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托福考试阅读模拟试题

托福考试阅读模拟试题2017年托福考试阅读模拟试题做一个有实力的'人，不要让今天的懒惰成为明天的痛。

下面是店铺为大家搜索整理的托福阅读模拟试题，希望大家能有所收获，Questions 32-40Considered the most influential architect of his time, Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) was born in the small rural community of Richland Center, Wisconsin. He entered the University of Wisconsin at the age of 15 as a special student, studying engineering because the school had no course in architecture. At the age of 20 he then went to work as a draughtsman in Chicago in order to learn the traditional, classical language of architecture. After marrying into a wealthy business family at the age of 21, Wright set up house in an exclusive neighborhood in Chicago, and after a few years of working for a number of architectural firms, set up his own architectural office.For twenty years he brought up a family of six children upstairs, and ran a thriving architectural practice of twelve or so draughtsmen downstairs. Here, in an idyllic American suburb, with giant oaks, sprawling lawns, and no fences, Wright built some sixty rambling homes by the year 1900. He became the leader of a style known as the "Prairie" school - houses with low-pitched roofs and extended lines that blended into the landscape and typified his style of "organic architecture".By the age of forty-one, in 1908, Wright had achieved extraordinary social and professional success. He gave countless lectures at major universities, and started his Taliesin Fellowship - a visionary social workshop in itself. In 1938 he appeared on the cover of Time magazine, and later, on a two cent stamp. The mostspectacular buildings of his mature period were based on forms borrowed from nature, and the intentions were clearly romantic, poetic, and intensely personal. Examples of these buildings are Tokyo's Imperial Hotel (1915-22: demolished 1968), and New York City's Guggenheim Museum (completed 1959). He continued working until his death in 1959, at the age of 92, although in his later years, he spent as much time giving interviews and being a celebrity, as he did in designing buildings. Wright can be considered an essentially idiosyncratic architect whose influence was immense but whose pupils were few.32. With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?(a) the development of modern architecture in America(b) the contributions of the "Prairie" School to modern architecture(c) the life and achievements of a famous architect(d) the influence of the style of "organic architecture" in America33. Frank Lloyd Wright first worked as a draughtsman because(a) for twenty years he lived above his shop and employed draughtsmen(b) to learn the language of architecture(c) that is what he studied at the University of Wisconsin(d) that is the work of new employees in architectural firms34. The word "some" in line 11 is closest in meaning to(a) around(b) over(c) nearly(d) exactly35. According to the passage, an idyllic American suburb is(a) based on forms borrowed from nature(b) blended into the landscape(c) giant oaks, sprawling lawns, and no fences(d) houses with low-pitched reefs and extended lines36. The word "blended" in line 13 is closest in meaning to(a) dug(b) cut(c) imposed(d) merged37. The word "itself" in line 17 refers to(a) social workshop(b) Taliesin Fellowship(c) He(d) Major universities38. The word "idiosyncratic" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(a) idiotic(b) idealistic(c) individualistic(d) independent39. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?(a) the Taliesin Fellowship was a grant of money(b) many of Wright's architectural ideas have not been taken up by others(c) Wright used his wife's money to set up his own architectural office in an exclusive neighborhood in Chicago(d) Some of Wright's most notable buildings have been demolished because they were not popular40. All of the following about Frank Lloyd Wright are trueEXCEPT(a) he became the leader of a style known as "organic architecture"。

