Technical Report on Cloud Computing
技术概述英语
技术概述英语Technical Overview: Cloud ComputingCloud computing is a revolutionary technology that enables the delivery of computing resources, including servers, storage, databases, and applications, over the internet. It provides on-demand access to these resources, allowing users to scale up or down as needed, without the need for large upfront investments in infrastructure.The main benefits of cloud computing include cost savings, flexibility, and scalability. Businesses can avoid the high costs of purchasing and maintaining their own IT infrastructure, and instead pay for only the resources they use. Additionally, cloud providers offer high availability and disaster recovery options, ensuring that applications and data are always accessible.Cloud computing also offers seamless collaboration and data sharing capabilities, enabling teams to work remotely and access resources from anywhere with an internet connection. This increases productivity and facilitates real-time collaboration.Security is a top concern in cloud computing. Cloud providers employ robust security measures to protect data, including encryption, access controls, and regular backups. However, it is still essential for users toimplement best practices to ensure the security of their data in the cloud.In conclusion, cloud computing has transformed the way businesses and individuals consume and manage IT resources. It offers a scalable, flexible, and cost-effective solution that enables organizations to focus on their core competencies while leaving the management of infrastructure to the experts.。
云计算 Cloud Computing 外国学生英语作文
Cloud Computing>Cloud Computing Essay: In today’s scientifically advanced and all IT dominated era, cloud computing is the term du jour. Cloud computing is computing in which large groups of remote servers are networked to allow the centralised data storage, and online access to computer services or resources. Clouds can be classified as public, private or hybrid.Long and Short Essays on Cloud Computing for Kids and Students in EnglishGiven below are two essays in English for students and children about the topic of ‘Cloud Computing’ in both long and short form. The first essay is a long essay on Cloud Computing of 400-500 words. This long essay about Cloud Computing is suitable for students of class 7, 8, 9 and 10, and also for competitive exam aspirants. The second essay is a short essay on Cloud Computing of 150-200 words. These are suitable for students and children in class 6 and below.Long Essay on Cloud Computing 500 Words in EnglishBelow we have given a long essay on Cloud Computing of 500 words is helpful for classes 7, 8, 9 and 10 and Competitive Exam Aspirants. This long essay on the topic is suitable for students of class 7 to class 10, and also for competitive exam aspirants.As a metaphor for the Internet, ‘the cloud’ is a familiar cliche, but when combined with ‘computing,’ the meaning gets bigger and fuzzier. Cloud computing encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-use service that, in real time over the Internet, extends IT’s existing capabilities. In a cloud computingsystem, there’s a significant workload shift. Local computers no longer have to do all the heavy lifting when it comes to running applications. The network of computers that make up the cloud handles them instead. Hardware and software demands on the user’s side decrease. The only thing the user’s computer needs to be able to run is the cloud computing system’s interface software, which can be as simple as a Web browser, and the cloud’s network takes care of the rest.Cloud computing is typically defined as a type of computing that relies on sharing computingresources rather than having local servers or personal devices to handle applications. In cloud computing, the word cloud (also phrased as ‘the cloud’) is used as a metaphor for ‘the Internet,’ so the phrase cloud computing means “a type of Internet-based computing,” where different services –such as servers, storage and applications –are delivered to an organisation’s computers and devices through the Internet.Cloud computing is comparable to grid computing, a type of computing where unused processing cycles of all computers in a networkare harnesses to solve problems too intensive for any stand-alone machine.The goal of cloud computing is to apply traditional supercomputing, or high-performance computing power, normally used by military and research facilities, to perform tens of trillions of computations per second, in consumer-oriented applications such as financial portfolios, to deliver personalised information, to provide data storage or to power large, immersive computer games.It relies on restricting sharing of resources to achieve coherence and economies of scale,similar to a utility (like the electricity grid) over a network. At the foundation of cloud computing is the broader concept of converged infrastructure and shared services.To do this, cloud computing uses networks of large groups of servers typically running low-cost consumer PC technology with specialised connections to spread data-processing chores across them. This shared IT infrastructure contains large pools of systems that are linked together. Often, virtualisation techniques are used to maximise the power of cloud computing.Cloud computing will become even more prominent in the coming years, with the predicted rapid, continued growth of major global cloud data centres. Cloud computing has been around for quite some time, and goes as far back as the birth of email. But it’s only in recent years that companies have started renting servers and storage instead of purchasing hardware and running it at huge costs.And with more organisations – especially those that rely on India’s outsourcing infrastructure –transferring some of their IT work onto the cloud,companies such as Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), Infosys and Wipro have stepped up to facilitate that shift. They have positioned themselves as enablers between owners and renters.A report published by IT research and advisory firm Gartner estimates that in India alone the market for cloud-based services will rise by a third to $557 million this year-, and more than triple by 2018. India’s IT giants are becoming experts at going in early, at the planning stage, and defining what their corporate customers ought to be doing to take advantage of emergingtechnologies. “They are playing to their strengths, which is services. Even in the cloud, they are in the services area, specifically focussed on services brokerage,” says Arup Roy, research director at Gartner. They have the advantage of being experts at managing IT back-end for global customers, which will play a crucial role in the shift to the cloud.Short Essay on Cloud Computing 200 Words in EnglishBelow we have given a short essay on Cloud Computing is for Classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.This short essay on the topic is suitable for students of class 6 and below.Users access cloud computing using networked client devices, such as desktop computers, laptops, tablets and smartphones. Some of these devices –cloud clients –rely on cloud computing for all or a majority of their applications so as to be essentially useless without it. Examples are thin clients and the browser-based Chromebook. Many cloud applications do not require specific software on the client and instead use a web browser to interact with the cloud application. With Ajax andHTML5 these Web user interfaces can achieve a similar, or even better, look and feel to native applications. Some cloud applications, however, support specific client software dedicated to these applications (eg. virtual desktop clients and most email clients). Some legacy applications (line of business applications that until now have been prevalent in thin client computing) are delivered via a screen-sharing technology.According to Gartner’s Hype cycle, cloud computing has reached a maturity that leads it into a productive phase. This means that most ofthe main issues regarding cloud computing have been addressed to a degree that clouds have become interesting for full commercial exploitation. This however does not mean that all the problems listed above have actually been solved, only that the according risks can be tolerated to a certain degree. Cloud computing is therefore still as much a research topic, as it is a market offering. What is clear through the evolution of Cloud Computing services is that the full form of CTO is a major driving force behind Cloud adoption. The major Cloud technology developers continue to invest billions a year in Cloud R&D, in 2011 Microsoft forexample committed 90% of its $9.6bn R&D budget to Cloud.Cloud Computing Essay Word Meanings for Simple UnderstandingDu jour – of the day, currentMetaphor –a thing regarded as representative or symbolic of something elseCliche – something that is used very oftenEncompasses – includes comprehensivelyFuzzier – more difficult to perceive; indistinct or vagueHarnesses – controls and makes use of(natural resources), especially to produce energyLegacy –something left or handed down by a predecessorProminence –the state of being important, famous, or noticeableEvolution –the gradual development of something.。
云计算技术英语
