化学专业英语修订版翻译.pdf
化学专业英语
化学专业英语分析术语英语翻译玻璃漏斗 Glass funnel long stem试管 test tube test tube brush test tube holder test tube rack 蒸发皿 evaporating dish small烧杯 beaker锥形瓶 Erlenmeyer量筒 grad cylinder洗瓶 plastic wash bottle勺皿 casserole ,smallstoppered flask分液漏斗 separalory funnelwater bath/oil bathstrring barmagnetic stirrer冷凝器 condenserBallast bottle圆颈烧瓶 Round-buttom flask试剂瓶 reagent bottles托盘天平 platform balance 台秤0.1g 托盘pan 指针刻度表pointer and scalecrossbeams and sliding weights 游码分析天平 two-pan/single-pan analytical balance滴定管 burette glass bead(basic) nozzle移液管 pipette 胖肚 elongated glass bulb洗耳球 rubber suction bulb玻棒 glass rod玻璃活塞 stopcock容量瓶 pyknowmeter flasks比重瓶 (one-mark)volumetric flasks胖肚吸管 one-mark pipette刻度吸管 graduated pipettes实验仪器清单1、柜子中四、抽屉中：锥形瓶(conical flask) 250ml×4 药匙(medicine spoon)×1 (Erlenmeyer flask) 100 ml×3 滴管(drip tube;dropper)×2烧杯(beaker) 500 ml×1 玻棒(Glass stic)×2250 ml×3 木试管夹(test tube clamp;test tube holder)×1100 ml×3 胖肚吸管(straws) 25 ml×150 ml×2 10 ml×1容量瓶(volumetric flask) 100 ml×2 乳钵(morta)×150 ml×4 洗耳球(ear wadhing bulb)碘量瓶 (iodin numoe flask;iodineflask) 500 ml×3试剂瓶 (reagent bottle) （无色）×2（棕色）×2 配洗液：量筒（cylinder） 100 ml×1 K2Cr2O72g+5ml水→65mlH2SO4(graduated cylinder)10ml×1 边加边搅拌(stir)。
化工专业英语lesson4翻译
仅供参考Iｎｔｒoduction to Oｒganｉc Ｃheｍiｓt ｒy1．Ｓources of Orｇaｎic ＣompｏunｄsTｈe major sourｃes of orｇanic cheｍｉｃａｌs ａre coal, petｒole ｕm, ａnd agriculturａｌprｏｄucｔｓ．Both coal and pｅtrｏlｅu ｍweｒe formｅd througｈthe gｅologic prｏcesseｓof ｃhanging aｎimal anｄpｌant rｅmains iｎto ｃarbｏn-contaｉniｎg reｓiｄues. Aboutｏｎe-thiｒｄof all oｒgａnic chemicａｌｓar ｅderived from coａlａndａbouｔonｅ－haｌf ｆrom thｅｐetrｏｌｅum inｄｕstｒy有机化合物的来源有机化学药品的主要来源是煤、石油和农产品。
动植物的遗体通过地质作用变成含碳残基然后形成煤和石油。
三分之一的所有有机化合物品是从煤中得到的,一般来自于石油工业。
２. ThｅMeｔhods and Objｅcｔives ｏｆOｒganic Chemiｓtr ｙBecause oｆｔhｅｔremendｏus nｕｍber of organic comｐouｎdｓkｎown, anｄof the ｍany more being syｎthesized daｉlｙ，t ｈe stｕｄy of ｏrgaｎic chｅmisｔｒｙｉs noｔｔhe sｔudy of i ｎdividuａｌcompoundｓ，ｉt iｓthe study oｆｇroups or families oｆｃompｏundsａｌl clｏsｅｌy rｅlateｄtｏeａch ｏther．Obviously，tｈe formeｒappｒoach woｕｌd ｂe prohibｉtｉve[pｒE5ｈibiｔiｖ］. Ｏnce the sｔｒucｔurａlｒelat ｉoｎｓhｉps of certaｉn ｔypｉcal mｅmbeｒs of a paｒticｕlar gr ｏｕp or ｆamily of coｍｐouｎds aｒe unｄerstｏｏd,ｔhese strucｔural ｆeａtｕres are uｎderstoｏdｆor any one of ｔhe m ａny memｂeｒs ｏf the faｍiｌy,ｅveｎｔhougｈsome may not be knｏｗn cｏmｐoｕｎds.因为已知的有机化合物的数目庞大,而且还在逐日合成更多的品种,所以有机化学不是研究单个的化合物,而是把彼此密切相关的化合物按类或族来研究。
化学专业英语翻译(修订版) 33 化学反应速度
化学专业英语翻译（校准版）33 化学反应速度Introduction介绍In this chapter we look into how chemical reactions occur. The principal aspect we examine is the rate of a reaction, and we shall see how it. depends on the temperature and the concentrations of the species that are present.在本章中，我们来看看化学反应是如何发生的。
我们研究的主要的方面是反应速率，我们将看到温度和存在的物质的浓度是如何影响化学反应速率的。
There are two main reasons for studying the rates of reactions. The first is the practical importance of being able to predict how quickly a reaction mixture will move its equilibrium state: the rate might depend on a number of factors under our control, such as the temperature, the pressure, and the presence of a catalyst, and, depending on our aims, we may be able to make the reaction proceed at an optimum rate. For instance, in an industrial process it might be economical for the reactions to proceed very rapidly; but not so rapidly as to produce an explosion. By contrast, in a biological process it may be appropriate for a reaction to proceed only slowly, and to be switched on and off at the demand of some activity.研究反应速率的主要原因有两个。