托福考试阅读模拟试题及答案

托福考试阅读模拟试题及答案PARAGRAPH 1 The earliest of the city states of the ancient Near East appeared at the southern end of the Mesopotamian plain, the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is now Iraq. It was here that the civilization known as Sumer emerged in its earliest form in the fifth millennium. At first sight, the plain did not appear to be a likely home for a civilization. There were few natural resources, no timber, stone, or metals.Rainfall was limited, and what water there was rushed across the plain in the annual flood of melted snow. As the plain fell only 20 meters in 500 kilometers, the beds of the rivers shifted constantly. It was this that made the organization of irrigation, particularly the building of canals to channel and preserve the water, essential. Once this was done and the silt carried down by the rivers was planted, the rewards were rich: four to five times whatrain-fed earth would produce. It was these conditions that allowed an elite to emerge, probably as an organizing class, and to sustain itself through the control of surplus crops. PARAGRAPH 2 It is difficult to isolate the factors that led to the next development—the emergence ofurban settlements. The earliest, that of Eridu, about 4500 B.C.E., and Uruk, a thousand years later, center on impressive temple complexes built of mud brick. In some way, the elite had associated themselves with the power of the gods. Uruk, for instance, had two patron gods—Anu, the god of the sky and sovereign of all other gods, and inanna, a goddess of love and war—and there were others, patrons of different cities. Human beings were at their mercy. The biblical story of the Flood may originate in Sumer. In the earliest version, the gods destroy the human race because its clamor had been so disturbing to them. PARAGRAPH 3 It used to be believed that before 3000 B.C.E. thepolitical and economic life of the cities was centered on their temples, but it now seems probable that the cities had secular rulers from earliest times. Within the city lived administrators, craftspeople, and merchants. (Trading was important, as so many raw materials, the semiprecious stones for the decoration of the temples, timbers for roofs, and all metals, had to be imported.) An increasingly sophisticated system of administration led in about 3300 B.C.E. to the appearance of writing. The earliest script was based on logograms, with a symbol being used to expressa whole word. The logograms were incised on damp clay tablets with a stylus with a wedge shape at its end. (The Romans called the shape cuneus and this gives the scriptits name of cuneiform.) Two thousand logograms have been recorded from these early centuries of writing. A more economical approach was to use a sign to express not a whole word but a single syllable. (To take an example: the Sumerian word for" head" was "sag." Whenever a word including a syllable in which the sound "sag" was to be written, the sign for "sag" could be used to express that syllable with the remaining syllables of the word expressed by other signs.) By 2300 B.C.E. the number of signs required had been reduced to 600, and the range of words that could be expressed had widened. Texts dealing with economic matters predominated, as they always had done; but at this point works of theology, g literature, history, and law also appeared. PARAGRAPH 4 Other innovations of the late fourth millennium include the wheel, probably developed first as a more efficient way of making pottery and then transferred to transport. A tablet engraved about 3000 B.C.E. provides the earliest known example from Sumer, a roofed boxlike sledge mounted on four solid wheels. Amajor development was the discovery, again about 3000B.C.E., that if copper, which had been known in Mesopotamia since about 3500 B.C.E., was mixed with tin, a much harder metal, bronze, would result. Although copper and stonetools continued to be used, bronze was far more successful in creating sharp edges that could be used as anything from saws and scythes to weapons. The period from 3000 to 1000 B.C.E., when the use of bronze became I widespread, is normally referred to as the Bronze Age. PARAGRAPH 1 The earliest of the city states of the ancient Near East appeared at the southern end of the Mesopotamian plain, the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is now Iraq. It was here that the civilization known as Sumer emerged in its earliest form in the fifth millennium. At first sight, the plain did not appear to be a likely home for a civilization. There were few natural resources, no timber, stone, or metals. Rainfall was limited, and what water there was rushed across the plain in the annual flood of melted snow. As the plain fell only 20 meters in 500 kilometers, the beds of the rivers shifted constantly. It was this that made the organization of irrigation, particularly the building of canals to channel and preservethe water, essential. Once this was done and the silt carried down by the rivers was planted, the rewards were rich: four to five times what rain-fed earth would produce. It was these conditions that allowed an elite to emerge, probably as an organizing class, and to sustain itself through the control of surplus crops. PARAGRAPH 1The earliest of the city states of the ancient Near East appeared at the southern end of the Mesopotamian plain, the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is now Iraq. It was here that the civilization known as Sumer emerged in its earliest form in the fifth millennium. At first sight, the plain did not appear to be a likely home for a civilization. There were few natural resources, no timber, stone, or metals. Rainfall was limited, and what water there was rushed across the plain in the annual flood of melted snow. As the plain fell only 20 meters in 500 kilometers, the beds of the rivers shifted constantly. It was this that made the organization of irrigation, particularly the building of canals to channel and preserve the water, essential. Once this was done and the silt carried down by the rivers was planted, the rewards were rich: four to five times what rain-fed earth would produce.It was these conditions that allowed an elite to emerge, probably as an organizing class, and to sustain itself through the control of surplus crops. 1、Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as a disadvantage of the Mesopotamian plain? There was not very much rainfall for most of the year. Melting snow caused flooding every year. The silt deposited by rivers damaged crops. Timber, stone and metals were notreadily available. 2、According to paragraph 1, which of the following made it possible for an elite to emerge? New crops were developed that were better suited to conditions on the Mesopotamian plain. The richest individuals managed to gain control of the most valuable cropland. Control over the few available natural resources made some people four to five times richer than everyone else. The building of canals to increase agricultural output required organization. 3、The word "sustain" in the passage is closest in meaning todefend promote maintain transform PARAGRAPH 2 It is difficult to isolate the factors that led to the next development—the emergence of urban settlements. The earliest, that of Eridu, about 4500B.C.E., and Uruk, a thousand years later, center on impressive temple complexes built of mud brick. In some way, the elite had associated themselves with the power of the gods. Uruk, for instance, had two patron gods—Anu, the god of the sky and sovereign of all other gods, and inanna, a goddess of love and war—and there were others, patrons of different cities. Human beings were at their mercy. The biblical story of the Flood may originate in Sumer. In the earliest version, the gods destroy the human race because its clamor had been so disturbing to them. 4、According to paragraph 2, Eridu and Uruk are examples of urban settlements that lacked the features usually found in other early urban settlements f developed around religious buildings grew much more rapidly than most of the urban settlements found in Sumer were mysteriously destroyed and abandoned 5、The word "sovereign" in the passage is closest in meaning to counselor master defender creator PARAGRAPH 3 It used to be believed that before 3000 B.C.E. the political and economic life of the cities was centered on their temples, but it now seems probable that the cities had secular rulers from earliest times. Within the city lived administrators,craftspeople, and merchants. (Trading was important, as so many raw materials, the semiprecious stones for the decoration of the temples, timbers for roofs, and all metals, had to be imported.) An increasingly sophisticated system of administration led in about 3300 B.C.E. to the appearance of writing. The earliest script was based on logograms, with a symbol being used to express a whole word. The logograms were incised on damp clay tablets with a stylus with a wedge shape at its end. (The Romans called the shape cuneus and this gives the script its name of cuneiform.) Two thousand logograms have been recorded from these early centuries of writing. A more economical approach was to use a sign to express not a whole word but a single syllable. (To take an example: the Sumerian word for" head" was "sag." Whenever a word including a syllable in which the sound "sag" was to be written, the sign for "sag" could be used to express that syllable with the remaining syllables of the word expressed by other signs.) By 2300 B.C.E. the number of signs required had been reduced to 600, and the range of words that could be expressed had widened. Texts dealing with economic matters predominated, as they always had done; but at this pointworks of theology, g literature, history, and law also appeared. 6、According to paragraph 3, which of the following led to the appearance of writing? An increasingly sophisticated administrative system Coordination between secular and religious leaders The large volume of trade, particularly imports A rapidly expanding and changing population Paragraph 3 is marked with7、 In paragraph 3, why does the author provide the information that the number of signs in use had dropped from 2,000 to 600 by 2300 B.C.E.? To argue that the development of writing involved periods of growth followed by periods of decline To demonstrate that earlier written texts used a larger vocabulary than later texts, which were aimed at a broader audience | To support the claim that the range of words expressed by logograms varied widely depending on time period and type of text To provide evidence for the increased efficiency of using signs to express syllables rather than whole words 8、According to paragraph 3, ancient texts most commonly dealt with theology literature economics law PARAGRAPH 4 Other innovations of the late fourthmillennium include the wheel, probably developed first as a more efficient way of making pottery and then transferred to transport. A tablet engraved about 3000 B.C.E. provides the earliest known example from Sumer, a roofed boxlike sledge mounted on four solid wheels. A major development was the discovery, again about 3000 B.C.E., that if copper, which had been known in Mesopotamia since about 3500B.C.E., was mixed with tin, a much harder metal, bronze, would result. Although copper and stone tools continued to be used, bronze was far more successful in creating sharp edges that could be used as anything from saws and scythes to weapons. The period from 3000 to 1000 B.C.E., when the use of bronze became I widespread, is normally referred to as the Bronze Age. 9、According to paragraph 4, the earliest wheels probably were first developed in areas outside Mesopotamia were used to make pottery appeared on boxlike sledges were used to transport goods between cities 10、The word "engraved* in the passage is closest in meaning to carved produced dated discovered 11、 Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change themeaning in important ways or leave out essential information. Also around 3000 B.C.E., it was discovered that mixing copper, known from about 3500 B.C.E., with tin would create a much harder metal known as bronze.Although copper had been known since 3500 B.C.E in Mesopotamia, the discovery of bronze did not occur until around 3000 B.C.E. Another major development around 3000 B.C.E. was the discovery that copper could be mixed with a much harder metal known as tin. The development of bronze by mixing copper and tin probably occurred around 3000 B.C.E. but may have happened as early as 3500 B.C.E. 12、The word "widespread" in the passage is closest in meaning to obvious significant necessary common 13、Look at the four squares [ ■ ]that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. City life was diverse, and the population was engaged in a variety of occupations. PARAGRAPH 3 It used to be believed that before 3000 B.C.E. the political and economic life of the cities was centered on their temples, but it now seems probable that the cities had secular rulers from earliest times. ■ Within the city lived administrators, craftspeople, and merchants. (Trading was important, as somany raw materials, the semiprecious stones for the decoration of the temples, timbers for roofs, and all metals, had to be imported.) ■ An increasingly sophisticated system of administration led in about 3300 B.C.E. to the appearance of writing. ■ The earliest script was based on logograms, with a symbol being used to express a whole word. ■ The logograms were incised on damp clay tablets with a stylus with a wedge shape at its end. (The Romans called the shape cuneus and this gives the scriptits name of cuneiform.) Two thousand logograms have been recorded from these early centuries of writing. A more economical approach was to use a sign to express not a whole word but a single syllable. (To take an example: the Sumerian word for" head" was "sag." Whenever a word including a syllable in which the sound "sag" was to be written, the sign for "sag" could be used to express that syllable with the remaining syllables of the word expressed by other signs.) By 2300 B.C.E. the number of signs required had been reduced to 600, and the range of words that could be expressed had widened. Texts dealing with economic matters predominated, as they always had done; but at this point works of theology, g literature, history, andlaw also appeared. 14、Direction: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Irrigation made it possible for the civilization known as sumer to arise on the Mesopotamian plain in the fifth millennium B.C.E. Answer Choices A. The scarcity of natural resources on the plain made it necessary for a powerful elite to emerge and take charge of trade and imports. B. The economy of each city was based on a craft such as pottery or metal working, and the city of Eridu was known for its saws, scythes and weapons.C. Writing appeared in the form of logograms and later developed into a system using signs to represent syllables rather than whole words.D. Priests were powerful figures in the ancient civilization and controlled the political and economic life of the cities.E. The earliest city states had one or more patron gods and were built around central temple complexeF. The developmentof the wheel and the creation of bronze were important innovations in Sumer。