云计算技术英语Title: Understanding Cloud Computing TechnologiesCloud computing has revolutionized the way businesses and individuals interact with technology. At its core, cloud computing is the delivery of computing resources and data storage over the internet. These resources are provided on-demand and can be scaled up or down as needed. Thisflexibility allows users to pay only for the services they use, rather than investing in expensive hardware and software that may not always be fully utilized.The foundation of cloud computing is built upon a myriadof technologies that work in harmony to provide seamless services. These technologies include virtualization, utility computing, service-oriented architecture, autonomic computing, and network-based computing, among others. Let's delve deeper into each of these key technologies.Virtualization is a cornerstone of cloud computing. It enables the creation of virtual machines (VMs) which are software-based emulations of physical servers. These VMs can run multiple operating systems and applications on a single physical server, maximizing resource utilization and reducing costs. Virtualization also allows for the rapid deployment and decommissioning of environments, providing agility and scalability to cloud services.Utility computing extends the concept of virtualization by treating computing resources like a metered service, similar to how utilities like electricity are billed based on consumption. This model allows cloud providers to offer flexible pricing plans that charge for the exact resources used, without requiring long-term contracts or minimum usage commitments.Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a design pattern that structures an application as a set of interoperableservices. Each service performs a unique task and can be accessed independently through well-defined interfaces and protocols. In the cloud, SOA enables the creation of modular, scalable, and reusable services that can be quickly assembled into complex applications.Autonomic computing is a self-managing system that can automatically optimize its performance without human intervention. It uses advanced algorithms and feedback mechanisms to monitor and adjust resources in real-time. This technology is essential in the cloud where the demand for resources can fluctuate rapidly, and immediate responses are necessary to maintain optimal performance.Network-based computing focuses on the connectivity between devices and the efficiency of data transmission. Cloud providers invest heavily in high-speed networks to ensure low latency and high bandwidth for their services. The reliability and security of these networks are paramount toensure uninterrupted access to cloud resources and to protect sensitive data from breaches.In addition to these foundational technologies, cloud computing also relies on advanced security measures, such as encryption and multi-factor authentication, to safeguard data and applications. Disaster recovery strategies, includingdata backups and replication across multiple geographic locations, are also critical to ensure business continuity in the event of a failure or disaster.Cloud computing models are typically categorized intothree types: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform asa Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). IaaS provides virtualized infrastructure resources such as servers, storage, and networking. PaaS offers a platform fordevelopers to build, test, and deploy applications, while abstracting the underlying infrastructure layers. SaaSdelivers complete software applications to end-users via theinternet, eliminating the need for local installations and maintenance.Choosing the right cloud service provider is crucial for businesses looking to leverage cloud computing. Providerslike Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP) offer a range of services tailored to different needs and budgets. These platforms are designed to be highly scalable, reliable, and secure, with features such as automated scaling, load balancing, and comprehensive monitoring tools.Furthermore, cloud providers often offer specialized services for specific industries or use cases. For example, AWS offers Amazon S3 for object storage, Amazon EC2 for virtual servers, and Amazon RDS for managed databases. Microsoft Azure provides Azure Active Directory for identity management and Azure Machine Learning for building predictivemodels. GCP offers BigQuery for big data analytics and App Engine for scalable web application hosting.As cloud computing continues to evolve, new trends and innovations emerge. Edge computing, for instance, aims to bring computation closer to data sources by processing data at the edge of the network, reducing latency and bandwidth usage. Serverless computing, another rising trend, allows developers to focus solely on writing code without worrying about the underlying infrastructure, as the cloud provider dynamically manages the execution environment.In conclusion, cloud computing technologies have enabled a paradigm shift in how we approach IT resource management and consumption. By understanding the various technologies and models at play, businesses can make informed decisions about adopting cloud solutions that align with their strategic goals. As the landscape of cloud computing continues to mature, it will undoubtedly present newopportunities and challenges that must be navigated with a keen eye on technological advancements and market dynamics.。
云计算 英语作文
云计算英语作文Cloud computing is a game changer in the field of technology. It has revolutionized the way we store, access, and process data. With the power of cloud computing, we can now access our files and applications from anywhere in the world.One of the key benefits of cloud computing is its cost-effectiveness. Instead of investing in expensive hardware and software, businesses can simply pay for the services they use. This not only reduces the initial investment but also allows for scalability as the business grows.Security is a major concern when it comes to storing data in the cloud. However, cloud computing providers have made significant advancements in ensuring the security of data. With advanced encryption and security measures, cloud computing has become a safe and reliable option for data storage.The flexibility and agility of cloud computing are unmatched. With the ability to quickly deploy new applications and services, businesses can stay ahead of the competition. This agility also allows for faster innovation and adaptation to changing market demands.Cloud computing has also had a significant impact on collaboration and communication. With cloud-based productivity tools, teams can work together in real-time, regardless of their physical location. This has greatly improved efficiency and productivity in the workplace.Overall, cloud computing has transformed the way we do business and interact with technology. Its cost-effectiveness, security, flexibility, and collaboration capabilities make it an indispensable tool in today's digital world.。
新版目录CCF推荐期刊变化6个，会议变化16个，A类会议增加3种
新版目录CCF推荐期刊变化6个，会议变化16个，A类会议增加3种此次修订，面向专委会征集修订提案，共收到来自30个CCF专业委员会提交的233项提案——涉及会议的提案有150项，涵盖119个会议；涉及刊物的提案有83项，涵盖63个期刊。
此次更新的原则是：在既有基础上进行微调，领域分布保持不变，期刊和会议的推荐类别保持不变。
学术君对比2015年的《目录》，将十个领域的具体变化整理出来分享给大家，如有不周，敬请各位提出建议。
计算机体系结构/并行与分布计算/存储系统领域调整：C类期刊增加了TCC期刊；会议未发生变化。
TCC期刊（全称Transactions on Cloud Computing）是专用于云计算的多学科领域期刊。
它致力于发表文章，介绍云计算中的创新研究思想，应用结果和案例研究，重点关注与理论、算法、系统、应用和性能相关的关键技术问题。
计算机网络领域调整：期刊未发生变化；NSDI会议由B类会议升级为成A类会议，C类会议增加了MSN会议。
NSDI会议（全称Networked Systems Design and Implementation )是USENIX组织开办的关于网络系统设计的著名会议，虽然历史很短（第16届），但由于其强调系统、实用、跨学科的特点，广受计算机学者关注。
MSN会议（全称International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks）为学术研究人员和行业从业者提供了一个论坛，以展示研究进展，交流新思路，并确定移动ad-hoc和传感器网络领域的未来发展方向。
选定的论文将被推荐在SCI索引的几种期刊的特刊上发表。
网络与信息安全领域调整：C类期刊减少ISTR期刊，增加JISA期刊；会议未发生变化。
减少ISTR期刊（全称Information Security T echnical Report）增加JISA期刊（全称Journal of Information Security and Applications)，信息安全与应用期刊侧重于与信息安全和应用相关的原始研究和实践驱动的应用。
关于云计算的英语作文
关于云计算的英语作文In the realm of technological advancements, cloud computing stands as a revolutionary concept that has transformed theway we store, access, and manage data. The essence of cloud computing lies in its ability to provide on-demand access toa shared pool of resources over the internet, fundamentally altering our interaction with digital information.Firstly, the convenience offered by cloud computing is unparalleled. Individuals and businesses alike can now store vast amounts of data on remote servers, accessible from any device with an internet connection. This eliminates the need for physical storage devices and the hassle of transferring files between them, streamlining the process of data management.Moreover, the collaborative potential of cloud computing is a game-changer for the corporate world. Teams can work on documents in real-time, regardless of their physical location, fostering a more efficient and dynamic work environment. This has been particularly beneficial during the recent global health crisis, where remote work has become the norm, andcloud services have enabled businesses to continue operating seamlessly.Security is another critical aspect of cloud computing. While some may argue that storing data off-site poses risks, reputable cloud service providers employ advanced encryptionand security protocols to protect user data. In many cases, these measures are more robust than what an individual or small company could implement on their own.However, the reliance on cloud computing also raises concerns about data privacy and the potential for centralized control. As more of our lives become digitized, the risk of data breaches and the misuse of personal information increases. Therefore, it is imperative for users to be aware of the privacy policies of their cloud service providers and for governments to establish regulations that protect consumer interests.In conclusion, cloud computing has ushered in an era of unprecedented convenience and collaboration. As we continue to embrace this technology, it is crucial to remain vigilant about the security and privacy of our digital lives. The future of cloud computing holds great promise, but it also requires a commitment to ethical and secure practices to ensure that it benefits all of society.。
云计算外文翻译参考文献