化工专业英语翻译
元素是单纯的物质，不能通过一般的化学变化分解成为更简单的物质。目前已知有109个元素。一些你熟悉的常见元素是碳、氧、铝、铁、氮和金。元素是组成物质的基本单元，就象0到9的数字是组成数的基本单元一样。就我们所知，已经在地球上发现的元素也是组成整个宇宙的元素。
About 85% of (85 percent of) the elements can be found in nature , usually combined with other elements in minerals and vegetable matter or in substances like water and carbon dioxide. Copper, silver, gold, and about 20 other elements can be found in highly pure forms. Sixteen elements are not found in nature; they
Lesson one Elements and Compounds
元素与化合物
Elements are pure substances that can not be decomposed(分解) into simpler substances by ordinary chemical changes. At present there are 109 known elements. Some common elements that are familiar to you are carbon, oxygen, aluminum, iron, copper, nitrogen, and gold. The elements are the building blocks of matter just as the numerals 0 through 9 are the building blocks for numbers. To the best of1 our knowledge, the elements that have been found on the earth also comprise(包含) the entire universe.
化学专业英语翻译
(or base) as a function of the volume of added base (or acid)
is called a pH titration curve. A pH indicator is a weak acid or base
that has a color that is different from that of its conjugate base or
IF语句的应用
缓冲液是一种由混合弱酸及其共轭碱或弱碱及其共轭 酸组成的水溶液。它具有当加入少量的强酸或强碱时，溶 液的pH变化不大的性质。缓冲溶液在各种化学应用中用来 保持pH的值几乎不变。溶液的缓冲能力指的是加入大量的 H3O+或OH-缓冲溶液不会超过规定的pH范围。缓冲范围是指 在pH范围内缓冲液有效的中和加入的酸或碱的量。缓冲溶 液的pH，pKa和弱酸及其共轭碱之间的关系可以用H-H方程 表示为： pH=pKa+lg{[共轭碱]/[弱酸]}
IF语句的应用
An acid-base titration is the determination of the concentration
of an acid or base by exactly neutralizing the acid/base with an
acid or base of known concentration. The plot of the pH of an acid
dissolution溶解
precipitation沉淀
Solubility-product constant溶度积常数
insoluble不溶的
slightly soluble微溶的
化学专业英语（删减版）翻译
20THE ROLE OF PROTECTIVE GROUPS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS20有机合成中保护基团的使用If a satisfactory protective group has not been located,the chemist has a number of alternatives:rearrange the order of some of the steps in the synthetic scheme so that a functional group no longer requires protection or a protective group that was reactive in the original scheme is now stable;redesign the synthesis,possibly making use of latent functionality(i.e.,a functional group in a precursor form;e.g.,anisole as a precursor of cyclohexanone).Or,it may be necessary to include the synthesis of a new protective group in the overall plan.如果找不到符合要求的保护基，化学家仍然具有大量可供选择的方法：重新安排合成系统中一些步骤的顺序，保证官能团不再需要保护或者在原来的系统中的活性保护基现在变得稳定；可能利用潜在的功能重新设计合成（也就是功能性基团以前驱体形式出现；例如：茴香醚作为环己酮的前驱体）。
或者，有必要在总体计划中包括新保护基的合成.22POLYMERS22聚合物The process by which small molecules undergo multiple combinations to form macromolecules is polymerization.Small molecules from which a macromolecule or polymer can be made are called monomers.Two types of polymerization are recognized: (1)condensation polymerization and(2)addition polymerization.A polymer-forming reaction involving elimination of a small molecule such as water or alcohol between monomer units is described as condensation polymerization.In addition polymerization, unsaturated or cyclic molecules add to each other without elimination of any portion of the monomer molecule.The empirical formula of the polymer is then,of course,the same as that of the monomer.小分子进行多重结合形成大分子的过程叫做聚合反应。
化学专业英语部分原文及翻译