小托福阅读：小托福阅读模拟题及备考技巧分享

小托福阅读：小托福阅读模拟题及备考技巧分享阅读题在小托福考试中是很重要的一项，考生想要在阅读中取得高分的话，一定要掌握一些技巧，多做一些练习题，下文分享的就是小托福阅读模拟题和备考技巧，一起阅读下吧!小托福阅读模拟题：Sample 1Passage:AnnouncementOn Saturday, december 12th, from 10A.M.until 4 P.M.,Carverton Middle School will be holding a music festival inthe school gymnasium. The special event will feature a variety of professionalmusicians and singers.We are looking for Carverton student to help with the jobs. Interested studentsshould speak with Ms. Braxton, the music teacher. Students who would like tohelp at the festival must have written permission from a parent of guardian.Why did the author write the announcement?(A) There will be a music festival to be held on Saturday.(B) The school is looking forward for some volunteers to help with the jobs atthe music festival.(C) The music teacher wants written permission from students’ parents.(D) There will be a variety of professional musicians and singers attending themusic festival.答案：BSample 2Passage Excerpt:“...How can so few basic tastes give to the enormous number of flavors weexperiment? This is possible because the basic tastes combine in differentproprotions. Compare this to colors. There are only three basiccolors------yellow, red, and blue-----but when mixed in different ways andproportions, these three basic colors are suffecient to create the vast arrayof colors that we see every day....”Why does the author mention colors?(A) to suggest that tasty foods are often colorful(B) to help explain how so many tastes are created(C) to dicuss how colors are used to decorate foods(D) to argue that people often associate colors with tastes答案：BSample 3Passage Excerpt:“...In fact, what we perceive as taste often involves smell more than the tasteexperienced through the tongue. This is why foods with strong tastes often seembland to people who, due to a stuffy nose, cannot smell them. For example,cinnamon tastes quite mild to people who cannot enjoy its fragrant smell. Thesame is true of drinks, like hot coffee or tea, which taste best when they canbe smelled as well as tasted...?What does the author imply about cinnamon?(A) It can relieve a stuffy nose(B) It can have a very strong taste(C) It should be kept in a cool place(D) It tastes better in large qunantities答案：A小托福阅读备考技巧：第1，增加词汇量提高阅读速度在小托福的备考中，词汇量学习是最为基础的，因此，考生一定要注意扩展自己的词汇量。

小托福考试阅读模拟题及备考技巧分享

小托福考试阅读模拟题及备考技巧分享在小托福考试中，阅读是考生最容易得分的部分了。

因此，考生一定要多多练习，以下为考生分享的就是小托福考试阅读模拟题和备考技巧了，一起来涨知识吧!——小托福考试阅读模拟题：阅读材料（Reading material）：Can you remember the first time you learned to ride a bike or drive a car? Learning these skills changed your life forever and opened up new horizons. Learning about computers can be like learning how to ride a bike or drive a car. Once you have invested the time to master the skills, you will never go back to the old days. The new technology is simply too convenient and too powerful.Technological developments through the years have enabled us to do more with less effort. We have continuously looked for better ways of doing things. Each invention and new development has allowed us to extend our capabilities. Today we see one of the most dramatic technologies ever developed—the computer. It extends the capabilities of our minds.Computers have saved organizations millions of dollars. Furthermore, these same computer systems have opened up new opportunities that would have gone undiscovered or neglected. The computer may multiply what we can do, and the return on investment is high. The growth of computer usage is surprising. On the other hand, the computer can do serious damage. Invasion of privacy, fraud, and computer-related mistakes are just a few shocking examples.The computer is like a double-edged sword. It has the ability to cut us free from some activities, but it can also cut deep into profits, personal privacy, and our society in general. How it is used is not a function of technology. It is strictly a function of how people decide to use or misuse this new technology. The choice is yours, and only through a knowledge of computer systems will you be able to avoid the dangers while enjoying the many, many benefits of the computer age.Background Information(背景信息)：计算机(computer)俗称电脑，是一种用于高速计算的电子计算机器，可以进行数值计算，又可以进行逻辑计算，还具有存储记忆功能。

托福阅读模拟题（八）3

What makes it rain? Rain falls from clouds for the same reason anything falls to Earth. The Earth’s gravity pulls it. But every cloud is made of water droplets or ice crystals. Why doesn’t rain or snow fall constantly from all clouds? The droplets or ice crystals in clouds are exceedingly small. The effect or gravity on them is minute. Air currents move and lift droplets so that the net downward displacement is zero, even though the droplets are in constant motion. Droplets and ice crystals behave somewhat like dust in the air made visible in a shaft of sunlight. To the casual observer, dust seems to act in a totally random fashion, moving about chaotically without fixed direction. But in fact dust particles are much larger than water droplets and they finally fall. The average size of a cloud droplet is only 0.0004 inch in diameter. It is so small that it would take sixteen hours to fall half a mile in perfectly still air, and it does not fall out of moving air at all. Only when the droplet grows to diameter of 0.008 inch or larger can it fall from the cloud. The average raindrop contains a million times as much water as a tiny cloud droplet. The growth of a cloud droplet to a size large enough to fall out is the cause of rain and other forms of precipitation. This important growth process is called "coalescence. 23. What is the main topic of the passage? (A) The mechanics of rain (B) The weather patterns of North America (C) How Earth s gravity affects agriculture (D) Types of clouds 24.The word "minute in line 4 is closest in meaning to which of the following? (A) second (B) tiny (C) slow (D) steady。

你要找的小托福考试阅读模拟题在这里

你要找的小托福考试阅读模拟题在这里！小托福的词汇量和语法难度相当于大学英语四级的水平，如果考生想要考一个好成绩，一定要多多练习，下文分享的就是小托福考试阅读模拟题，一起阅读下吧~在阅读部分，文章会涉及到人文学科、科学、社会科学等内容，学生要注意掌握文章主要内容，抓住关键点，了解作者意图并进行推理。