云计算外文翻译参考文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)原文:Technical Issues of Forensic Investigations in Cloud Computing EnvironmentsDominik BirkRuhr-University BochumHorst Goertz Institute for IT SecurityBochum, GermanyRuhr-University BochumHorst Goertz Institute for IT SecurityBochum, GermanyAbstract—Cloud Computing is arguably one of the most discussedinformation technologies today. It presents many promising technological and economical opportunities. However, many customers remain reluctant to move their business IT infrastructure completely to the cloud. One of their main concerns is Cloud Security and the threat of the unknown. Cloud Service Providers(CSP) encourage this perception by not letting their customers see what is behind their virtual curtain. A seldomly discussed, but in this regard highly relevant open issue is the ability to perform digital investigations. This continues to fuel insecurity on the sides of both providers and customers. Cloud Forensics constitutes a new and disruptive challenge for investigators. Due to the decentralized nature of data processing in the cloud, traditional approaches to evidence collection and recovery are no longer practical. This paper focuses on the technical aspects of digital forensics in distributed cloud environments. We contribute by assessing whether it is possible for the customer of cloud computing services to perform a traditional digital investigation from a technical point of view. Furthermore we discuss possible solutions and possible new methodologies helping customers to perform such investigations.I. INTRODUCTIONAlthough the cloud might appear attractive to small as well as to large companies, it does not come along without its own unique problems. Outsourcing sensitive corporate data into the cloud raises concerns regarding the privacy and security of data. Security policies, companies main pillar concerning security, cannot be easily deployed into distributed, virtualized cloud environments. This situation is further complicated by the unknown physical location of the companie’s assets. Normally,if a security incident occurs, the corporate security team wants to be able to perform their own investigation without dependency on third parties. In the cloud, this is not possible anymore: The CSP obtains all the power over the environmentand thus controls the sources of evidence. In the best case, a trusted third party acts as a trustee and guarantees for the trustworthiness of the CSP. Furthermore, the implementation of the technical architecture and circumstances within cloud computing environments bias the way an investigation may be processed. In detail, evidence data has to be interpreted by an investigator in a We would like to thank the reviewers for the helpful comments and Dennis Heinson (Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt - CASED) for the profound discussions regarding the legal aspects of cloud forensics. proper manner which is hardly be possible due to the lackof circumstantial information. For auditors, this situation does not change: Questions who accessed specific data and information cannot be answered by the customers, if no corresponding logs are available. With the increasing demand for using the power of the cloud for processing also sensible information and data, enterprises face the issue of Data and Process Provenance in the cloud [10]. Digital provenance, meaning meta-data that describes the ancestry or history of a digital object, is a crucial feature for forensic investigations. In combination with a suitable authentication scheme, it provides information about who created and who modified what kind of data in the cloud. These are crucial aspects for digital investigations in distributed environments such as the cloud. Unfortunately, the aspects of forensic investigations in distributed environment have so far been mostly neglected by the research community. Current discussion centers mostly around security, privacy and data protection issues [35], [9], [12]. The impact of forensic investigations on cloud environments was little noticed albeit mentioned by the authors of [1] in 2009: ”[...] to our knowledge, no research has been published on how cloud computing environments affect digital artifacts,and on acquisition logistics and legal issues related to cloud computing env ironments.” This statement is also confirmed by other authors [34], [36], [40] stressing that further research on incident handling, evidence tracking and accountability in cloud environments has to be done. At the same time, massive investments are being made in cloud technology. Combined with the fact that information technology increasingly transcendents peoples’ private and professional life, thus mirroring more and more of peoples’actions, it becomes apparent that evidence gathered from cloud environments will be of high significance to litigation or criminal proceedings in the future. Within this work, we focus the notion of cloud forensics by addressing the technical issues of forensics in all three major cloud service models and consider cross-disciplinary aspects. Moreover, we address the usability of various sources of evidence for investigative purposes and propose potential solutions to the issues from a practical standpoint. This work should be considered as a surveying discussion of an almost unexplored research area. The paper is organized as follows: We discuss the related work and the fundamental technical background information of digital forensics, cloud computing and the fault model in section II and III. In section IV, we focus on the technical issues of cloud forensics and discuss the potential sources and nature of digital evidence as well as investigations in XaaS environments including thecross-disciplinary aspects. We conclude in section V.II. RELATED WORKVarious works have been published in the field of cloud security and privacy [9], [35], [30] focussing on aspects for protecting data in multi-tenant, virtualized environments. Desired security characteristics for current cloud infrastructures mainly revolve around isolation of multi-tenant platforms [12], security of hypervisors in order to protect virtualized guest systems and secure network infrastructures [32]. Albeit digital provenance, describing the ancestry of digital objects, still remains a challenging issue for cloud environments, several works have already been published in this field [8], [10] contributing to the issues of cloud forensis. Within this context, cryptographic proofs for verifying data integrity mainly in cloud storage offers have been proposed,yet lacking of practical implementations [24], [37], [23]. Traditional computer forensics has already well researched methods for various fields of application [4], [5], [6], [11], [13]. Also the aspects of forensics in virtual systems have been addressed by several works [2], [3], [20] including the notionof virtual introspection [25]. In addition, the NIST already addressed Web Service Forensics [22] which has a huge impact on investigation processes in cloud computing environments. In contrast, the aspects of forensic investigations in cloud environments have mostly been neglected by both the industry and the research community. One of the first papers focusing on this topic was published by Wolthusen [40] after Bebee et al already introduced problems within cloud environments [1]. Wolthusen stressed that there is an inherent strong need for interdisciplinary work linking the requirements and concepts of evidence arising from the legal field to what can be feasibly reconstructed and inferred algorithmically or in an exploratory manner. In 2010, Grobauer et al [36] published a paper discussing the issues of incident response in cloud environments - unfortunately no specific issues and solutions of cloud forensics have been proposed which will be done within this work.III. TECHNICAL BACKGROUNDA. Traditional Digital ForensicsThe notion of Digital Forensics is widely known as the practice of identifying, extracting and considering evidence from digital media. Unfortunately, digital evidence is both fragile and volatile and therefore requires the attention of special personnel and methods in order to ensure that evidence data can be proper isolated and evaluated. Normally, the process of a digital investigation can be separated into three different steps each having its own specificpurpose:1) In the Securing Phase, the major intention is the preservation of evidence for analysis. The data has to be collected in a manner that maximizes its integrity. This is normally done by a bitwise copy of the original media. As can be imagined, this represents a huge problem in the field of cloud computing where you never know exactly where your data is and additionallydo not have access to any physical hardware. However, the snapshot technology, discussed in section IV-B3, provides a powerful tool to freeze system states and thus makes digital investigations, at least in IaaS scenarios, theoretically possible.2) We refer to the Analyzing Phase as the stage in which the data is sifted and combined. It is in this phase that the data from multiple systems or sources is pulled together to create as complete a picture and event reconstruction as possible. Especially in distributed system infrastructures, this means that bits and pieces of data are pulled together for deciphering the real story of what happened and for providing a deeper look into the data.3) Finally, at the end of the examination and analysis of the data, the results of the previous phases will be reprocessed in the Presentation Phase. The report, created in this phase, is a compilation of all the documentation and evidence from the analysis stage. The main intention of such a report is that it contains all results, it is complete and clear to understand. Apparently, the success of these three steps strongly depends on the first stage. If it is not possible to secure the complete set of evidence data, no exhaustive analysis will be possible. However, in real world scenarios often only a subset of the evidence data can be secured by the investigator. In addition, an important definition in the general context of forensics is the notion of a Chain of Custody. This chain clarifies how and where evidence is stored and who takes possession of it. Especially for cases which are brought to court it is crucial that the chain of custody is preserved.B. Cloud ComputingAccording to the NIST [16], cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal CSP interaction. The new raw definition of cloud computing brought several new characteristics such as multi-tenancy, elasticity, pay-as-you-go and reliability. Within this work, the following three models are used: In the Infrastructure asa Service (IaaS) model, the customer is using the virtual machine provided by the CSP for installing his own system on it. The system can be used like any other physical computer with a few limitations. However, the additive customer power over the system