U27 The acid-base titration starts with the dissolution of the solid acid sample in deioni zed water. Add the end-pointindica tor, whichis phenol phtha lein, with two dropsto each flaskcontai ningthe acid sample and deioni zed water.Proper ly labelthe flasks. Be consis tentin all of the sample s when adding the indica tor. Swirlthe flasks untilthe solidacid is comple telydissol ved. Finall y, rinsewith deioni zed waterthreetimesaround, whichis critic al to ensure that all solidacid has been remove d from the flaskwallsand dissol ved in the soluti on. All solidpartic les must be dissol ved priorto the titrat ion.7、酸碱滴定伴随着于固体酸溶解于去离子水中发生。
在每支装有酸样品和去离子水的试管中加入两滴终点指示剂——酚酞，并在试管上贴好标签。
在加指示剂的时候保持所有样品条件一致。
震荡试管直到所有固体酸完全溶解。
最后，用去离子水冲洗试管壁周围三次，确保试管壁上的固体酸从试管上脱落并溶解于溶液中。
化工专业英语第一片翻译
Elements and Compounds元素与化合物Elements are pure substances that can not be decomposed(分解) into simpler substances by ordinary chemical changes. At present there are 109 known elements. Some common elements that are familiar to you are carbon, oxygen, aluminum, iron, copper, nitrogen, and gold. The elements are the building blocks of matter just as the numerals 0 through 9 are the building blocks for numbers. To the best of1 our knowledge, the elements that have been found on the earth also comprise(包含) the entire universe.元素是单纯的物质，不能通过一般的化学变化分解成为更简单的物质。
目前已知有109个元素。
一些你熟悉的常见元素是碳、氧、铝、铁、氮和金。
元素是组成物质的基本单元，就象0到9的数字是组成数的基本单元一样。
就我们所知，已经在地球上发现的元素也是组成整个宇宙的元素。
About 85% of (85 percent of) the elements can be found in nature , usually combined with other elements in minerals and vegetable matter or in substances like water and carbon dioxide. Copper, silver, gold, and about 20 other elements can be found in highly pure forms. Sixteen elements are not found in nature; theyhave been produced in generally small amounts in nuclear explosions (爆炸)and nuclear research. They are man-made elements.大约有85%的元素可以在大自然的矿物或者植物中，以及如水和二氧化碳这样的物质中找到，通常与别的元素结合。
化学专业英语文献翻译
专业英语文献翻译Quantifying the Cluster of Differentiation 4 Receptor Density on Human T Lymphocytes Using Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry。
ABSTRACT： Cluster of differentiation 4 （CD4） is an important glycoprotein containingfour extracellular domains, a transmembrane portion and a short intracellular tail. It locates on the surface of various types of immune cells and performs a critical role in multiple cellular functions such as signal amplification and activation of T cells。
It is well-known as a clinical cell surface protein marker for study of HIV progression and for defining the T helper cell population in immunological applications。
Moreover，CD4 protein has been used as a biological calibrator for quantification of other surface and intracellular proteins. However，flow cytometry, the conventional method of quantification of the CD4 density on the T cell surface depends on antibodies and has suffered from variables such as antibody clones, the ommatophore and conjugation chemistries, the fixation conditions， and the flow cytometric quantification methods used. In this study, we report the development of a highly reproducible na no liquid chromatography−multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry-based quantitative method to quantify the CD4 receptor density in units of copy number per cell on human CD4+ T cells. The method utilizes stable isotope—labeled full—length standard CD4 as an internal standard to measureendogenous CD4 directly, without the use of antibodies. The development of the mass spectrometry-based approach of CD4 protein quantification is important as a complementary strategy to validate the analysis from the cytometry-based conventional method。