同时，阅读部分的文章形式也十分多样，如电子邮件、信件、新闻、学生写作、广告、日程表等，学生需要在平时积累一些关于习惯用语的表达。

小托福考试阅读模拟题：模拟题1：Outflow channels are probably relics of catastrophic flooding on Mars long ago. They appear only in equatorial regions and generally do not form extensive interconnected networks. Instead, they are probably the paths taken by huge volumes of water draining from the southern highlands into the northern plains. The onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped “islands” (resembling the miniature versions seen in the wet sand of our beaches at low tide) that have been found on the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels. Judging from the width and depth of the channels, the flow rates must have been truly enormous-perhaps as much as a hundred times greater than the 105 tons per second carried by the great Amazon river. Flooding shaped the outflow channels approximately 3 billion years ago, about the same times as the northern volcanic plains formed. Question: According to paragraph 2, all of the following are true of the outflow channels on Mars EXCEPT:A. They formed at around the same time that volcanic activity was occurring on the northern plains.B. They are found only on certain parts of the Martian surface.C. They sometimes empty onto what appear to have once been the wet sands of tidal beaches.D. They are thought to have carried water northward from the equatorial regions.答案：C解析：题干问的是原文关于“outflow channels”的描述。

[外语类试卷]托福(阅读)模拟试卷3.doc

[外语类试卷]托福（阅读）模拟试卷3一、Sections Three：Reading Comprehension0 "Beowulf"Historical BackgroundThe epic poem Beowulf, written in Old English, is the earliest existing Germanic epic and one of four surviving Anglo-Saxon manuscripts. Although Beowulf was written by an anonymous Englishman in Old English, the tale takes place in that part of Scandinavia from which Germanic tribes emigrated to England. Beowulf comes from Geatland, the southeastern part of what is now Sweden. Hrothgar, king of the Danes, lives near what is now Leire, on Zealand, Denmark's largest island. The Beowulf epic contains three major tales about Beowulf and several minor tales that reflect a rich Germanic oral tradition of myths, legends, and folklore.The Beowulf warriors have a foot in both the Bronze and Iron Ages. Their mead-halls reflect the wealthy living of the Bronze Age Northmen, and their wooden shields, wood-shafted spears, and bronze-hilted swords are those of the Bronze Age warrior. However, they carry iron-tipped spears, and their best swords have iron or iron-edged blades. Beowulf also orders an iron shield for his fight with a dragon. Iron replaced bronze because it produced a blade with a cutting edge that was stronger and sharper. The Northmen learned how to forge iron in about 500 b.c. Although they had been superior to the European Celts in bronze work, it was the Celts who taught them how to make and design iron work. Iron was accessible everywhere in Scandinavia, usually in the form of "bog-iron" found in the layers of peat in peat bogs.The Beowulf epic also reveals interesting aspects of the lives of the Anglo-Saxons who lived in England at the time of the anonymous Beowulf poet. The Germanic tribes, including the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes, invaded England from about a.d. 450 to 600. By the time of the Beowulf poet, Anglo-Saxon society in Engiand was neither primitive nor uncultured. AAlthough the Beowulf manuscript was written in about a.d. 1000, it was not discovered until the seventeenth century. B Scholars do not know whether Beowulf is the sole surviving epic from a flourishing Anglo-Saxon literary period that produced other great epics or whether it was unique even in its own time. C Many scholars think that the epic was probably written sometime between the late seventh century and the early ninth century. If they are correct, the original manuscript was probably lost during the ninth-century Viking invasions of Anglia, in which the Danes destroyed the Anglo-Saxon monasteries and their great libraries. However, other scholars think that the poet's favorable attitude toward the Danes must place the epic's composition after the Vikinginvasions and at the start of the eleventh century, when this Beowulf manuscript was written.The identity of the Beowulf poey is also uncertain. D He apparently was a Christian who loved the pagan heroic tradition of his ancestors and blended the values of the pagan hero with the Christian values of his own country and time. Because he wrote in the Anglian dialect, he probably was either a monk in a monastery or a poet in an Anglo-Saxon court located north of the Thames River.Appeal and ValueBeowulf interests contemporary readers for many reasons. First, it is an outstanding adventure story. Grendel, Grendel's mother, and the dragon are marvelous characters, and each fight is unique, action-packed, and exciting. Second, Beowulf is a very appealing hero. He is the perfect warrior, combining extraordinary strength, skill, courage, and loyalty. Like Hercules, he devotes his life to making the world a safer place. He chooses to risk death in order to help other people, and he faces his inevitable death with heroism and dignity. Third, the Beowulf poet is interested in the psychological aspects of human behavior. For example, the Danish hero's welcoming speech illustrates his jealousy of Beowulf. The behavior of Beowulf's warriors in the dragon fight reveals their cowardice. Beowulf's attitudes toward heroism reflect his maturity and experience, while King Hrothgar's attitudes toward life show the experiences of an aged nobleman.Finally, the Beowulf poet exhibits a mature appreciation of the transitory nature of human life and achievement. In Beowulf, as in the major epics of other cultures, the hero must create a meaningful life in a world that is often dangerous and uncaring. He must accept the inevitability of death. He chooses to reject despair; instead, he takes pride in himself and in his accomplishments, and he values human relationships.1 According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true about Beowulf?（A）It is the only manuscript from the Anglo-Saxon period.（B）The original story was written in a German dialect.（C）The author did not sign his name to the poem.（D）It is one of several epics from the first century.2 The word which in the passage refers to（A）tale（B）Scandinavia（C）manuscripts（D）Old English3 Why does the author mention "bog-iron" in paragraph 2?（A）To demonstrate the availability of iron in Scandinavia（B）To prove that iron was better than bronze for weapons（C）To argue that the Celts provided the materials to make iron（D）To suggest that 500 b.c. was the date that the Iron Age began4 Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the highlighted statement in the passage? The other choices change the meaning or leave out important information.（A）Society in Anglo-Saxon England was both advanced and cultured.（B）The society of the Anglo-Saxons was not primitive or cultured.（C）The Anglo-Saxons had a society that was primitive, not cultured.（D）England during the Anglo-Saxon society was advanced, not cultured.5 The word unique in the passage is closest in meaning to（A）old（B）rare（C）perfect（D）weak6 According to paragraph 4, why do many scholars believe that the original manuscript for Beowulf was lost?（A）Because it is not like other manuscripts（B）Because many libraries were burned（C）Because the Danes were allies of the Anglo-Saxons（D）Because no copies were found in monasteries7 In paragraph 4, the author suggests that Beowulf was discovered in the（A）first century（B）ninth century（C）eleventh century（D）seventeenth century8 Why does the author of this passage use the word "apparently" in paragraph 5? （A）He is not certain that the author of Beowulf was a Christian.（B）He is mentioning facts that are obvious to the readers.（C）He is giving an example from a historical reference.（D）He is introducing evidence about the author of Beowulf.9 The author compared the Beowulf character to Hercules because（A）they are both examples of the ideal hero（B）their adventures with a dragon are very similar（C）the speeches that they make are inspiring（D）they lived at about the same time10 The word exhibits in the passage is closest in meaning to（A）creates（B）demonstrates（C）assumes（D）terminates11 The word reject in the passage is closest in meaning to（A）manage（B）evaluate（C）refuse（D）confront12 Look at the four squares [■] that show where the following sentence could be inserted in the passage.Moreover, they disagree as to whether this Beowulf is a copy of an earlier manuscript. Where could the sentence best be added?Click on a square [■] to insert the sentence in the passage.13 An introduction for a short summary of the passage appears below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that mention the most important points in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not included in the passage or are minor points from the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Beowulf is the oldest Anglo-Saxon epic poem that has survived to the present day.