comes along with additional security obligations. Platform as a Service (PaaS) offerings provide the capability to deploy application packages created using the virtual development environment supported by the CSP. For the efficiency of software development process this service model can be propellent. In the Software as a Service (SaaS) model, the customer makes use of a service run by the CSP on a cloud infrastructure. In most of the cases this service can be accessed through an API for a thin client interface such as a web browser. Closed-source public SaaS offers such as Amazon S3 and GoogleMail can only be used in the public deployment model leading to further issues concerning security, privacy and the gathering of suitable evidences. Furthermore, two main deployment models, private and public cloud have to be distinguished. Common public clouds are made available to the general public. The corresponding infrastructure is owned by one organization acting as a CSP and offering services to its customers. In contrast, the private cloud is exclusively operated for an organization but may not provide the scalability and agility of public offers. The additional notions of community and hybrid cloud are not exclusively covered within this work. However, independently from the specific model used, the movement of applications and data to the cloud comes along with limited control for the customer about the application itself, the data pushed into the applications and also about the underlying technical infrastructure.C. Fault ModelBe it an account for a SaaS application, a development environment (PaaS) or a virtual image of an IaaS environment, systems in the cloud can be affected by inconsistencies. Hence, for both customer and CSP it is crucial to have the ability to assign faults to the causing party, even in the presence of Byzantine behavior [33]. Generally, inconsistencies can be caused by the following two reasons:1) Maliciously Intended FaultsInternal or external adversaries with specific malicious intentions can cause faults on cloud instances or applications. Economic rivals as well as former employees can be the reason for these faults and state a constant threat to customers and CSP. In this model, also a malicious CSP is included albeit he isassumed to be rare in real world scenarios. Additionally, from the technical point of view, the movement of computing power to a virtualized, multi-tenant environment can pose further threads and risks to the systems. One reason for this is that if a single system or service in the cloud is compromised, all other guest systems and even the host system are at risk. Hence, besides the need for further security measures, precautions for potential forensic investigations have to be taken into consideration.2) Unintentional FaultsInconsistencies in technical systems or processes in the cloud do not have implicitly to be caused by malicious intent. Internal communication errors or human failures can lead to issues in the services offered to the costumer(i.e. loss or modification of data). Although these failures are not caused intentionally, both the CSP and the customer have a strong intention to discover the reasons and deploy corresponding fixes.IV. TECHNICAL ISSUESDigital investigations are about control of forensic evidence data. From the technical standpoint, this data can be available in three different states: at rest, in motion or in execution. Data at rest is represented by allocated disk space. Whether the data is stored in a database or in a specific file format, it allocates disk space. Furthermore, if a file is deleted, the disk space is de-allocated for the operating system but the data is still accessible since the disk space has not been re-allocated and overwritten. This fact is often exploited by investigators which explore these de-allocated disk space on harddisks. In case the data is in motion, data is transferred from one entity to another e.g. a typical file transfer over a network can be seen as a data in motion scenario. Several encapsulated protocols contain the data each leaving specific traces on systems and network devices which can in return be used by investigators. Data can be loaded into memory and executed as a process. In this case, the data is neither at rest or in motion but in execution. On the executing system, process information, machine instruction and allocated/de-allocated data can be analyzed by creating a snapshot of the current system state. In the following sections, we point out the potential sources for evidential data in cloud environments and discuss the technical issues of digital investigations in XaaS environmentsas well as suggest several solutions to these problems.A. Sources and Nature of EvidenceConcerning the technical aspects of forensic investigations, the amount of potential evidence available to the investigator strongly diverges between thedifferent cloud service and deployment models. The virtual machine (VM), hosting in most of the cases the server application, provides several pieces of information that could be used by investigators. On the network level, network components can provide information about possible communication channels between different parties involved. The browser on the client, acting often as the user agent for communicating with the cloud, also contains a lot of information that could be used as evidence in a forensic investigation. Independently from the used model, the following three components could act as sources for potential evidential data.1) Virtual Cloud Instance: The VM within the cloud, where i.e. data is stored or processes are handled, contains potential evidence [2], [3]. In most of the cases, it is the place where an incident happened and hence provides a good starting point for a forensic investigation. The VM instance can be accessed by both, the CSP and the customer who is running the instance. Furthermore, virtual introspection techniques [25] provide access to the runtime state of the VM via the hypervisor and snapshot technology supplies a powerful technique for the customer to freeze specific states of the VM. Therefore, virtual instances can be still running during analysis which leads to the case of live investigations [41] or can be turned off leading to static image analysis. In SaaS and PaaS scenarios, the ability to access the virtual instance for gathering evidential information is highly limited or simply not possible.2) Network Layer: Traditional network forensics is knownas the analysis of network traffic logs for tracing events that have occurred in the past. Since the different ISO/OSI network layers provide several information on protocols and communication between instances within as well as with instances outside the cloud [4], [5], [6], network forensics is theoretically also feasible in cloud environments. However in practice, ordinary CSP currently do not provide any log data from the network components used by the customer’s instances or applications. For instance, in case of a malware infection of an IaaS VM, it will be difficult for the investigator to get any form of routing information and network log datain general which is crucial for further investigative steps. This situation gets even more complicated in case of PaaS or SaaS. So again, the situation of gathering forensic evidence is strongly affected by the support the investigator receives from the customer and the CSP.3) Client System: On the system layer of the client, it completely depends on the used model (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) if and where potential evidence could beextracted. In most of the scenarios, the user agent (e.g. the web browser) on the client system is the only application that communicates with the service in the cloud. This especially holds for SaaS applications which are used and controlled by the web browser. But also in IaaS scenarios, the administration interface is often controlled via the browser. Hence, in an exhaustive forensic investigation, the evidence data gathered from the browser environment [7] should not be omitted.a) Browser Forensics: Generally, the circumstances leading to an investigation have to be differentiated: In ordinary scenarios, the main goal of an investigation of the web browser is to determine if a user has been victim of a crime. In complex SaaS scenarios with high client-server interaction, this constitutes a difficult task. Additionally, customers strongly make use of third-party extensions [17] which can be abused for malicious purposes. Hence, the investigator might want to look for malicious extensions, searches performed, websites visited, files downloaded, information entered in forms or stored in local HTML5 stores, web-based email contents and persistent browser cookies for gathering potential evidence data. Within this context, it is inevitable to investigate the appearance of malicious JavaScript [18] leading to e.g. unintended AJAX requests and hence modified usage of administration interfaces. Generally, the web browser contains a lot of electronic evidence data that could be used to give an answer to both of the above questions - even if the private mode is switched on [19].B. Investigations in XaaS EnvironmentsTraditional digital forensic methodologies permit investigators to seize equipment and perform detailed analysis on the media and data recovered [11]. In a distributed infrastructure organization like the cloud computing environment, investigators are confronted with an entirely different situation. They have no longer the option of seizing physical data storage. Data and processes of the customer are dispensed over an undisclosed amount of virtual instances, applications and network elements. Hence, it is in question whether preliminary findings of the computer forensic community in the field of digital forensics apparently have to be revised and adapted to the new environment. Within this section, specific issues of investigations in SaaS, PaaS and IaaS environments will be discussed. In addition, cross-disciplinary issues which affect several environments uniformly, will be taken into consideration. We also suggest potential solutions to the mentioned problems.1) SaaS