化学专业英语翻译2
02. THE NONMETAL ELEMENTSWe noted earlier. that -nonmetals exhibit properties that are greatly different from those of the metals. As a rule, the nonmetals are poor conductors of electricity (graphitic carbon is an exception) and heat; they are brittle, are often intensely colored, and show an unusually wide range of melting and boiling points. Their molecular structures, usually involving ordinary covalent bonds, vary from the simple diatomic molecules of H2, Cl2, I2, and N2 to the giant molecules of diamond, silicon and boron.我们前面提到的。
-非金属表现出的性质有很大的不同，这些金属。
作为一项规则，非金属都是热的不良导体电（石墨碳是个例外）和热；他们是脆的，往往是强烈的色彩，并显示一个非常广泛的熔点和沸点。
其分子结构，通常涉及一般共价键，从简单的双原子分子氢，氯，碘，和氮气的大分子的金刚石，硅和硼。
The nonmetals that are gases at room temperature are the low-molecular weight diatomic molecules and the noble gases that exert very small intermolecular forces. As the molecular weight increases, we encounter a liquid (Br2) and a solid (I2) whose vapor pressures also indicate small intermolecular forces. Certain properties of a few nonmetals are listed in Table 2非金属，在室温下是气体的分子量和双原子分子的惰性气体，施加很小的分子间力。
《化学工程与工艺专业英语》课文翻译完整版
Unit 1 Chemic al Indust ry化学工业1.Origin s of the Chemic al Indust ryAlthou gh the use of chemic als datesback to the ancien t civili zatio ns, the evolut ion of what we know as the modern chemic al indust ry starte d much more recent ly. It may be consid eredto have begunduring the Indust rialRevolu tion, about1800, and develo ped to provid e chemic als roe use by otherindust ries. Exampl es are alkali for soapma king, bleach ing powder for cotton, and silica and sodium carbon ate for glassm aking. It will be notedthat theseare all inorga nic chemic als. The organi c chemic als indust ry starte d in the 1860swith the exploi tatio n of Willia m HenryPerkin‘sdiscov ery if the firstsynthe tic dyestu ff—mauve. At the startof the twenti eth centur y the emphas is on resear ch on the applie d aspect s of chemis try in German y had paid off handso mely, and by 1914 had result ed in the German chemic al indust ry having 75% of the worldmarket in chemic als. This was basedon the discov ery of new dyestu ffs plus the develo pment of both the contac t proces s for sulphu ric acid and the Haberproces s for ammoni a. The laterrequir ed a majortechno logic al breakt hroug h that of beingable to carryout chemic al reacti ons undercondit ionsof very high pressu re for the firsttime. The experi encegained with this was to standGerman y in good stead, partic ularl y with the rapidl y increa sed demand for nitrog en-basedcompou nds (ammoni um saltsfor fertil izers and nitric acid for explos ivesmanufa cture) with the outbre ak of worldwarⅠin 1914. This initia ted profou nd change s whichcontin ued during the inter-war years(1918-1939).1．化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。
化学工程专业英语课文翻译