--Answer ChoicesA The Northmen were adept in crafting tools and weapons made of bronze, but the Celts were superior in designing and working in iron.B In the Viking invasions of England, the Danish armies destroyed monasteries, some of which contained extensive libraries.C King Hrothgar and Beowulf become friends at the end of their lives, after having spent decades opposing each other on the battlefield.D The poem chronicles life in Anglo-Saxon society during the Bronze and Iron Ages when Germanic tribes were invading England.E Although Beowulf was written by an anonymous poet, probably a Christian, about 1000 a.d., it was not found until the seventeenth century.F Beowulf is still interesting because it has engaging characters, an adventurous plot, and an appreciation for human behavior and relationships.13 "Thermoregulation"Mammals and birds generally maintain body temperature within a narrow range (36-38°C for most mammals and 39-42°C for most birds) that is usually considerably warmer than the environment. Because heat always flows from a warm object to cooler surroundings, birds and mammals must counteract the constant heat loss. This maintenance of warm body temperature depends on several key adaptations. The most basic mechanism is the high metabolic rate of endothermy itself. Endotherms can produce large amounts of metabolic heat that replace the flow of heat to the environment, and they can vary heat production to match changing rates of heat loss. Heat production is increased by such muscle activity as moving or shivering; In some mammals, certain hormones can cause <u>mitochondria</u> to increase their metabolic activity and produce heat instead of <u>ATP</u>. This nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) takes place throughout the body, but some mammals also have a tissue called brown fat in the neck and between the shoulders that is specialized for rapid heat production. Through shivering and NST, mammals and birds in cold environments can increase their metabolic heat production by as much as 5 to 10 times above the minimal levels that occur in warm conditions.Another major thermoregulatory adaptation that evolved in mammals and birds is insulation (hair, feathers, and fat layers), which reduces the flow of heat and lowers the energy cost of keeping warm. Most land mammals and birds react to cold by raising their fur or feathers, thereby trapping a thicker layer of air. A Humans rely more on a layer of fat just beneath the skin as insulation; goose bumps are a vestige of hair-raising left over from our furry ancestors. B Vasodilation and vasoconstriction also regulate heat exchange and may contribute to regional temperature differences within the animal. CFor example, heat loss from a human is reduced when arms and legs cool to several degrees below the temperature of the body core, where most vital organs are located. D Hair loses most of its insulating power when wet. Marine mammals such as whales and seals have a very thick layer of insulation fat called blubber, just under the skin. Marine mammals swim in water colder than their body core temperature, and many species spend at least part of the year in nearly freezing polar seas. The loss of heat to water occurs 50 to 100 times more rapidly than heat loss to air, and the skin temperature of a marine mammal is close to water temperature. Even so, the blubber insulation is so effective that marine mammals maintain body core temperatures of about 36-38°C with metabolic rates about the same as those of land mammals of similar size. The flippers or tail of a whale or seal lack insulating blubber, but countercurrent heat exchangers greatly reduce heat loss in these extremities, as they do in the legs of many birds.Through metabolic heat production, insulation, and vascular adjustments, birds and mammals are capable of astonishing feats of thermoregulation. For example, small birds called chickadees, which weigh only 20 grams, can remain active and hold body temperature nearly constant at 40°C in environmental temperatures as low as -40°C—as long as they have enough food to supply the large amount of energy necessary for heat production.Many mammals and birds live in places where thermoregulation requires cooling off as well as warming. For example, when a marine mammal moves into warm seas, as many whales do when they reproduce, excess metabolic heat is removed by vasodilation of numerous blood vessels in the outer layer of the skin. In hot climates or when vigorous exercise adds large amounts of metabolic heat to the body, many terrestrial mammals and birds may allow body temperature to rise by several degrees, which enhances heat loss by increasing the temperature gradient between the body and a warm environment.Evaporative cooling often plays a key role in dissipating the body heat. If environmental temperature is above body temperature, animals gain heat from the environment as well as from metabolism, and evaporation is the only way to keep body temperature from rising rapidly. Panting is important in birds and many mammals. Some birds have a pouch richly supplied with blood vessels in the floor of the mouth; fluttering the pouch increases evaporation. Pigeons can use evaporative cooling to keep body temperature close to 40°C in air temperatures as high as 60°C, as long as they have sufficient water. Many terrestrial mammals have sweat glands controlled by the nervous system. Other mechanisms that promote evaporative cooling include spreading saliva on body surfaces, an adaptation of some kangaroos and rodents for combating severe heat stress. Some bats use both saliva and urine to enhance evaporative cooling.GlossaryATP: energy that drives certain reactions in cells mitochondria: a membrane of ATP14 According to paragraph 1, the most fundamental adaptation to maintain body temperature is（A）the heat generated by the metabolism（B）a shivering reflex in the muscles（C）migration to a warmer environment（D）higher caloric intake to match heat loss15 Based on information in paragraph 1, which of the following best explains the term "thermogenesis"?（A）Heat loss that must be reversed（B）The adaptation of brown fat tissue in the neck（C）The maintenance of healthy environmental conditions（D）Conditions that affect the metabolism16 Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the highlighted statement in the passage? The other choices change the meaning or leave out important information.（A）An increase in heat production causes muscle activity such as moving or shivering. （B）Muscle activity like moving and shivering will increase heat production.（C）Moving and shivering are muscle activities that increase with heat.（D）When heat increases, the production of muscle activity also increases.17 The word minimal in the passage is closest in meaning to（A）most recent（B）most active（C）newest（D）smallest18 In paragraph 2, the author explains the concept of vasodilation and vasoconstriction by（A）describing the evolution in our ancestors（B）giving an example of heat loss in the extremities（C）comparing the process in humans and animals（D）identifying various types of insulation19 The word regulate in the passage is closest in meaning to（A）protect（B）create（C）reduce（D）control20 According to paragraph 3, why do many marine animals require a layer of blubber? （A）Because marine animals have lost their hair during evolution（B）Because heat is lost in water much faster than it is in air（C）Because dry hair does not insulate marine animals（D）Because they are so large that they require more insulation21 The word those in the passage refers to（A）marine animals（B）core temperatures（C）land mammals（D）metabolic rates22 Why does the author mention "chickadees" in paragraph 4?（A）To discuss an animal that regulates heat very well（B）To demonstrate why chickadees have to eat so much（C）To mention an exception to the rules of thermoregulation（D）To give a reason for heat production in small animals23 In paragraph 6, the author states that evaporative cooling is often accomplished by all of the following methods EXCEPT（A）by spreading saliva over the area（B）by urinating on the body（C）by panting or fluttering a pouch（D）by immersing themselves in water24 The word enhance in the passage is closest in meaning to（A）simplify（B）improve（C）replace（D）interrupt25 Look at the four squares [■] that show where the following sentence could be inserted in the passage.The insulating power of a layer of fur or feathers mainly depends on how much still air the layer traps.Where could the sentence best be added?Click on a square [■] to insert the sentence in the passage.26 An introduction for a short summary of the passage appears below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that mention the most important points in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not included in the passage or are minor points from the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Thermoregulation is the process by which animals control body temperatures within healthy limits.---Answer ChoicesA Although hair can be a very efficient insulation when it is dry and it can be raised, hair becomes ineffective when it is submerged in cold water.B Some animals with few adaptations for thermoregulation migrate to moderate climates to avoid the extreme weather in the polar regions and the tropics.C Mammals and birds use insulation to mitigate heat loss, including hair and feathers that can be raised to trap air as well as fat or blubber under the skin.D Some birds have a special pouch in the mouth, which can be fluttered to increase evaporation and decrease their body temperatures by as much as 20°C.E Endotherms generate heat by increasing muscle activity, by releasing hormones into their blood streams, or by producing heat in brown fat tissues.F Panting, sweating, and spreading saliva or urine on their bodies are all options for the evaporative cooling of animals in hot environmental conditions.答案见麦多课文库。