Environments: Especially in the SaaS model, the customer does notobtain any control of the underlying operating infrastructure such as network, servers, operating systems or the application that is used. This means that no deeper view into the system and its underlying infrastructure is provided to the customer. Only limited userspecific application configuration settings can be controlled contributing to the evidences which can be extracted fromthe client (see section IV-A3). In a lot of cases this urges the investigator to rely on high-level logs which are eventually provided by the CSP. Given the case that the CSP does not run any logging application, the customer has no opportunity to create any useful evidence through the installation of any toolkit or logging tool. These circumstances do not allow a valid forensic investigation and lead to the assumption that customers of SaaS offers do not have any chance to analyze potential incidences.a) Data Provenance: The notion of Digital Provenance is known as meta-data that describes the ancestry or history of digital objects. Secure provenance that records ownership and process history of data objects is vital to the success of data forensics in cloud environments, yet it is still a challenging issue today [8]. Albeit data provenance is of high significance also for IaaS and PaaS, it states a huge problem specifically for SaaS-based applications: Current global acting public SaaS CSP offer Single Sign-On (SSO) access control to the set of their services. Unfortunately in case of an account compromise, most of the CSP do not offer any possibility for the customer to figure out which data and information has been accessed by the adversary. For the victim, this situation can have tremendous impact: If sensitive data has been compromised, it is unclear which data has been leaked and which has not been accessed by the adversary. Additionally, data could be modified or deleted by an external adversary or even by the CSP e.g. due to storage reasons. The customer has no ability to proof otherwise. Secure provenance mechanisms for distributed environments can improve this situation but have not been practically implemented by CSP [10]. Suggested Solution: In private SaaS scenarios this situation is improved by the fact that the customer and the CSP are probably under the same authority. Hence, logging and provenance mechanisms could be implemented which contribute to potential investigations. Additionally, the exact location of the servers and the data is known at any time. Public SaaS CSP should offer additional interfaces for the purpose of compliance, forensics, operations and security matters to their customers. Through an API, the customers should have the ability to receive specific information suchas access, error and event logs that could improve their situation in case of aninvestigation. Furthermore, due to the limited ability of receiving forensic information from the server and proofing integrity of stored data in SaaS scenarios, the client has to contribute to this process. This could be achieved by implementing Proofs of Retrievability (POR) in which a verifier (client) is enabled to determine that a prover (server) possesses a file or data object and it can be retrieved unmodified [24]. Provable Data Possession (PDP) techniques [37] could be used to verify that an untrusted server possesses the original data without the need for the client to retrieve it. Although these cryptographic proofs have not been implemented by any CSP, the authors of [23] introduced a new data integrity verification mechanism for SaaS scenarios which could also be used for forensic purposes.2) PaaS Environments: One of the main advantages of the PaaS model is that the developed software application is under the control of the customer and except for some CSP, the source code of the application does not have to leave the local development environment. Given these circumstances, the customer obtains theoretically the power to dictate how the application interacts with other dependencies such as databases, storage entities etc. CSP normally claim this transfer is encrypted but this statement can hardly be verified by the customer. Since the customer has the ability to interact with the platform over a prepared API, system states and specific application logs can be extracted. However potential adversaries, which can compromise the application during runtime, should not be able to alter these log files afterwards. Suggested Solution:Depending on the runtime environment, logging mechanisms could be implemented which automatically sign and encrypt the log information before its transfer to a central logging server under the control of the customer. Additional signing and encrypting could prevent potential eavesdroppers from being able to view and alter log data information on the way to the logging server. Runtime compromise of an PaaS application by adversaries could be monitored by push-only mechanisms for log data presupposing that the needed information to detect such an attack are logged. Increasingly, CSP offering PaaS solutions give developers the ability to collect and store a variety of diagnostics data in a highly configurable way with the help of runtime feature sets [38].3) IaaS Environments: As expected, even virtual instances in the cloud get compromised by adversaries. Hence, the ability to determine how defenses in the virtual environment failed and to what extent the affected systems havebeen compromised is crucial not only for recovering from an incident. Also forensic investigations gain leverage from such information and contribute to resilience against future attacks on the systems. From the forensic point of view, IaaS instances do provide much more evidence data usable for potential forensics than PaaS and SaaS models do. This fact is caused throughthe ability of the customer to install and set up the image for forensic purposes before an incident occurs. Hence, as proposed for PaaS environments, log data and other forensic evidence information could be signed and encrypted before itis transferred to third-party hosts mitigating the chance that a maliciously motivated shutdown process destroys the volatile data. Although, IaaS environments provide plenty of potential evidence, it has to be emphasized that the customer VM is in the end still under the control of the CSP. He controls the hypervisor which is e.g. responsible for enforcing hardware boundaries and routing hardware requests among different VM. Hence, besides the security responsibilities of the hypervisor, he exerts tremendous control over how customer’s VM communicate with the hardware and theoretically can intervene executed processes on the hosted virtual instance through virtual introspection [25]. This could also affect encryption or signing processes executed on the VM and therefore leading to the leakage of the secret key. Although this risk can be disregarded in most of the cases, the impact on the security of high security environments is tremendous.a) Snapshot Analysis: Traditional forensics expect target machines to be powered down to collect an image (dead virtual instance). This situation completely changed with the advent of the snapshot technology which is supported by all popular hypervisors such as Xen, VMware ESX and Hyper-V.A snapshot, also referred to as the forensic image of a VM, providesa powerful tool with which a virtual instance can be clonedby one click including also the running system’s mem ory. Due to the invention of the snapshot technology, systems hosting crucial business processes do not have to be powered down for forensic investigation purposes. The investigator simply creates and loads a snapshot of the target VM for analysis(live virtual instance). This behavior is especially important for scenarios in which a downtime of a system is not feasible or practical due to existing SLA. However the information whether the machine is running or has been properly powered down is crucial [3] for the investigation. Live investigations of running virtual instances become more common providing evidence data that。
写一篇云计算说明的英文作文
写一篇云计算说明的英文作文Cloud computing is a revolutionary technology that has transformed the way we access and utilize computing resources. It is a paradigm shift in the world of information technology, where computing resources, such as storage, processing power, and software, are delivered as a service over the internet. This technology has revolutionized the way businesses and individuals approach their computing needs, offering a more flexible, scalable, and cost-effective solution.At its core, cloud computing involves the use of remote servers, often hosted in data centers, to store, manage, and process data. Instead of relying on local hardware and software, users can access these resources on-demand, paying only for what they use. This model offers several advantages over traditional computing methods, making it an increasingly attractive option for a wide range of applications.One of the primary benefits of cloud computing is its scalability. Businesses and individuals can easily scale their computing resources up or down as needed, without the need to invest in expensive hardware or infrastructure. This flexibility allows organizations torespond quickly to changes in demand, ensuring that they have the necessary resources to meet their computing needs. Whether it's a sudden surge in website traffic or the need to handle a large data processing job, cloud computing provides the ability to scale resources accordingly, making it a valuable asset for businesses of all sizes.Another key advantage of cloud computing is its cost-effectiveness. By outsourcing computing resources to the cloud, users can avoid the upfront costs associated with purchasing and maintaining their own hardware and software. Cloud providers typically offer a pay-as-you-go model, where users only pay for the resources they consume, reducing the financial burden on organizations. This model also eliminates the need for costly software licenses and maintenance, as the cloud provider handles these responsibilities. Additionally, cloud computing can lead to significant cost savings in areas such