Uniｔ1Ｃhemicａl Indｕsｔｒｙ化学工业1.Oｒigｉｎｓ oｆｔhe Cheｍiｃａl IndusｔryAｌｔhougｈｔhe usｅof cheｍicａls daｔes ｂａcｋtoｔhe ancient civilizaｔionｓ, the evoｌuｔioｎof whaｔｗe know as thｅmodern ｃhemical inｄusｔry stａrted much moｒe receｎtlｙ. It may ｂe consideｒed to have bｅgun dｕrｉng tｈe IndｕsｔrｉaｌRevoｌutｉｏn, abｏut 180０, and ｄeｖelｏｐeｄto ｐrｏｖide chemiｃalｓroe use by oｔｈer ｉnｄustries. Exａmples are ａlkaｌi for soapmakinｇ，bleacｈiｎg ｐoｗder for coｔton,and silｉca andｓｏｄium cａrbonate foｒｇｌassmaｋinｇ. It ｗill be notｅd thatｔhese arｅall inorganｉc chemicａls. Tｈｅｏrganic cheｍｉcals iｎdustry sｔarteｄin tｈe1860s wiｔh tｈｅexpｌoitationｏf ＷｉlliaｍＨenry Peｒkin’ｓdiscover ｙｉf thｅｆｉｒst synthetic dyesｔufｆ—maｕve. Ａt thｅsｔａrt ｏｆthe ｔｗen ｔietｈcentury the ｅｍpｈasis on research ｏn ｔｈe applied aspects of chemistry ｉn Germａny hａd paｉｄoｆf haｎｄsomely，aｎｄby １914had resulted in ｔｈe Ｇerman ｃhemicaｌiｎdｕstrｙｈavｉnｇ75% oｆthe worｌdｍarｋetｉｎcｈe ｍicａｌs．Thiｓｗas bａｓｅｄｏn the dｉsｃovｅryｏf new dyestuffs pｌus the devｅｌopment of ｂothｔhe conｔacｔprｏｃｅss foｒsｕlphｕrｉc acid and thｅHabｅrｐroｃess for ammonｉa.Thｅｌater requiｒed a mａｊoｒteｃｈnolｏｇｉcal breakｔhｒoｕgｈｔｈat of bｅｉng ａblｅto caｒｒy ouｔchemiｃａl rｅaｃtioｎs uｎder conditｉonｓｏf vｅrｙhiｇh preｓsure ｆoｒthe firsｔtｉｍe.The exｐerience ｇａined witｈtｈis was tｏｓｔaｎd Gｅｒmany iｎｇｏod stｅａｄ, parｔiculａrｌy ｗｉth the rａｐiｄｌy inｃreａｓｅd ｄｅｍaｎｄfｏr ｎitrogeｎ-based cｏｍpoundｓ(ammonｉｕm ｓalts foｒfｅrtilizers aｎｄnitric acid for eｘplosivｅs ｍanufaｃturｅ）with thｅoutｂrｅaｋof wｏrld wａrⅠin 1914. This ｉnitiated prｏｆound ｃhangeｓwｈich ｃontｉｎued durinｇthe inter-war yeａrs (19１8-19３９)．1．化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代,我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的)。
化学专业英语翻译
Lesson2 Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds and Chemical Formulas无机合成命名法与化学公式Communication among chemists is simplified by an internationally accepted system of notation—chemical formulas.化学家之间的通信是由一个国际公认的符号系统简化—化学公式。
As you know，each of elements has its symbol derived from its Latin name and all chemists know what this symbol represents：如你所知，每个元素都有其符号从它的拉丁文名称派生的所有化学家知道这是什么符号代表：E.g Hg—hydrargyrum—in English speaking countries mercury，in German speaking countries QUECKSILBER，in Czech RTUT，in Slovak ORTUT.例如：Hg—汞—在英语国家里写作mercury，在德语国家QUECKSILBER，在捷克RTUT，在斯洛伐克ORTUT。
This “chemical alphabet”is very useful and an artificial language for expression of the structure of various compounds has been accepted on its basis.这种“化学字母”是非常有用的，一种人工语言的各种化合物的结构表达式已被接受的基础上。
A chemical formula is a representation of the number and kind of atoms in a molecule of a substance and it is used in addition（or in place）of the name of the substance in question.化学式是原子物质的分子的数量和种类的代表，它是有关物质通常加成（或者取代）的名称。
化学专业英语 修订版 翻译
01T H E E L E M E N T S A N D T H E P E R I O D I C T A B L E01 元素和元素周期表The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is referred to as the atomic number, or proton number, Z. The number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom is also equal to the atomic number, Z. The total mass of an atom is determined very nearly by the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. This total is called the mass number, A. The number of neutrons in an atom, the neutron number, is given by the quantity A-Z.质子的数量在一个原子的核被称为原子序数,或质子数、周淑金、电子的数量在一个电中性原子也等于原子序数松山机场的总质量的原子做出很近的总数的质子和中子在它的核心。
这个总数被称为大量胡逸舟、中子的数量在一个原子,中子数,给出了a - z的数量。
The term element refers to, a pure substance with atoms all of a single kind. To the chemist the "kind" of atom is specified by its atomic number, since this is the property that determines its chemical behavior. At present all the atoms from Z = 1 to Z = 107 are known; there are 107 chemical elements. Each chemical element has been given a name and a distinctive symbol. For most elements the symbol is simply the abbreviated form of the English name consisting of one or two letters, for example:这个术语是指元素,一个纯物质与原子组成一个单一的善良。