托福考试阅读模拟试题训练题

托福考试阅读模拟试题训练题Questions 34-43A number of factors related to the voice reveal the personality of the speaker.The first is the broad area of communication, which includes imparting information by use of language, communicating with a group or an individual, and specializedline communication through performance. A person conveys thoughts and ideas through(5) choice of words, by a tone of voice that is pleasant or unpleasant, gentle or harsh, by the rhythm that is inherent within the language itself, and by speech rhythms that are flowing and regular or uneven and hesitant, and finally, by thepitch and melody of the utterance. When speaking before a group, a person’s tone may indicate unsureness or fright, confidence or calm. At interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and (10) feelings over and above the words chosen, or may belie them. Here the conversant’s tone can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy or antipathy, lack of concern or interest, fatigue, anxiety, enthusiasm or excitement, all of which are .usually discernible by the acute listener. Public performance is a manner of communication that is highly specialized with its own techniques for obtaining effects by voice and/or(15) gesture. The motivation derived from the text, and in the caseof singing, the music, in combination with the performer’s skills, personality, and ability to create empathy willdetermine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication.Second, the voice gives psychological clues to a person’s self-image, perception of others, and emotional health. Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is(20) confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits. Also the sound may give a clue to the facade or mask of that person, for example, a shy person hiding behind an overconfident front. How a speaker perceives the listener’s receptiveness, interest, or sympathy in any given conversation can drastically alter the tone of presentation, by encouraging or discouraging the(25) speaker. Emotional health is evidenced in the voice by free and melodic sounds of the happy, by constricted and harsh sound of the angry, and by dull and lethargic qualities of the depressed34. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The function of the voice in performance(B) The connection between voice and personality(C) Communication styles(D) The production of speech35. What does the author mean by staring that, "At interpersonal levels, tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen" (lines 9-10)?(A) Feelings are expressed with different words than ideas are.(B) The tone of voice can cany information beyond the meaning of words.(C) A high tone of voice reflects an emotional communication.(D) Feelings are more difficult to express than ideas.36. The word "Here" in line 10 refers to(A) interpersonal interactions(B) the tone(C) ideas and feelings(D) words chosen37. The word "derived" in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) discussed(B) prepared(C) registered(D) obtained38. Why does the author mention "artistic, political, or pedagogic communication" in line17?(A) As examples of public performance(B) As examples of basic styles of communication(C) To contrast them to singing(D) To introduce the idea of self-image39. According to the passage, an exuberant tone of voice, may be an indication of a person’s(A) general physical health(B) personality(C) ability to communicate(D) vocal quality40. According to the passage, an overconfident front may hide(A) hostility(B) shyness(C) friendliness(D) strength41. The word "drastically" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) frequently(B) exactly(C) severely(D) easily42. The word "evidenced" in line 25 is closest in meaning to(A) questioned(B) repeated(C) indicated(D) exaggerated43. According to the passage, what does a constricted and harsh voice indicate?(A) Lethargy(B) Depression(C) Boredom(D) Anger参考答案：DBB ADABB CC。

托福(阅读)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)