as energy consumption and IT support, as the cloud provider is responsible for managing and maintaining the underlying infrastructure.Accessibility and collaboration are also significant benefits of cloud computing. With cloud-based applications and services, users can access their data and resources from anywhere with an internet connection, enabling remote work and seamless collaboration among team members. This flexibility allows for increasedproductivity and efficient workflow, as employees can work on projects and share information regardless of their physical location. Furthermore, cloud computing facilitates real-time data sharing and synchronization, ensuring that all team members are working with the most up-to-date information.In addition to the practical benefits, cloud computing also offers improved data security and disaster recovery capabilities. Cloud providers often invest heavily in robust security measures, such as encryption, access control, and regular backups, to protect their customers' data. This level of security is often beyond the reach of many individual organizations, making cloud computing a more secure option for data storage and management. Moreover, cloud-based disaster recovery solutions can help businesses minimize the impact of unexpected events, such as hardware failures or natural disasters, by providing reliable data backup and recovery options.The versatility of cloud computing is another key factor that has contributed to its widespread adoption. Cloud-based services and applications can be used for a wide range of purposes, from simple file storage and sharing to complex enterprise-level applications and data analytics. This versatility allows businesses and individuals to leverage cloud computing for a variety of use cases, from content management and collaboration to artificial intelligence and machine learning.Despite its numerous benefits, cloud computing is not without its challenges. Security and data privacy concerns are often at the forefront of discussions, as businesses and individuals must trust their cloud providers to safeguard their sensitive data. Regulatory compliance and data sovereignty issues can also be a concern, particularly for organizations operating in highly regulated industries. Additionally, the reliance on a stable and reliable internet connection can be a drawback, as any disruptions in connectivity can impact the accessibility and performance of cloud-based services.To address these challenges, cloud providers and the broader technology community are continuously working to enhance security measures, improve data privacy protocols, and develop solutions to ensure compliance with various regulations. As cloud computing continues to evolve, it is expected that these challenges will be addressed, further solidifying the technology's position as a critical component of modern computing.In conclusion, cloud computing is a transformative technology that has revolutionized the way we access and utilize computing resources. Its scalability, cost-effectiveness, accessibility, and security features have made it an increasingly attractive option for businesses and individuals alike. As the technology continues to mature and evolve, it is poised to play an even more significant role in shapingthe future of computing and driving innovation across a wide range of industries.。
云计算技术应用英语作文
Cloud computing has revolutionized the way we access and process information, and it has become an integral part of our daily lives. As a high school student who has been actively involved in technology clubs and coding workshops, I have had the opportunity to delve into the world of cloud computing and witness its impact firsthand.The concept of cloud computing is relatively simple: it allows users to access and store data remotely on servers instead of on their personal devices. This means that we can access our files, applications, and services from anywhere, at any time, as long as we have an internet connection. The convenience and flexibility that cloud computing offers have made it a popular choice for both individuals and businesses alike.One of the most significant benefits of cloud computing is its scalability. Unlike traditional computing systems, which require physical hardware and can be expensive and timeconsuming to scale, cloud computing can be easily expanded or reduced to meet the changing needs of users. This has been particularly beneficial for small businesses and startups, who can now access the same level of computing power as larger companies without the hefty price tag.Another advantage of cloud computing is its costeffectiveness. By using cloud services, businesses can save on the costs associated with maintaining their own servers and IT infrastructure. Instead of investing in expensive hardware and software, they can pay for only the resources they need, which can result in significant cost savings.However, cloud computing is not without its challenges. One of the main concerns is security. With data being stored and processed on remote servers, there is always a risk of data breaches and cyberattacks. To address this, cloud service providers have implemented various security measures, such as encryption and multifactor authentication, to protect user data.As a high school student, I have had the opportunity to explore cloud computing through various projects and competitions. In one project, my team and I used cloud computing to develop a mobile app that allowed users to access educational resources and collaborate with their peers. The app was hosted on a cloud server, which made it easy for us to manage and scale the app as more users joined.In another competition, we were tasked with creating a solution to help farmers monitor and manage their crops more efficiently. We developed a system that used sensors and IoT devices to collect data on soil moisture, temperature, and other factors. This data was then processed and analyzed using cloud computing, allowing farmers to make informed decisions about irrigation and crop management.Through these experiences, I have gained a deeper understanding of the power and potential of cloud computing. It has opened up new possibilities for innovation and collaboration, and I believe it will continue to shape the way we work and live in the future.In conclusion, cloud computing has transformed the way we access andprocess information, offering numerous benefits such as scalability, costeffectiveness, and flexibility. While there are challenges to overcome, such as security concerns, the advantages of cloud computing far outweigh the disadvantages. As a high school student, I have had the opportunity to explore and apply cloud computing in various projects, and I am excited to see how it will continue to evolve and impact our lives in the years to come.。
英语作文关于云计算
英语作文关于云计算In the realm of technological advancements, cloud computing has emerged as a pivotal innovation that has revolutionizedthe way we store, access, and manage data. This essay aims to explore the multifaceted impact of cloud computing on modern society, touching upon its benefits, challenges, and future prospects.Introduction:The concept of cloud computing refers to the delivery of on-demand computing services over the internet, from thesimplest email applications to the most complex data analysis. It has become an integral part of our daily lives, from personal use to large-scale business operations.Benefits of Cloud Computing:1. Cost-Effectiveness: One of the most significant advantages of cloud computing is its cost-saving potential. Byeliminating the need for expensive hardware and software, businesses can reduce their IT costs significantly.2. Scalability: Cloud services can be easily scaled up ordown according to the needs of the organization, providing flexibility and adaptability to changing demands.3. Accessibility: Data stored in the cloud can be accessedfrom anywhere with an internet connection, allowing forgreater mobility and collaboration among team members.4. Disaster Recovery: Cloud computing offers robust backupand recovery solutions, ensuring that data is not lost in theevent of a disaster.Challenges of Cloud Computing:1. Security Concerns: With data being stored on remote servers, there are concerns about the security and privacy of sensitive information.2. Dependency on Internet Connectivity: Cloud computing is heavily reliant on a stable and fast internet connection, which can be a limitation in areas with poor connectivity.3. Compliance and Legal Issues: Organizations must ensurethat their cloud service providers comply with local and international laws and regulations regarding data protection.Future Prospects:As technology continues to evolve, the future of cloud computing is expected to bring about even more sophisticated services and solutions. The integration of cloud computing with emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things (IoT) is likely to unlock new possibilities and further transform various industries.Conclusion:In conclusion, cloud computing has become a cornerstone of modern technological infrastructure. While it presentscertain challenges, its benefits have made it an indispensable tool for individuals and businesses alike. As we look to the future, the continued development and adoption of cloud computing are poised to shape the technological landscape in profound ways.。
英语作文 关于云计算
英语作文关于云计算Cloud Computing。
