a test of medical diagnoses and the gun fanciers thought they knew more than they actually did about gun safety.So who should be trusted: The person who admits incompetence or the one who shows confidence? Neither, according to Dunning."You can't take them at their word. You've got to take a look at their performance," Dunning added.。

MBA(英语)翻译练习试卷26(题后含答案及解析)

MBA（英语）翻译练习试卷26(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 4. TranslationSection IV TranslationDirections: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the passage into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.1．我们发现他是一位很有能力、很负责的工作人员。

我们和他的关系非常和谐。

正确答案：We have found him a most capable and responsible worker and our relations with him have been entirely cordial．涉及知识点：汉译英2．他的工作是完全令人满意的。

我们的关系一向是非常真诚的。

在任何的意义上来说，他是绝对忠实的，是一位辛勤劳动者和有才智的人。

正确答案：His work was perfectly satisfactory and our relations were always most cordial．He is strictly honest，a hard worker and art intelligent man in the best sense of the world．涉及知识点：汉译英3．她有作为一位十全十美的秘书的品质。

她工作效率高而谨慎/无论工作多么困难，需要多少时间，从不拖延。

正确答案：She has all the qualities of a perfect secretary．She is efficient and discreet/has never left a job undone，regardless of how difficult or time-consuming it may be．涉及知识点：汉译英4．在本公司服务期间，他的工作表现相当出色。

MBA英语翻译真题和答案_5

MBA英语翻译真题和答案2001年翻译PART ⅣTranslation (15%)Directions:.In this part there is a passage in English.Translate the five sentences underlined into Chinese and write your translation on the Answer Sheet . .(56)The types of daydreams, whether they are pleasant and hopeful or filled with despair take shape in childhood when everyone develops one of three basic daydreaming styles: positive, negative and scattered, American Health reports. Although everyone lapses occasionally into each of these types, positive daydreamers are more likely to imagine happy, playful or entertaining of these types, positive daydreamers are more likely to imagine happy, playful or entertaining scenarios. (57)Negative daydreamers tend to dwell on life’s darker side, imagining dangerous and/or life threatening situations, such as theappearance of a fatal or weakening disease or becoming a victim of violence. Scattered day dreamers are easily bored and distracted. “Their mental images tend to be fleeting, repetitive and shallow, like variations on the same fairy tales, “explains Yale psychologist Ron Tower.(58)While all three types are common, positive imaginations are likeliest to serve as springboards(跳板)for problem solving, while negative and scattered daydreams may leave a person feeling anxious. Negative daydreamers are waiting for the other shoe “to fall”. Their imaginations are often guilty ridden or obsessive.There are times when drifting away can cause problems, according to Blodin. “If daydreaming gets in the way of daily function because the person is doing it all day, the person won’t be very productive,” she says. “The amount of time and the frequency that a person daydreams is what’s important. It should not take up all of your time. (59)If people find their daydreaming is becoming excessive( 过多的)，they should take a realistic look at what’s going on in theirlife and ask themselves what they are trying to avoid. Then they can assess what steps they need to take to cor rect the situation.”(Anyone who has a hard time discriminating between reality and imagination or starts replacing real life family and friends with imagined people should seek professional help.)(60)Professor Singer sums up the advantages of daydream s to the average person: “by sitting quietly and letting your daydreams emerge instead of squelching(抑制)them, you may find there are parts of yourself you haven’t been listening to. Instead of fearing them, you’ll gain access to tremendous range of interes ting, creative ideas.”(56)《美国健康》杂志报道说：人们的白日梦类型，不管是令人愉快、充满希望的，还是令人绝望的，在童年时代就已形成，那时候每个人就形成了三种基本白日梦类型中的一种，即积极型的、消极型的或支离破碎型的。

MBA英语翻译真题和答案_1

MBA英语翻译真题和答案2005年翻译Section IV TranslationDirections: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five sentences underlined into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)People in business can use foresight to identify new products and services, as well as markets for those products and services. An increase in minority populations in a neighborhood would prompt a grocer with foresight to stock more foods linked to ethnic tastes. (56) An art museum director with foresight might follow trends in computer graphics to make exhibits more appealing to younger visitors.Foresight may reveal potential threats that we can prepare to deal with before they become crises. (57) For instance, a capable corporate manager might see an alarming rise in local housing prices that could affectthe availability of skilled workers in the region.The public’s changing values and priorities, as well as emerging technologies, demographic shifts, as well as emerging technologies, demographic shifts, economic constraints (or opportunities), and environmental and resource concerns are all parts of the increasingly complex world system in which leaders must lead.(58) People in government also need foresight to keep systems running smoothly, to plan budgets, and to prevent wars. Government leaders today must deal with a host of mew problems emerging rapid advances in technology.Even at the community level, foresight is critical: school officials, for example, need foresight to assess numbers of students to accommodate, numbers of teachers to hire, new educational technologies to deploy, and new skills for students (and their teachers) to develop.(59) many of the best-known techniques for foresight were developed by government planers, especially in the military, “thinking about theunthinkable”. Pioneering futurists at the RAND corporation (the first “think tank”) began seriously considering what new technologies might emerge in the future and how these might affect U.S security. These pioneering futurists at RAND, along with others elsewhere, refined a variety of new ways for thinking about the future.(60) The futurists recognized that the future world is continuous with the present world, so we can learn a great deal about what about what may happen in the future by looking systematically at what is happening now.(56) 具有远见的艺术博物馆馆长可能会紧跟/顺应电脑图形图像的流行趋势，使展品对较年轻的参观者更具吸引力。