托福（阅读）模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionSections Three：Reading Comprehension1．What does the professor mean by the following statement:Poet and humorist Ogden Nash tried but failed to adapt himself to the academic and later the business world.A．He was a better businessman than he was a teacher.B．He did not succeed in either teaching or business.C．He tried teaching before he finally succeeded in business.D．He made no effort to succeed in teaching and business.正确答案：B 涉及知识点：阅读2．What does the professor mean by the following statement:After hitting a bar several times with similar results, an animal learns that it can get food by pressing the bar.A．An animal is able to press the bar more after it is fed three or four times.B．Three or four animals are used in the experiment with similar results.C．There are several trials by an animal before the food is released.D．An animal learns how to get food by hitting a bar.正确答案：D 涉及知识点：阅读3．What does the professor mean by the following statement:Although he wrote many short stories, it was a poem, ‘The Raven,”that brought Poe his greatest recognition as a writer.A．Poe is remembered more for a poem than for his short stories.B．The Raven is less well-known than Poe’s short stories.C．Poe is famous for writing both short stories and poetry.D．Poe wrote more short stories than poems during his career.正确答案：A 涉及知识点：阅读4．What does the professor mean by the following statement:It was an atom that contained in the form of pure energy the fundamental components of the entire universe.A．The universe was made up of many atoms of pure energy.B．The effect of a pure atom in the universe was to produce energy.C．Everything in the universe was reduced to pure energy in one atom.D．The energy in the universe was stored in pure atoms.正确答案：C 涉及知识点：阅读5．What does the professor mean by the following statement:Although a bear does not eat during the winter, sustaining itself from body fat, its temperature remains almost normal, and it breathes regularly.A．When a bear survives on body fat instead of eating, its temperature and respiration are reduced.B．Not eating during the winter does not affect the bear’s breathing, but it does affect its temperature.C．During the winter, the bear’s temperature is normal and its respiration is regular, but it does not require food.D．The bear’s diet of fat during the winter does not affect its temperature and respiration.正确答案：C 涉及知识点：阅读6．What does the professor mean by the following statement:It is generally true that as long as the CEO maintains the confidence of the board of directors, they will not intervene to dictate specific policies.A．Policies are dictated by the board with the approval of the CEO.B．The board will assume control only if they lose confidence in the CEO.C．The confidence of the CEO is important to decisions that the board makes.D．The intervention by the CEO in board policies does not occur often.正确答案：B 涉及知识点：阅读7．What does the professor mean by the following statement: Temperature variations cause pressure differences in the air.A．Fluctuations in the air pressure are a result of changes in temperature.B．Changes in the air pressure and temperature vary at different times.C．The temperature is usually different from the air pressure.D．Changeable temperatures are caused by reversals in the wind.正确答案：A 涉及知识点：阅读8．What does the professor mean by the following statement:To maintain a healthy body weight, an animal must balance energy intake with energy output, largely by metabolic activity and regular physical exertion.A．Metabolism regulates activity and exercise reduces body weight for a healthy life style.B．A healthy life style includes exercise in order to control weight gain that is caused by the metabolism.C．Metabolism and exercise are ways to stabilize consumption and production ofenergy for a healthy weight.D．Animals generally balance their metabolisms by healthy eating and exercise, which also controls their weight.正确答案：C 涉及知识点：阅读9．What does the professor mean by the following statement:An example of children’s literature that supports the natural inclination to play with language is the nursery rhyme.A．The nursery rhyme is a good example of children’s literature because it is fun.B．Children like nursery rhymes because they enjoy them during playtime.C．Children’s literature is written in language that the child can understand.D．The child’s interest in playing with language is encouraged by the nursery rhyme.正确答案：D 涉及知识点：阅读10．What does the professor mean by the following statement:For employees whose jobs involve sitting at a computer terminal entering data or typing reports, the location of the computer relative to the company is of no consequence.A．Employees who work at their computers like to choose their locations.B．It does not matter where employees work at their computers.C．The location of their computers should be comfortable to employees.D．Computer terminals must be located near each other in a company.正确答案：B 涉及知识点：阅读11．What does the professor mean by the following statement:Ireland was first settled around 7500 b.c. by hunting tribes from Scotland, followed by people from the Mediterranean know as the Firbolgs.A．The Firbolgs arrived in Ireland from the Mediterranean after the Scottish people had already settled there.B．Irish tribes went to Scotland and then followed a hunting route all the way to the; Mediterranean area called Firbolgs.C．The Irish and Scottish people explored Europe, reaching as far as the Mediterranean where they settled.D．Looking for a place to live, the Firbolgs went to Scotland and then to Ireland where they finally settled.正确答案：A 涉及知识点：阅读12．Although stage plays have been set to music since the era of the ancient Greeks when the dramas of Sophocles and Aeschylus were accompanied by lyres and flutes, the usually accepted date for the beginning of opera as we know it is 1600. Aspart of the celebration of the marriage of King Henry IV of France to the Italian aristocrat Maria de Medici, the Florentine composer Jacopo Peri produced his famous Euridice, generally considered to be the first opera. Following his example, a group of Italian musicians, poets, and noblemen called the Camerata revived the style of musical story that had been used in Greek tragedy. Taking most of the plots for their operas from Greek and Roman history and mythology, they began the process of creating an opera by writing a libretto or drama that could be used to establish the framework for the music. They called their compositions opera in musics or musical works. It is from this phrase that the word opera was borrowed and abbreviated.For several years, the center of opera was Florence in northern Italy, but gradually, during the baroque period, it spread throughout Italy. By the late 1600s, operas were being written and performed in many places throughout Europe, especially in England, France, and Germany. However, for many years, the Italian opera was considered the ideal, and many non-Italian composers continued to use Italian librettos. The European form de-emphasized the dramatic aspect of the Italian model, however, introducing new orchestral effects and even some ballet.Furthermore, composers acquiesced to the demands of singers, writing many operas that were little more than a succession of brilliant tricks for the voice, designed to showcase the splendid vocal talent of the singers who had requested them. It was thus that complicated arias, recitatives, and duets evolved. The aria, which is a long solo, may be compared to a song in which the characters express their thoughts and feelings. The recitative, which is also a solo of sorts, is a recitation set to music, the purpose of which is to continue the story Iine. The duet is a musical piece written for two voices, a musical device that may serve the function of either an aria or a recitative within the opera.Major PointsA Three types of musical pieces in operaB The first opera in ItalyC The growth of opera throughout Europe正确答案：BCA 涉及知识点：阅读ReadingAccording to the controversial sunspot theory, great storms on the surface of the Sun hurl streams of solar particles into space and eventually into the atmosphere of our planet, causing shifts in the weather on the Earth and interference with radio and television communications.A typical sunspot consists of a dark central umbra, a word derived from the Latin word for shadow, which is surrounded by a lighter penumbra of light and dark threads extending out from the center like the spokes of a wheel. Actually, the sunspots are cooler than the rest of the photosphere, which may account for their apparently darker color. Typically, the temperature in a sunspot umbra is about 4000 K, whereas the temperature in a penumbra registers 5500 K, and the granules outside the spot are 6000 K.Sunspots range in size from tiny grains to complex structures with areas stretching for billions of square miles. About 5 percent of all sunspots are large enough so that they can be seen from Earth without instruments; consequently, observations of sunspots have been recorded for thousands of years. They have been observed in arrangements of one to more than one hundred spots, but they tend to occur in pairs. There is also a marked tendency for the twospots of a pair to have opposite magnetic polarities. Furthermore, the strength of the magnetic field associated with any given sunspot is closely related to the spot’s size.Sunspots have also been observed to occur in cycles, over a period of eleven years. At the beginning of a cycle, the storms occur between 20 and 40 degrees north and south of the equator on the Sun. As the cycle continues, some of the storms move closer to the equator. As the cycle diminishes, the number of sunspots decreases to a minimum, and they cluster between 5 and 15 degrees north and south latitude.Although there is no theory that completely explains the nature and function of sunspots, several models show scientists’attempts to relate the phenomenon to magnetic field lines along the lines of longitude from the north and south poles of the Sun.13．What is the author’s main purpose in the passage?A．To describe the nature of sunspotsB．To propose a model for cycles in the solar yearC．To compare the umbra and the penumbra in sunspotsD．To argue for the existence of magnetic fields in sunspots正确答案：A 涉及知识点：阅读14．Why are solar particles hurled into space?A．Undetermined causes on EarthB．Disturbances of wind on the SunC．Small rivers on the surface of the SunD．Changes in the Earth’s atmosphere正确答案：B 涉及知识点：阅读15．How can we describe the effect of matter from the Sun that enters the Earth’s atmosphere^pA．It causes volcanic eruptions on the surface of the Earth.B．It affects changes in the weather patterns on Earth.C．It results in shadows across the Earth’s surface.D．It produces higher temperatures on the Earth.正确答案：B 涉及知识点：阅读16．How would you describe most sunspots?A．A shadow encircled by bright and dark lines extending out like spokes in a wheelB．A bright wheel with a dark shadow that covers part of the spokes that extend outC．A wheel with alternating spokes of dark shadows and bright spaces in between D．A spoke of a wheel with a bright trail partially covered by a dark shadow正确答案：A 涉及知识点：阅读17．What does the author mean by the statement “Actually, the sunspots are cooler than the rest of the photosphere, which may account for their apparently darker color”?A．Neither sunspots nor the photosphere is hot.B．Sunspots in the photosphere do not have any color.C．The color of sunspots could be affected by their temperature.D．The size of a sunspot affects its temperature.正确答案：C 涉及知识点：阅读18．In which configuration do sunspots usually occur?A．In one spot of varying sizeB．In a configuration of two spotsC．In arrangements of one hundred or more spotsD．In groups of several thousand spots正确答案：B 涉及知识点：阅读19．How are sunspots explained?A．Sunspots appear to be related to the pull of highly magnetic fields on the Earth.B．Sunspots may be related to magnetic fields that follow longitudinal lines on the Sun.C．Sunspots are explained by large storms that occur on the surface of the Earth.D．Sunspots have no theory or model to explain their occurrence or reappearance.正确答案：B 涉及知识点：阅读20．The sunspot theory isA．not very importantB．widely acceptedC．subject to debateD．relatively new正确答案：C 涉及知识点：阅读。