With the rapid development of technology, cloud computing has become a popular topic in recent years. It refers to the delivery of computing services, including storage, software, and processing power, over the internet. In other words, instead of using local servers or personal computers, users can access data and applications from any device with an internet connection.One of the main advantages of cloud computing is its flexibility. Users can easily scale up or down their computing resources according to their needs. This means that businesses can quickly respond to changes in demand without having to invest in expensive hardware or software. Additionally, cloud computing can improve collaboration and productivity by allowing multiple users to access and work on the same data and applications simultaneously.Another benefit of cloud computing is its cost-effectiveness. By using shared resources, users can reduce their IT expenses and only pay for what they use. This makes it an attractive option for small businesses and startups that may not have the resources to invest in their own IT infrastructure.However, there are also some challenges and concerns associated with cloud computing. One of the biggest concerns is data security. Storing sensitive information on remote servers can make it vulnerable to hacking and other cyber threats. Therefore, it is important for users to choose a reputable cloud provider and implement strong security measures to protect their data.Another challenge is the potential for downtime and service disruptions. Since cloud computing relies on internet connectivity, any interruptions in service can cause delays and disruptions for users. To mitigate this risk, users should choose a provider with a reliable network and backup systems in place.In conclusion, cloud computing has revolutionized the way we access and use computing resources. While there are some challenges and concerns to consider, the benefits of cloud computing are clear. It offers flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and improved collaboration and productivity, making it an attractive option for businesses and individuals alike.。
Above the Clouds A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing-EECS-2009-28 中文版
编者按：中国电子学会云计算专家委员会自2008年成立以来，已经组织了4次各种层面的讨论会。
其中在一次关于云计算技术架构的讨论会上，来自产业界、高校和科研机构的20多位青年专家，济济一堂，就上述话题进行了热烈、深入的讨论，每个专家都把自己和所代表机构的研究成果进行了分享，来自微软公司的代表曾纳还带来了UC Berkeley高可靠适应性分布式系统实验室（UC Berkeley Reliable Adaptive Distributed Systems Laboratory） 11位学者在2月10日联合发表的一篇关于云计算的报告。
该报告从云计算基本概念、现状及未来、机遇和挑战等方面进行了较为全面的分析。
为了让更多的人分享该报告内容，云计算专委会秘书处特别委托友友系统公司总裁姚宏宇博士（）对文章进行了翻译，同时还请云计算专家委员会的专家刘鹏、窦万春、俞能海、应时等对译稿进行了审校和编辑。
由于水平及译审时间有限，错误或不准确之处难免，请各位专家批评指正。
中国电子学会副秘书长 林润华 云端之上——Berkeley对云计算的看法——UC Berkeley可靠自适应分布式系统实验室（）一、内容摘要云计算，作为要将计算变成公用设施的长期梦想，具有使IT产业发生巨变的潜能：使软件变成更具吸引力的软件服务，并塑造设计和购买IT硬件的新方式。
人们在开发互联网创新服务时，不再需要一开始就花费大量的投资来购买部署服务的硬件设备和聘用维护技术人员；他们不必担心因为高估服务受欢迎的程度而过度部署造成昂贵资源的浪费，或由于对一个广受欢迎的服务部署不足而错失潜在的客户和收入。
此外，需要处理大量成批任务的公司的程序执行规模能够扩展多少倍，得到结果的时间也就能缩短多少倍，因为1000台服务器用1小时的成本与1台服务器用1000小时没什么两样。
这种不需要额外代价就能获得的资源使用上的弹性，在IT历史上是前所未有的。
云计算既指在互联网上以服务方式提供的应用系统程序，又指在数据中心用来提供这些服务的硬件和系统软件。
云技术的作文
云技术的作文Cloud computing has revolutionized the way we store, access, and share data, offering unprecedented flexibility and scalability. 云技术已经彻底改变了我们存储、访问和共享数据的方式，提供了前所未有的灵活性和可扩展性。
With cloud computing, individuals and organizations can store vast amounts of data securely in remote servers, accessible anytime, anywhere.通过云技术，个人和组织可以安全地在远程服务器上存储大量数据，随时随地访问。
This technology enables seamless collaboration and real-time updates, enhancing work efficiency and productivity.这项技术实现了无缝协作和实时更新，提高了工作效率和生产力。
Moreover, cloud computing offers cost-effective solutions, eliminating the need for expensive hardware and software investments.此外，云技术还提供了成本效益高的解决方案，消除了对昂贵硬件和软件投资的需求。
In conclusion, cloud computing is a powerful tool that transforms the way we work and interact with data, making it more accessible, efficient, and cost-effective.总之，云技术是一种强大的工具，改变了我们工作和处理数据的方式，使其更加便捷、高效和成本效益高。
英语作文 云计算
英语作文云计算Cloud computing, as a revolutionary technology, has been gaining more and more attention and popularity in recent years. It has brought about significant changes and improvements in various aspects of our daily lives and business operations. In this essay, we will explore the concept of cloud computing, its benefits, and its impact on the way we work and live.Cloud computing is a technology that allows users to access and store data, applications, and services over the internet instead of on their personal computer or local server. This means that users can access their files and applications from anywhere with an internet connection, and they don't need to worry about the physical storage or maintenance of the data. The cloud computing model is based on the idea of shared resources, allowing multiple users to access the same resources simultaneously.One of the main benefits of cloud computing is itscost-effectiveness. With cloud computing, businesses and individuals can save money on hardware, software, and IT infrastructure. Instead of investing in expensive hardware and software, users can pay for cloud services on a subscription basis, which can be more affordable and flexible. This can be especially beneficial for small businesses and startups that may not have the resources to invest in expensive IT infrastructure.Another benefit of cloud computing is its scalability and flexibility. Cloud services can easily scale up or down based on the needs of the user, allowing for greater flexibility and agility. This means that businesses can quickly adapt to changes in demand and scale their IT resources accordingly. Additionally, cloud computing allows for remote work and collaboration, as users can accesstheir files and applications from anywhere with an internet connection.In addition to its cost-effectiveness and flexibility, cloud computing also offers improved security and reliability. Cloud service providers invest in state-of-the-art security measures to protect their users' data, which can be more secure than traditional on-premises solutions. Additionally, cloud services often come withbuilt-in backup and disaster recovery solutions, ensuring that users' data is safe and accessible at all times.The impact of cloud computing on the way we work andlive is significant. With the ability to access files and applications from anywhere, cloud computing has enabled remote work and collaboration, allowing employees to work from home or on the go. This has the potential to improve work-life balance and reduce commuting time and costs. Additionally, cloud computing has enabled the rise of new business models and services, such as software as a service (SaaS) and platform as a service (PaaS), which have transformed the way businesses operate and deliver services.In conclusion, cloud computing is a revolutionary technology that has brought about significant changes and improvements in the way we work and live. Its cost-effectiveness, scalability, flexibility, security, and reliability make it an attractive option for businesses andindividuals alike. As cloud computing continues to evolve, its impact on the way we work and live is likely to grow even more significant in the future.。
英语作文介绍云计算
英语作文介绍云计算Cloud computing is a rapidly evolving technology that has transformed the way businesses and individuals store and process data. It refers to the delivery of computing services over the internet, which includes servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence. Here's an introduction to cloud computing in an essay format:The Rise of Cloud ComputingIn the digital age, the demand for efficient and scalable computing solutions has never been higher. Cloud computinghas emerged as a revolutionary approach to meet these demands, offering a wide range of benefits that have reshaped the technological landscape.Definition and FunctionalityAt its core, cloud computing is the practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or personal computer. This model allows users to access and use computing resources on-demand, similar to a utility service such as electricity or water.Types of Cloud ServicesCloud computing services are typically categorized into three main service models:1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): This provides virtualized computing resources over the internet. Users can rent hardware, storage, and networking components on a pay-as-you-go basis.2. Platform as a Service (PaaS): This extends beyond infrastructure to offer a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage applications without the complexity of building and maintaining the infrastructure.3. Software as a Service (SaaS): This is the most common form of cloud computing, where software applications are hosted centrally and made available to users over the internet.Benefits of Cloud ComputingThe adoption of cloud computing offers numerous advantages, such as:- Cost Efficiency: By eliminating the need for physical infrastructure, businesses can reduce upfront costs and scale resources as needed.- Scalability: Cloud services can be easily scaled up or down to match the demands of the business, ensuring optimal resource utilization.- Accessibility: Data and applications are accessible from anywhere with an internet connection, promoting mobility andflexibility.- Reliability: Cloud providers typically offer robustsecurity measures and data redundancy to ensure dataintegrity and availability.Challenges and ConsiderationsDespite its benefits, cloud computing also presents challenges such as data security, privacy concerns, and the potential for vendor lock-in. Organizations must carefully evaluate their cloud strategy to ensure compliance with legal and regulatory requirements.Future of Cloud ComputingAs technology continues to advance, the future of cloud computing looks promising. Innovations like hybrid cloud models, which combine on-premises infrastructure with cloud services, are becoming increasingly popular. Additionally, the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning into cloud services is expected to further enhance their capabilities.In conclusion, cloud computing has become an indispensable part of modern computing, offering flexibility, cost savings, and scalability. As businesses continue to embrace cloud technologies, it is crucial to stay informed about the latest trends and best practices to harness the full potential of this transformative technology.This essay provides a comprehensive introduction to cloud computing, discussing its definition, types, benefits, challenges, and future prospects.。
Cloud-computing云计算本科毕业论文
传统模式下，企业建立一套IT系统不仅仅需要购买硬件等基础设施，还有买软件的许可证，需要专门的人员维护.当企业的规模扩大时还要继续升级各种软硬件设施以满足需要。
对于企业来说，计算机等硬件和软件本身并非他们真正需要的，它们仅仅是完成工作、提供效率的工具而已。
云计算（Cloud Computing）是由分布式计算（DistributedComputing）、并行处理（Parallel Computing）、网格计算（Grid Computing）发展来的，是一种新兴的商业计算模型摘要本文首先介绍了云计算的定义，产生的原动力，原理及特点，对云计算有一个大致的了解。
其次介绍了云计算的核心技术与服务模式,对云计算深层次的了解.最后介绍了云计算的应用于信息安全，概述云计算的发展前景。