托福考试模拟试题

托福考试模拟试题托福（TOEFL，Test of English as a Foreign Language）是世界上最为知名的英语水平考试之一，被广泛用于衡量非英语母语国家的学生在英语听力、阅读、口语和写作能力方面的水平。

托福考试模拟试题是考生备考过程中非常重要的一部分，通过模拟试题的练习，考生可以更好地了解考试形式和题型，提升应对考试的能力。

以下将为大家提供一些托福考试模拟试题，供大家练习参考。

一、听力部分听力是托福考试的第一部分，主要考察考生听力理解能力。

以下是一道托福听力模拟试题：Questions 1-5:Listen to part of a talk in an American history class.Uh, so, why did the Pilgrims come to America? I mean, what were they looking for?Well, they were seeking religious freedom. You see, in England at that time, the Anglican Church held a monopoly over religious practice, and the Pilgrims, being a more radical Protestant sect, wanted to break away and establish their own religious community.What did the Pilgrims do before they came to America?Before settling in America, the Pilgrims first traveled to the Netherlands in search of religious freedom. However, they encountered difficulties there as well, so they eventually decided to set sail for the New World.What was the name of the ship that the Pilgrims sailed to America on?The ship that carried the Pilgrims to America was the Mayflower. It was a small, cramped vessel, and the journey across the Atlantic Ocean was arduous and perilous.What challenges did the Pilgrims face upon arriving in America?Upon reaching America, the Pilgrims faced numerous challenges, including harsh weather conditions, unfamiliar terrain, and conflicts with Native American tribes. Many of them succumbed to disease and starvation during the first winter.What was the significance of the Mayflower Compact?The Mayflower Compact was a document signed by the Pilgrims upon their arrival in America. It established a framework for self-government and cooperation among the settlers, laying the foundation for democratic principles in the New World.二、阅读部分阅读部分是托福考试的第二部分，包括多篇文章和相关问题。

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你要找的小托福考试阅读模拟题在这里！
小托福的词汇量和语法难度相当于大学英语四级的水平，如果考生想要考一个好成绩，一定要多多练习，下文分享的就是小托福考试阅读模拟题，一起阅读下吧~
在阅读部分，文章会涉及到人文学科、科学、社会科学等内容，学生要注意掌握文章主要内容，抓住关键点，了解作者意图并进行推理。

同时，阅读部分的文章形式也十分多样，如电子邮件、信件、新闻、学生写作、广告、日程表等，学生需要在平时积累一些关于习惯用语的表达。

小托福考试阅读模拟题：
模拟题1：
Outflow channels are probably relics of catastrophic flooding on Mars long ago. They appear only in equatorial regions and generally do not form extensive interconnected networks. Instead, they are probably the paths taken by huge volumes of water draining from the southern highlands into the northern plains. The onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped “islands” (resembling the miniature versions seen in the wet sand of our beaches at low tide) that have been found on the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels. Judging from the width and depth of the channels, the flow rates must have been truly enormous-perhaps as much as a hundred times greater than the 105 tons per second carried by the great Amazon river. Flooding shaped the outflow channels approximately 3 billion years ago, about the same times as the northern volcanic plains formed.
Question: According to paragraph 2, all of the following are true of the outflow channels on Mars EXCEPT:
A. They formed at around the same time that volcanic activity was occurring on the northern plains.
B. They are found only on certain parts of the Martian surface.
C. They sometimes empty onto what appear to have once been the wet sands of tidal beaches.
D. They are thought to have carried water northward from the equatorial regions.
答案：C
解析：题干问的是原文关于“outflow channels”的描述。

在真正考试中，把原文阅读完毕再去和选项比较会花费较多时间。

因此，比较合理的做题顺序是，先读选项，然后拿选项和原文信息去比对。

A选项说的是outflow channel的形成时间和火山活动在北部平原的发生时间是相同的。

快速浏览原文，只有在最后一句提到了它们的形成时间，说大概在30亿年前，about引导的时间状语很重要，补充说明了这一时间和北部火山平原形成的时间相同。

A正确。

B选项说的是火山形成的地点，只在火星表面的特定区域。

看原文，第二句，说的是它们只在赤道区域出现。

B 也正确。

C选项说的是它们有时候会流到曾经的湿沙地上。

原文在提到tidal beaches时，并没有提到这一信息，因此，C选项是不符合原文的。

D选项说的是河水从赤道(南)向北流动。

和原文第三句话吻合：这些河流的走向是从南部高低到北部平原。

因此，本题的正确答案为C项。

模拟题2：
Other dimensions along which the two groups differ markedly are density and composition. The densities of the terrestrial planets average about 5 times the density of water, whereas the Jovian planets have densities that average only 1.5 times the density of water. One of the outer planets, Saturn, has a density of only 0.7 that of water, which means that Saturn would float in water. Variations in the composition of the planets are largely responsible for the density differences. The substances that make up both group of planets are divided into three groups-gases, rocks, and ices-based on their melting points. The terrestrial planets are mostly rocks: dense rocky and metallic material, with minor amounts of gases. The Jovian planets, on the other hand, contain a large percentage of the gases hydrogen and helium, with varying amounts of ices: mostly water, ammonia, and methane ices.
Question: Paragraph 4 mentions which of the following as a reason why terrestrial planets are dense?
A. They are made up of three groups of substances.
B. They are composed mainly of rocky and metallic materials.
C. They contain more ice than Jovian planets.
D. They contain relatively small amounts of water.
答案：B
解析：题干问的是类地行星密度较大的原因。

那我们只需将做题重点锁定在原文描述“density”的信息上即可。

原文中含有density的句子，第一句在说类地行星的密度和其他行星的密度比。

第二句说的是土星密度。

第三句说到行星结构的不同影响着密度的不同。

后面进一步阐释组成行星的物质：气体，岩石以及冰。

接着又提到类地行星主要由岩石组成。

显然，这就是它密度大的原因。

综合比较，应该选B。

小托福阅读注意要点：搞清楚文章的逻辑关系
考生在阅读文章的时候，一定要搞清楚文章的逻辑关系，这里所说的逻辑关系其实在小托福的阅读部分主要指的就是因果和转折这两种逻辑关系。

一般文章含有这两种逻辑关系的句子都是含有出题点或者重要信息的句子，所以考生们对于这些句子自然要仔细阅读。

考生们在遇到however、but、unfortunately这些表示转折关系的单词的时候要特别注意，凡是含有转折关系的句子，重点一定是在转折以后的内容，而往往这句话也会包含考点。

同学们在日后的复习过程中能够时刻对转折关系的句子带有警惕感，注意其可能的出题点或者重要观点，从而更主动的去应对之后的题目。

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