在文章的末尾给出了高性能计算和分布式计算,从侧面对云计算作进一步了解.关键词：核心技术，应用，信息安全,高性能计算，分布式计算AbstractThis paper firstly introduces the definition of computing clouds，produces prime mover, principle and characteristics of cloud computing, a roughly understanding。
Secondly introduces cloud computing core technology and the service mode of cloud computing，in-depth understanding。
At last，the paper introduces the application of cloud computing in information security, outlining computing clouds development prospects.The end of the article gives the high performance computing and distributed computing, from the side further understanding of cloud computing。
介绍云计算的英语作文
介绍云计算的英语作文Cloud computing, as a revolutionary technology, has brought significant changes to the way we store, access,and process data. It has become an integral part of ourdaily lives, impacting various industries and sectors. In this essay, we will explore the concept of cloud computing, its benefits, and its implications for the future.Cloud computing refers to the delivery of computing services, including storage, servers, databases, networking, software, and analytics, over the internet. Instead of owning physical hardware and software, users can access these resources on a pay-as-you-go basis from a cloudservice provider. This model offers several advantages,such as scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. With cloud computing, businesses can quickly scale their infrastructure to meet changing demands, access resources from anywhere with an internet connection, and reducecapital expenses by paying only for the resources they use.One of the key benefits of cloud computing is itsability to drive innovation and digital transformation. By leveraging cloud services, organizations can experimentwith new ideas, develop and deploy applications faster, and improve collaboration among teams. This has led to the emergence of new business models and the creation of innovative solutions that have disrupted traditional industries. For example, cloud computing has enabled therise of Software as a Service (SaaS) companies, whichdeliver software applications over the internet,eliminating the need for on-premises installation and maintenance.Furthermore, cloud computing has had a profound impact on data storage and management. With the proliferation of data in today's digital age, organizations are increasingly turning to cloud storage solutions to handle large volumesof data. Cloud storage offers high availability, durability, and security, making it an attractive option for businesses seeking to safeguard their data. Moreover, cloud-based data analytics tools have enabled organizations to derive valuable insights from their data, leading to informeddecision-making and improved business outcomes.In addition to its business applications, cloud computing has also transformed the way individuals consume and interact with technology. Cloud-based services such as streaming media, social networking, and online gaming have become an integral part of our digital experiences. These services rely on the scalability and reliability of cloud infrastructure to deliver seamless and immersive user experiences. As a result, cloud computing has become an enabler of digital entertainment, social connectivity, and online collaboration.Looking ahead, the future of cloud computing holds even greater potential. As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see further innovations in cloud services, such as the integration of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and edge computing. These developments willenable more intelligent and autonomous applications, aswell as the processing of data closer to the source,leading to lower latency and improved performance. Moreover, the ongoing expansion of cloud infrastructure and theadoption of hybrid and multi-cloud strategies will provide organizations with greater flexibility and resilience in managing their IT resources.In conclusion, cloud computing has transformed the way we store, access, and process data, driving innovation, and digital transformation across industries. Its scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness have made it a compelling choice for businesses and individuals alike. As we look to the future, the continued evolution of cloud computing will bring about new opportunities and challenges, shaping the way we interact with technology and the digital world.。
云计算中英文术语
云计算中英文术语云计算中英文术语本文档旨在提供云计算中常见的中英文术语，方便读者查阅和使用。
以下是详细的分类和解释：1.云计算基础 (Cloud Computing Basics)1.1 云计算 (Cloud Computing)云计算是一种基于互联网的计算模式，通过共享大量的计算资源，提供灵活的计算能力和存储服务。
1.2 云服务提供商 (Cloud Service Provider)云服务提供商是指提供云计算服务的公司或组织，例如亚马逊云服务 (Amazon Web Services) 和微软 Azure。
1.3 虚拟化 (Virtualization)虚拟化是将物理计算资源虚拟化为多个虚拟资源的技术，通过隔离和共享资源，提高资源的利用率和灵活性。
1.4 弹性计算 (Elastic Computing)弹性计算是指根据实际需求动态调整计算资源的能力，使系统能够在负载波动时保持稳定。
2.云服务模型 (Cloud Service Models)2.1 基础设施即服务 (Infrastructure as a Service, IaaS)基础设施即服务是一种云计算模式，提供基础的计算、存储和网络资源，用户可根据需求自由配置运行环境。
2.2 平台即服务 (Platform as a Service, PaaS)平台即服务是一种云计算模式，提供开发和运行应用程序的平台环境，用户只需关注应用程序的开发和部署，无需关心底层基础设施。
2.3 软件即服务 (Software as a Service, SaaS)软件即服务是一种云计算模式，提供基于互联网的软件应用，用户无需安装和维护软件，只需通过浏览器访问即可使用。
3.云计算部署模型 (Cloud Deployment Models)3.1 公共云 (Public Cloud)公共云是由云服务提供商提供的在公共网络上访问的共享资源，多个客户共享同一组硬件设备和软件服务。
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Technical Report on Cloud ComputingCloud computing has served the needs of enterprise web applications for the last few years. The term “cloud computing” has been used to refer to a number of different concepts (e.g., MapReduce, public clouds, private clouds, etc.), technologies (e.g., virtualization, Apache Hadoop), and service models (e.g., Infrastructureas-a-Service [IaaS], Platform-as-a-Service [PaaS], Software-as-a-Service[SaaS]). Clouds have been shown to provide a number of key benefits including cost savings, rapid elasticity, ease of use, and reliability. Cloud computing has been particularly successful with customers lacking significant IT infrastructure or customers who have quickly outgrown their existing capacity.The open-ended nature of scientific exploration and the increasing role of computing in performing science has resulted in a growing need for computing resources. There has been an increasing interest over the last few years in evaluating the use of cloud computing to address these demands. In addition, there are a number of key features of cloud environments that are attractive to some scientific applications. For example, a number of scientific applications have specific software requirements including OS version dependencies, compilers and libraries, and the users require the flexibility associated with custom software environments that virtualized environments can provide. An example of this is the Supernova Factory, which relies on large data volumes for the supernova search and has a code base which consists of a large number of custom modules. The complexity of the pipeline necessitates having specific library and OS versions. Virtualized environments also promise to provide a portable container that will enable scientists to share an environment with collaborators. For example, the ATLAS experiment, a particle physics experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, is investigating the use of virtual machine images for distribution of all required software [10]. Similarly, the MapReduce model holds promise for data-intensive applications. Thus, cloud computing models promise to be an avenue to address new categories of scientific applications, including data-intensive science applications, on-demand/surge computing, and applications that require customized software environments. A number of groups in the scientific community have investigated and tracked how the cloud software and business model might impact the services offered to the scientific community. However, there is a limited understanding of how to operate and use clouds, how to port scientific workflows, and how to determine the cost/benefit trade-offs of clouds, etc. for scientific applications.The Magellan project was funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act to investigate the applicability of cloud computing for the Department of Energy’s Office of Science (DOE SC) applications. Magellan is a joint project at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility (ALCF) and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC). Over the last two years we have evaluated various dimensions of clouds—cloud models such as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) andPlatform as a Service(PaaS), virtual software stacks, MapReduce and its open source implementation (Hadoop). We evaluated these on various criteria including stability, manageability, and security from a resource provider perspective, and performance and usability from an end-user perspective.Cloud computing has similarities with other distributed computing models such as grid and utility computing. However, the use of virtualization technology, the MapReduce programming model, and tools such as Eucalyptus and Hadoop, require us to study the impact of cloud computing on scientific environments. The Magellan project has focused on understanding the unique requirements of DOE science applications and the role cloud computing can play in scientific communities. However the identified gaps and challenges apply more broadly to scientific applications using cloud environments.Cloud computing is ultimately a business model, but cloud models often provide additional capabilities and flexibility that are helpful to certain workloads. DOE labs and centers should consider adopting and integrating these features of cloud computing into their operations in order to support more diverse workloads and further enable scientific discovery, without sacrificing the productivity and effectiveness of computing platforms that have been optimized for science over decades of development and refinement. If cases emerge where this approach is not sufficient to meet the needs of the scientists, a private cloud computing strategy should be considered first, since it can provide many of the benefits of commercial clouds while avoiding many of the open challenges concerning security, data management, and performance of public clouds.Reference material：From network。